CN110956607B - Method and device for testing ultimate signal-to-noise ratio and stability of ultimate signal-to-noise ratio - Google Patents
Method and device for testing ultimate signal-to-noise ratio and stability of ultimate signal-to-noise ratio Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention relates to a method and a device for testing ultimate signal-to-noise ratio and stability of the ultimate signal-to-noise ratio. The method comprises the following steps: calling image acquisition equipment, and continuously acquiring a preset number of first images according to a preset frame rate; calling image acquisition equipment, and continuously acquiring a preset number of second images according to a preset frame rate; processing the first image and the second image according to a preset algorithm to obtain an intermediate image, and calculating the intermediate image according to a mode of (a previous frame intermediate image-a next frame intermediate image)/(the previous frame intermediate image + the next frame intermediate image) to obtain a third image; selecting a preset area image in the third image, and calculating a standard deviation; processing the standard deviation according to a preset rule to obtain a limit signal-to-noise ratio; and calculating the relation between the limit signal-to-noise ratio and the image superposition frame number, and determining the stability of the limit signal-to-noise ratio. The device can measure the signal-to-noise ratio without a uniform light source, is small and portable, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of remote sensing imaging, in particular to a method and a device for testing limit signal-to-noise ratio and stability of the limit signal-to-noise ratio.
Background
In the technical field of remote sensing imaging, the signal-to-noise ratio and the stability of data are one of important indexes for measuring the working performance of equipment.
For solar observations, and particularly for polarization (user acquisition of solar field) observations, to obtain very weak signals, the signal-to-noise ratio is typically around 6667. Such devices typically achieve the high signal-to-noise ratio described above by superimposing multiple frames of images. On one hand, the detector collects a single-frame sun image, and on the other hand, multi-frame image superposition (data collection system) is realized in a software or hardware mode. Considering the redundant design of the detector and the data acquisition processing system, the signal-to-noise ratio is usually multiplied by about 2 times, that is, the ultimate signal-to-noise ratio that needs to be achieved by the detector and the data acquisition system is about 13000.
At present, factors influencing the limiting signal-to-noise ratio of a detector and a data acquisition and processing system mainly comprise two types: one is the signal-to-noise ratio and the stability of single-frame acquisition of the detector; the other type is additional noise (such as crosstalk of different channel intensities of a detector) caused by a data acquisition and processing system and stability thereof, and the influence of the two factors on the limit signal-to-noise ratio is reduced as much as possible, so that the limit signal-to-noise ratio can be reached in the shortest time. Therefore, a simple technical scheme is urgently needed, and the limit signal-to-noise ratio and the stability thereof can be measured in a laboratory stage.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, in order to solve the above technical problems or some technical problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a method and an apparatus for testing a limiting signal-to-noise ratio and a limiting signal-to-noise ratio stability.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for testing an ultimate signal-to-noise ratio and stability of the ultimate signal-to-noise ratio, where the method includes:
calling image acquisition equipment to continuously acquire a preset number of first images according to a preset frame rate and a preset exposure time and a preset gain;
calling image acquisition equipment to continuously acquire a preset number of second images according to a preset frame rate and a preset exposure time and gain;
processing the first image and the second image according to a preset algorithm to obtain a third image;
selecting a preset area image in the third image, and calculating a standard deviation;
processing the standard deviation according to a preset rule to obtain a limit signal-to-noise ratio;
and calculating the relation between the limit signal-to-noise ratio and the image superposition frame number, and determining the stability of the limit signal-to-noise ratio.
In a possible embodiment, the processing the first image and the second image according to a preset algorithm to obtain a third image includes:
subtracting the second image from the first image to obtain an intermediate image;
for the intermediate image, calculating to obtain a third image according to a preset formula, wherein the front frame intermediate image and the rear frame intermediate image form a group;
the preset formula is as follows:
(previous frame intermediate image-next frame intermediate image)/(previous frame intermediate image + next frame intermediate image).
In a possible embodiment, the processing the standard deviation according to a preset rule to obtain a limit signal-to-noise ratio includes:
and calculating the reciprocal of the standard deviation, wherein the reciprocal is the limiting signal-to-noise ratio.
