CN110999772A - Virus-free cutting seedling planting method for potatoes - Google Patents
Virus-free cutting seedling planting method for potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN110999772A CN110999772A CN201911379019.0A CN201911379019A CN110999772A CN 110999772 A CN110999772 A CN 110999772A CN 201911379019 A CN201911379019 A CN 201911379019A CN 110999772 A CN110999772 A CN 110999772A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The application discloses a method for planting virus-free cutting seedlings of potatoes, which at least comprises the following steps: 1) paving a substrate with the thickness of 20cm on a seedbed by using river sand with the particle size of 0.5-1 mm, transplanting the potato virus-free cutting seedlings, and burying root systems of the potato virus-free cutting seedlings into the substrate; 2) covering a plastic film and a sunshade gauze on the transplanted cutting seedlings, after the seedlings are revived for 7-10 days, gradually removing the plastic film after the cutting seedlings grow new roots in the matrix, and removing the sunshade gauze after transplanting for 30-40 days; 3) spraying a water-soluble mixed fertilizer after transplanting for 9-11 days; 4) after the potato growing period, controlling the maximum water holding capacity of the substrate at 75-80%, controlling the growth environment temperature at 17-25 ℃, and performing disease, pest and weed control on the potatoes in the whole growth process. The method uses river sand laid on a seedling bed as a matrix, and submerges the root of the cutting seedling into the matrix layer, thereby effectively reducing virus infection in the growth process of the cutting seedling.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a potato virus-free cutting seedling planting method, and belongs to the technical field of harvesting, selecting, processing and quality detection of novel crops, forage grass and forest tree seeds.
Background
The potato belongs to the solanaceae annual herbaceous plant, tubers of which are edible and are the fourth most important grain crop in the world, and the common propagation method is to select healthy potatoes by utilizing the germination characteristic of the tubers, cut the potatoes into blocks by a knife and plant the potatoes in soil for asexual propagation.
This method of propagation is susceptible to potato degeneration, the main cause of which is the interspecies transmission of viral infections. In order to reduce the interspecific transmission of the tuber viruses, shoot tissues are cultured after the shoot tips are isolated in vitro, and the potato virus-free cutting seedlings are obtained. And subsequently, carrying out virus detection, transplantation and propagation on the cutting seedlings in sequence so as to finish the large-scale planting of the potatoes.
However, in plateau areas such as Yunnan and the like, particularly in areas with an altitude of 2000-2100 m, after the cuttage seedlings are transplanted, the virus recovery rate of the plants is high, and in the existing solution, the virus infection condition of the plants is repeatedly detected after the planting when seedlings emerge, and the infected plants are timely removed according to the detection result. However, the planting method has complicated inspection procedures, is difficult to operate by common farmers, has low production efficiency and is difficult to effectively solve the problem of plant degradation.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the application, the method is used for solving the technical problems that after potato cutting seedlings are transplanted, the toxicity of potatoes needs to be frequently detected, the detection efficiency is low, the detection difficulty is high, accurate results are difficult to obtain for ordinary farmers, the production efficiency is low, and the plant degradation is difficult to completely avoid in the prior art.
The application provides a method for planting virus-free cutting seedlings of potatoes, which at least comprises the following steps:
1) paving a substrate with the thickness of 20cm on a seedbed by using river sand with the particle size of 0.5-1 mm, transplanting the potato virus-free cutting seedlings, and burying root systems of the potato virus-free cutting seedlings into the substrate;
2) covering a plastic film and a sunshade gauze on the transplanted cutting seedlings, after the seedlings are revived for 7-10 days, gradually removing the plastic film after the cutting seedlings grow new roots in the matrix, and removing the sunshade gauze after transplanting for 30-40 days;
3) spraying water-soluble mixed fertilizer 10 days after transplantation;
4) after the potato growing period, controlling the maximum water holding capacity of the substrate to be 75-80%, controlling the temperature of the growth environment to be 17-25 ℃, and performing pest control on the potatoes in the whole growth process.
