CN110941408B - KVM virtual machine graphical interface output method and device - Google Patents
KVM virtual machine graphical interface output method and device Download PDFInfo
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- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
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Abstract
The invention discloses a graphical interface output method of a KVM (keyboard video mouse) virtual machine, which comprises the steps of obtaining a virtual PCI (peripheral component interconnect) display device and a virtual VGA display device; inserting the virtual VGA display equipment into a KVM virtual machine in a qxl-VGA mode, and inserting the virtual PCI display equipment into the KVM virtual machine in a vfio-PCI mode; respectively allocating an output port for the virtual VGA display equipment and the virtual PCI display equipment in the KVM to obtain a VGA output port and a PCI output port; the VGA output port and the PCI output port are combined into a virtual output port; outputting the graphical interface in the KVM virtual machine by using the virtual output port; by combining the VGA output port and the PCI output port into one virtual output port for output, a user can see coherent startup pictures and running interfaces without manually switching the display ports, and the convenience of the KVM virtual machine is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a graphical interface output method and device, in particular to a KVM virtual machine graphical interface output method and device.
Background
In the Kvmgt technology of Intel virtualization, a display card is virtualized into a virtual PCI display device, and a vfio-PCI mode is used for inserting into a kvm virtual machine. After the kvm virtual machine is started, a corresponding virtual display port is created for each display device, and the virtual display port corresponds to the display of the client video output on the user interface. The usual use mode of kvmgt is to add only a vfio-pci video card, set VGA parameters to none (i.e. no VGA device), display the uninitialized video port on the output interface after startup, cannot see the state of the client in the startup phase, and start to normally display the client operation graphical interface after the operating system starts and loads the video card driver.
In actual use, there is a method capable of displaying a client os start-up interface, that is, setting the VGA parameter to std (or qxlvga, etc.), so that a start-up image is output to the VGA port, and after the start-up is successful, the VGA video card in the client os fails (the windows7 os automatically disables the VGA video card), the VGA port is no longer output, and the vfio-pci port sees the system display interface. However, it is very unfriendly for the user to display the start-up screen, for example, when the user interface is gtk output, a plurality of video output ports are displayed as a plurality of tab pages on the interface, and when viewing other output ports, the tab pages need to be manually switched. And when the spice is output, a plurality of video output ports are a plurality of display windows on the interface, the default vga is the first window, the display is carried out on the top layer when the spice is started, the windows of other video output ports are shielded, and the user needs to switch by himself.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a graphical interface output method and a graphical interface output device for a KVM (keyboard, video and mouse) virtual machine, which are used for solving the problems that in the prior art, a user needs to switch a display starting picture in the starting process of the KVM virtual machine, and the convenience of the KVM virtual machine is reduced.
In order to realize the task, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a KVM virtual machine graphical interface output method is used for outputting a graphical interface in a KVM virtual machine, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, obtaining a virtual PCI display device and a virtual VGA display device;
step 2, inserting the virtual VGA display equipment into a KVM virtual machine in a qxl-VGA mode, and inserting the virtual PCI display equipment into the KVM virtual machine in a vfio-PCI mode to obtain a first virtual machine;
step 3, respectively allocating an output port for the virtual VGA display equipment and the virtual PCI display equipment in the first virtual machine to obtain a VGA output port and a PCI output port;
step 4, combining the VGA output port and the PCI output port into a virtual output port;
and 5, outputting the graphical interface in the KVM virtual machine by using the virtual output port.
Further, the display card is virtualized into virtual PCI display equipment through a linux kernel display card virtualization technology, and the virtual PCI display equipment is obtained.
Furthermore, the VGA output port and the PCI output port are combined into a virtual output port by utilizing a redirection technology.
Further, the combining the VGA output port and the PCI output port into one virtual output port using redirection technology specifically includes redirecting the PCI output port to the VGA output port.
Further, the graphical interface comprises a gtk display graphical interface or a spice display graphical interface.
