CN110911844B - Inhale and penetrate integrative material with broadband wave-transparent window - Google Patents
Inhale and penetrate integrative material with broadband wave-transparent window Download PDFInfo
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- CN110911844B CN110911844B CN201911189277.2A CN201911189277A CN110911844B CN 110911844 B CN110911844 B CN 110911844B CN 201911189277 A CN201911189277 A CN 201911189277A CN 110911844 B CN110911844 B CN 110911844B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
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Abstract
The invention provides a suction-transmission integrated material with a broadband wave-transmitting window, and belongs to the technical field of artificial metamaterials. The absorption and transmission integrated material consists of an impedance layer and a frequency selection surface layer, wherein the impedance layer consists of metal layers which are respectively arranged at the centers of two surfaces of a dielectric layer and have special structures, one metal layer is obtained by rotating the other layer by 90 degrees, and the center of the metal layer is designed into an interdigital structure; the frequency selection layer is provided with three layers of metal, so that the effect of a third-order filter is realized. The two are combined together to realize broadband wave absorbing-wave transmitting-wave absorbing effects, the rectangularity of the wave transmitting band of the absorbing and transmitting integrated material is high, and the transition band of the wave transmitting band and the wave absorbing band is narrow; besides, the frequency response is almost the same at the incidence of the horizontally polarized wave and the vertically polarized wave, and the dual polarization characteristic is provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial metamaterials, and particularly relates to a suction-transmission integrated material with a broadband wave-transmitting window.
Background
In modern military, electromagnetic stealth technology is one of the important indexes for evaluating military equipment. The traditional means for realizing electromagnetic stealth include the following: 1. the wave absorbing material is added on the shell of the military equipment, so that the military equipment can absorb electromagnetic waves emitted by enemy radars and reduce reflection; 2. a special appearance is designed for military equipment based on an electromagnetic scattering theory, so that the radar scattering cross section is reduced. However, neither of these methods is suitable for antenna cloaking. The antenna is one of important scattering sources of military equipment, but the normal operation of the antenna is influenced by coating wave-absorbing materials on the surface of the antenna or changing the appearance of the antenna.
One possible means of antenna cloaking is to make the radome with a frequency selective surface. The frequency selection surface is a spatial filter, wave transmission is realized in the working frequency band of the antenna, and the normal work of the antenna is not influenced; and realizing total reflection in other frequency bands and reflecting incident electromagnetic waves. The appearance of the frequency selection surface is designed, electromagnetic waves irradiated to the antenna can be reflected to other directions, and the scattering cross section of the forward radar is reduced. However, with the development of multi-station radar and radar networking technologies, it is not enough to reduce the scattering cross section of the forward radar, and electromagnetic waves reflected to other directions may still be detected by enemy radar.
The absorbing and transmitting integrated material can realize wave transmission in the working frequency band of the antenna and simultaneously realize wave absorption in other frequency bands. The antenna housing is made of the absorption and permeation integrated material, so that the normal work of the antenna can not be influenced, incident electromagnetic waves of other frequency bands can be absorbed, and the antenna can be invisible. According to the distribution of the absorption frequency band and the wave-transparent frequency band, the absorption and transmission integrated material can be divided into the following categories: 1. high-frequency absorption and low-frequency transmission modes; 2. high-frequency wave-transmitting and low-frequency absorption type; 3. an absorption-wave-transmission-absorption type capable of absorbing in both the left and right wave-transmission frequency bands. For the absorption-wave-transmission-absorption type absorption-transmission integrated material, the material can be divided into narrow-band wave-transmission and wide-band wave-transmission according to the width of the wave-transmission frequency band. The two-dimensional structure and the three-dimensional structure can be classified according to the processing mode and the material structure. The narrow-band wave-transmitting wave-absorbing-wave-transmitting-absorbing type artificial electromagnetic material has more researches at home and abroad, but the broadband wave-transmitting wave-absorbing and transmitting integrated material has more practical significance because the working frequency band of the antenna of most military equipment has certain bandwidth. At present, the existing wave-absorbing-wave-transmitting-wave-absorbing type artificial electromagnetic material with broadband wave transmission adopts a three-dimensional structure, has higher processing difficulty and is a single-polarization material.
