CN111044302B - Clamp effectiveness verification optimization method based on vibration test coupling system - Google Patents
Clamp effectiveness verification optimization method based on vibration test coupling system Download PDFInfo
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- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/08—Railway vehicles
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Abstract
The invention relates to a clamp effectiveness verification optimization method based on a vibration test coupling system, wherein the vibration test coupling system comprises a vibration table, a clamp and a test piece, and the effectiveness verification optimization method comprises the following steps: collecting frequency spectrum data of the vibration acceleration; decomposing the coupling system, and respectively carrying out finite element modeling and modal analysis on the fixture and the test piece subsystem; then, transfer functions of the clamp and the test piece subsystem are respectively determined; assembling the transfer function through the defined connection unit; finally, carrying out vibration response calculation; and if the result does not meet the design requirement, performing modal contribution analysis and optimization analysis until the result of the vibration response calculation meets the design requirement. The method can efficiently and visually verify the effectiveness of the clamp based on the actually measured acceleration frequency spectrum data, and has important guiding significance for the design of the clamp.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of test equipment, and particularly relates to a clamp effectiveness verification optimization method based on a vibration test coupling system.
Background
Vibration is one of the most important environmental factors that lead to product failure. For products subjected to vibration environment examination at any moment, the products must be subjected to a vibration reliability examination experiment before leaving a factory, particularly in the field of rail transit, and GB/T21563-2008 (rail transit locomotive equipment impact and vibration test) clearly stipulates the requirements and methods for random vibration and impact tests of equipment on a rail locomotive. It can be seen that the quality of the vibration test directly determines whether the product can be subjected to expected environmental assessment and whether the product can realize the corresponding functions within the specified years.
In the vibration test, the clamp is a key part for ensuring the reliable clamping of a product and transmitting the motion of the vibration table to a test piece, and the quality of the vibration test is directly determined by the dynamic characteristic. The clamp with good design has enough transmission precision, the orthogonal motion is strictly limited, and the vibration of the joint of the clamp and the test piece meets the allowable input deviation. The design of the existing clamp has no clear design standard, and is suitable for improving the first-order natural frequency of the clamp as much as possible, and the requirements of different industries on the clamp are not consistent. The designer mostly takes experience as a main part, adopts a structure form of a switching plate type or an L-shaped fixture and a T-shaped fixture matched with a plurality of reinforcing ribs according to the interface form of a test piece, and adopts a finite element modal analysis technology to continuously optimize, improve and improve the first-order natural frequency of the fixture. On one hand, the design method has higher requirements on experience of designers, on the other hand, the dynamic model takes a single clamp as an analysis object, the mass and the rigidity of a test piece are not considered, the boundary condition of the connection between the clamp and the vibration table is not considered, the relation between the load excitation direction and the modal is not considered, the design result often leads to 'over-design' or 'under-design', and the optimal result is difficult to obtain. It is impossible to manufacture a test fixture, and after dynamic characteristic test, structural modification and observation effect are carried out, a vibration fixture for environmental test is developed, which always requires one-time design and successful manufacture. How to assess the effectiveness of the clamp through a simulation means in the design stage is very important.
Therefore, the currently disclosed literature lacks a research on an efficient modeling method and a method for quickly verifying the effectiveness of the clamp for the clamp-test piece-vibration table coupling system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the clamp effectiveness verification optimization based on the vibration test coupling system, the clamp effectiveness can be verified efficiently and visually, and the clamp effectiveness verification method has important guiding significance for the design of the clamp.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a clamp effectiveness verification optimization method based on a vibration test coupling system, wherein the vibration test coupling system comprises a vibration table, a clamp and a test piece, and the effectiveness verification optimization method comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting frequency spectrum data of the vibration acceleration;
s2, decomposing the coupling system into a vibration table subsystem, a clamp subsystem and a test piece subsystem;
s3, simplifying the vibration table in the vibration table subsystem into a large mass point with larger mass;
s4, carrying out finite element modeling on the clamp subsystem and the test piece subsystem respectively;
s5, performing modal analysis on the finite element modeling of the clamp subsystem and the finite element modeling of the test piece subsystem respectively, and obtaining modal analysis results respectively;
s6, respectively determining the transfer function of the clamp subsystem and the transfer function of the test piece subsystem according to the modal analysis result;
s7, defining a connecting unit between the clamp subsystem and the test piece subsystem;
s8, assembling the transfer function of the clamp subsystem and the transfer function of the test piece subsystem according to the connecting unit;
s9, using the assembled transfer function to calculate the vibration response;
and S10, if the vibration response calculation result does not meet the design requirement, performing optimization analysis, and repeating the steps S4 to S9 until the vibration response calculation result meets the design requirement.