A graphical interface output device of a KVM (keyboard video mouse) virtual machine comprises a virtual equipment obtaining module, a virtual equipment inserting module, a port distributing module, a port merging module and an output module;
the virtual device obtaining module is used for obtaining a virtual PCI display device and a virtual VGA display device;
the virtual device insertion module is used for inserting the virtual VGA display device into the KVM virtual machine in a qxl-VGA mode, and inserting the virtual PCI display device into the KVM virtual machine in a vfio-PCI mode to obtain a first virtual machine;
the port distribution module distributes an output port for the virtual VGA display equipment and the virtual PCI display equipment in the first virtual machine respectively to obtain a VGA output port and a PCI output port;
the port merging module is used for merging the VGA output port and the PCI output port into a virtual output port;
the output module is used for outputting the graphical interface in the KVM virtual machine by using the virtual output port.
Further, the virtual device obtaining module virtualizes the graphics card into a virtual PCI display device through a linux kernel graphics card virtualization technology, so as to obtain the virtual PCI display device.
Further, the combining the VGA output port and the PCI output port into one virtual output port using redirection technology specifically includes redirecting the PCI output port to the VGA output port.
Further, the merging specifically includes redirecting the PCI output port to the VGA output port.
Further, the graphical interface comprises a gtk display graphical interface or a spice display graphical interface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. according to the method and the device for outputting the graphical interface of the KVM, provided by the invention, the VGA output port and the PCI output port are combined into one virtual output port for outputting, so that coherent startup pictures and running interfaces can be seen, and the convenience of the KVM is improved;
2. the method and the device for outputting the graphical interface of the KVM provided by the invention combine the VGA output port and the PCI output port into one virtual output port by utilizing the redirection technology, and can conveniently and quickly realize the combination of the ports, thereby improving the convenience of the KVM;
3. the graphical interface output method and the graphical interface output device for the KVM provided by the invention redirect the PCI output port to the VGA output port by utilizing a redirection method, so that a user can see a coherent startup picture without switching to the PCI output port, and the convenience of the KVM is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a port output provided by the prior art;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of port merging output provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. So that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention. It is to be expressly noted that in the following description, a detailed description of known functions and designs will be omitted when it may obscure the subject matter of the present invention.
The following definitions or conceptual connotations relating to the present invention are provided for illustration:
KVM: a virtual machine management system includes a kernel virtual framework and processor-related modules that borrow some of the other components of QEMU, with the non-kernel portion of the KVM being implemented by QEMU.
Virtual PCI display device: and inserting the display equipment in the virtual machine by using the PCI (peripheral component interconnect) row slot.
Virtual VGA display device: and the display device is inserted into the virtual machine by utilizing the VGA interface.
QEMU virtualization technology: the QEMU is a VMM (virtual machine monitor) on the host, simulates the CPU by dynamic binary conversion, and provides a series of hardware models, so that the guest os thinks that the QEMU directly deals with the hardware, and actually deals with the hardware simulated by the QEMU, and the QEMU translates the instructions to the real hardware for operation. By this mode, guest os can interact with the hard disk, network card, CPU, CD-ROM, audio device and USB device on the host.
qxl-vga mode: the QXL virtual display card is a virtual display card realized by a QEMU program. And the corresponding display card driver is installed on the client, so that the client is presented with a common display card. When an application program on a client needs to generate a rendering operation, the application program sends a request to a graphic engine (GDI/X) of the client, the graphic engine transmits a command to a qxl driver, and the qxl driver translates the command into a qxl command and pushes the qxl command to a message queue of a qxl device in qemu to be converted into a corresponding display graph through calculation.
vfio-pci mode: VFIO is a framework that can safely expose device I/O, interrupts, DMA, etc. to user space (userpace), so that device drivers can be completed in user space. User space is directly accessed by the device, and higher IO performance can be obtained by virtual machine device allocation. The VFIO device implementation layer is closely connected to the Linux device model, and currently, only a device implementation layer for PCI (implemented in the VFIO-PCI module) is provided in the VFIO. The role of the device implementation layer is similar to that of a normal device driver.
The linux kernel video card virtualization technology comprises the following steps: the process of virtualizing the display card is to slice the display card and allocate the display card time slices to the virtual machine for use. The display card supporting the virtualization of the display card can be generally divided into time slices with different specifications according to needs, so that the time slices can be distributed to a plurality of virtual machines for use. The implementation principle is that Application layer interface virtualization (API) is utilized, API redirection refers to intercepting an Application Programming Interface (API) related to the GPU at the Application layer, corresponding functions are completed in a redirection (still using the GPU) manner, and then an execution result is returned to the Application program.