Therefore, research on a broadband wave absorbing-wave transmitting-wave absorbing type absorption and transmission integrated material with two-dimensional dual polarization is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a transmission and absorption integrated material with a broadband wave-transmitting window, which is composed of an impedance layer and a frequency selection surface layer, realizes broadband wave absorption-wave transmission-wave absorption effects together, has almost the same frequency response under incidence of horizontal polarized waves and vertical polarized waves, and has dual polarization characteristics.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a suction and transmission integrated material with a broadband wave-transmitting window comprises n x n structural units, wherein each structural unit comprises an impedance layer and a frequency selection surface layer, each impedance layer comprises a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer and a second metal layer, each frequency selection surface layer consists of four basic units, and each basic unit sequentially comprises a third metal layer, a second dielectric layer, a fourth metal layer, a third dielectric layer and a fifth metal layer from top to bottom; the interdigital structure consists of seven metal strips with the same width, one end of the interdigital structure is connected with the rectangle from left to right in sequence, the two ends of the middle fourth metal strip are connected with the rectangle, and the distance between the fourth metal strip and the third metal strip as well as the distance between the fourth metal strip and the fifth metal strip are d1The distance between other adjacent metal strips is d2(ii) a The second metal layer is obtained by rotating the first metal layer by 90 degrees by taking the center as an origin, and the first metal layer and the second metal layer are respectively positioned at the centers of the upper surface and the lower surface of the first medium layer; the third metal layer and the fifth metal layer are square, and the fourth metal layer is cross-shaped; the impedance layer and the frequency selective surface layer have the same size, and the distance between the impedance layer and the frequency selective surface layer is D and is four times of the central frequencyOne-half wavelength, the intermediate fill medium is air.
Further, the number n of the structural units is more than or equal to 8.
Further, the width of the rectangle in the first metal layer is 3mm, and the length of the rectangle in the first metal layer is 10.3 mm; the gap distance interdigital structure is 2mm, and the width of the gap is 0.5 mm; the length of the lower bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoid is 9.5mm, and the height of the lower bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoid is 1.5 mm; the width of metal strip is 0.2mm, and the length of middle fourth metal strip is 5mm, and the length of remaining six metal strips is 4.1mm, the interval between fourth metal strip and the both sides metal strip in the middle of the interdigital structure is d10.3mm, the spacing d between the other adjacent metal strips2Is 0.2 mm; the distance D between the impedance layer and the frequency selective surface layer was 18 mm.
Further, the resistance value of the welding at the gap between the first metal layer and the second metal layer is 100 Ω.
Further, the thickness of the first dielectric layer is 0.254mm, and the size is 30mm multiplied by 30 mm; the thickness of the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer is 1.524mm, and the size is 15mm multiplied by 15 mm; the side lengths of the square third metal layer and the square fifth metal layer are 14.24mm, the length of the cross-shaped fourth metal layer is 15mm, and the width of the cross-shaped fourth metal layer is 6 mm.
Further, the metal of the metal layer may be copper, gold, silver, or the like, and the material of the first dielectric layer is Rogers R O4350B; the material of the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer is Taconic RF-35.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the combination of the impedance layer and the frequency selection surface layer in the structural unit designed by the invention ensures that the frequency bands with the reflection coefficient lower than-10 dB and the transmission coefficient lower than-10 dB are 1.65-3.27GHz and 4.57-6.35GHz, and the structural unit has broadband wave-absorbing characteristics; the bandwidth with the transmission coefficient higher than-1 dB is 3.70-4.23GHz, and the wave-transmitting bandwidth is wider; and the rectangularity of the transmission band of the absorption and transmission integrated material is high, and the transition band of the transmission band and the absorption band is narrow.
2. The absorption and transmission integrated material designed by the invention has high symmetry, almost same frequency response under incidence of horizontal polarized waves and vertical polarized waves, and good dual polarization characteristics.