According to the method, the river sand with the particle size is used as the matrix and is laid on the seedbed, the root system of the transplanted cutting seedling is buried in the matrix layer, the development of the root of the cutting seedling in the early stage of transplantation can be effectively regulated and controlled only by regulating and controlling the water content of the matrix layer of the river sand, the transplantation survival rate is improved, and the death rate is reduced, so that the method is particularly suitable for plateau areas with the altitude of 2000-2100 m. The air humidity of the regions is low, the air mobility of the planting environment is high, the method gives full play to the air permeability of river sand, the humidity requirement is guaranteed, and the requirements of potato cutting seedlings on the connection part of the stems and the roots and the air permeability are met.
By adopting an effective pest control means, the probability of virus infection in the development process of the potatoes after transplantation is reduced.
In the transplanting step, the water content of the matrix is 60-70%.
The seedling height of the potato virus-free cutting seedling is 6-7 cm, and the diameter of a seedling stem is 0.08-0.12 cm.
The planting density of the transplanting step is as follows: 200 to 250 plants per square meter. Avoid too high transplanting density and reduce the transplanting survival rate.
The conditions of the seedling reviving step are as follows: the temperature is 18-22 ℃, and the relative humidity is 90-95%.
Optionally, after the seedling recovering step, after the cutting seedling grows new roots in the substrate, the relative humidity is 60-70%. At the moment, the humidity is reduced, further development of the potatoes can be facilitated, and the influence on the growth of plants due to overhigh humidity is prevented.
Optionally, the step of spraying the water-soluble mixed fertilizer at least comprises: spraying once every 7-10 days.
Optionally, the water-soluble mixed fertilizer is: the composition a or the composition b is composed of 0.2 mass percent of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.4 mass percent of water-soluble fertilizer with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15:15: 15; the composition b comprises 0.2 mass percent of urea solution and 0.4 mass percent of water-soluble fertilizer with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15:15: 15. By adopting the water-soluble mixed fertilizer, the root system development of the potatoes can be promoted, the disease resistance of plants can be improved, the interference of viruses on later-stage cutting seedlings can be avoided, and the degradation rate of secondary generation seed blocks can be effectively ensured to be below 10%.
Optionally, in the step of preventing and controlling diseases, the diseases include: at least one of potato late blight, potato early blight, bacterial wilt, ring rot and black shank; the insect pest includes: aphids or leaf miners.
Optionally, the prevention and control of the potato late blight comprises the following steps:
1) when the plant grows to 30cm, spraying protective bactericide for 3-4 times before continuous rainy days for prevention; the protective bactericide is mancozeb and mandipropamid;
2) if diseased plants appear, pulling out the diseased plants and the seed potatoes with roots, taking the plants out of the shed and burying deeply, spreading lime on disease holes and the periphery for disinfection, and spraying a systemic therapeutic agent for 3-5 times by taking 7-10 days as a spraying interval period; the systemic therapeutic agent is at least one of cymoxanil manganese zinc, dimethomorph, oxacymoxanil manganese zinc and fluopicolide.
Optionally, the prevention and control of potato early blight comprises the following steps:
1) when the bottom leaves of the potato plants have early blight disease spots, at least one of mancozeb, kresoxim-methyl difenoconazole or propineb is sprayed for 3-5 times by taking 7-10 days as a spraying interval period.
Optionally, the control of bacterial wilt, ring rot and black shank comprises the following steps:
pulling out plants which are withered, have more leaf surface lesions and are etiolated, digging out potato blocks left in soil, destroying diseased plants and tubers, and applying agricultural streptomycin with the mass concentration of 72% in diseased plant holes.
Optionally, the control of said aphids and said liriomyza sativae comprises the steps of:
1) and inserting and hanging a mythimna separata yellow plate in the seedbed, and monitoring whether aphids or liriomyza sativae occur or not at any time according to whether aphids or liriomyza sativae occur on the mythimna separata yellow plate or not.
2) Spraying imidacloprid, acetamiprid and deltamethrin for 2-3 times by taking 7-10 days as a spraying interval period to prevent and control the potato field aphids and prevent virus diseases, and mainly spraying the back of plant leaves;
3) and spraying at least one of abamectin, flufenozide and cyromazine for 2-3 times to control the liriomyza at a spraying interval of 5-7 days.
