CN110980944A - Culture method of anaerobic granular sludge - Google Patents
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
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- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for culturing anaerobic granular sludge, which comprises the following steps: step 1, inoculating sludge into an anaerobic reactor, and adding humus soil; step 2, starting the stirring device, injecting organic wastewater to be treated, and controlling the water inflow of the organic wastewater to be treated to enable the organic load of the anaerobic reactor to be 1-2 kg COD/m3D; step 3, when the COD removal rate stably reaches more than 60%, gradually increasing the water inflow of the organic wastewater to be treated until the organic load reaches and is kept at 5-8 kg of COD/m3D, the reactor reaches a stable operation stage, and the anaerobic granular sludge is obtained after the reactor is stably operated for a period of time; in the steps 2-3, the temperature of the reactor is maintained at 35-38 ℃, and the pH value is 6.5-7.2. The invention adopts humus as an additive, does not damage the anaerobic environment in the reactor, does not cause waste along with water loss, and has low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological treatment of wastewater, in particular to a culture method of anaerobic granular sludge.
Background
The anaerobic biological treatment technology has the advantages of low energy consumption, high load, less sludge production, capability of recycling methane energy and the like, and is widely applied to the field of wastewater treatment. One of the conditions for ensuring the effect of anaerobic biological treatment is to maintain a sludge concentration which is reflected to be higher. The anaerobic granular sludge is a complex microbial community consisting of methanogens, acetogens, hydrolytic ferments and the like, and is in a gray or brown spherical or ellipsoidal shape. The sludge granulation process is a spontaneous immobilization process of microorganisms. The coagulation effect of the anaerobic granular sludge enables dispersed thalli to be adsorbed together, and the sedimentation velocity and specific methanogenesis activity are higher. The good settleability of the granular sludge ensures that the anaerobic sludge is retained in the reactor to the maximum extent, thereby improving the volume load and the hydraulic load of the anaerobic reactor and improving the treatment capacity of the reactor. The sludge is inoculated in a newly-built anaerobic reactor, so that the initial organic load rate of the reactor is gradually increased to the designed load, and granular sludge with good activity and good settling property is formed, and the process is the starting of the anaerobic reactor.
The common method for anaerobic granular sludge is to add granular sludge and add common accelerants for accelerating sludge granulation, such as lime powder, active carbon and the like. The lime powder is added by adding Ca2+The anaerobic sludge granulation process is strengthened, but the amount of lime powder must be strictly controlled, and the excessive calcium concentration can change the original pH value in the reactor, destroy the anaerobic environment in the reactor and reduce the specific activity of bacteria in the granular sludge.
Comparison document 1: the application number is 'CN 201210010270.1', the name is 'a method for rapidly culturing anaerobic granular sludge', and discloses a method for rapidly culturing anaerobic granular sludge, which comprises the steps of firstly adding activated carbon into an anaerobic reactor, performing closed circulation for 1-2h, then adding cationic polyacrylamide into the reactor, uniformly stirring the mixture, then adding organic wastewater into the reactor, controlling the temperature and the pH value in the reactor, gradually increasing the organic load of sewage, reducing the hydraulic retention time, and finally stabilizing the COD value to be 13000-17000 mg/L. The comparison document adopts the activated carbon particles to promote the formation of anaerobic granular sludge, has no influence on the pH value, cannot cause inhibition effect on anaerobic digestion, but is easy to cause waste along with water loss, and the price of the activated carbon is higher, thereby increasing the operation cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for culturing anaerobic granular sludge, which adopts humus as an additive, does not destroy the anaerobic environment in a reactor, does not cause waste along with water loss, has low cost, belongs to waste resource utilization, conforms to the current major trend of resource recycling and has a plurality of sources.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention aims to provide a culture method of anaerobic granular sludge, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, inoculating sludge into an anaerobic reactor, and adding humus soil;
step 2, starting the stirring device, injecting organic wastewater to be treated, and controlling the water inflow of the organic wastewater to be treated to enable the organic load of the anaerobic reactor to be 1-2 kg COD/m3·d；
Step 3, when the COD removal rate stably reaches more than 60%, gradually increasing the water inflow of the organic wastewater to be treated until the organic load reaches and is kept at 5-8 kg of COD/m3D, the reactor reaches a stable operation stage, and the anaerobic granular sludge is obtained after the reactor is stably operated for a period of time;
in the steps 2-3, the temperature of the reactor is maintained at 35-38 ℃, and the pH value is 6.5-7.2.