3. The invention designs the absorption-transmission integrated material which is formed by combining two-dimensional structures, can be realized by a printed PCB (printed Circuit Board), has low cost and simple processing, has the characteristic of miniaturization and has the unit size of less than one sixth wavelength
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a structural unit of the wicking monolithic material of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first metal layer in the resistance layer.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a frequency selective surface layer.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the structural units of the integrated absorbent material of the present invention at 3X 3.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the simulation result of the frequency response of the integrated absorption-permeation material of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings.
A suction and transmission integrated material with a broadband wave-transparent window comprises n x n structural units, wherein the structural units are shown in figure 1, each structural unit comprises a resistance layer 1 and a frequency selection surface layer 6, the distance D between the frequency selection surface layer and the resistance layer is 18mm, and air is arranged in the middle of the frequency selection surface layer and the resistance layer; the size of the impedance layer is 30mm multiplied by 30mm, and the impedance layer comprises a first metal layer 2, a first dielectric layer 3 and a second metal layer 4; the first metal layer 2 and the second metal layer 4 have the same structure, the second metal layer is obtained by rotating the first metal layer by 90 degrees with the center as the origin, the first metal layer 2 and the second metal layer 4 are respectively positioned at the centers of the upper surface and the lower surface of the first dielectric layer 3, the thickness of the first dielectric layer 3 is 0.254mm, the size is 30mm multiplied by 30mm, and the material is Rogers RO43 4350B;
the structure of the first metal layer is shown in fig. 2, the center of the first metal layer is an interdigital structure 7, two ends of the interdigital structure are respectively connected with a rectangle 8, the other end of the rectangle is connected with the upper bottom edge of an isosceles trapezoid 9, and the rectangle is arranged at a position close to the interdigital structureA slot 10 is used for welding a resistor, and a 100 ohm resistor 5 packaged by 0402 is selected during actual welding; the interdigital structure consists of seven metal strips with the same width, the width is 0.2mm, one end of each metal strip is sequentially connected with the rectangle from left to right, the two ends of the middle fourth metal strip are connected with the rectangle, the length of the middle fourth metal strip is 5mm, the lengths of the other six metal strips are 4.1mm, and the distance d between the middle fourth metal strip and the left and right adjacent third metal strip and the fifth metal strip is equal to the distance d between the middle fourth metal strip and the left and right adjacent third metal strip and the fifth metal strip10.3mm, the spacing d between the other adjacent metal strips2Are all 0.2 mm; rectangle 8 wide is 3mm, and isosceles trapezoid's lower base length is 9.5mm, and the height is 1.5mm, the gap position is in the position of 2mm apart from the interdigital structure, and the gap width is 0.5 mm.
The size of the frequency selective surface layer 6 is 30mm × 30mm, and the frequency selective surface layer is formed by arranging four basic units according to 2 × 2, the structure of the basic units is shown in fig. 3, the size of the basic units is 15mm × 15mm, and the basic units are a third metal layer 11, a second dielectric layer 12, a fourth metal layer 13, a third dielectric layer 14 and a fifth metal layer 15 in sequence from top to bottom; the third metal layer 11 and the fifth metal layer 15 are both squares with the side length of 14.24mm, the second dielectric layer 12 and the third dielectric layer 14 are both 15mm multiplied by 15mm in size and 1.524mm in thickness, and the dielectric material is Taconic RF-35; the fourth metal layer 13 is cross-shaped, the length of the cross shape is 15mm, and the width of the cross shape is 6 mm.
The above dimensions are all specific dimensions which are calculated and optimized, and if the dimensions change, the absorption/transmission effect is deteriorated, for example, when the dimensions of the central interdigital structure change, the wave transmission effect also changes, and the wave transmission bandwidth (S21 is larger than-1 dB) is reduced.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the structural units in 3X 3. However, in the experiment, the horn antenna is used to generate an incident field, and when the distance is long and the measured surface is large enough, the incident field can be regarded as a quasi-uniform plane wave, so that the structural units are designed to be arranged according to the standard of more than 8 multiplied by 8, so as to obtain a more accurate test effect. When the absorption and transmission integrated material works, when electromagnetic waves vertically enter from the upper part of the impedance layer, the metal structure parallel to the polarization direction of the electric field is equivalent to inductance, and the metal wire vertical to the polarization direction of the electric field is equivalent to capacitance. The frequency selection surface is equivalent to a space band-pass filter, and shows wave-transparent characteristics within the range of 3.70-4.23 GHz.
