CN110965979A - Deep combustion and explosion fracturing method in radial slim hole - Google Patents
Deep combustion and explosion fracturing method in radial slim hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN110965979A CN110965979A CN201911019177.5A CN201911019177A CN110965979A CN 110965979 A CN110965979 A CN 110965979A CN 201911019177 A CN201911019177 A CN 201911019177A CN 110965979 A CN110965979 A CN 110965979A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/263—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures using explosives
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/261—Separate steps of (1) cementing, plugging or consolidating and (2) fracturing or attacking the formation
Abstract
The invention relates to a deep combustion explosion fracturing method in a radial slim hole, belonging to the technical field of combustion explosion fracturing. The pressure initiator descending method comprises an initiator type design and a pressure sensitivity design. And the pump injection stage comprises the design of the dosage of the emulsion explosive, the design of the type of the displacement liquid and the design of pump injection pressure. The invention has reasonable design, convenient construction and simple operation, can realize the laying and controllable ignition of gunpowder in the deep part of the slim hole and realize the deflagration fracturing in the slim hole.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an explosive fracturing process for deep parts in radial slim holes in fracturing reformation of oil and natural gas reservoirs, and belongs to the technical field of explosive fracturing.
Background
With the development of the petroleum industry in China, the yield of most oil and gas fields is obviously reduced in the middle and later production stages. The explosion and combustion fracturing technology is a simple and effective method for improving the stratum permeability by virtue of the advantages of simple construction, low cost and the like. However, the effective range of the existing blasting fracturing construction is limited to the near wellbore zone, the permeability of the stratum in the far wellbore zone cannot be effectively improved, and the method has certain limitation. The hydraulic fracturing and acidizing technology can increase the extension length of the fracture, but the development effect is not ideal due to high requirements on construction sites, various technical limitations and the failure of effectively improving the permeability of the near-wellbore-periphery formation caused by the formed fracture. Although the lateral drilling slim hole technology can improve the seepage field of the peripheral stratum of the near well zone, the seepage resistance around the slim hole is still very large, and the development and utilization efficiency of the slim hole is low.
The existing common blasting fracturing technology can only realize blasting of explosive in a shaft, and fracturing can be realized by transferring energy to a well wall through liquid through perforation holes. This type of technique does not allow for the delivery of explosives into radially slim holes.
The invention relates to a technology for blasting and fracturing a radial slim hole deep part by conveying solid explosive through a hose, and a certain reservoir production increasing effect can be achieved. The technical construction section of the invention is a horizontal section of 100-1000 meters, and solid gunpowder needs to be conveyed to the lower part of a target reservoir layer in the construction process, so that the construction workload is increased, and the reservoir layer of a near wellbore zone with concentrated pressure drop cannot be effectively transformed.
The technical invention of using liquid explosive and timing primer to implement blasting in side-measuring well drilling exists at present, but the fluidity of the liquid explosive is too high, the viscosity is relatively low, and the section plug type filling in a slim hole cannot be realized. And the liquid explosive is unstable, is easy to be mixed with liquid in a shaft, is easy to generate percolation in a slim hole, and has high requirements on construction operation.