Redirection technology: the source/destination of the input/output is directed to other interfaces that can read/write data. Here, the image output of the graphics card device virtualized by the GPU is directed to the image output interface of the same block of the virtual graphics card.
gtk displays a graphical interface: the QEMU is a built-in user graphical interface used for displaying the video output of the virtual machine, and window display and a user interface are achieved by using a gtk library.
spice displays a graphical interface: the method is a user graphical interface for receiving the video output of the virtual machine of the spice server end built in the QEMU through the spice protocol client.
Virtualconsolle structure: and the QEMU virtual machine ui module is used for storing a structural body of gtk graphical interface data information. The method comprises the information of a gtk window, the address of a gtk graphic data area, an image refreshing and monitoring interface and the like.
SimpleSpiceDisplay architecture: and the QEMU virtual machine ui module is used for storing a structural body of the spice graphical interface data information. Including graphics data area address, image refresh monitor interface, etc.
Example one
The embodiment provides a method for outputting a graphical interface of a KVM (keyboard video mouse), which comprises the following steps of:
step 1, obtaining a virtual PCI display device and a virtual VGA display device;
optionally, the graphics card is virtualized into a virtual PCI display device through a linux kernel graphics card virtualization technology, so as to obtain the virtual PCI display device.
Optionally, the virtual VGA display device is obtained by QEMU virtualization technology.
In this embodiment, the PCI device is a virtual PCI display device in a qemu program, which virtualizes a PCI device in an operating system, which operates using a vfio-PCI driver, as a qemu virtual machine through a vfio module, and the virtual VGA display device is a virtual VGA display device in the qemu program, which is virtualized by a display module. The virtual PCI display device uses the resource and capability of the specific PCI device of the host, and the virtual VGA display device is purely virtual by software and completely depends on the computing capability of a CPU (central processing unit) of the host.
Step 2, inserting the virtual VGA display equipment into the KVM virtual machine in a qxl-VGA mode, and inserting the virtual PCI display equipment into the KVM virtual machine in a vfio-PCI mode to obtain a first virtual machine;
in this embodiment, the qfio-pci device is inserted into the virtual machine using qemu pci penetration technology.
Step 3, respectively allocating an output port for the virtual VGA display device and the virtual PCI display device in the first virtual machine to obtain a VGA output port and a PCI output port;
step 4, combining the VGA output port and the PCI output port into a virtual output port by utilizing a redirection technology;
optionally, the PCI output port is redirected to the VGA output port using a redirection technique, obtaining a virtual output port.
In this embodiment, a redirection technology provided by windows is used to merge the PCI output port and the VGA output port to obtain a virtual output port.
The combination of the VGA output port and the PCI output port into one virtual output port by using the redirection technique specifically includes redirecting the PCI output port to the VGA output port.
In this embodiment, the graphical interface includes a gtk display graphical interface or a spice display graphical interface;
the output object structure supported by the graphical interface comprises a virtualConsole structure or a SimpleSpiceDisplay structure.
In this embodiment, each video device is initialized and recorded as a qualeconsole structure according to parameters after qemu is started. If the parameters specify the output mode of the graphical interface, the graphical interface is initialized. The output mode is different for each graphical interface, and qemu consolle is adapted to the respective supported structure during initialization, for example, when gtk is displayed, it is converted into virtualconsolle structure, and when spice is displayed, it is converted into simplemicepisplay structure, and so on.
In this step, the output of vfio-pci is redirected onto the output port of vga by modifying qemu source code. When the virtual machine is started, the startup picture is output from the vga, and the vfio-pci starts to output after the display card driver is loaded. In the windows7 system, the VGA video card can be automatically deactivated after the video card driver is loaded. Therefore, automatic switching of display can be achieved. In the windows10 system, after the display card driver is loaded, the VGA display card and the vfio-pci display card are managed in an expansion screen mode, and both a main screen and an auxiliary screen have output. Therefore, the windows10 system needs to disable the VGA video card manually, otherwise the display will be overlapped, and the disabling operation needs to be executed only once.