The interdigital structure at the center of the impedance layer is equivalent to a capacitance-inductance resonance circuit, and the material shows wave-transparent characteristics near a resonance point. The smaller the capacitance value, the wider the wave-transparent band. Through adjusting the capacitance and the inductance value, the resonance frequency point is at 4GHz, and wave transmission is realized within the range of 3.70-4.23 GHz. The impedance layer and the frequency selection surface layer are wave-transparent, the whole material reaches S21 ≥ 1dB within the range of 3.70-4.23GHz, and the wave-transparent characteristic is displayed. In addition, the frequency selective surface is provided with three layers of metal structures, which is equivalent to a three-order filter, and the wave-transmitting frequency band rectangularity is better, so that the wave-transmitting frequency band rectangularity of the absorption-transmission integrated material is also better, and the range of a transition band from a wave-absorbing band to a wave-transmitting band is reduced. The advantages of this are: the absorption and transmission integrated material is mainly applied to antenna stealth, wherein the transmission band is superposed with the working frequency band of the antenna, so that the radiation field of the antenna can be transmitted out with low loss; the absorption band is outside the working frequency band of the antenna and absorbs external radar waves; in the transition zone, the transmission effect and the absorption effect are poor, the antenna can not normally work, and the external radar waves can not be absorbed, the stealth effect is poor, so that the transition zone is narrow as much as possible. Within the range of 1.65-3.27GHz and 4.57-6.35GHz, the resonance frequency point of the interdigital resonance structure is deviated, so that the interdigital resonance structure has small effect. The rectangle of the impedance layer parallel to the polarization direction of the electric field is equivalent to an inductor, the gap between the trapezoid wide sides of two adjacent units is equivalent to a capacitor, and a welded resistor is added to form a resistor-inductor-capacitor series circuit, and the impedance characteristic of the series circuit can be well matched with air by adjusting the parameter value of the series circuit. At the moment, the frequency selection surface shows total reflection characteristics, the frequency selection surface and the upper impedance layer are combined to form a circuit simulation absorber, the electric field intensity of the position of the impedance layer is enhanced, the strong electric field excites current in the impedance layer, the current can be absorbed by the resistor when flowing through the resistor, the electric energy is converted into heat energy to be dissipated, and the wave absorbing effect is realized (S11 is less than or equal to-10 dB and S21 is less than or equal to-10 dB). The shape and size of the uppermost metal layer and the lowermost metal layer of the impedance layer are the same, and the orientations are orthogonal, so that the absorbing and transmitting integrated material can display the same wave absorbing/transmitting characteristics under two vertically polarized incident fields.
As shown in fig. 5, TE wave and TM wave are incident on the intrinsic absorption and transmission integrated material to simulate two orthogonal polarized wave incidence. And performing electromagnetic simulation, wherein the abscissa is frequency and the ordinate is S parameter. It can be seen that the S parameter curve has better consistency when TE wave incidence and TM wave incidence, and the absorption and transmission integrated material is proved to have better dual polarization characteristic. In the range of 3.70-4.23GHz, S21 of two polarizations is larger than-1 dB, and wave-transmitting characteristics are displayed. In the ranges of 1.65-3.27GHz and 4.57-6.35GHz, S11 of the two polarizations is less than-10 dB, and S21 is less than-10 dB, so that the wave-absorbing characteristic is displayed. The transition bandwidth between the transmission band and the left absorption band is 3.27-3.70 GHz, the transition bandwidth between the transmission band and the right absorption band is 4.23-4.57 GHz, and the transition band is narrow. The size of the absorption and permeation integrated material is 30mm multiplied by 30mm, the maximum working wavelength is 181mm, the unit size is less than one sixth wavelength, and the absorption and permeation integrated material has the characteristic of miniaturization.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise; all of the disclosed features, or all of the method or process steps, may be combined in any combination, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Claims (6)