In one possible embodiment, the second image is a dark-field image.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for testing an ultimate signal-to-noise ratio and an ultimate signal-to-noise ratio stability, where the method includes:
calling image acquisition equipment to continuously acquire a preset number of first images and second images according to a preset image acquisition rule;
grouping the preset number of first images, and overlapping each group of first images to obtain a third image; grouping the second images of the preset number, and overlapping each group of the second images to obtain a fourth image;
processing the third image and the fourth image according to a preset algorithm to obtain a fifth image;
selecting a preset area image in the fifth image, and calculating a standard deviation;
processing the standard deviation according to a preset rule to obtain a limit signal-to-noise ratio;
and calculating the relation between the limit signal-to-noise ratio and the image superposition frame number, and determining the stability of the limit signal-to-noise ratio.
In a possible implementation manner, the processing the third image and the fourth image according to a preset algorithm to obtain a fifth image includes:
calculating the third image and the fourth image according to a preset formula to obtain a fifth image;
the preset formula is as follows:
(third image-fourth image)/(third image + fourth image).
In a possible embodiment, the processing the standard deviation according to a preset rule to obtain a limit signal-to-noise ratio includes:
and calculating the reciprocal of the standard deviation, wherein the reciprocal is the limiting signal-to-noise ratio.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for testing ultimate signal-to-noise ratio and ultimate signal-to-noise ratio stability, where the device includes:
the first image acquisition module is used for calling the image acquisition equipment to continuously acquire a preset number of first images according to a preset frame rate and a preset exposure time and gain;
the second image acquisition module is used for calling the image acquisition equipment to continuously acquire a preset number of second images according to a preset frame rate and a preset exposure time and gain;
the image processing module is used for processing the first image and the second image according to a preset algorithm to obtain a third image;
the standard deviation calculation module is used for selecting a preset area image in the third image and calculating a standard deviation;
the standard deviation processing module is used for processing the standard deviation according to a preset rule to obtain a limit signal-to-noise ratio;
and the stability determining module is used for calculating the relation between the limit signal-to-noise ratio and the image superposition frame number and determining the stability of the limit signal-to-noise ratio.
In one possible implementation, the image processing module is specifically configured to:
subtracting the second image from the first image to obtain an intermediate image;
for the intermediate image, calculating to obtain a third image according to a preset formula, wherein the front frame intermediate image and the rear frame intermediate image form a group;
the preset formula is as follows:
(previous frame intermediate image-next frame intermediate image)/(previous frame intermediate image + next frame intermediate image).
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for testing ultimate signal-to-noise ratio and ultimate signal-to-noise ratio stability, where the device includes:
the image acquisition module is used for calling image acquisition equipment to continuously acquire a preset number of first images and second images according to a preset image acquisition rule;
the image superposition module is used for grouping the first images with the preset number, and superposing each group of the first images to obtain a third image; grouping the second images of the preset number, and overlapping each group of the second images to obtain a fourth image;
the image processing module is used for processing the third image and the fourth image according to a preset algorithm to obtain a fifth image;
the standard deviation calculation module is used for selecting a preset area image in the fifth image and calculating a standard deviation;
the standard deviation processing module is used for processing the standard deviation according to a preset rule to obtain a limit signal-to-noise ratio;
and the stability determining module is used for calculating the relation between the limit signal-to-noise ratio and the image superposition frame number and determining the stability of the limit signal-to-noise ratio.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the image acquisition equipment is called to continuously acquire the first images with preset number according to the preset frame rate and the preset exposure time and gain; calling image acquisition equipment to continuously acquire a preset number of second images according to a preset frame rate and a preset exposure time and gain; processing the first image and the second image according to a preset algorithm to obtain a third image; selecting a preset area image in the third image, and calculating a standard deviation; processing the standard deviation according to a preset rule to obtain a limit signal-to-noise ratio; and calculating the relation between the limit signal-to-noise ratio and the image superposition frame number, and determining the stability of the limit signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, the limit signal-to-noise ratio and the stability thereof can be measured in a laboratory stage, and the limit signal-to-noise ratio can be reached in the shortest time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings
FIG. 1 is a light source system of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for testing the limiting SNR and the stability of the limiting SNR according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of limiting signal-to-noise ratio stability of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is another flow chart of the testing method for limiting SNR and stability according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another limiting SNR stability of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a testing apparatus for limiting SNR and stability according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is another schematic structural diagram of the testing apparatus for limiting snr and stability according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
For the convenience of understanding the embodiments of the present invention, the following detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a set of light source system provided by the embodiment of the present invention is provided, wherein the light source: integrating sphere, LED lamp plus scattering piece (frosted glass opal glass holographic or engineering scattering piece etc.), diaphragm position: between the light source and the detector, a clear edge image is formed in front of the detector. A detector: the device can be a CCD detector or a CMOS detector, and the stability test is more effective for the COMS with multi-channel fast reading.