Preferably, the humus soil in the step 1 has a water content of 30-40% and an organic matter content of 30-32%.
Preferably, the water content of the inoculated sludge in the step 1 is 60-80%.
Preferably, the mass (kg) of the sludge in the step 1 is the effective volume (m) of the anaerobic reactor3) 30% to 50% (i.e. 100 m)330-50 kg of sludge is added into an anaerobic reactor with an effective volume); the mass ratio of the humus soil to the inoculated sludge is controlled to be 1: 8～12。
Preferably, the stirring power of the stirring device in the step 2 is 3-5W/m3The rotation speed is 10 to 20 r/min. The humus soil and the sludge in the anaerobic reactor are stirred, so that microorganisms can be fully attached to the humus soil, and a certain ascending flow rate and external stirring have a good effect on the growth of the microorganisms.
Preferably, the step 3 of gradually increasing the water inflow of the organic wastewater to be treated comprises the following specific steps:
s1, when the COD removal rate is stabilized to be more than 60%, the water inflow of the organic wastewater to be treated is increased for the first time, and after the COD removal rate is stabilized, the water inflow of the organic wastewater to be treated is increased for the second time until the organic load of the anaerobic reactor reaches 3-6 kg COD/m3·d；
S2, when the COD removal rate is stable to be more than 80%, increasing the water inflow of the organic wastewater to be treated for the third time until the organic load reaches and is kept at 5-8 kg of COD/m3D, the reactor reaches a stable operation stage, and the anaerobic granular sludge is obtained after the reactor is stably operated for a period of time.
Preferably, when the water inflow of the organic wastewater to be treated is increased for the first time, the volume of the water inflow is 120% of the volume of the water inflow in the starting stage.
Preferably, when the water inflow of the organic wastewater to be treated is increased for the second time in S1, the increased water inflow volume is 150% of the water inflow volume in the starting stage.
Preferably, when the water inflow of the organic wastewater to be treated is increased for the third time in S2, the increased water inflow volume is 180% of the water inflow volume in the starting stage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. according to the method for culturing the anaerobic granular sludge, humus soil is added in the step 1, the humus soil is loose and porous, the adsorbability is strong, microorganisms can be adsorbed and grow, a small amount of minerals and trace elements can be replaced by organic ions in sewage in a plasma mode, the minerals and the trace elements are required by the growth of the microorganisms, and the growth speed of the microorganisms is improved. Mechanical stirring and load control are carried out in the step 2 and the step 3, so that certain ascending flow speed and airflow stirring are beneficial to forming the granular sludge in the anaerobic granular sludge forming process.
2. The method for culturing the anaerobic granular sludge, which is provided by the invention, adopts humus soil, and has the following advantages:
the porous and loose structure of the humus soil enables the humus soil to have larger adsorption capacity, can adsorb metal ions and activated sludge particles in the anaerobic reactor, provides space for the adsorption growth of microorganisms, is beneficial to the growth of the microorganisms and the formation of granular sludge, increases the sludge particle size and improves the sedimentation performance of the activated sludge.
The humus soil contains various microorganisms, and also contains organic carbon, mineral substances and metal elements. After the humus soil is added into the anaerobic reactor, the diversity of microorganisms in the granular sludge can be increased, nutrition is provided for the growth of the microorganisms, and the microbial activity and stability of the granular sludge are enhanced.
The humus soil has wide source, easily obtained raw materials and low cost, belongs to waste resource utilization, and has certain environmental protection effect.