The qemu process started by the parameter "-display gtk" will be explained by taking the example that the gtk interface window is initialized in the starting process:
in the prior art, as shown in fig. 1, firstly, a gtk window is created, then a menu is created, all menu items are determined according to start parameters, and then a corresponding initialization action is performed on each menu item. The View menu includes initialization of all output ports, which are the corresponding tab or tabs in the gtk interface. The initialization action is as follows: traversing a global list of QemuConsole, creating a corresponding number of VirtualConsole (the current program is limited by at most 10), storing video output information in Qemucosole into a VirtualConsole structure, aiming at two virtual devices in the application, 2 VirtualConsole are respectively corresponding to a virtual PCI display device and a virtual VGA display device, and outputting by the VirtualConsole corresponding to the two virtual devices, so that the two Tab pages in the prior art are formed.
However, in the initialization action of the present invention, which is modification, as shown in fig. 2, when a virtualconsolle structure is created, only one is created, all outputs are directed to the virtualconsolle, and finally, on the gtk interface, the output display of the first tab page is the complete start interface and the complete system running interface. Other user interfaces are also modified during the corresponding initialization process.
In this embodiment, taking gtk as an example, the following steps are performed to obtain a virtual output port:
step 1, storing an initialization entry function of the display mode in a Qemu display structure, and starting initialization action of a graphical interface or a display interface when entering from the entry;
step 2, in the ui/gtk.c file, the initialization entry of the gtk graphical interface is a gtk _ display _ init function, a GtkDisplayState object s is generated in the function, and corresponding data is filled in the GtkDisplayState object s;
step 3, creating a menu bar and corresponding menu items for s in the gd _ create _ menu function, wherein the menu items in the View menu are stored in the s- > View _ menu, and each menu item corresponds to a virtual output port, namely a virtual Console object vc;
step 4, initializing s- > view _ menu is carried out by calling gd _ create _ menu _ view, in the function, a global linked list (QemuConsole) constraints is traversed, and gd _ vc _ gfx _ init is called to initialize equivalent VirtualConsole object vc and is stored in an s- > vc array;
step 5, initializing a drawing area for vc- > gfx. Drawing _ area in gd _ vc _ gfx _ init, modifying the drawing area, initializing a display output port for the first vc object, recording the address of the display output port, and directly using the other drawing areas instead of generating a new display output port in the subsequent traversal;
step 6, recording the original QemuConsole object for vc- > gfx.dcl.con in gd _ vc _ gfx _ init, and calling register _ displayhangener to register and display refresh, so that the many-to-one relationship between the QemuConsole object and the VirtualConsole object is formed in fact, the refresh of a plurality of video sources can modify the same display area, and the merging of multi-stage display is successful.
And 5, outputting the KVM graphical interface by using the virtual output port.
The invention utilizes the characteristic that qemu video structure needs to be converted into video structures corresponding to different graphic interface systems (spice, gtk, sdl and the like) for virtual video output when qemu outputs video, redirects the display card port when structure conversion is carried out, and simultaneously outputs a vga display card signal and a vfio-pci display card signal to the same virtual video output port.
By utilizing the characteristic that qemu only outputs to the vga in the starting stage and the virtual display card does not output in the stage, the output port of the vfio-pci virtual display card is redirected and merged to the output port of the vga by modifying the initialization flow of qemu. So that the integrated output of vga and vfio-pci is seen at one port on the interface. When two are output simultaneously, the effect of overlapping the two display cards is presented on the interface, obvious flicker is generated, but only the output of the vfio-pci virtual display card is output at the output port after the vga display card is forbidden in the virtual machine system. Therefore, only one display card can output in the two stages (the starting stage and the operating system running stage), and the flicker condition of simultaneous output is avoided.
In the starting stage, the vfio-pci is not output, so that the display of a starting interface is not influenced, and after the starting is finished, the VGA is not output any more due to the failure of the VGA video card (the automatic deactivation or the manual deactivation of an operating system), so that the display in normal use is not influenced. Therefore, image display which continuously displays the whole life process of the client on the same virtual output port is formed, the image display is consistent with the image display which uses an operating system on a physical machine, and a user does not need to manually switch ports.
