CN110927720B - SAR sidelobe countermeasure method - Google Patents

SAR sidelobe countermeasure method Download PDF

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CN110927720B
CN110927720B CN201911183606.2A CN201911183606A CN110927720B CN 110927720 B CN110927720 B CN 110927720B CN 201911183606 A CN201911183606 A CN 201911183606A CN 110927720 B CN110927720 B CN 110927720B
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CN110927720A (en
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吴彦鸿
张合敏
王珺
吴守林
马可
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Beijing Hunray Technology Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/021—Auxiliary means for detecting or identifying radar signals or the like, e.g. radar jamming signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/38—Jamming means, e.g. producing false echoes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/9021—SAR image post-processing techniques
    • G01S13/9023—SAR image post-processing techniques combined with interferometric techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/9021—SAR image post-processing techniques
    • G01S13/9029—SAR image post-processing techniques specially adapted for moving target detection within a single SAR image or within multiple SAR images taken at the same time

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an SAR sidelobe countermeasure method which can emit continuous interference, realize interference continuous coverage, increase the total shield area, reduce the complexity of equipment, reduce the scale of the equipment and greatly increase the cost-effectiveness ratio of the equipment. The invention adopts the countermeasure scheme of multi-station distributed combination, the multi-station reconnaissance can obviously increase the side lobe receiving probability, prolong the reliable receiving time and ensure continuous reconnaissance; the multi-station interference can obviously increase the entering efficiency of interference signals and enlarge the shielding range; aiming at the proposed multi-station countermeasure scheme, the SAR core performance-based interference power demand estimation method is independent of the actual working distance of the SAR, is particularly suitable for accurately determining the interference power, can greatly simplify the power demand calculation process, reduces the assumed conditions and increases the reliability of the power demand calculation result.