The beneficial effects that this application can produce include:
1) according to the potato virus-free cutting seedling planting method, river sand is laid on a seedling bed to serve as a matrix, roots of cutting seedlings are immersed into the matrix layer, virus infection in the growth process of the cutting seedlings is effectively reduced, and corrosion-resistant virus infection detection is not needed for the cutting seedlings in the subsequent growth process. The method has the advantages that common farmers can transplant the plants in a large area, operation difficulty is reduced, operation efficiency is improved, and the method is particularly suitable for areas with the altitude of 2000-2100 m.
2) According to the potato virus-free cutting seedling planting method, the yield and quality grade of potatoes can be effectively improved, harm caused by pathogen infection and pathogen accumulation is reduced, virus-free sterile seed potatoes are guaranteed to be produced, the oxygen content in a matrix can be effectively improved, the potato bearing amount is increased, and the quality grade of the seed potatoes is improved.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present application is not limited to these examples.
Examples
The materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available.
Example 1
The potato virus-free cutting seedling planting method comprises the following steps:
1 preparation of planting substrate of potato cutting seedlings
River sand with the thickness of 20cm and the grain diameter of 1mm is spread on the seedbed to be used as a substrate. Watering thoroughly, and preparing for planting when the water content reaches 70%.
2 transplanting
2.1 transplanting the robust (height: 7 cm, diameter about 0.1 cm.) potato cutting seedlings which are propagated in the tissue culture room to a warm net shed seedling culture medium on a cloudy day.
2.2 planting 250 plants per square meter. When the cutting is carried out, the root system is fully contacted with the substrate, and water is sprayed in time.
2.3 management of seedling stage
2.4.1 after transplanting cutting seedlings, covering a plastic film and sunshade gauze, gradually removing the film after 10 days of seedling revival, and removing the sunshade gauze after 40 days of transplanting cutting seedlings.
2.4.2 the seedling-recovering conditions are as follows: under the condition of natural illumination, the temperature is controlled at 22 ℃, and the relative humidity is kept at 95 percent through timed atomization treatment.
2.4.3 after the seedling is delayed, the seedling grows new roots. The substrate humidity was maintained at 70%. Spraying water or nutrient solution according to the plant nutrition status, and properly ventilating according to the seedling condition.
After being transplanted for 10 days at 2.4.4, 0.2 percent of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.4 percent of water soluble fertilizer with mass concentration of 15:15:15 (N: P: K element ratio) can be mixed and used as water soluble mixed fertilizer to be sprayed alternately for 10 days.
2.4.5 the temperature and the humidity are adjusted by taking measures of covering a sunshade net, preserving heat, ventilating and the like according to the requirements of different growth stages.
3 management of potato bearing period
3.1 when the stolons begin to expand, the maximum water holding capacity of the matrix is controlled to be about 80 percent, and the temperature is 25 ℃.
3.2 combine fertilization and culture of high substrate.
4 prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds
4.1 the whole production process should be carried out for preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds.
4.2 disease control
4.2.1 late blight of Potato
When the plant grows to 30cm, according to the weather forecast, before the continuous rainy weather comes, the mancozeb or mandipropamid is sprayed for 4 times for prevention.
If a diseased plant is encountered, pulling out the diseased plant and the seed potato together with the root, taking the plant out of the shed and deeply burying the plant, spreading lime on a diseased hole and the periphery for disinfection, and spraying urea and zinc 5 times by taking 10 days as a pesticide spraying interval period; the systemic therapeutic agent is dimethomorph.
4.2.2 early blight of Potato
When the bottom leaves of the potato plants have early blight spots, the mancozeb is sprayed for 3-5 times by taking 7-10 days as a spraying interval period.
4.2.3 bacterial wilt, Ring rot and Black shank
Pulling out plants which are withered, have more leaf surface spots and are yellowed, digging out potato blocks left in soil, destroying diseased plants and tubers, and applying agricultural streptomycin with the mass concentration of 72% in diseased plant holes.
4.3 Pest control
4.3.1 aphids and leaf miners
And (3) inserting and hanging a mythimna separata yellow plate in the seedbed to monitor aphids and liriomyza sativae.
Imidacloprid is alternately sprayed for 3 times to prevent and control the aphids in the potato field and prevent virus diseases, the back of the leaves of the plants is sprayed in a key mode, and the spraying interval period is 10 days.
