CN110928174B - Atomic clock frequency discrimination signal detection system - Google Patents
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- G04F5/14—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a frequency discrimination signal detection system of an atomic clock, which comprises: the atomic clock comprises an atomic clock control circuit system, a first optical system, a physical system, a second optical system and a microwave pulse synthesizer; the first optical system generates linearly polarized light; the physical system generates a frequency discrimination signal according to the double microwave pulse signal, and is used for realizing closed-loop locking of the frequency of the atomic clock and rotating the polarization direction of linearly polarized light; the second optical system determines the component of the detection light rotating after passing through the physical system in the vertical direction by utilizing a photoelastic modulation technology; the atomic clock control circuit system determines an error voltage signal of the atomic clock frequency closed-loop locking according to the component of the detection light in the vertical direction by utilizing a cross-correlation detection technology; and the microwave pulse synthesizer generates a double microwave pulse signal of 6.8GHz according to the error voltage signal. The invention combines the photoelastic modulation technology and the cross-correlation detection technology to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the frequency stability of the atomic clock frequency discrimination signal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical detection, in particular to an atomic clock frequency discrimination signal detection system.
Background
The rubidium atomic clock has the characteristics of low power consumption, small volume, high reliability and accordance with the satellite load requirement, is very suitable for space application, and is used as a satellite-borne clock of a satellite navigation system. The pulse light pumping rubidium atomic clock separates the light pumping process from the microwave excitation process in time, so that the light field and the microwave field respectively interact with atoms, the coherent coupling of light and microwaves is avoided, the light frequency shift of the atomic clock can be eliminated theoretically, and the medium-and-long-term stability of the atomic clock is improved.
The rubidium atomic clock with high-contrast frequency discrimination signal, with the patent number of CN102799103A, is based on the magneto-optical rotation effect, utilizes the orthogonal polarized light detection technology, places two orthogonal Glan Taylor prisms at the front and back ends of a physical system, detects the rotation angle of light or the component of light in the vertical direction, eliminates the background light intensity, obtains the clock transition spectral line with the contrast ratio greater than 90%, simultaneously compares in traditional absorption method optical detection, has improved the detection sensitivity greatly. However, because the length of the rubidium bubble in the physical system is limited, the rotation angle for detecting the polarized light is small, so that the absolute intensity of the light intensity signal is small, and the signal-to-noise ratio is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an atomic clock frequency discrimination signal detection system to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the frequency stability of an atomic clock frequency discrimination signal.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a system for detecting a frequency discrimination signal of an atomic clock, the system comprising:
the atomic clock comprises an atomic clock control circuit system, a first optical system, a physical system, a second optical system and a microwave pulse synthesizer;
the first optical system is used for generating linearly polarized light;
the physical system is arranged on an output optical path of the first optical system, the physical system is arranged corresponding to the microwave pulse synthesizer, and the physical system generates a frequency discrimination signal according to the double microwave pulse signal, so that closed-loop locking of the frequency of an atomic clock is realized, and the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light is rotated;
the second optical system is arranged on an output optical path of the physical system, and the second optical system is used for determining the component of the detection light which rotates after passing through the physical system in the vertical direction;
the atomic clock control circuit system is arranged on an output light path of the second optical system and used for determining an error voltage signal of atomic clock frequency closed-loop locking and a rotation angle of the detection polarized light according to a component of the detection light in the vertical direction;
the microwave pulse synthesizer is electrically connected with the atomic clock control circuit system and is used for generating a double microwave pulse signal of 6.8GHz under the control of the error voltage signal.
Optionally, the atomic clock control circuitry includes:
a photodetector disposed on an output optical path of the second optical system for converting a component of the detection light in a vertical direction into an electrical signal;
a photoelastic modulator drive controller electrically connected to the second optical system for outputting a resonant frequency f0And sending the driving voltage signal to the second optical system;
the phase-locked amplifier is respectively electrically connected with the photoelastic modulator driving controller and the photoelectric detector and is used for amplifying and demodulating the electric signal according to a driving voltage signal to obtain a harmonic component;
and the atomic clock servo control module is electrically connected with the phase-locked amplifier and is used for determining an error voltage signal of the atomic clock frequency closed-loop locking according to the harmonic component.