In one embodiment, the step S1 further includes performing complex fourier transform on the vibration acceleration spectrum data by using the time domain signal of the acceleration to obtain complex spectrum data of the acceleration, and obtaining real part and imaginary part spectrum data of the corresponding frequency band.
In one embodiment, the step S3 further includes multiplying the large mass point by the complex spectrum data of the acceleration in the step S1 to obtain the vibration exciting force.
In one embodiment, in the finite element modeling of the clamp subsystem of step S4, a rigid node is established at the connection node of the clamp and the vibration table, and the rigid node is connected with the large mass point of step S3 through a rigid unit, so that the degree of freedom of the large mass point is released, and meanwhile, the degree of freedom of the connection node of the clamp and the test piece is in a free state;
in the finite element modeling of the test piece subsystem in the step S4, the degree of freedom of the connection node between the test piece and the fixture is in a free state.
In one embodiment, in step S5, the finite element analysis software is used to perform modal analysis on the fixture subsystem and the test piece subsystem, and obtain a natural frequency and a mode shape matrix of the fixture subsystem and a natural frequency and a mode shape matrix of the test piece subsystem, respectively.
In one embodiment, the step S6 further includes the following steps:
step S61, according to the natural frequency and the vibration mode matrix of the clamp subsystem obtained in the step S5, setting modal damping of the clamp subsystem, and determining a transfer function of the clamp subsystem by adopting a matrix inversion mode;
and step S62, setting modal damping of the test piece subsystem according to the natural frequency and the vibration mode matrix of the test piece subsystem obtained in the step S5, and determining the transfer function of the test piece subsystem by adopting a matrix inversion mode.
In one embodiment, the step S61 further includes defining an input point and an output point of the transfer function of the clamp subsystem, and defining the high mass point as the input point and the connection node of the clamp and the test piece as the input point and the output point.
In one embodiment, the step S62 further includes defining an input point and an output point of the transfer function of the test piece subsystem, and the specific step is that the connection nodes of the test piece and the fixture are defined as the input point and the output point at the same time.
In one embodiment, in step S9, a vibration response calculation is performed according to the assembled transfer function and the vibration exciting force obtained in step S3.
In one embodiment, before performing the optimization analysis, the step S10 further includes a modal contribution analysis.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: (1) establishing a vibration test coupling system aiming at a vibration table, a clamp and a test piece, and verifying and optimizing the effectiveness of the clamp aiming at the coupling system; (2) when the effectiveness verification optimization method is carried out, the coupling system is decomposed, and the subsystems are respectively modeled, so that the team work division cooperation is utilized, and the modeling efficiency is improved by more than 50%; (3) the large-mass method is utilized, the modeling work of the vibration table is simplified, and the application of vibration acceleration is skillfully realized; (4) when the design parameters of the clamp are changed, other subsystems do not need to be recalculated, and the simulation verification efficiency is improved; (5) lab's assembly environment, the high-efficient various connection relation (such as rigid connection, viscoelasticity connection etc.) of handling anchor clamps and test piece, can confirm the defect of anchor clamps structural design fast through modal contribution analysis, through optimizing the module, convenient parameterization handles, provides the guide to the structural style and the material selection type of anchor clamps.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter on the basis of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the verification and optimization of the vibration table-clamp-test piece coupling system of the present invention.
In the drawings like parts are provided with the same reference numerals. The figures are not drawn to scale.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings. Therefore, the realization process of how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effect can be fully understood and implemented. It should be noted that the technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way as long as no conflict exists. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the invention provides a method for verifying and optimizing the effectiveness of a clamp based on a vibration test coupling system, wherein the vibration test coupling system comprises a vibration table, a clamp and a test piece, the vibration table, the clamp and the test piece are a coupled power system, the vibration borne by the test piece is transmitted from a connecting node of the clamp and the test piece, and whether the indexes of the clamp, such as transmission precision, orthogonal motion and the like, meet the design requirements can be quickly evaluated by comparing the vibration of the connecting node with the vibration input by the vibration table.