3. The mechanism of formation of granular sludge is: the anaerobic granular sludge has high density and high settling speed, and can keep the sludge concentration in the anaerobic reactor at a higher level; the long-term detention of the granular sludge can shorten the hydraulic retention time and improve the treatment efficiency of the reactor; after the granular sludge is formed, hydrolytic fermentation bacteria and acid-producing bacteria which are concentrated on the surface layer of the granules provide a protective layer for methanogenic bacteria which are concentrated in the granules, so that the oxidation-reduction potential is maintained at a lower level, the growth of the methanogenic bacteria is more facilitated, the capacities of temperature change, pH value change and harmful substances of the sludge are improved, and the impact load resistance is also improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting thereof. The specific techniques or conditions not mentioned in the examples are all performed according to the literature in the field or the conventional technical means in the field.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a culture method of anaerobic granular sludge, which comprises the following steps:
1. adding carrier and inoculating sludge
Adding humus soil with the water content of 35 percent and the organic matter content of 31 percent and inoculated sludge containing rich intergrowth bacterial populations into an anaerobic reactor, wherein the water content of the inoculated sludge is 70 percent, and the mass ratio of the humus soil to the inoculated sludge is controlled to be 1: 10, the mass (mass kg) of the sludge is the effective volume (m) of the anaerobic reactor3) 40% of the total.
2. Starting phase
Starting the mechanical stirring equipment of the anaerobic reactor, and setting the stirring power at 3-5W/m3And the rotating speed is 15 r/min. At the initial stage of starting, injecting organic wastewater to be treated, and controlling the water inflow of the organic wastewater to be treated to ensure that the organic load of the anaerobic reactor is 1.5kgCOD/m3D to maintain good bacterial growth conditions, favoring the formation of granular sludge. Maintaining the temperature of the reactor at 35-38 ℃, controlling and adjusting the organic load of the inlet water by the removal rate of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), increasing the water inflow to 120% of the water inflow at the start when the removal rate of COD is stabilized to be more than 60%, and continuously increasing the water inflow to 125% of the current water inflow according to a proportion after the removal rate of COD is stabilized (the second increase of 25% is to increase the water inflow on the basis of the current water inlet volume, which is equivalent to about 150% of the water inflow at the start, namely 120% multiplied by 125%, the same applies below), wherein the organic load of the anaerobic reactor reaches 3-6 kgCOD/m3·d。
3. Phase of operation
Continuously maintaining the temperature of the reactor at 35-38 ℃, the pH value at 6.5-7.2, increasing the water inflow to 125% of the current water inflow when the COD removal rate stably reaches more than 80% (the third increase of 25% still increases the water inflow to 25% on the basis of the current water inflow volume, namely increases the water inflow to about 180% of the water inflow at the start, namely 120% multiplied by 125%,the same below), the organic load is increased until 5-8 kg COD/m is reached3D, the reactor reaches a steady operation phase. In the stage, the operation parameters such as PH value, temperature, organic load and the like are strictly controlled, the anaerobic reactor is stably operated for 3 months, the COD removal rate of the anaerobic reactor is stable (more than 80 percent), the phenomena such as acidification and the like are avoided, the gas production rate and the components are stable, and the operation is normal. And observing the condition of anaerobic granular sludge in the anaerobic reactor to gradually form mature granular sludge.
Through analysis, the anaerobic granular sludge is successfully prepared, the anaerobic granular sludge mainly takes the type of methane bacteria, simultaneously has a small amount of filamentous bacteria and bacilli, and has the appearance diameter of 2-3 mm.
The obtained anaerobic granular sludge is used for treating the wastewater discharged by a paper mill, wherein the removal rate of COD in the wastewater is 85.5 percent, and the anaerobic granular sludge has a certain adsorption effect on heavy metals in the wastewater.
Example 2 to example 5
Examples 2 to 5 the same procedures as in example 1 were conducted except that the humus soil was different in water content and organic matter content, and the details are shown in Table 1.
Example 6-example 7
Examples 6-7 the procedure of example 1 was repeated except that the reaction temperature was changed, as shown in Table 3.
Example 8-example 9
Examples 8-9 example 1 was repeated except that the reaction pH was changed, as shown in Table 5.
Example 10 to example 11
Examples 10 to 11 the same procedures as in example 1 were conducted except that the water content and the amount of the sludge added were changed, and the details are shown in Table 7.
Example 12 example 13
Examples 12 to 13 the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the humus soil/seed sludge mass ratio was changed, as shown in Table 9.
Example 14-example 17
Examples 14-example 17 the procedure of example 1 was followed, except that the load control was varied, as shown in Table 11.
Comparative examples 1 to 6
Comparative examples 1 to 6 the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the humus soil contained different amounts of water and organic matter, and the details are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 7
This comparative example provides a method for culturing anaerobic granular sludge, which is the same as that of example 1 except that the humus soil is replaced with activated carbon.