Optionally, the first optical system includes:
a laser for generating laser light of 795 nm;
the isolator is arranged on an output optical path of the laser and is used for the unidirectional passing of the laser;
and the polarizer is arranged on the output optical path of the isolator and is used for converting the isolated laser into linearly polarized light.
Optionally, the second optical system includes:
the quarter-wave plate is arranged on an output optical path of the physical system 7, and the optical axis direction of the quarter-wave plate is the same as that of the polarizer and is used for converting linearly polarized light into elliptically polarized light;
the photoelastic modulator is arranged on an output light path of the quarter-wave plate, an included angle between the optical axis direction of the photoelastic modulator and the optical axis direction of the polarizer is 45 degrees, and the photoelastic modulator is electrically connected with the atomic clock control circuit system and used for modulating the elliptically polarized light according to the driving voltage signal;
and the analyzer is arranged on an output optical path of the photoelastic modulator, and an included angle between the optical axis direction of the analyzer and the optical axis direction of the polarizer is 90 degrees, so that the analyzer is used for determining the component of the detection light in the vertical direction according to the modulated elliptically polarized light.
Optionally, the physical system includes:
the microwave cavity is arranged in the magnetic shielding cylinder, and the rubidium steam bubbles are correspondingly arranged with the microwave pulse synthesizer.
Optionally, the microwave pulse synthesizer includes:
the controlled crystal oscillator is electrically connected with the atomic clock control circuit system and is used for controlling and generating a 10MHz frequency signal according to the error voltage signal;
and the microwave frequency generator is electrically connected with the controlled crystal oscillator, is arranged corresponding to the physical system, and is used for generating a double microwave pulse signal of 6.8GHz by using a 10MHz frequency signal according to a frequency synthesis method and feeding the double microwave pulse signal to the physical system.
Optionally, the laser is a semiconductor laser.
Optionally, the specific formula of the rotation angle of the detected polarized light is as follows:
θ＝V1f/(2I0αm)；
where θ is the rotation angle of the detected polarized light, I0For detecting light intensity, V1fBeing harmonic components, αmThe depth is modulated for the photoelastic.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention discloses a frequency discrimination signal detection system of an atomic clock, which comprises: the atomic clock comprises an atomic clock control circuit system, a first optical system, a physical system, a second optical system and a microwave pulse synthesizer; the first optical system generates linearly polarized light; the physical system generates a frequency discrimination signal according to the double microwave pulse signal, and is used for realizing closed-loop locking of the frequency of the atomic clock and enabling the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light to rotate; the second optical system determines the component of the detection light rotating after passing through the physical system in the vertical direction by utilizing a photoelastic modulation technology; the atomic clock control circuit system determines an error voltage signal of atomic clock frequency closed-loop locking according to the component of the detection light in the vertical direction by utilizing a cross-correlation detection technology; and the microwave pulse synthesizer is controlled by the error voltage signal to generate a double microwave pulse signal of 6.8 GHz. The invention combines photoelastic modulation technology and cross-correlation detection technology, obtains the frequency discrimination signal of the atomic clock according to the change of the rotation angle of the probe light along with the microwave pulse frequency, theoretically eliminates the mechanical jitter, the fluctuation of optical components caused by the environment and the noise caused by the intensity fluctuation, the frequency and the power fluctuation of a semiconductor laser source, improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the frequency discrimination signal of the atomic clock, and further improves the frequency stability of the atomic clock.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a frequency discrimination signal detection system of an atomic clock according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a specific structure of a frequency-discrimination signal detection system of an atomic clock according to an embodiment of the present invention.