Abamectin is alternately sprayed for 3 times aiming at liriomyza sativae, and the spraying interval period is 7 days.
4.4 in the period from bud emergence to full bloom of each variety, removing the mixed plants according to the characteristic characteristics of the variety, checking at any time in the whole growth period, and removing the mixed plants of the diseased plants in time.
4.5 removing weeds inside and outside the greenhouse or the net shed.
5 harvesting
5.1 when 80% of the leaves on the ground are yellow, stopping watering and cutting the piles.
5.2 harvesting was started 10 days after cutting the pile.
6 post-harvest commercialization
6.1 the newly harvested seed potatoes are spread and dried in the air under the scattered light until the potato skins are dried and are subjected to cork treatment, and then are packaged.
6.2 during subpackage, the impurities such as defective potatoes, plant residual roots, rotten leaves and the like are removed.
6.3 the original seeds after spreading and drying are respectively put into a nylon bag, a cloth bag and other breathable containers according to the size and the specification. The sweet potatoes are subpackaged according to the weight of less than 1g, 1 g-2 g, 2 g-5 g, 5 g-10 g, 10 g-20 g and more than 20g, and are respectively tied up or labeled internally and externally.
6.4 indicate the name, specification, grain number, harvest date, etc.
6.5. After the original seed is put in storage, gradually reducing the temperature of the seed potato storage warehouse to 2-4 ℃, keeping the relative humidity at 80-85%, and periodically checking.
Example 2
The potato virus-free cutting seedling planting method comprises the following steps:
1 preparation of planting substrate of potato cutting seedlings
River sand with the thickness of 20cm and the grain diameter of 0.5mm is spread on the seedbed to be used as a substrate. Watering thoroughly, and preparing for planting when the water content reaches 60%.
2 transplanting
2.1 transplanting the robust (height: 6cm, diameter about 0.1 cm.) potato cutting seedlings which are propagated in the tissue culture room to a warm net shed seedling culture medium on a cloudy day.
2.2 planting 200 plants per square meter. When the cutting is carried out, the root system is fully contacted with the substrate, and water is sprayed in time.
2.3 management of seedling stage
2.4.1 after transplanting cutting seedlings, covering a plastic film and sunshade gauze, gradually removing the film 7 days after seedling revival, and removing the sunshade gauze 30 days after transplanting the cutting seedlings.
2.4.2 the seedling-recovering conditions are as follows: under the condition of natural illumination, the temperature is controlled at 18 ℃, and the relative humidity is kept at 90 percent through timed atomization treatment.
2.4.3 after the seedling is delayed, the seedling grows new roots. The substrate humidity was maintained at 60%. Spraying water or nutrient solution according to the plant nutrition status, and properly ventilating according to the seedling condition.
2.4.4 after the field planting for 10 days, 0.2 percent of urea solution and 0.4 percent of water-soluble fertilizer with the mass concentration of 15:15:15 (the element ratio of N: P: K) can be mixed to be used as water-soluble mixed fertilizer, and the water-soluble mixed fertilizer is sprayed alternately for 7 days.
2.4.5 the temperature and the humidity are adjusted by taking measures of covering a sunshade net, preserving heat, ventilating and the like according to the requirements of different growth stages.
3 management of potato bearing period
3.1 when the stolons begin to expand, the maximum water holding capacity of the matrix is controlled at 75 percent, and the temperature is 17-DEG C.
3.2 fertilizing and then cultivating high substrate.
4 prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds
4.1 the whole production process should be carried out for preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds.
4.2 disease control
4.2.1 late blight of Potato
When the plant grows to 30cm, according to the weather forecast, before the continuous rainy weather comes, the mancozeb or mandipropamid is sprayed for 3 times for prevention.
If the plants are diseased, removing the diseased plants and the seed potatoes by root connection, taking the plants out of the shed and deeply burying the plants, spreading lime on disease holes and the periphery to sterilize, and meanwhile, using 7 days as a spraying interval period to defy frost and fierce zinc for 3 times; the systemic therapeutic agent is at least one of fluopicolide.