In conclusion, the emulsion explosive can be used as a blasting agent to realize deep blasting fracturing in the radial slim hole, and the short plates of the two methods can be effectively avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a deep combustion explosion fracturing method in a radial slim hole, which is characterized in that after a slim hole is drilled by utilizing a side drilling slim hole technology or a high-pressure water jet technology, emulsion explosive is pumped into the slim hole, and the emulsion explosive in the slim hole is detonated by a pressure initiator to generate strong shock waves and high-energy gas, thereby improving the yield of the slim hole, and simultaneously ensuring the safety of construction and the protection of oil and a casing pipe.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a deep combustion and explosion fracturing method in a radial slim hole suitable for fracturing transformation of an oil-gas reservoir comprises the following steps:
1. a pressure initiator is put into the shaft sleeve to plug the tubing shoe; setting the detonation pressure of a pressure detonator according to the pumping pressure of emulsion explosive used for construction, wherein the selection of the pressure detonator takes the construction environments such as construction layer temperature, pressure and the like into consideration;
2. a packer is put in, and an upper oil sleeve annular space and a lower oil sleeve annular space of an oil pipe window of the radial slim hole of the construction target are sealed; the detonator is not required to be put in the oil extraction pipe after the explosive is pumped, so that the construction process is simple;
3. pumping the isolation liquid by a ground pump set, pumping the isolation liquid, cleaning impurities in the oil pipe, replacing the original liquid in the oil pipe, and filling the oil pipe shoe with the isolation liquid to the oil pipe window of the radial slim hole;
4. the low-pressure pump injection of the ground emulsion explosive pump injection equipment pumps the emulsion explosive into the oil pipe;
5. the displacement liquid pumping equipment pumps the displacement liquid into the oil pipe by a low-pressure pump, and the emulsion explosive in the oil pipe is completely displaced into the small well;
6. removing the packer which is put in the step 2, lifting an oil pipe, and lifting a pressure detonator at an oil pipe shoe to the height of an oil pipe window of the radial slim hole filled with the emulsion explosive;
7. setting a packer in the annular space of the oil sleeve, and sealing the annular space of the oil sleeve on and off the oil pipe window of the radial slim hole;
8. and continuously pumping the displacement liquid into the oil pipe by the ground displacement liquid pumping equipment, detonating the pressure detonator at the lower end part of the oil pipe, and further detonating the emulsion explosive in the slim hole.
Preferably, in the step 2, the upper packer and the lower packer are respectively seated in an oil sleeve annular space which is 0.8-1.2 m away from the upper part and the lower part of the oil pipe window of the radial slim hole.
Further preferably, in step 2, the distance between the upper packer and the lower packer and the oil pipe window of the radial slim hole is 1 m.
Preferably, the pressure of the spacer fluid pumped in the step 3 and the pressure of the displacement fluid pumped in the step 5 are both smaller than the set value of the pressure initiator. The pressure initiator is already seated at the tubing shoe, and the pressure of the spacer fluid and the displacing fluid needs to be controlled by attention to avoid igniting the pressure initiator.
Preferably, the sum of the pressure of the spacer fluid pumped in the step 3 and the pressure of the fluid column of the oil pipe is less than the pressure of the pressure initiator by 4-5 MPa.
Preferably, in the step 5, the sum of the pressure of the displacement fluid injected by the pump and the pressure of the fluid column of the oil pipe is less than the pressure of the pressure initiator by 3-4 MPa.
Preferably, in the step 3, the using amount of the spacer fluid is 1-1.05 times of the volume of the oil pipe from the oil pipe shoe to the oil pipe window section of the radial slim hole.
Preferably, in the step 3, the density of the isolation liquid is 1.85-2.00 g/cm3. The spacer fluid is selected according to the sensitivity of the construction stratum, the sensitivity of emulsion explosive and the sensitivity of oil pipes, and can be a drilling fluid with higher density, but is not limited to the above.
Preferably, in the step 4, the injection amount of the emulsion explosive is 1.0-1.1 times of the volume of the shaft of the construction target slim hole.
Preferably, in the step 4, the sum of the pumping pressure of the emulsion explosive and the liquid column pressure of the oil pipe is 4-5 MPa less than the pressure of the pressure initiator.
Preferably, in the step 5, the using amount of the displacement fluid is 1.0-1.1 times of the volume of the oil pipe from the well mouth to the window section of the radial slim-hole oil pipe.
Preferably, in step 5, the density of the displacement fluid is less than 1.05g/cm3。
The performance and the dosage of the emulsion explosive in the process are determined according to the reservoir characteristics of the target slim hole and the size of the slim hole. The usage of the spacer fluid and the displacing fluid is determined according to the size of the oil pipe and the length of the construction section.