Comparative examples 8 to 9
Comparative examples 8 to 9 the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the reaction temperature was changed, as shown in Table 3.
Comparative examples 10 to 11
Comparative example 10 to comparative example 11 the procedure of example 1 was repeated except that the reaction pH was changed, as shown in Table 5.
Comparative examples 12 to 13
Comparative example 12 to comparative example 13 the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the water content and the addition amount of the sludge were changed, and the details are shown in Table 7.
Comparative examples 14 to 15
Comparative example 14-comparative example 15 the procedure of example 1 was repeated except that the ratio of humus to inoculated sludge was varied, and the details are shown in Table 9.
Comparative examples 16 to 20
Comparative example 16-comparative example 20 the procedure of example 1 was repeated except that the load control was changed, as shown in Table 11.
Experimental example 1
Firstly, the influence of different humus and the adoption of active carbon on the particle size of anaerobic granular sludge and the removal rate of COD.
TABLE 1
Statistics on the particle size of the anaerobic granular sludge in examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 7, and the COD removal rate of the wastewater discharged from the paper mill treated with the prepared anaerobic granular sludge are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
As is clear from Table 2, the anaerobic granular sludge obtained by the culture method of the anaerobic granular sludge according to examples 1 to 3 of the present invention has a larger particle size and a better settling property of the activated sludge than the comparative example. The COD removal rate of the wastewater discharged by the paper mill treated by the prepared anaerobic granular sludge is obviously increased. The conclusion shows that the humus soil with the water content of 30-40% and the organic matter content of 30-32% is beneficial to forming granular sludge and improving the removal rate of COD (chemical oxygen demand) of the wastewater.
Second, influence of reaction temperature
TABLE 3
Statistics of the particle size of the anaerobic granular sludge in examples 1, 6 to 7 and comparative examples 8 to 9, and the COD removal rate of the wastewater discharged from the paper mill treated with the prepared anaerobic granular sludge are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4
As is clear from Table 4, the anaerobic granular sludge obtained by the culture method of the anaerobic granular sludge according to examples 1 to 3 of the present invention has a larger particle size and a better settling property of the activated sludge than the comparative example. The COD removal rate of the wastewater discharged by the paper mill treated by the prepared anaerobic granular sludge is obviously increased. The temperature is 35-38 ℃, the formation of granular sludge is facilitated, the COD removal rate of the wastewater is improved, and the preferred temperature is 36.5 ℃.
Third, influence of reaction pH
TABLE 5
Statistics of the particle sizes of the anaerobic granular sludge in examples 1, 8 to 9 and comparative examples 10 to 11, and the COD removal rates of the wastewaters discharged from paper mills treated with the obtained anaerobic granular sludge are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6
The sum indicates that the pH value is 6.5-7.2, which is beneficial to the formation of granular sludge and the improvement of the COD removal rate of wastewater, and the pH value is preferably 6.8.
Fourth, selection of sludge
TABLE 7
Statistics of the particle size of the anaerobic granular sludge in examples 1, 10 to 11 and comparative examples 12 to 13, and the COD removal rate of the wastewater discharged from the paper mill treated with the prepared anaerobic granular sludge are shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8
In conclusion, the water content of the inoculated sludge is 60-80%; the mass (kg) of the sludge is the effective volume (m) of the anaerobic reactor3) 30% to 50% (i.e. 100 m)330-50 kg of sludge is added into the anaerobic reactor with effective volume), the formation of granular sludge is facilitated, and the removal rate of COD (chemical oxygen demand) in the wastewater is improved.
Fifthly, the mass ratio of humus to inoculated sludge
TABLE 9
Statistics of the particle size of the anaerobic granular sludge in examples 1, 12 to 13 and comparative examples 14 to 15, and the COD removal rate of the wastewater discharged from the paper mill treated with the prepared anaerobic granular sludge are shown in Table 10.
Watch 10
In conclusion, the mass ratio of the humus soil to the inoculated sludge is controlled to be 1: 8-12 hours, be favorable to the formation to granular sludge and improve the COD clearance to the waste water.