The light source system provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
1. different from a common signal-to-noise ratio test which needs a uniform light source system, the method for processing data does not need a uniform light source;
2. the light source is matched with various diaphragms, such as circular or square diaphragms, so that the crosstalk of signal-noise with different channel intensities in the multi-frame superposition process of the data acquisition and processing system can be measured, and the crosstalk of the intensity in the reading process of the detector can also be measured;
3. the requirement on uniformity is low, so the measuring device has small volume and is portable;
4. the processing method is simple and easy, and the time-varying noise of the detector and the data acquisition electronics system can be monitored;
5. the test coverage is wide, and the signal-to-noise ratio, the stability and the strength crosstalk among different channels of a system level after the detector and the data acquisition subsystem are integrated can be tested.
In the light source system, there are the following technical elements:
1. the uniformity requirement of the light of the integrating sphere on the target surface of the detector is smaller than that of the detector flat field measurement by one order of magnitude, for example, the uniformity requirement of the detector flat field measurement is usually more than 99%, and the uniformity requirement at the position is more than 90%.
2. How can the signal-to-noise ratio be estimated when the uniformity is greater than 90%? Typically the signal-to-noise ratio is evaluated with a uniform area light source:
by this formula: v = (odd frame-even frame)/(odd frame + even frame) eliminates the influence of light source nonuniformity, and the odd frame and the even frame satisfy the adjacency condition.
The basic formula: each frame of image O observed by the detector can be regarded as the inhomogeneity f multiplied by the uniform light source s; the non-uniformity f may refer to non-uniformity from the detector or the light source.
O = fxs; substituting into the above formula
V＝(O1-O2)/(O1+O2)＝fx(S1-S2)/[fx(s1+s2)]＝(s1-s2)/(s1+s2)
The effect of detector or light source non-uniformity can be eliminated by the above process. The signal-to-noise ratio evaluated by V is similar to that of a uniform light source.
3. The V SNR estimate is consistent with the two frame superimposed SNR estimate:
derivation of a formula:
V＝(O1-O2)/(O1+O2)
supposing that the noise of O1 is delta a and the noise of O2 is delta b in the measurement process, because the light source stability is very high, O1 is approximately equal to O2, and delta a is approximately equal to delta b;
utilize onFormula (I) is obtained according to an error transfer formula
Substituting O1 and delta a to O2 and delta b to obtain
ΔV^2≈(1/〖2O1〗^2)^2×Δa^2+((-1)/〖2O1〗^2)^2×Δa^2
≈1/2×(Δa/O1)^2
Therefore, the temperature of the molten steel is controlled,
for definition of O1 signal-to-noise ratio: SNRO = O1/Δ a; definition of V signal-to-noise ratio: SNRV =1/Δ v;
can obtain the product
That is, the snr calculated according to the above equation is consistent with the snr of the two frame stack. The advantage of the above equation is that for non-uniform light sources, the RMS of the local area can be used to represent the noise, expanding the applicable conditions.
Based on the light source system and the technical elements in the light source system, the following method for testing the limit signal-to-noise ratio and the stability of the limit signal-to-noise ratio is provided, as shown in fig. 2, the method may specifically include the following steps:
s201, calling an image acquisition device to continuously acquire a preset number of first images according to a preset frame rate and a preset exposure time and a preset gain;
in the light source system, after the light source is stabilized, proper exposure time and gain are set, the detector works in a half-full-well state, and the image acquisition equipment is called to continuously acquire a preset number of first images according to a preset frame rate and preset exposure time and gain.
For example, the camera continuously acquires 20000 frames of images at a set frame rate, and windowing acquisition and storage can be performed, so that the data volume is reduced.
S202, calling image acquisition equipment to continuously acquire a preset number of second images according to a preset frame rate and a preset exposure time and gain;
and calling image acquisition equipment to continuously acquire a preset number of second images according to a preset frame rate and a preset exposure time and a preset gain, wherein the second images are dark-field images.
For example, the camera continuously acquires 20000 frames of dark field images with the same exposure time at a set frame rate.