1. The absorption and transmission integrated material with the broadband wave-transmitting window is characterized by comprising n multiplied by n structural units, wherein each structural unit comprises an impedance layer and a frequency selection surface layer, the impedance layer comprises a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer and a second metal layer, the frequency selection surface layer consists of four basic units, the basic units sequentially comprise a third metal layer, a second dielectric layer, a fourth metal layer, a third dielectric layer and a fifth metal layer from top to bottom, the center of the first metal layer is of an interdigital structure, two ends of the interdigital structure are respectively connected with a rectangle, the other end of the rectangle is connected with the upper bottom edge of an isosceles trapezoid, and a gap is formed in the position, close to the interdigital structure, of the rectangle and used for welding a resistor; the interdigital structures consist of seven structures with the same widthThe metal strip is formed, the two ends of the middle fourth metal strip are connected with the rectangle, and the distance between the fourth metal strip and the third metal strip as well as the distance between the fourth metal strip and the fifth metal strip are d1The distance between other adjacent metal strips is d2(ii) a The second metal layer is obtained by rotating the first metal layer by 90 degrees by taking the center as an origin, and the first metal layer and the second metal layer are respectively positioned at the centers of the upper surface and the lower surface of the first medium layer; the third metal layer and the fifth metal layer are square, and the fourth metal layer is cross-shaped; the impedance layer and the frequency selection surface layer have the same size, the distance between the impedance layer and the frequency selection surface layer is D, the distance is a quarter wavelength of the center frequency, and the middle filling medium is air.
2. The integral absorbing and transmitting material with the broadband wave-transparent window as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number n of the structural units is more than or equal to 8.
3. The integrated absorptive and transmissive material with a broadband wave-transparent window according to claim 1, wherein the rectangle in the first metal layer has a width of 3mm and a length of 10.3 mm; the gap distance interdigital structure is 2mm, and the width of the gap is 0.5 mm; the length of the lower bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoid is 9.5mm, and the height of the lower bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoid is 1.5 mm; the width of metal strip is 0.2mm, and the length of middle fourth metal strip is 5mm, and the length of remaining six metal strips is 4.1mm, the interval between fourth metal strip and the both sides metal strip in the middle of the interdigital structure is d10.3mm, the spacing d between the other adjacent metal strips2Is 0.2 mm; the distance D between the impedance layer and the frequency selective surface layer was 18 mm.
4. The integrated absorptive and transparent material with a broadband wave-transparent window according to claim 1, wherein the resistance value of the weld at the gap between the first metal layer and the second metal layer is 100 Ω.
5. The integral absorptive material with a broadband wave-transparent window according to claim 1, wherein the first dielectric layer has a thickness of 0.254mm and dimensions of 30mm x 30 mm; the thickness of the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer is 1.524mm, and the size is 15mm multiplied by 15 mm; the side lengths of the square third metal layer and the square fifth metal layer are 14.24mm, the length of the cross-shaped fourth metal layer is 15mm, and the width of the cross-shaped fourth metal layer is 6 mm.
6. The integral absorptive and transparent material with a broadband wave-transparent window according to claim 1, wherein the metal of the metal layer is copper, gold or silver; the first dielectric layer is made of Rogers RO 4350B; the material of the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer is Taconic RF-35.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111525256B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-06-15 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Heterogeneous conformal low-RCS airborne radome |
| CN111697335B (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2021-07-20 | 盛纬伦(深圳)通信技术有限公司 | Radar antenna housing with mixed absorption and diffuse scattering |
| CN113381194B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2023-06-02 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所 | Frequency selective wave absorber |
| CN113381201B (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2022-07-15 | 宁波大学 | Broadband wave-absorbing structure with frequency selectivity transmission function |
| CN114361806B (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2023-05-02 | 西安电子科技大学 | Miniaturized integrated frequency selective surface that absorbs thoroughly |
| CN114498052B (en) * | 2022-02-09 | 2023-04-18 | 西安电子科技大学 | Low-profile broadband super-surface structure with wave-absorbing and wave-transmitting amplitude regulation and control characteristics |
| CN114883810A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-08-09 | 电子科技大学 | Miniaturized multi-band polarization insensitive flexible extensible frequency selection surface |
| CN115360526B (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2023-07-18 | 西安电子科技大学 | Frequency selective super-surface structure with double wave-transmitting frequency bands and three wave-absorbing frequency bands |
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