Example two
A graphical interface output device of a KVM (keyboard video mouse) virtual machine comprises a virtual equipment obtaining module, a virtual equipment inserting module, a port distributing module, a port merging module and an output module;
the virtual device obtaining module is used for obtaining virtual PCI display equipment and virtual VGA display equipment;
the virtual device inserting module is used for inserting the virtual VGA display device into the KVM virtual machine in a qxl-VGA mode and inserting the virtual PCI display device into the KVM virtual machine in a vfio-PCI mode to obtain a first virtual machine;
the port allocation module allocates an output port for the virtual VGA display equipment and the virtual PCI display equipment in the first virtual machine respectively to obtain a VGA output port and a PCI output port;
the port merging module is used for merging the VGA output port and the PCI output port into a virtual output port;
the output module is used for outputting the graphic interface in the KVM virtual machine by using the virtual output port.
Optionally, the virtual device obtaining module virtualizes the graphics card into a virtual PCI display device through a linux kernel graphics card virtualization technology, so as to obtain the virtual PCI display device.
Optionally, the VGA output port and the PCI output port are combined into one virtual output port using redirection techniques.
Optionally, the combining the VGA output port and the PCI output port into one virtual output port by using a redirection technique specifically includes redirecting the PCI output port to the VGA output port.
Optionally, the graphical interface comprises a gtk display graphical interface or a spice display graphical interface.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the present invention may be implemented by software plus necessary general hardware, and certainly may also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases, the former is a better embodiment. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present invention or portions thereof contributing to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a readable storage medium, such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, or an optical disk of a computer, and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute the methods according to the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A KVM virtual machine graphical interface output method is used for outputting a graphical interface in a KVM virtual machine, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, obtaining a virtual PCI display device and a virtual VGA display device;
step 2, inserting the virtual VGA display equipment into a KVM virtual machine in a qxl-VGA mode, and inserting the virtual PCI display equipment into the KVM virtual machine in a vfio-PCI mode to obtain a first virtual machine;
step 3, respectively allocating an output port for the virtual VGA display equipment and the virtual PCI display equipment in the first virtual machine to obtain a VGA output port and a PCI output port;
step 4, combining the VGA output port and the PCI output port into a virtual output port;
and 5, outputting the graphical interface in the KVM virtual machine by using the virtual output port.
2. The KVM virtual machine graphical interface output method of claim 1, wherein the virtual PCI display device is obtained by virtualizing a graphics card into a virtual PCI display device through linux kernel graphics card virtualization technology.
3. The KVM virtual machine graphical interface output method of claim 1, wherein said VGA output port and PCI output port are merged into one virtual output port using redirection techniques.
4. The KVM virtual machine graphical interface output method of claim 3, wherein said merging said VGA output port and said PCI output port into one virtual output port using redirection technology specifically comprises redirecting a PCI output port into a VGA output port.
5. The KVM virtual machine graphical interface output method according to claim 3, wherein said graphical interface comprises a gtk display graphical interface or a spice display graphical interface.
6. A graphical interface output device of a KVM (keyboard video mouse) virtual machine is characterized by comprising a virtual equipment obtaining module, a virtual equipment inserting module, a port distributing module, a port merging module and an output module;
the virtual device obtaining module is used for obtaining a virtual PCI display device and a virtual VGA display device;
the virtual device insertion module is used for inserting the virtual VGA display device into the KVM virtual machine in a qxl-VGA mode, and inserting the virtual PCI display device into the KVM virtual machine in a vfio-PCI mode to obtain a first virtual machine;
the port distribution module distributes an output port for the virtual VGA display equipment and the virtual PCI display equipment in the first virtual machine respectively to obtain a VGA output port and a PCI output port;
the port merging module is used for merging the VGA output port and the PCI output port into a virtual output port;
the output module is used for outputting the graphical interface in the KVM virtual machine by using the virtual output port.
7. The KVM graphical interface output device according to claim 6, wherein the virtual device obtaining module obtains the virtual PCI display device by virtualizing the graphics card into the virtual PCI display device through linux kernel graphics card virtualization technology.
8. The KVM virtual machine graphical interface output device of claim 6, wherein said combining of said VGA output port and said PCI output port into one virtual output port using redirection techniques comprises redirecting said PCI output port into said VGA output port.
9. The KVM virtual machine graphical interface output device of claim 8, wherein said merging specifically comprises redirecting a PCI output port into a VGA output port.
10. The KVM virtual machine graphical interface output device of claim 9, wherein said graphical interface comprises a gtk display graphical interface or a spice display graphical interface.
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