S205, processing the first image and the second image according to a preset algorithm to obtain a third image;
processing the first image and the second image according to a preset algorithm to obtain a third image, specifically:
subtracting the second image from the first image to obtain an intermediate image;
for the intermediate image, calculating to obtain a third image according to a preset formula, wherein the front frame intermediate image and the rear frame intermediate image form a group;
the preset formula is as follows:
(previous frame intermediate image-next frame intermediate image)/(previous frame intermediate image + next frame intermediate image).
For example, subtracting each frame of dark field image from each frame of first image to obtain an intermediate image, and calculating two frames of data as a group for the intermediate image according to the following formula to obtain a V (third image);
v = (previous frame-next frame)/(previous frame + next frame);
and analogy is carried out, V of 1-10000 groups of superposed frames (10000x2 =20000 frames) is calculated respectively, and corresponding data are stored.
S204, selecting a preset area image in the third image, and calculating a standard deviation;
and selecting a preset area image for the third image, and calculating the standard deviation. For example, for V calculated by superimposing frame numbers for different groups, 400 × 400 regions are respectively selected to calculate the standard deviation.
S205, processing the standard deviation according to a preset rule to obtain a limit signal-to-noise ratio;
processing the standard deviation according to a preset rule to obtain a limit signal-to-noise ratio, which specifically comprises the following steps:
and calculating the reciprocal of the standard deviation, wherein the reciprocal is the limiting signal-to-noise ratio. For example, the inverse of the standard deviation is the signal-to-noise ratio SNR, which is referred to in the technical element above.
S206, calculating the relation between the limit signal-to-noise ratio and the image superposition frame number, and determining the stability of the limit signal-to-noise ratio.
For the limit signal-to-noise ratio, the relation between the limit signal-to-noise ratio and the image superposition frame number can be calculated, and therefore the stability of the limit signal-to-noise ratio can be determined.
For example, the relation between the SNR and the superposition frame number is calculated, and the stability of the limit SNR is determined and drawn as shown in FIG. 3.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the preset number of first images are continuously acquired according to the preset frame rate by calling the image acquisition equipment for the preset exposure time and gain; calling image acquisition equipment to continuously acquire a preset number of second images according to a preset frame rate and a preset exposure time and gain; processing the first image and the second image according to a preset algorithm to obtain a third image; selecting a preset area image in the third image, and calculating a standard deviation; processing the standard deviation according to a preset rule to obtain a limit signal-to-noise ratio; and calculating the relation between the limit signal-to-noise ratio and the image superposition frame number, and determining the stability of the limit signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, the limit signal-to-noise ratio and the stability thereof can be measured in a laboratory stage, and the limit signal-to-noise ratio can be reached in the shortest time.
Based on the light source system and the technical elements in the light source system, another method for testing the limit signal-to-noise ratio and the stability of the limit signal-to-noise ratio is provided, as shown in fig. 4, the method may specifically include the following steps:
s401, calling image acquisition equipment to continuously acquire a preset number of first images and second images according to a preset image acquisition rule;
s402, grouping the first images in the preset number, and superposing each group of the first images to obtain a third image; grouping the second images of the preset number, and overlapping each group of the second images to obtain a fourth image;
in the light source system, after a light source is stabilized, proper exposure time and gain are set, the detector works in a half-full-well state, and image acquisition equipment is called to continuously acquire a preset number of first images and second images according to a preset image acquisition rule.
Grouping the preset number of first images, and overlapping each group of first images to obtain a third image; and grouping the second images of the preset number, and superposing each group of the second images to obtain a fourth image.
For example, stokes V observation, without polarization modulation, superimposes 256 frames left-handed (i.e. superimposes each group of first images to obtain a third image), superimposes 256 frames right-handed (superimposes each group of second images to obtain a fourth image), repeats 30 times (to obtain 30 groups of third images and 30 groups of fourth images), 256 × 30 is a preset number of first images, 256 × 30 is a preset number of second images, and continuously acquires dark-field images of the same exposure time at a set frame rate.
S403, processing the third image and the fourth image according to a preset algorithm to obtain a fifth image;
processing the third image and the fourth image according to a preset algorithm to obtain a fifth image, which specifically comprises:
calculating the third image and the fourth image according to a preset formula to obtain a fifth image;
the preset formula is as follows:
(third image-fourth image)/(third image + fourth image).
For example, left-hand and right-hand data are read, and 256 frames of left-hand and right-hand data are superposed to calculate a Stokes V signal according to the following formula;
v = (left-right)/(left + right);
according to the formula, the Stokes V signals of 30 groups of left-handed images and 30 groups of right-handed images are respectively calculated.