4.2.2 early blight of Potato
When the bottom leaves of the potato plants have early blight disease spots, the kresoxim-methyl difenoconazole is sprayed for 3 times by taking 7 days as a spraying interval period.
4.2.3 bacterial wilt, Ring rot and Black shank
Pulling out plants which are withered, have more leaf surface spots and are yellowed, digging out potato blocks left in soil, destroying diseased plants and tubers, and applying agricultural streptomycin with the mass concentration of 72% in diseased plant holes.
4.3 Pest control
4.3.1 aphids and leaf miners
And (3) inserting and hanging a mythimna separata yellow plate in the seedbed to monitor aphids and liriomyza sativae.
Adopting deltamethrin and other medicaments to be alternately sprayed for 2 times to control the aphids in the potato field and prevent virus diseases, and mainly spraying the back of the plant leaves, wherein the spraying interval is 7 days.
The flufenoxuron is sprayed alternately for 2 times with spraying interval of 5 days.
4.4 in the period from bud emergence to full bloom of each variety, removing the mixed plants according to the characteristic characteristics of the variety, checking at any time in the whole growth period, and removing the mixed plants of the diseased plants in time.
4.5 removing weeds inside and outside the greenhouse or the net shed.
5 harvesting
5.1 when 80% of the leaves on the ground are yellow, stopping watering and cutting the piles.
5.2 harvesting was started 7 days after cutting the stakes.
6 post-harvest commercialization
6.1 the newly harvested seed potatoes are spread and dried in the air under the scattered light until the potato skins are dried and are subjected to cork treatment, and then are packaged.
6.2 during subpackage, the impurities such as defective potatoes, plant residual roots, rotten leaves and the like are removed.
6.3 the original seeds after spreading and drying are respectively put into a nylon bag, a cloth bag and other breathable containers according to the size and the specification. The sweet potatoes are subpackaged according to the weight of less than 1g, 1 g-2 g, 2 g-5 g, 5 g-10 g, 10 g-20 g and more than 20g, and are respectively tied up or labeled internally and externally.
6.4 indicate the name, specification, grain number, harvest date, etc.
6.5. After the original seed is put in storage, gradually reducing the temperature of the seed potato storage warehouse to 2-4 ℃, keeping the relative humidity at 80-85%, and periodically checking.
Example 3
The potato virus-free cutting seedling planting method comprises the following steps:
1 preparation of planting substrate of potato cutting seedlings
River sand with the thickness of 20cm and the grain diameter of 0.6mm is spread on the seedbed to be used as a substrate. Watering thoroughly, and preparing for planting when the water content reaches 65%.
2 transplanting
2.1 transplanting the robust (height: 6.5 cm, diameter about 0.1 cm.) potato cutting seedlings which are propagated in the tissue culture room to a warm net shed seedling culture medium on the cloudy day.
2.2 planting 200-250 plants per square meter. When the cutting is carried out, the root system is fully contacted with the substrate, and water is sprayed in time.
2.3 management of seedling stage
2.4.1 after cutting, covering a plastic film and a sunshade gauze, gradually removing the film after 8 days of seedling revival, and removing the sunshade gauze after 35 days of cutting seedling transplantation.
2.4.2 the seedling-recovering conditions are as follows: under the condition of natural illumination, the temperature is controlled at 20 ℃, and the relative humidity is maintained at 94% by timed atomization treatment.
2.4.3 after the seedling is delayed, the seedling grows new roots. The substrate humidity was maintained at 65%. Spraying water or nutrient solution according to the plant nutrition status, and properly ventilating according to the seedling condition.
2.4.4 after the field planting for 10 days, the fertilizer can be mixed with a water soluble fertilizer with 0.2 percent urea solution and the mass concentration of the water soluble fertilizer is 0.4 percent and the mixture is used as a water soluble mixed fertilizer to be sprayed alternately for 8 days.
2.4.5 the temperature and the humidity are adjusted by taking measures of covering a sunshade net, preserving heat, ventilating and the like according to the requirements of different growth stages.
3 management of potato bearing period
3.1 when the stolons begin to expand, the maximum water holding capacity of the matrix is controlled to be about 75 percent, and the temperature is about 20 ℃.
3.2 combine fertilization and culture of high substrate.