However, the following difficulties exist in calculating the dynamic response of the vibration table-clamp-test piece coupling power system: 1. a complete vibration table model is difficult to obtain and complex, and how to establish a coupling system model with high precision is a key; 2. at present, acceleration information is mostly used as control input of a vibration table, a power system response calculation is characterized in that a force signal is used as excitation, and conventional commercial software cannot directly output an acceleration signal calculation response; 3. performing response calculation by using a coupling system, wherein if repeated optimization and modification of the clamp structure are involved, the coupled system needs to be repeatedly calculated, and if the coupled system is a large finite element system, the calculation efficiency is too low; 4. the current design verification lacks a complete verification and optimization process.
Therefore, aiming at the coupling system of the vibration test of the vibration table, the clamp and the test piece, the invention provides a method for verifying and optimizing the effectiveness of the clamp of the coupling system based on the vibration test, which comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting frequency spectrum data of the vibration acceleration;
s2, decomposing the coupling system into a vibration table subsystem, a clamp subsystem and a test piece subsystem;
s3, simplifying the vibration table in the vibration table subsystem into a large mass point with larger mass;
s4, carrying out finite element modeling on the clamp subsystem and the test piece subsystem respectively;
s5, performing modal analysis on the finite element modeling of the clamp subsystem and the finite element modeling of the test piece subsystem respectively, and obtaining modal analysis results respectively;
s6, respectively determining the transfer function of the clamp subsystem and the transfer function of the test piece subsystem according to the modal analysis result;
s7, defining a connecting unit between the clamp subsystem and the test piece subsystem;
s8, assembling the transfer function of the clamp subsystem and the transfer function of the test piece subsystem according to the connecting unit;
s9, using the assembled transfer function to calculate the vibration response;
and S10, if the vibration response calculation result does not meet the design requirement, performing optimization analysis, and repeating the steps S4 to S9 until the vibration response calculation result meets the design requirement.
In step S1, the vibration reliability test generally inputs an acceleration spectral density signal of a certain frequency band according to the relevant requirements, on one hand, the signal comes from the field measured data, and on the other hand, the signal is according to the relevant standards. Preferably, the acquisition mode of the frequency spectrum data of the vibration acceleration of the invention has multiple ways: the vibration acceleration data of the installation connecting node under the working environment of the product can be collected by using the accelerometer; the frequency spectrum data of the vibration acceleration can be extracted according to the relevant standard, and the vibration acceleration data of the vibration table can be tested in other vibration reliability tests subjected to the same acceleration spectrum examination.
Step S1 further includes performing complex fourier transform on the vibration acceleration spectrum data by using the time domain signal of the acceleration to obtain complex spectrum data of the acceleration, and obtaining real part and imaginary part spectrum data of the corresponding frequency band.
In step S3, the structural basis of the vibration table is simplified to a mass unit with a large mass (generally 10 of the total mass of the fixture and the test piece is taken)6Multiple), the underlying motion constraint is released.
Step S3 further includes obtaining a vibration exciting force, specifically, multiplying the large mass point by the complex frequency spectrum data of the acceleration obtained in step S1 to obtain the vibration exciting force (i.e., external excitation). The vibration exciting force of the product of the large mass and the vibration acceleration is applied to the large mass point, and a large number is skillfully arranged on the mass matrix mathematically to realize the vibration acceleration data input of an approximate true value, which is called a large mass method for short.
In step S4, for individual subsystems, finite element meshing is performed in professional preprocessing software such as HYPERMESH/ANSA, boundary conditions are applied, and unit attributes are defined.
Preferably, the method establishes a rigid node at a connecting node of the clamp and the vibration table in the finite element modeling of the clamp subsystem, such as a rigid node at a bolt; connecting the obtained rigid node with the large mass point in the step S3 through a rigid unit, releasing the degree of freedom of the large mass point, and simultaneously enabling the degree of freedom of the connecting node of the clamp and the test piece to be in a free state;
in the finite element modeling of the test piece subsystem, the degree of freedom of the connection node of the test piece and the clamp is in a free state.