1. The atomic clock comprises an atomic clock control circuit system, 11, a photoelectric detector, 12, a photoelastic modulator driving controller, 13, a phase-locked amplifier, 14, an atomic clock servo control module, 2, a first optical system, 21, a laser, 22, an isolator, 23, a polarizer, 3, a physical system, 31, a magnetic shielding cylinder, 32, a microwave cavity, 33, rubidium vapor bubble, 4, a second optical system, 41, a quarter-wave plate, 42, a photoelastic modulator, 43, an analyzer, 5, a microwave pulse synthesizer, 51, a controlled crystal oscillator, 52 and a microwave frequency generator.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide an atomic clock frequency discrimination signal detection system to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the frequency stability of an atomic clock frequency discrimination signal.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a frequency discrimination signal detection system of an atomic clock according to an embodiment of the present invention; as shown in fig. 1, in which the dashed lines represent optical connections and the solid lines represent electrical connections, the detection system comprises:
an atomic clock control circuit system 1, a first optical system 2, a physical system 3, a second optical system 4 and a microwave pulse synthesizer 5; the first optical system 2 is used for generating linearly polarized light; the physical system 3 is arranged on an output light path of the first optical system 2, the physical system 3 is arranged corresponding to the microwave pulse synthesizer 5, and the physical system 3 generates a frequency discrimination signal according to a double microwave pulse signal to realize closed-loop locking of the frequency of an atomic clock and enable the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light to rotate; the second optical system 4 is arranged on an output optical path of the physical system 3, and the second optical system 4 is used for determining a component of the probe light which rotates after passing through the physical system in a vertical direction; the atomic clock control circuit system 1 is arranged on an output light path of the second optical system 4, and the atomic clock control circuit system 1 combines a photoelastic modulation technology and a cross-correlation detection technology to determine an error voltage signal of atomic clock frequency closed-loop locking according to a component of the probe light in the vertical direction; the microwave pulse synthesizer 5 is electrically connected with the atomic clock control circuit system 1, and the microwave pulse synthesizer 5 is used for generating a double microwave pulse signal of 6.8GHz under the control of the error voltage signal.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a specific structure of a frequency discrimination signal detection system of an atomic clock according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, a light path connection is shown without an arrow direction, and an electrical connection is shown with an arrow direction, where the atomic clock control circuit system 1 of the present invention includes:
a photodetector 11 disposed on an output optical path of the second optical system 4 for converting a component of the detection light in the vertical direction into an electric signal;
a photoelastic modulator drive controller 12 electrically connected to the second optical system 4 for outputting the resonant frequency f by utilizing photoelastic modulation technique0And sent to the second optical system 4;
the phase-locked amplifier 13 is respectively electrically connected with the photoelastic modulator driving controller 12 and the photoelectric detector 11, and amplifies and demodulates the electric signal according to a driving voltage signal by using a cross-correlation detection technology to obtain a harmonic component;
and the atomic clock servo control module 14 is electrically connected with the phase-locked amplifier 13 and is used for determining an error voltage signal of the atomic clock frequency closed-loop locking and detecting the rotation angle of the polarized light according to the harmonic component.
As an embodiment, the first optical system 2 of the present invention includes:
a laser 21 for generating laser light of 795 nm;
an isolator 22, disposed on the output optical path of the laser 21, for allowing the laser to pass through in a single direction, so as to prevent the laser from being fed into the laser 21;
and the polarizer 23 is arranged on the output optical path of the isolator 22 and is used for converting the isolated laser into linearly polarized light.
As an embodiment, the second optical system 4 of the present invention includes:
the quarter-wave plate 41 is arranged on an output optical path of the physical system 37, and the optical axis direction of the quarter-wave plate 41 is the same as that of the polarizer 23 and is used for converting linearly polarized light into elliptically polarized light;
the photoelastic modulator 42 is arranged on an output light path of the quarter-wave plate 41, an included angle between the optical axis direction of the photoelastic modulator 42 and the optical axis direction of the polarizer 23 is 45 degrees, and the photoelastic modulator is electrically connected with the atomic clock control circuit system 1 and used for modulating the elliptically polarized light according to the driving voltage signal;
and the analyzer 43 is arranged on the output optical path of the photoelastic modulator 42, and an included angle between the optical axis direction of the analyzer 43 and the optical axis direction of the polarizer 23 is 90 degrees, so that the analyzer is used for determining the component of the detection light in the vertical direction according to the modulated elliptically polarized light.
As an embodiment, the physical system 3 of the present invention includes:
the magnetic shielding device comprises a magnetic shielding barrel 31, a microwave cavity 32 and rubidium steam bubbles 33, wherein the rubidium steam bubbles 33 are arranged in the microwave cavity 32, the microwave cavity 32 is arranged in the magnetic shielding barrel 31, the rubidium steam bubbles 33 and a microwave frequency generator 52 are correspondingly arranged, and the magnetic shielding barrel 31, the microwave cavity 32 and the rubidium steam bubbles 33 interact with each other to generate frequency discrimination signals according to double microwave pulse signals, so that closed loop locking of atomic clock frequency is realized, the polarization direction of linearly polarized light is rotated, and light frequency shift is eliminated.