4 prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds
4.1 the whole production process should be carried out for preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds.
4.2 disease control
4.2.1 late blight of Potato
When the plant grows to 30cm, according to the weather forecast, the mancozeb is sprayed for 3 times for prevention before the continuous rainy weather comes.
If a diseased plant is encountered, pulling out the diseased plant and the seed potato together with the root, taking the plant out of the shed and deeply burying the plant, spreading lime on a diseased hole and the periphery for disinfection, and spraying urea and zinc 4 times by taking 8 days as a pesticide spraying interval period; the systemic therapeutic agent is cymoxanil.
4.2.2 early blight of Potato
When the bottom leaves of the potato plants have early blight spots, the propineb is sprayed for 4 times by taking 7-10 days as a spraying interval period.
4.2.3 bacterial wilt, Ring rot and Black shank
Pulling out plants which are withered, have more leaf surface spots and are yellowed, digging out potato blocks left in soil, destroying diseased plants and tubers, and applying agricultural streptomycin with the mass concentration of 72% in diseased plant holes.
4.3 Pest control
4.3.1 aphids and leaf miners
And (3) inserting and hanging a mythimna separata yellow plate in the seedbed to monitor aphids and liriomyza sativae.
Acetamiprid is alternately sprayed for 2-3 times to prevent and control the aphids in the potato field and prevent virus diseases, the back of the plant leaves is mainly sprayed, and the spraying interval period is 7-10 days.
The flufenoxuron is sprayed alternately for 2-3 times with spraying interval of 5-7 days.
4.4 in the period from bud emergence to full bloom of each variety, removing the mixed plants according to the characteristic characteristics of the variety, checking at any time in the whole growth period, and removing the mixed plants of the diseased plants in time.
4.5 removing weeds inside and outside the greenhouse or the net shed.
5 harvesting
5.1 when 80% of the leaves on the ground are yellow, stopping watering and cutting the piles.
5.2 harvesting is started 7-10 days after pile cutting.
6 post-harvest commercialization
6.1 the newly harvested seed potatoes are spread and dried in the air under the scattered light until the potato skins are dried and are subjected to cork treatment, and then are packaged.
6.2 during subpackage, the impurities such as defective potatoes, plant residual roots, rotten leaves and the like are removed.
6.3 the original seeds after spreading and drying are respectively put into a nylon bag, a cloth bag and other breathable containers according to the size and the specification. The sweet potatoes are subpackaged according to the weight of less than 1g, 1 g-2 g, 2 g-5 g, 5 g-10 g, 10 g-20 g and more than 20g, and are respectively tied up or labeled internally and externally.
6.4 indicate the name, specification, grain number, harvest date, etc.
6.5. After the original seed is put in storage, gradually reducing the temperature of the seed potato storage warehouse to 2-4 ℃, keeping the relative humidity at 80-85%, and periodically checking.
In 2018-2019, planting tests are carried out in Hezhen city of Hongden county of Kunming city according to the method disclosed in example 1, 180 cutting seedlings are planted in each cell with the row spacing of 6cm x 10cm, and the area of each cell is 1.08 square meters. Potato cutting seedlings provided by the Yunnan Shanglong potato variety company are used for planting.
The actual number of the bearing potato plants is 167; 551 seed potatoes are harvested in each area, and the average number of the seed potatoes is 3.3.
76.5 percent of seed potatoes with the weight of more than 2.5kg according to classification; the number of the seed potatoes of 2.5-7.2 kg is the most, and the seed potatoes account for 64.5 percent.
The river sand with the particle size is used as a substrate, so that the harmful soaking damage caused by germ soaking and germ accumulation is reduced, the production of the sterilized seed potatoes is ensured, the oxygen content in the substrate can be effectively improved, and the potato yield and the quality grade of the potato are increased.
Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment," "another embodiment," "an embodiment," "a preferred embodiment," or the like, means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment described generally in this application. The appearances of the same phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the scope of the invention to effect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments.