Description

SAR sidelobe countermeasure method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radar countermeasure, in particular to a SAR side lobe countermeasure method.
Background
The synthetic aperture radar loaded on an air and space platform such as a satellite, an airplane, an unmanned aerial vehicle and the like can work in a plurality of radio frequency bands such as L, C, X, Ku and the like, can perform long-distance high-resolution ground imaging reconnaissance all day long and all day long, and can acquire ground target information.
For SAR reconnaissance threats, interference by transmitting electromagnetic signals is an effective way to combat the threat. Various interference techniques have been developed in recent years. The shelterable region and the use mode are mainly divided into self-defense main lobe interference and support side lobe interference. The supporting side lobe interference is mainly applied to a strategic combat level, and when an SAR satellite passes through a border or an airborne platform is in a temporary state, a working signal of the SAR satellite is intercepted and a high-power or ultrahigh-power electromagnetic signal is radiated, so that a ground target image cannot be normally acquired within a period of time.
Because the countermeasure equipment is located in a side lobe working area of the SAR radar antenna with a large probability, the work signal is difficult to detect and receive, the effective interference is generated, the interference power is high, the equipment is complex and large, the active equipment at home and abroad is composed of several to dozens of trolleys, and the existing SAR side lobe countermeasure method has the defects of discontinuous interference, incapability of realizing seamless coverage and the like because of single-station countermeasure. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single-station interference scenario and interference effect. Fig. 1(a) is a single-station interference scenario, fig. 1(b) is a gain coverage (range-40 dB-0 dB, contour line interval-3 dB) of an SAR antenna beam in a ground irradiation area, and intensity distribution of signals received by an interference station is consistent with the gain coverage, it can be seen that, in the SAR transit process (from bottom to top), the interference station experiences a plurality of side lobe irradiation lower than-40 dB, which causes a signal that cannot be detected, and similarly, the interference signal is greatly attenuated, which causes a continuous interference. Fig. 1(c) shows-40 dB gain coverage of the SAR antenna beam in the ground irradiation region, and the middle connected region visually expresses the interference detection effective region. Fig. 1(d) is a schematic illustration of the interference effect, and the discontinuous coverage of the interference image can be seen. The problems of large system, high cost, limited effect and the like exist.
In addition, the existing calculation formula for the interference power requirement which is generally recognized as more authoritative is as follows:
Figure BDA0002291892990000011
wherein, KJΣFor interference suppression factor, PtFor SAR emission power, GtFor SAR transmit antenna main lobe gain, σiScattering area of equivalent resolving area, RJAs interference distance, RminMinimum interference distance to radar, LdFor radar feed line losses and atmospheric losses, gammaJFor disturbing machine polarization losses, LJTo disturb the feeder losses and the atmospheric attenuation losses, KfFor SAR receiver bandwidth to interference spectral width ratio, GtAnd (theta) is the gain of the SAR receiving antenna in the direction of the jammer. Therefore, in the calculation method, indexes such as SAR emission power, antenna gain and the like are needed,in practical application, the transmission power and the antenna gain of the interference object SAR are changed along with indexes such as platform height, working mode, resolution ratio and the like, and the transmission power and the antenna gain cannot be accurately estimated under the condition that the indexes are difficult to determine.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a side lobe countermeasure method for SAR, which can emit continuous interference and achieve seamless coverage.
In order to achieve the purpose, the SAR sidelobe countermeasure method adopts a distributed SAR system comprising more than two stations to simultaneously detect and interfere, wherein after at least one station receives an SAR signal of a target and positions the SAR signal, all stations simultaneously aim at the direction of the position of the target to start to interfere until all stations do not detect the SAR signal of the target any more, and the interference is stopped.
In the design of the interference system, the interference power requirement is as follows:
Figure BDA0002291892990000021
wherein, PJFor the interference signal power, R, of the front end of the SAR receiverJAs interference distance, ArJFor effective receiving area of SAR antenna in jammer direction, NE sigma0And N is SAR system noise.
Wherein the interfering signal pattern is dominated by incoherent noise; and all stations adopt a method for processing the forwarding type partial coherent interference in a stable signal receiving period.
Wherein the target is a satellite-borne, airborne or missile-borne SAR satellite.
The working mode of the target SAR is scanning type, strip type, beam type or sliding beam type.
Wherein the target SAR is an interferometric SAR or SAR-GMTI.
Wherein, when the interference is completed, the jammer platform is located on the ground, on the water surface, in the air or in the space.
Has the advantages that:
the invention realizes interference continuous coverage, increases the total shield area, reduces the complexity of the equipment, reduces the scale of the equipment and greatly increases the cost-effectiveness ratio of the equipment. Aiming at the problems of discontinuous scout reception caused by the existence of the SAR extremely low side lobe and zero point, low entering efficiency of interference signals and discontinuous interference images in the SAR side lobe countermeasure by a single station, the invention adopts a countermeasure scheme of multi-station distributed combination, and multi-station scout can obviously increase the side lobe reception probability, prolong the reliable reception time and ensure continuous scout; the multi-station interference can obviously increase the entering efficiency of interference signals and enlarge the shielding range; aiming at the proposed multi-station countermeasure scheme, the SAR core performance-based interference power demand estimation method is independent of the actual working distance of the SAR, is particularly suitable for accurately determining the interference power, can greatly simplify the power demand calculation process, reduces the assumed conditions and increases the reliability of the power demand calculation result.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional single-station interference scenario and interference effect;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-station interference scenario and interference effect according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the interference working flow of the two-station cooperative detection of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention particularly relates to a series of optimization methods for performing side lobe countermeasure on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR for short), and multi-station distributed cooperative reconnaissance and cooperative interference are adopted.