As an embodiment, the microwave pulse synthesizer 5 of the present invention includes:
the controlled crystal oscillator 51 is electrically connected with the atomic clock control circuit system 1 and is used for controlling and generating a 10MHz frequency signal according to the error voltage signal;
and the microwave frequency generator 52 is electrically connected with the controlled crystal oscillator 51, is arranged corresponding to the physical system 3, and is used for generating a double microwave pulse signal of 6.8GHz by using a 10MHz frequency signal according to a frequency synthesis method and feeding the double microwave pulse signal to the physical system 3.
In one embodiment, the laser 21 of the present invention is a semiconductor laser 21.
The light vector detected by the photoelectric detector 11 of the invention is as follows:
the light intensity signal I, I can be determined by calculating the module value of the light vector0＝A2A is the amplitude of linearly polarized light passing through the polarizer 23, and α (t) ═ αm sinω0t，GPPIs a jones matrix of the rotated linearly polarized light obtained after passing through the physical system 3,
Gλ/4for the jones matrix of elliptically polarized light obtained through the quarter-wave plate 41,
wherein i is an imaginary unit; gPEMFor a jones matrix of elliptically polarized light passing through the photoelastic modulator 42,
wherein α (t) ═ αmsin(ω0t)，αmFor modulating depth, omega, of photoelastic modulators0Is the modulation angular frequency; gAFor the jones matrix of linearly polarized light obtained by said analyzer 43,
after the module value of the light vector passing through the second optical system is squared, the light intensity obtained by the detection of the photoelectric detector is as follows:
I＝I0 sin2(θ+αm sinω0t) (1)；
the Bessel function expansion for equation (1) is as follows:
obtaining harmonic component V1fAnd the second harmonic component V2fThe concrete formula is as follows:
V1f＝2I0αmθ (2)；
wherein, V1fIs a harmonic component, V2fIs the second harmonic component, theta is the rotation angle of the probe polarized light, I0For detecting light intensity, V1fBeing harmonic components, αmFor photoelastic modulation of depth, omega0Modulating angular frequency, omega, for photoelastic modulators0＝2πf0，f0Is the resonant frequency.
The atomic clock servo control module 14 of the invention is based on the harmonic component V input by the phase-locked amplifier 131fThe rotation angle of the detection polarized light is calculated by the following specific formula:
θ＝V1f/(2I0αm) (4)；
where θ is the rotation angle of the detected polarized light, I0For detecting light intensity, V1fBeing harmonic components, αmThe depth is modulated for the photoelastic.
According to the formula (4), the harmonic component obtained by photoelastic modulation and demodulation by the phase-locked amplifier 13 is only related to photoelastic modulation depth and detection light intensity, so that mechanical jitter, fluctuation of optical components caused by the environment and noise caused by semiconductor laser source intensity fluctuation, frequency and power fluctuation are eliminated, and the signal-to-noise ratio and frequency stability of the atomic clock frequency discrimination signal are improved.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) on the basis of orthogonal polarized light detection, a photoelastic modulation technology and a cross-correlation detection technology are combined, the rotation angle of the detected polarized light is determined according to the component of the detected light in the vertical direction, mechanical jitter, fluctuation of optical components caused by the environment and noise caused by semiconductor laser source intensity fluctuation, frequency and power fluctuation are eliminated theoretically, and the signal-to-noise ratio and the frequency stability of an atomic clock frequency discrimination signal are improved.
(2) The invention utilizes the photoelastic modulator 42 to modulate the detection optical signal and utilizes the lock-in amplifier 13 to demodulate, and has no influence on the pumping process and the double microwave pulse excitation process of the atomic clock.