S404, selecting a preset area image in the fifth image, and calculating a standard deviation;
and selecting a preset area image for the fifth image, and calculating the standard deviation. For example, a 400x400 area is selected for calculating the standard deviation.
S405, processing the standard deviation according to a preset rule to obtain a limit signal-to-noise ratio;
processing the standard deviation according to a preset rule to obtain a limit signal-to-noise ratio, which specifically comprises the following steps:
and calculating the reciprocal of the standard deviation, wherein the reciprocal is the limiting signal-to-noise ratio. For example, the inverse of the standard deviation is the signal-to-noise ratio SNR.
S406, calculating the relation between the limit signal-to-noise ratio and the image superposition frame number, and determining the stability of the limit signal-to-noise ratio.
And calculating the relation between the limit signal-to-noise ratio and the image superposition frame number, and determining the stability of the limit signal-to-noise ratio. For example, the relation between the SNR and the number of the left-handed superimposed frames 256xn is calculated, and the stability of the limiting SNR is determined and plotted, as shown in FIG. 5.
Relative to the above method embodiment, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for testing a limit signal-to-noise ratio and a limit signal-to-noise ratio stability, as shown in fig. 6, where the device may include: a first image acquisition module 610, a second image acquisition module 620, an image processing module 630, a standard deviation calculation module 640, a standard deviation processing module 650, and a stability determination module 660.
The first image acquisition module 610 is configured to invoke an image acquisition device to continuously acquire a preset number of first images at a preset exposure time and a preset gain according to a preset frame rate;
a second image collecting module 620, configured to call an image collecting device to continuously collect a preset number of second images at a preset frame rate with a preset exposure time and a preset gain;
an image processing module 630, configured to process the first image and the second image according to a preset algorithm to obtain a third image;
a standard deviation calculating module 640, configured to select a preset area image in the third image and calculate a standard deviation;
a standard deviation processing module 650, configured to process the standard deviation according to a preset rule to obtain a limit signal-to-noise ratio;
and the stability determining module 660 is configured to calculate a relationship between the limit signal-to-noise ratio and the image stacking frame number, and determine the stability of the limit signal-to-noise ratio.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the image processing module 630 is specifically configured to:
subtracting the second image from the first image to obtain an intermediate image;
for the intermediate image, calculating to obtain a third image according to a preset formula, wherein the front frame intermediate image and the rear frame intermediate image form a group;
the preset formula is as follows:
(previous frame intermediate image-next frame intermediate image)/(previous frame intermediate image + next frame intermediate image).
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for testing an ultimate signal-to-noise ratio and an ultimate signal-to-noise ratio stability, as shown in fig. 7, the device may include: an image acquisition module 710, an image superposition module 720, an image processing module 730, a standard deviation calculation module 740, a standard deviation processing module 750, and a stability determination module 760.
The image acquisition module 710 is configured to invoke an image acquisition device to continuously acquire a preset number of first images and second images according to a preset image acquisition rule;
the image overlapping module 720 is configured to group the preset number of first images, and overlap each group of first images to obtain a third image; grouping the second images of the preset number, and overlapping each group of the second images to obtain a fourth image;
the image processing module 730 is configured to process the third image and the fourth image according to a preset algorithm to obtain a fifth image;
a standard deviation calculation module 740, configured to select a preset area image in the fifth image, and calculate a standard deviation;
the standard deviation processing module 750 is configured to process the standard deviation according to a preset rule to obtain a limit signal-to-noise ratio;
and the stability determining module 760 is configured to calculate a relationship between the limit signal-to-noise ratio and the image stacking frame number, and determine stability of the limit signal-to-noise ratio.