Taking the combined use of 2 pairs of stations as an example, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of 2-station interference scenarios and interference effects.
Wherein fig. 2(a) is a schematic diagram of a 2-station interference scenario, two interference stations are spaced about 40km apart in azimuth and 20km apart in range, and are configured identically, and simultaneously detect and transmit interference signals. Fig. 2(b) shows the distribution of the two stations receiving the superimposed signal, and it can be seen that, in the SAR transit process (from bottom to top), the area where the interfering station experiences side lobe irradiation below-40 dB is greatly reduced, increasing the continuous detection time, and similarly, the efficiency of entering the interfering superimposed signal is greatly improved. The connected region in the middle of FIG. 2(c) visually expresses the interference detection effective region. Fig. 2(d) is a schematic diagram of the interference effect, and the continuous coverage effect of the interference image can be seen. The two stations can carry out reconnaissance information cooperation, but do not need signal cooperation, thereby reducing the implementation difficulty, and simultaneously providing reconnaissance information in a complementary way to form situation information.
The schematic diagram of the interference working flow of the two-station cooperative reconnaissance is shown in fig. 3, at least one station receives a transit SAR satellite or an empty unmanned SAR signal, and after the transit SAR satellite or the empty unmanned SAR signal is positioned, the two stations simultaneously aim at the direction of the position of the satellite or the unmanned SAR to transmit the interference signal until the two stations do not receive the SAR signal any more. The interference signal pattern is mainly incoherent noise, and the two stations can adopt a method for processing the forwarding type partially coherent interference in a stable signal receiving period.
As an interference object, a core signal-to-noise ratio index designed by the SAR system is a noise equivalent backscattering coefficient, which is defined as a backscattering coefficient corresponding to an input signal having the same output level as a system noise, that is, an echo signal level when the signal-to-noise ratio is 1, and has the following formula:
Figure BDA0002291892990000041
Figure BDA0002291892990000042
wherein NE σ0Is a noise equivalent backscattering coefficient, PrIs that the backscattering coefficient is sigma0The power of the ground feature scattering echo signal, N is SAR system noise, and the power is equivalent to the power of the distributed ground feature before and after imaging processing according to the SAR principle. Receiving SAR by assuming that the interference signal is non-coherent noise interferenceThe power of the interference signal at the front end of the machine is equivalent to that the backscattering coefficient is sigmaJAs long as σ is the scattering power of the ground objectJGreater than NE σ0An effective mask is formed, satisfying the following equation:
Figure BDA0002291892990000043
when the interference distance is RJThe effective receiving area of the SAR antenna in the direction of the jammer is ArJIn time, the jammer power requirement is obtained as:
Figure BDA0002291892990000044
wherein, PJFor the interference signal power, R, of the front end of the SAR receiverJAs interference distance, ArJFor effective receiving area of SAR antenna in jammer direction, NE sigma0And N is SAR system noise.
In practical application, the noise N of the SAR system is almost only related to the bandwidth, and NE sigma of SAR in different wave bands0It is easier to estimate and determine the range, σJThe power requirement of the interference is mainly determined by the interference distance and the gain of the SAR receiving antenna according to the interference covering requirement. The interference power requirement is independent of SAR platform height, working mode, resolution, distance to the target area, equivalent radiation power and the like. It can be seen that the power requirement is only related to the backscattering coefficient of the pre-covered ground object, the equivalent backscattering coefficient of the SAR noise of the interference object, the working bandwidth of the SAR, the interference distance and the effective receiving area of the SAR antenna in the direction of the interference machine, and is unrelated to the actual working distance, the working mode, the resolution and the like of the SAR.
Wherein the interfering signal pattern is dominated by incoherent noise; and all stations adopt a method for processing the forwarding type partial coherent interference in a stable signal receiving period.
Wherein the target is a satellite-borne, airborne or missile-borne SAR satellite.
The working mode of the target SAR is scanning type, strip type, beam type or sliding beam type.
Wherein the target SAR is an interferometric SAR or SAR-GMTI.
Wherein, when the interference is completed, the jammer platform is located on the ground, on the water surface, in the air or in the space.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A SAR sidelobe countermeasure method is characterized in that a distributed SAR system comprising more than two stations is adopted for simultaneous reconnaissance and interference, wherein after at least one station receives an SAR signal of a target and positions the SAR signal, all stations simultaneously aim at the direction of the position of the target to start interference until all stations do not receive the SAR signal of the target any more, and the interference is stopped;
in the SAR system, the interference power requirement is:
Figure FDA0002838258540000011
wherein, PJFor the interference signal power, R, of the front end of the SAR receiverJAs interference distance, ArJEffective receiving area, NE sigma, of SAR antenna corresponding to target SAR sidelobe signal in jammer direction0Is the noise equivalent backscattering coefficient, N is the SAR system noise, σJIndicating the desired backscatter coefficient to be achieved.
2. The SAR sidelobe countermeasure method of claim 1, wherein said interference signal pattern is dominated by incoherent noise; and all stations adopt a method for processing the forwarding type partial coherent interference in a stable signal receiving period.
3. The SAR sidelobe countermeasure method of claim 1, wherein the target is a satellite-borne, airborne or missile-borne SAR satellite.
4. The SAR sidelobe countermeasure method of claim 1, characterized in that the operation mode of the target SAR is scanning, striping, beamforming or sliding beamforming.
5. The SAR sidelobe countermeasure method of claim 1, wherein the target SAR is an interferometric SAR or SAR-GMTI.
6. The SAR sidelobe countermeasure method of claim 1, wherein upon completion of the interference, the jammer platform is located on the ground, on the water, in the air or in space.
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CN112255602B (en) * 2020-10-20 2021-07-16 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 Noise equivalent backscattering coefficient determination method of FMCW-SAR system
CN112946651B (en) * 2021-04-23 2023-10-27 成都汇蓉国科微系统技术有限公司 Air collaborative sensing system based on distributed SAR

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