And (4) determining the displacement liquid according to the sensitivity of the emulsion explosive and the sensitivity of the oil pipe, wherein the displacement liquid in the step (8) and the displacement liquid in the step (5) are the same displacement liquid.
The blasting technology of the common well cannot be applied to blasting and fracturing in a small well hole and cannot deliver explosive to a construction section. The deep combustion, detonation and fracturing technology in the slim hole can effectively solve the problems. The method comprises the steps of forming a radial small borehole with a certain length and a certain cross section area in a stratum by utilizing a sidetrack small borehole, pressing emulsion explosive into the small borehole and conveying the emulsion explosive to the deep part of the stratum, lifting a detonator to a window of the small borehole, detonating the detonator on the premise of not damaging a shaft and a casing, igniting the emulsion explosive in the small borehole, and forming an explosion fracturing process in a well section of the small borehole. Explosion-induced fractures in slim-hole wellbores have three main aspects: on the first hand, the shock wave generated by explosion can crush the rock on the wall surface of the small well bore to generate a certain amount of micro cracks, and meanwhile, the rock debris generated by explosion can support the cracks, so that a propping agent does not need to be pumped; in the second aspect, the micro-cracks generated by the impact of high-energy gas generated by explosion are expanded and extended, and a mutually communicated crack network is formed near the small well shaft, so that the small well shaft and the continuous crack are effectively communicated, the seepage area of an oil layer is enlarged, the fluid flow type of a near well zone is changed, and the seepage resistance is reduced; high-temperature gas generated by explosion in the third aspect can generate a corrosion effect on rocks in a small borehole near well zone, and a seepage field in the small borehole near well zone is improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the slim hole is small in diameter and low in drilling cost, and belongs to a production increasing measure, the side drilling slim hole technology can achieve the production increasing measure and improve the seepage characteristic of a reservoir layer, but the slim hole is small in seepage area, so that in order to improve the production increasing efficiency of the side drilling slim hole, the deep combustion explosion fracturing process in the radial slim hole is designed and invented, the flowing type of surrounding fluid is improved through combustion explosion fracturing, and the stratum seepage resistance can be effectively reduced. According to the invention, on the side drilling slim hole technology, the blasting fracturing and the drilling technology are combined, a rock breaking zone is formed in the stratum near the slim hole, and the nearby seepage resistance is improved. And the fracturing reformation of the radial inner deep part of the reservoir is realized.
2. The method uses the emulsion explosive as the blasting agent for blasting and fracturing, the emulsion explosive is put into a radial small borehole in a ground pumping mode, the deep detonation fracturing of small-size holes (realized by sidetracking small boreholes or high-pressure water jet, the length is generally less than 200m) is realized, the emulsion explosive has the liquidity, viscosity and solid elasticity, the percolation effect is basically avoided in the small boreholes, the emulsion explosive is basically not mixed and interacted with fluid in the wells, the cleaning work before pumping the explosive is not needed, the operation is easy, the method is safe and convenient, the even and stable explosive spreading and holding at the deep parts in the small boreholes can be realized in the pumping process, and the better fracturing effect is realized compared with other explosives. The specific construction environment requirement is met by changing the dispensing proportion of the emulsion explosive on site, and the emulsion explosive has a better environment-friendly effect and is simple and safe to construct compared with a solid explosive.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a construction flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a target well in a radial slim hole during deep blasting fracturing process construction.
FIG. 3 is a structural plan view of the deep blasting fracturing process in the radial slim hole of the target well during construction.
FIG. 4 is a structural plan view of the target well after the deep combustion and explosion fracturing process is constructed in the radial slim hole.