In step S5, a finite element analysis software (e.g., NASTRAN software) is used to perform modal analysis on the fixture subsystem and the test piece subsystem, respectively. Under the action of certain external excitation, the modes which mainly contribute to the response are only a plurality of low-order modes, so that all the modes of the system do not need to be obtained, and the calculation efficiency is obviously improved. The mode frequency required by general engineering calculation reaches about 2 times of the excitation frequency and is enough to meet the calculation requirement.
According to the method, the natural frequency and the vibration mode matrix of the clamp subsystem are obtained after the mode analysis of the clamp subsystem, and the natural frequency and the vibration mode matrix of the test piece subsystem are obtained after the mode analysis of the test piece subsystem.
In step S6, the method further includes the following steps:
step S61, according to the natural frequency and the vibration mode matrix of the clamp subsystem obtained in the step S5, setting modal damping of the clamp subsystem, and determining a transfer function of the clamp subsystem by adopting a matrix inversion mode;
and step S62, setting modal damping of the test piece subsystem according to the natural frequency and the vibration mode matrix of the test piece subsystem obtained in the step S5, and determining the transfer function of the test piece subsystem by adopting a matrix inversion mode.
Preferably, modal damping is generally defined to be around 0.02 for commonly used metal structures.
In one embodiment, the step S61 further includes defining an input point and an output point of the transfer function of the fixture subsystem according to actual conditions by using a modeling platform software (virtual.
In one embodiment, the step S62 further includes defining an input point and an output point of the transfer function of the test piece subsystem, where the connection node of the test piece and the fixture is defined as the input point and the output point, and the other nodes of interest are defined as the output points.
Preferably, the connection unit is defined in step S7, and specifically, the connection unit may be established in an assembly analysis module (assembly analysis module) for structural analysis of modeling platform software (virtual. Such as: the bolted connection may establish a rigid unit; the shock absorber connection can establish a push unit, and the connection rigidity and the damping in the directions of 6 degrees of freedom are input.
Preferably, in step S8, the assembly of the transfer function of the fixture subsystem and the transfer function of the test piece subsystem is implemented in an assembly analysis module of the structural analysis of virtual.
Preferably, in step S9, a vibration response calculation is performed based on the assembled transfer function and the vibration exciting force obtained in step S3; specifically, the response caused by external excitation is calculated by using the assembled transfer function, the consistency of the vibration at the position near the connecting node of the clamp and the test piece and the vibration input by the vibration table is compared, and whether the main vibration direction transfer characteristic and the orthogonal motion of the clamp meet the design requirements can be visually judged.
In the manner of obtaining the vibration exciting force in the step S3, the acceleration signal data is converted into force data of a corresponding frequency band for vibration response calculation, and the calculation result can ensure that the acceleration result of the large mass point is consistent with the acceleration result obtained in the step S1, thereby skillfully realizing the loading of the acceleration.
Preferably, in step S10, the optimization module of virtual. For the optimization of the fixture, the vibration magnitude of the vibration response of a certain frequency band or certain discrete frequency points of the response point can be set as an optimization target, or the modal frequency of a certain modal of the fixture is set as the optimization target, the thickness distribution, the elastic modulus distribution and the like of the fixture are optimized, so that the thickness, the material arrangement and the like of the fixture are determined.
Preferably, before performing the optimization analysis, modal contribution analysis is further included. If the vibration response does not meet the requirement, the frequency band, with larger deviation of the vibration transmitted to the test piece by the clamp compared with the input signal of the vibration table, can be judged first, and then the clamp mode which mainly plays a role in the frequency band response is determined through mode contribution analysis, so as to guide the direction of structure improvement, such as increasing the specific position of the reinforcing rib and the like, and the specific order of the mode frequency to be improved.
In summary, in the coupling power system of the vibration table, the clamp and the test piece, the vibration table model is complex and difficult to obtain, and the acceleration frequency spectrum data of the vibration table is difficult to be directly input for response calculation. But the mass and the rigidity of the vibration table are obviously higher than those of a clamp and a test piece, and the vibration table can be replaced by a large mass point in quick response analysis, so that the complex modeling work of the vibration table body is omitted, and simultaneously, the vibration acceleration signal data is conveniently converted into the excitation data of the force signal by adopting a large mass method.
For the clamp and the test piece subsystem, a finite element model can be respectively established and transfer function calculation can be carried out by utilizing a subsystem modal synthesis method, and response calculation can be carried out through transfer function assembly. This approach makes modeling efficient without duplication.