The implementation process of the functions and actions of each module in the above device is detailed in the implementation process of the corresponding steps in the above method, and is not described herein again.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative components and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality in order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied in hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of the two. A software module may reside in Random Access Memory (RAM), memory, read Only Memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for testing ultimate signal-to-noise ratio and stability of ultimate signal-to-noise ratio is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
calling image acquisition equipment to continuously acquire a preset number of first images according to a preset frame rate and a preset exposure time and gain;
calling image acquisition equipment to continuously acquire a preset number of second images according to a preset frame rate and a preset exposure time and a preset gain;
processing the first image and the second image according to a preset algorithm to obtain a third image; the method comprises the following steps:
subtracting the second image from the first image to obtain an intermediate image;
for the intermediate image, calculating to obtain a third image according to a preset formula, wherein the front frame and the rear frame of the intermediate image form a group;
the preset formula is as follows:
(previous frame intermediate image-next frame intermediate image)/(previous frame intermediate image + next frame intermediate image);
selecting a preset area image in the third image, and calculating a standard deviation;
processing the standard deviation according to a preset rule, and calculating the reciprocal of the standard deviation, wherein the reciprocal is a limit signal-to-noise ratio;
and calculating the relation between the limit signal-to-noise ratio and the image superposition frame number, determining the stability of the limit signal-to-noise ratio, realizing the measurement of the limit signal-to-noise ratio and the stability thereof in a laboratory stage, and achieving the limit signal-to-noise ratio in the shortest time.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the second image is a dark-field image.
3. A method for testing ultimate signal-to-noise ratio and ultimate signal-to-noise ratio stability is characterized by comprising the following steps:
calling image acquisition equipment to continuously acquire a preset number of first images and second images according to a preset image acquisition rule;
grouping the preset number of first images, and overlapping each group of first images to obtain a third image; grouping the second images in the preset number, and overlapping each group of the second images to obtain a fourth image;
processing the third image and the fourth image according to a preset algorithm to obtain a fifth image; the method comprises the following steps:
calculating the third image and the fourth image according to a preset formula to obtain a fifth image;
the preset formula is as follows:
(third image-fourth image)/(third image + fourth image)
Selecting a preset area image in the fifth image, calculating a standard deviation, and calculating the reciprocal of the standard deviation, wherein the reciprocal is a limit signal-to-noise ratio;
processing the standard deviation according to a preset rule to obtain a limit signal-to-noise ratio;
and calculating the relation between the limit signal-to-noise ratio and the image superposition frame number, and determining the stability of the limit signal-to-noise ratio.
4. An apparatus for testing ultimate signal-to-noise ratio and ultimate signal-to-noise ratio stability, the apparatus comprising:
the first image acquisition module is used for calling the image acquisition equipment to continuously acquire a preset number of first images according to a preset frame rate and a preset exposure time and gain;
the second image acquisition module is used for calling the image acquisition equipment to continuously acquire a preset number of second images according to a preset frame rate and a preset exposure time and gain;
the image processing module is used for processing the first image and the second image according to a preset algorithm to obtain a third image;
the standard deviation calculation module is used for selecting a preset area image in the third image and calculating a standard deviation;
the standard deviation processing module is used for processing the standard deviation according to a preset rule to obtain a limit signal-to-noise ratio, namely calculating the reciprocal of the standard deviation, wherein the reciprocal is the limit signal-to-noise ratio;
the stability determining module is used for calculating the relation between the limit signal-to-noise ratio and the image superposition frame number and determining the stability of the limit signal-to-noise ratio;
the image processing module is specifically configured to:
subtracting the second image from the first image to obtain an intermediate image;
for the intermediate image, calculating to obtain a third image according to a preset formula, wherein the front frame intermediate image and the rear frame intermediate image form a group;
the preset formula is as follows:
(previous frame intermediate image-next frame intermediate image)/(previous frame intermediate image + next frame intermediate image).
5. An apparatus for testing ultimate signal-to-noise ratio and ultimate signal-to-noise ratio stability, the apparatus comprising:
the image acquisition module is used for calling image acquisition equipment to continuously acquire a preset number of first images and second images according to a preset image acquisition rule;
the image superposition module is used for grouping the first images with the preset number, and superposing each group of the first images to obtain a third image; grouping the second images of the preset number, and overlapping each group of the second images to obtain a fourth image;
the image processing module is used for processing the third image and the fourth image according to a preset algorithm to obtain a fifth image;
calculating the third image and the fourth image according to a preset formula to obtain a fifth image;
the preset formula is as follows:
(third image-fourth image)/(third image + fourth image);
the standard deviation calculation module is used for selecting a preset area image in the fifth image and calculating a standard deviation;
the standard deviation processing module is used for processing the standard deviation according to a preset rule to obtain a limit signal-to-noise ratio, namely calculating the reciprocal of the standard deviation, wherein the reciprocal is the limit signal-to-noise ratio;
and the stability determining module is used for calculating the relation between the limit signal-to-noise ratio and the image superposition frame number and determining the stability of the limit signal-to-noise ratio.
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