Wherein: 1. a wellbore casing; 2. an oil pipe; 3. a packer; 4. artificial well bottom; 5. displacing the liquid; 6. a spacer fluid; 7. a formation rock mass; 8. a pressure detonator; 9. an emulsion explosive; 10. cracks generated by combustion and explosion fracturing; 11. natural fractures.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described by way of examples, but not limited thereto, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
a deep combustion and explosion fracturing method in a radial slim hole suitable for fracturing transformation of an oil-gas reservoir is disclosed, as shown in figures 1 and 2, an emulsion explosive pumping mode is adopted to pump a combustion and explosion system into a target slim hole well section, and the method comprises the following steps:
And 2, setting a packer down, and packing an upper oil sleeve annular space and a lower oil sleeve annular space of the oil pipe window of the radial slim hole of the construction target, wherein the distance between the upper packer and the lower packer and the oil pipe window of the radial slim hole is 1 m.
And 3, pumping and injecting the spacer fluid by a ground pump set. The pump is filled with the spacer fluid, so that impurities in the oil pipe can be cleaned, and the emulsion explosive is prevented from being polluted. Meanwhile, the spacer fluid is injected into the oil pipe shoe to the oil pipe window of the radial slim hole, so that emulsion explosive can be prevented from being deposited at the oil pipe window, and the waste of the explosive is avoided. The spacer fluid is selected according to stratum sensitization and construction gunpowder sensitization. The using amount of the isolation liquid is 1-1.05 times of the volume of an oil pipe from an oil pipe shoe to an oil pipe window section of the radial slim hole, and the sum of the pumping pressure of the isolation liquid and the liquid column pressure of the oil pipe is less than 5MPa of the pressure initiator.
And 4, pumping emulsion explosive into the oil pipe by using ground emulsion explosive pumping equipment, wherein the pumping amount of the emulsion explosive is 1.0-1.1 times of the shaft volume of the construction target slim hole. The sum of the pump injection pressure of the emulsion explosive and the liquid column pressure of the oil pipe is less than the pressure of the pressure initiator by 5 MPa.
And 5, pumping the displacement liquid into the oil pipe by the ground displacement liquid pumping equipment. And the displacement fluid completely displaces the emulsion explosive in the oil pipe into the target small borehole. The using amount of the displacement liquid is 1.0-1.1 times of the volume of the oil pipe from the well mouth to the window section of the oil pipe of the radial slim hole, and the displacement liquid is sensitized and selected according to the emulsion explosive. The sum of the pumping pressure of the displacement fluid and the fluid column pressure of the oil pipe is less than the pressure of the pressure initiator by 4 MPa.
And 6, removing the packer which is put in the step 2, lifting an oil pipe, and lifting the pressure detonator at the oil pipe shoe to the height of the oil pipe window of the radial slim hole filled with the emulsion explosive, so that the initiator can successfully detonate the emulsion explosive in the slim hole.
And 7, setting a packer in the annular space of the oil sleeve, and sealing the annular space of the oil sleeve on and off the oil pipe window of the radial slim hole to seal the oil pipe space into an independent space system.
And 8, continuously pumping the displacement liquid into the oil pipe by the ground displacement liquid pumping equipment, detonating the pressure detonator at the lower end part of the oil pipe, and further detonating the emulsion explosive in the slim hole.