Although the invention has been described herein with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure. More specifically, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the disclosure and claims of this application. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, other uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A potato virus-free cutting seedling planting method is characterized by at least comprising the following steps:
1) paving a substrate with the thickness of 20cm on a seedbed by using river sand with the particle size of 0.5-1 mm, transplanting the potato virus-free cutting seedlings, and burying root systems of the potato virus-free cutting seedlings into the substrate;
2) covering a plastic film and a sunshade gauze on the transplanted cutting seedlings, after the seedlings are revived for 7-10 days, gradually removing the plastic film after the cutting seedlings grow new roots in the matrix, and removing the sunshade gauze after transplanting for 30-40 days;
3) spraying a water-soluble mixed fertilizer after transplanting for 9-11 days;
4) after the potato growing period, controlling the maximum water holding capacity of the substrate at 75-80%, controlling the growth environment temperature at 17-25 ℃, and performing disease, pest and weed control on the potatoes in the whole growth process.
2. The method for planting potato virus-free cutting seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the transplanting step, the water content of the matrix is 60-70%.
3. The method for planting the potato virus-free cutting seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the height of the potato virus-free cutting seedlings is 6-7 cm, and the diameter of the seedling stems is 0.08-0.12 cm.
4. The method of planting potato virus-free cutting seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the planting density of the transplanting step is: 200 to 250 plants per square meter.
5. The method for planting potato virus-free cutting seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the conditions of the seedling reviving step are as follows: the temperature is 18-22 ℃, and the relative humidity is 90-95%;
preferably, after the seedling recovering step, the relative humidity of the cutting seedling is 60-70% after a new root grows in the substrate.
6. The method for planting potato virus-free cutting seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the step of spraying a water-soluble mixed fertilizer at least comprises: spraying once every 7-10 days.
7. The method for planting potato virus-free cutting seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble mixed fertilizer is: the combination a or the combination b is combined,
the composition a consists of 0.2 mass percent of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.4 mass percent of water-soluble fertilizer with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15:15: 15;
the composition b comprises 0.2 mass percent of urea solution and 0.4 mass percent of water-soluble fertilizer with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 15:15: 15.
8. The method for planting potato virus-free cutting seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step of pest control, the diseases comprise: at least one of potato late blight, potato early blight, bacterial wilt, ring rot and black shank; the insect pest includes: aphids or leaf miners.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the control of potato late blight comprises the steps of:
1) when the plant grows to 30cm, spraying protective bactericide for 3-4 times before continuous rainy days for prevention; the protective bactericide is mancozeb and mandipropamid;
2) if diseased plants appear, pulling out the diseased plants and the seed potatoes with roots, taking the plants out of the shed and burying deeply, spreading lime on disease holes and the periphery for disinfection, and spraying a systemic therapeutic agent for 3-5 times by taking 7-10 days as a spraying interval period; the systemic therapeutic agent is at least one of cymoxanil manganese zinc, dimethomorph, oxacymoxanil manganese zinc and fluopicolide;
preferably, the prevention and control of the potato early blight comprises the following steps:
1) when the bottom leaves of the potato plants have early blight disease spots, at least one of mancozeb, kresoxim-methyl difenoconazole or propineb is sprayed for 3-5 times by taking 7-10 days as a spraying interval period.
Preferably, the control of bacterial wilt, ring rot and black shank comprises the following steps:
pulling out plants which are withered, have more leaf surface lesions and are etiolated, digging out potato blocks left in soil, destroying diseased plants and tubers, and applying agricultural streptomycin with the mass concentration of 72% in diseased plant holes.
10. The method of planting potato virus-free cutting seedlings according to claim 8, wherein the control of aphids and liriomyza sativae comprises the steps of:
1) and inserting and hanging a mythimna separata yellow plate in the seedbed, and monitoring whether aphids or liriomyza sativae occur or not at any time according to whether aphids or liriomyza sativae occur on the mythimna separata yellow plate or not.
2) Spraying imidacloprid, acetamiprid and deltamethrin for 2-3 times by taking 7-10 days as a spraying interval period to prevent and control the potato field aphids and prevent virus diseases, and mainly spraying the back of plant leaves;
3) and spraying at least one of abamectin, flufenozide and cyromazine for 2-3 times to control the liriomyza at a spraying interval of 5-7 days.
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| CN113994804A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-02-01 | 恩平市农业技术推广服务中心 | Potato balanced fertilization expert system is made in winter based on target output |
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