Control of organic load
TABLE 11
Statistics of the particle size of the anaerobic granular sludge in example 1, examples 14 to 17 and comparative examples 16 to 20, and the COD removal rate of the wastewater discharged from the paper mill treated with the prepared anaerobic granular sludge are shown in Table 12.
TABLE 12
In conclusion, the present invention has shown that the phased control of the load (as follows) is beneficial for the formation of granular sludge and for the increase of the COD removal rate of the wastewater.
The first stage is as follows: starting the stirring device, injecting organic wastewater to be treated, and controlling the water inflow of the organic wastewater to be treated to enable the organic load of the anaerobic reactor to be 1-2 kg COD/m3·d；
And a second stage: when the COD removal rate is stabilized to be more than 60%, the water inflow of the organic wastewater to be treated is increased for the first time, and after the COD removal rate is stabilized, the water inflow of the organic wastewater to be treated is increased for the second time until the organic load of the anaerobic reactor reaches 3-6 kg COD/m3·d；
And a third stage: when the COD removal rate stably reaches more than 80%, the water inflow of the organic wastewater to be treated is increased for the third time until the organic load reaches and is kept at 5-8 kg of COD/m3D, the reactor reaches a stable operation stage, and the anaerobic granular sludge is obtained after the reactor is stably operated for a period of time.
The invention is not to be considered as limited to the particular embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. A method for culturing anaerobic granular sludge, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, inoculating sludge into an anaerobic reactor, and adding humus soil;
step 2, starting the stirring device, injecting organic wastewater to be treated, and controlling the water inflow of the organic wastewater to be treated to enable the organic load of the anaerobic reactor to be 1-2 kg COD/m3·d；
Step 3, when the COD removal rate stably reaches more than 60%, gradually increasing the water inflow of the organic wastewater to be treated until the organic load reaches and is kept at 5-8 kg of COD/m3D, the reactor reaches a stable operation stage, and the anaerobic granular sludge is obtained after the reactor is stably operated for a period of time;
in the steps 2-3, the temperature of the reactor is maintained at 35-38 ℃, and the pH value is 6.5-7.2.
2. The method for culturing anaerobic granular sludge according to claim 1, wherein the humus soil in the step 1 has a water content of 30% to 40% and an organic matter content of 30% to 32%.
3. The method for cultivating anaerobic granular sludge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water content of the inoculated sludge in the step 1 is 60% to 80%.
4. The method for culturing anaerobic granular sludge according to claim 1, wherein the mass of the sludge in the step 1 is 30 to 50 percent of the effective volume of the anaerobic reactor; the mass ratio of the humus soil to the inoculated sludge is controlled to be 1: 8 to 12.
5. The method for culturing anaerobic granular sludge according to claim 1, wherein the stirring power of the stirring device in the step 2 is 3 to 5W/m3The rotation speed is 10 to 20 r/min.
6. The method for culturing anaerobic granular sludge according to claim 1, wherein the step 3 of gradually increasing the water inflow of the organic wastewater to be treated comprises the following specific steps:
s1, when the COD removal rate is stabilized to be more than 60%, the water inflow of the organic wastewater to be treated is increased for the first time, and after the COD removal rate is stabilized, the water inflow of the organic wastewater to be treated is increased for the second time until the organic load of the anaerobic reactor reaches 3-6 kg COD/m3·d；
S2, when the COD removal rate is stable to be more than 80%, increasing the water inflow of the organic wastewater to be treated for the third time until the organic load reaches and is kept at 5-8 kg of COD/m3D, the reactor reaches a stable operation stage, and the anaerobic granular sludge is obtained after the reactor is stably operated for a period of time.
7. The method for cultivating anaerobic granular sludge as claimed in claim 6, wherein the water inflow volume after the first increase of the water inflow volume of the organic wastewater to be treated in S1 is 120% of the water inflow volume in the start-up stage.
8. The method for cultivating anaerobic granular sludge as claimed in claim 6, wherein the water inflow volume after the second increase of the water inflow volume of the organic wastewater to be treated in S1 is 150% of the water inflow volume in the start-up stage.
9. The method for cultivating anaerobic granular sludge as claimed in claim 6, wherein when the water inflow of the organic wastewater to be treated is increased for the third time in S2, the increased water inflow volume is 180% of the water inflow volume in the start-up stage.
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