In this embodiment, the basic parameters of the target well are detailed in table 1:
TABLE 1 target well base data
According to the geometric dimension parameters of the radial slim hole, the volume V of the slim hole is calculated to be 75 multiplied by 3.14 multiplied by 0.022252m3=0.1193m3。
According to the aggregate size of the oil pipe, the lower depth of the shaft and the burial depth of the radial slim hole, the oil pipe volume from the oil outlet pipe shoe to the window section of the oil pipe of the radial slim hole can be calculated
V=3.14×0.04432×(1715.2-1600)m3=0.7099m3。
The oil pipe from the well mouth to the window section of the radial slim-hole oil pipe has the volume of
V=3.14×0.04432×1600m3=9.8595m3
In this embodiment, the emulsion explosive is spread throughout the radial slim hole. And (3) calculating the dosage V of the emulsion explosive by 1.1 times according to the dosage of the emulsion explosive which is 1.0-1.1 times of the volume of the small borehole in the construction section and the calculation of the dosage V of the emulsion explosiveGunpowder=0.1193×1.1m3=0.13123m3. The emulsion explosive selected at this time is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 66.5 to 84.4 percent of ammonium nitrate, 1.5 to 9.8 percent of sodium nitrate, 0.6 to 2.0 percent of urea, 7.0 to 11.4 percent of water, 3.6 to 3.9 percent of oil phase material, 2.2 to 3.6 percent of ionic liquid flame retardant and 0.6 to 2.7 percent of water-in-oil emulsifier.
In this example, the density is 2.0g/cm3The drilling fluid is used as an isolation fluid, and the isolation section plug fills the volume from the tubing shoe to the tubing at the sidetrack window section. According to the volume of the spacer fluid which is 1.0-1.05 times of the volume of the oil pipe from the oil pipe shoe to the sidetrack window section, 1 is selected for calculationA factor 05. The usage V of the isolation liquid is calculatedSpacer fluid=0.70989×1.05m3=0.7454m3。
In the embodiment, a hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solution with high viscosity is used as a displacement fluid, and the displacement fluid displaces the emulsion explosive in the oil pipe to the construction slim hole well section. And according to the fact that the using amount of the displacement liquid is 1.0-1.1 times of the volume of the oil pipe from the oil pipe head to the sidetracking window section, calculating and selecting 1.1 times. Estimating the amount of displacement fluid VDisplacing liquid=9.8595×1.1m3=10.8455m3。
In this embodiment, a shear pin type pressure initiator is selected, and the initiation pressure is 28 MPa. During actual use, the components and the dosage of the spacer fluid, the emulsion explosive and the displacing fluid can be correspondingly adjusted according to requirements. The schematic structure diagram in the blasting construction process is shown in fig. 3, and the schematic structure diagram after the blasting construction process is shown in fig. 4, so that the yield increasing drilling of the radial slim hole can be realized.
Example 2:
the deep blasting fracturing method in the radial slim hole suitable for fracturing transformation of the oil-gas layer comprises the steps of embodiment 1, except that in the step 2, the distance from an upper packer to a window of an oil pipe of the radial slim hole is 0.8 m.
Example 3:
the deep blasting fracturing method in the radial slim hole suitable for fracturing transformation of the oil-gas layer comprises the steps of embodiment 1, wherein in the step 2, the distance from an upper packer to a window of an oil pipe of the radial slim hole is 1.2 m.
Example 4:
the deep combustion explosion fracturing method in the radial slim hole suitable for fracturing transformation of the hydrocarbon reservoir comprises the steps of embodiment 1, wherein in the step 3, the using amount of an isolation liquid is 1 time of the volume of an oil pipe from an oil pipe shoe to an oil pipe window section of the radial slim hole, and the sum of the pumping pressure of the isolation liquid and the liquid column pressure of the oil pipe is less than the pressure of a pressure initiator by 4 MPa.
Example 5:
the deep combustion explosion fracturing method in the radial slim hole suitable for the fracturing reformation of the oil-gas layer comprises the steps of 1, wherein in the step 4, the injection amount of an emulsion explosive pump is 1.0 time of the shaft volume of the construction target slim hole. The sum of the pump injection pressure of the emulsion explosive and the liquid column pressure of the oil pipe is less than the pressure of the pressure initiator by 4 MPa.
Example 6:
the deep combustion explosion fracturing method in the radial slim hole suitable for fracturing transformation of the oil-gas layer comprises the steps of 1, wherein in the step 5, the using amount of a displacement fluid is 1.0 time of the volume of an oil pipe from a wellhead to a window section of the oil pipe of the radial slim hole, and the displacement fluid is sensitized and selected according to emulsion explosives. The sum of the pumping pressure of the displacement fluid and the pressure of the fluid column of the oil pipe is less than the pressure of the pressure initiator by 3 MPa.