The mode contribution analysis mainly analyzes the mode responding to the main effect of the clamp, so that designers can conveniently design and modify the clamp structure in a targeted manner, and the virtual.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments as above, the description is only for the convenience of understanding the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The clamp effectiveness verification optimization method based on the vibration test coupling system is characterized in that the vibration test coupling system comprises a vibration table, a clamp and a test piece, wherein the clamp effectiveness verification optimization method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring frequency spectrum data of the vibration acceleration, and performing complex Fourier transform on the frequency spectrum data of the vibration acceleration by using a time domain signal of the acceleration to obtain complex frequency spectrum data of the acceleration and obtain real part and imaginary part frequency spectrum data of a corresponding frequency band;
s2, decomposing the coupling system into a vibration table subsystem, a clamp subsystem and a test piece subsystem;
s3, simplifying the vibration table in the vibration table subsystem into a large mass point with large mass, and multiplying the large mass point by the complex frequency spectrum data of the acceleration in the step S1 to obtain vibration exciting force;
s4, carrying out finite element modeling on the clamp subsystem and the test piece subsystem respectively;
s5, performing modal analysis on the finite element modeling of the clamp subsystem and the finite element modeling of the test piece subsystem respectively, and obtaining modal analysis results respectively;
s6, respectively determining the transfer function of the clamp subsystem and the transfer function of the test piece subsystem according to the modal analysis result;
s7, defining a connecting unit between the clamp subsystem and the test piece subsystem;
s8, assembling the transfer function of the clamp subsystem and the transfer function of the test piece subsystem according to the connecting unit;
s9, using the assembled transfer function and the vibration exciting force obtained in the step S3 to calculate the vibration response, comparing the consistency of the vibration near the connecting node of the clamp and the test piece and the vibration input by the vibration table, and judging whether the main vibration direction transfer characteristic and the orthogonal motion of the clamp meet the design requirements;
and S10, if the vibration response calculation result does not meet the design requirement, performing optimization analysis, and repeating the steps S4 to S9 until the vibration response calculation result meets the design requirement.
2. The method for verifying and optimizing the effectiveness of the clamp based on the vibration test coupling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the finite element modeling of the clamp subsystem of the step S4, a rigid node is established at the connection node of the clamp and the vibration table, and the rigid node is connected with the large mass point of the step S3 through a rigid unit, so as to release the degree of freedom of the large mass point, and meanwhile, the degree of freedom of the connection node of the clamp and the test piece is in a free state;
in the finite element modeling of the test piece subsystem in the step S4, the degree of freedom of the connection node between the test piece and the fixture is in a free state.
3. The method for validating and optimizing the fixture based on the vibration test coupling system of claim 1, wherein in step S5, the finite element analysis software is used to perform modal analysis on the fixture subsystem and the test piece subsystem respectively, and obtain the natural frequency and the mode shape matrix of the fixture subsystem and the natural frequency and the mode shape matrix of the test piece subsystem respectively.
4. The method for validating and optimizing the fixture based on the vibration test coupling system according to claim 3, wherein the step S6 further comprises the following steps:
step S61, according to the natural frequency and the vibration mode matrix of the clamp subsystem obtained in the step S5, setting modal damping of the clamp subsystem, and determining a transfer function of the clamp subsystem by adopting a matrix inversion mode;
and step S62, setting modal damping of the test piece subsystem according to the natural frequency and the vibration mode matrix of the test piece subsystem obtained in the step S5, and determining the transfer function of the test piece subsystem by adopting a matrix inversion mode.
5. The method for validating and optimizing the fixture based on the vibration test coupling system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step S61 further comprises defining an input point and an output point of a transfer function of the fixture subsystem, and the specific steps are that the large mass point is defined as the input point, and the connection node of the fixture and the test piece is defined as the input point and the output point.
6. The method for validating and optimizing the fixture based on the vibration test coupling system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step S62 further comprises defining an input point and an output point of a transfer function of the test piece subsystem, and the specific step is that a connection node of the test piece and the fixture is defined as the input point and the output point at the same time.
7. The method for validating and optimizing fixture of claim 1, wherein the step S10 further includes a modal contribution analysis before performing the optimization analysis.
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