(3) The invention can take the second harmonic signal output by the system as the error signal for locking the detection light intensity, and adds a modulation amplitude closed-loop control loop in the system to control the optical power of the whole atomic clock detection light (refer to building of a house, etc., Chinese patent: CN106371230A, a photoelastic modulator modulation amplitude closed-loop control system and control method based on the second harmonic); the problem that when the laser power is stabilized by adopting an AOM or EOM driving circuit in the prior art, a beam of light is split to form a control loop, so that the detection light path and the light power locking loop are not synchronous is solved, the power stability of the detection laser is greatly improved, and the power stability can reach 0.04%.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (5)
1. An atomic clock frequency discrimination signal detection system, comprising:
the atomic clock comprises an atomic clock control circuit system, a first optical system, a physical system, a second optical system and a microwave pulse synthesizer;
the first optical system is used for generating linearly polarized light;
the physical system is arranged on an output optical path of the first optical system, the physical system is arranged corresponding to the microwave pulse synthesizer, and the physical system generates a frequency discrimination signal according to the double microwave pulse signal, so that closed-loop locking of the frequency of an atomic clock is realized, and the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light is rotated;
the physical system includes:
the microwave pulse synthesizer comprises a magnetic shielding barrel, a microwave cavity and rubidium steam bubbles, wherein the rubidium steam bubbles are arranged in the microwave cavity, the microwave cavity is arranged in the magnetic shielding barrel, and the rubidium steam bubbles are arranged corresponding to the microwave pulse synthesizer;
the second optical system is arranged on an output optical path of the physical system, and the second optical system is used for determining the component of the detection light which rotates after passing through the physical system in the vertical direction;
the atomic clock control circuit system is arranged on an output light path of the second optical system and used for determining an error voltage signal of atomic clock frequency closed-loop locking according to the component of the detection light in the vertical direction;
the microwave pulse synthesizer is electrically connected with the atomic clock control circuit system and is used for generating a double microwave pulse signal of 6.8GHz under the control of the error voltage signal;
the atomic clock control circuitry includes:
a photodetector disposed on an output optical path of the second optical system for converting a component of the detection light in a vertical direction into an electrical signal;
a photoelastic modulator drive controller electrically connected to the second optical system for outputting a resonant frequency f0And sending the driving voltage signal to the second optical system;
the phase-locked amplifier is respectively electrically connected with the photoelastic modulator driving controller and the photoelectric detector and is used for amplifying and demodulating the electric signal according to a driving voltage signal to obtain a harmonic component;
the atomic clock servo control module is electrically connected with the phase-locked amplifier and used for determining an error voltage signal of the atomic clock frequency closed-loop locking and detecting the rotation angle of the polarized light according to the harmonic component;
the specific formula of the rotation angle of the detection polarized light is as follows:
θ＝V1f/(2I0αm)；
where θ is the rotation angle of the detected polarized light, I0For detecting light intensity, V1fBeing harmonic components, αmModulating depth, V, for photoelastic2fIs the second harmonic component.
2. The atomic clock frequency discrimination signal detection system of claim 1 wherein the first optical system comprises:
a laser for generating laser light of 795 nm;
the isolator is arranged on an output optical path of the laser and is used for the unidirectional passing of the laser;
and the polarizer is arranged on the output optical path of the isolator and is used for converting the isolated laser into linearly polarized light.
3. An atomic clock frequency discrimination signal detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that the second optical system comprises:
the quarter-wave plate is arranged on an output optical path of the physical system 7, and the optical axis direction of the quarter-wave plate is the same as that of the polarizer and is used for converting linearly polarized light into elliptically polarized light;
the photoelastic modulator is arranged on an output light path of the quarter-wave plate, an included angle between the optical axis direction of the photoelastic modulator and the optical axis direction of the polarizer is 45 degrees, and the photoelastic modulator is electrically connected with the atomic clock control circuit system and used for modulating the elliptically polarized light according to the driving voltage signal;
and the analyzer is arranged on an output optical path of the photoelastic modulator, and an included angle between the optical axis direction of the analyzer and the optical axis direction of the polarizer is 90 degrees, so that the analyzer is used for determining the component of the detection light in the vertical direction according to the modulated elliptically polarized light.
4. The atomic clock frequency discrimination signal detection system of claim 1 wherein the microwave pulse synthesizer comprises:
the controlled crystal oscillator is electrically connected with the atomic clock control circuit system and is used for controlling and generating a 10MHz frequency signal according to the error voltage signal;
and the microwave frequency generator is electrically connected with the controlled crystal oscillator, is arranged corresponding to the physical system, and is used for generating a double microwave pulse signal of 6.8GHz by using a 10MHz frequency signal according to a frequency synthesis method and feeding the double microwave pulse signal to the physical system.
5. The atomic clock frequency discrimination signal detection system of claim 2 wherein the laser is a semiconductor laser.
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