Claims (10)
1. A deep combustion and explosion fracturing method in a radial slim hole is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1. a pressure initiator is put into the shaft sleeve to plug the tubing shoe; setting the detonation pressure of a pressure detonator according to the pumping pressure of emulsion explosive used for construction;
2. a packer is put in, and an upper oil sleeve annular space and a lower oil sleeve annular space of an oil pipe window of the radial slim hole of the construction target are sealed;
3. pumping the isolation liquid by a ground pump set, pumping the isolation liquid, cleaning impurities in the oil pipe, and filling the oil pipe shoes with the isolation liquid to the oil pipe window of the radial slim hole;
4. pumping emulsion explosive into an oil pipe by ground emulsion explosive pumping equipment;
5. the displacement liquid pumping equipment pumps displacement liquid into the oil pipe to completely displace the emulsion explosive in the oil pipe into the small borehole;
6. removing the packer which is put in the step 2, lifting an oil pipe, and lifting a pressure detonator at an oil pipe shoe to the height of an oil pipe window of the radial slim hole filled with the emulsion explosive;
7. setting a packer in the annular space of the oil sleeve, and sealing the annular space of the oil sleeve on and off the oil pipe window of the radial slim hole;
8. and continuously pumping the displacement liquid into the oil pipe by the ground displacement liquid pumping equipment, detonating the pressure detonator at the lower end part of the oil pipe, and further detonating the emulsion explosive in the slim hole.
2. The deep combustion and explosion fracturing method in the radial slim hole according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the upper packer and the lower packer are respectively seated in an oil jacket annular space which is 0.8-1.2 m above and below the oil pipe window of the radial slim hole.
3. The deep combustion and explosion fracturing method in the radial slim hole according to claim 2, wherein in the step 2, the distance between the upper packer and the lower packer and the oil pipe window of the radial slim hole is 1 m.
4. The deep combustion and explosion fracturing method in the radial slim hole according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of the spacer fluid pumped in the step 3 and the pressure of the displacing fluid pumped in the step 5 are both less than the set value of the pressure initiator.
5. The deep combustion explosion fracturing method in the radial slim hole according to claim 4, wherein the sum of the pressure of the pumped isolation fluid and the pressure of the oil pipe liquid column in the step 3 is less than the pressure of the pressure initiator by 4-5 MPa.
6. The deep combustion explosion fracturing method in the radial slim hole according to claim 4, wherein the sum of the pressure of the displacement fluid pumped in the step 5 and the pressure of the fluid column of the oil pipe is less than the pressure of the pressure initiator by 3-4 MPa.
7. The deep combustion and explosion fracturing method in the radial slim hole according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the dosage of the spacer fluid is 1-1.05 times of the volume of the tubing from the tubing shoe to the window section of the tubing of the radial slim hole;
preferably, in the step 3, the density of the isolation liquid is 1.85-2.00 g/cm3。
8. The deep combustion and explosion fracturing method in the radial slim hole according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the injection amount of the emulsion explosive is 1.0 to 1.1 times of the wellbore volume of the construction target slim hole.
9. The deep combustion explosion fracturing method in the radial slim hole according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the sum of the pumping pressure of the emulsion explosive and the liquid column pressure of the oil pipe is less than the pressure of the pressure initiator by 4-5 MPa.
10. The deep combustion and explosion fracturing method in the radial slim hole according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the amount of the displacement fluid is 1.0-1.1 times of the volume of an oil pipe from a wellhead to a window section of the oil pipe of the radial slim hole;
preferably, in step 5, the density of the displacement fluid is less than 1.05g/cm3。
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CN114278270A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2022-04-05 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Methane in-situ control combustion-explosion fracturing method and device |
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