CN110875911B - Communication protocol and communication method for supporting automatic identification of single data packet data bit number - Google Patents
Communication protocol and communication method for supporting automatic identification of single data packet data bit number Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
A communication method and a communication protocol for supporting automatic recognition of data bit number of data packets, comprising: coding the data by adopting a return-to-zero code coding format; after a series of data of a desired number of bits, a stop signal is added, said stop signal defining the number of bits of data contained in a data packet. The communication method supporting automatic identification of the data bit number of the data packet can realize the change of the data bit number transmitted by each data packet.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of communication, in particular to a communication protocol and a communication method for supporting automatic identification of single data packet data bit number.
Background
A communication protocol refers to the rules and conventions that must be followed by two entities to complete a communication or service. The protocol defines the format used by the data unit, the information and meaning that the information unit should contain, the manner of connection, and the timing of the sending and receiving of the information, thereby ensuring that the data is smoothly transmitted to a certain place in the network.
In the conventional single-wire communication protocol, the number of data bits contained in each data packet is fixed. When such a communication protocol is used, a disadvantage occurs in that the number of data bits included in each data packet cannot be changed at any time according to actual use requirements. For example, when a high communication rate is required, the number of data bits per packet cannot be automatically reduced to reduce the requirement for communication bandwidth, and when high-precision data transmission is required, the number of data bits per packet cannot be automatically increased to improve the data precision.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a communication protocol and a communication method for supporting automatic identification of single data packet data digit, which realize reliable and convenient communication and can automatically identify the data packet data digit in the communication process.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a communication method supporting automatic identification of data bit number of a packet, comprising: coding the data by adopting a return-to-zero code coding format; after a series of data of a desired number of bits, a stop signal is added, said stop signal defining the number of bits of data contained in a data packet.
Optionally, the first reset signal is used as a frame header of the data frame, the second reset signal is used as a frame tail of the data frame, one or more data packets are set in one data frame, and the number of the data packets in the data frame is equal to the number of the stop signals.
Optionally, under the cascade transmission condition, the data frame includes a plurality of data packets, and a delay signal is added after each stop signal, where the delay signal is used as a transmission interval between adjacent data packets in the data frame.
Optionally, the stop signal is a high level signal of one symbol width; the delay signal is a low level signal with one code element width; the first reset signal is a low level signal greater than one symbol width; the second reset signal is a low level signal greater than one symbol width.
Optionally, under the cascade transmission condition, after receiving the first reset signal of the data frame, the decoding device performs a decoding process and a shaping process; the decoding process comprises decoding a first data packet in a current data frame; the shaping process comprises the steps of extending the width of the first reset signal to occupy the code element position of the decoded first data packet which is decoded currently, and sending the shaped result to the next-stage decoding equipment as a new data frame; the next decoding device repeats the above process until all the packets in the data frame are decoded.
Optionally, the method includes: data is compiled by adopting a return-to-zero code coding format; after every other string of data with the required number of bits, there is a stop signal as an end of data flag in a data packet, so that the stop signal is used to determine the number of data bits contained in each data packet.
Optionally, the data frame uses the first reset signal as a frame header, uses the second reset signal as a frame tail, and uses the first reset signal and the second reset signal as an interval between the data frames; the data frame comprises one or more data packets, and the number of the data packets in the data frame is equal to the number of the stop signals.
Optionally, under the cascade transmission condition, the data frame includes a plurality of data packets, and a delay signal is provided after each stop signal in the data frame, where the delay signal is used as a transmission interval between adjacent data packets in the data frame.
Optionally, the stop signal is a high level signal of one symbol width; the delay signal is a low level signal with one code element width; the first reset signal is a low level signal greater than one symbol width; the second reset signal is a low level signal greater than one symbol width.
Optionally, under the cascade transmission condition, the first reset signal is a start signal for performing a decoding process and a shaping process, and the second reset signal is an end signal for performing the decoding process and the shaping process; the decoding process comprises decoding a first data packet in a current data frame; the shaping process comprises extending the width of the first reset signal to occupy the symbol position of the first data packet which is decoded currently, and using the shaped result as a new data frame; the process is repeated for a new data frame.
In one aspect of the technical solution of the present invention, a new communication method is defined by using a return-to-zero code encoding manner, and the number of bits of data transmitted by each data packet can be changed by further using a stop signal, a delay signal, a first reset signal, and a second reset signal. Moreover, the method can change the bit number of each data packet without changing any hardware.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a single IC using the communication method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a data frame containing only one data packet in the communication method according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a signal waveform of a return-to-zero code for data and two flag bits in another communication method according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 shows a complete data packet transmission format in the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a circuit connection diagram of a plurality of ICs in cascade communication using the protocol in the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 shows a format of a data frame received by each IC when multiple ICs are cascaded in the communication method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Return to zero codes are codes in which the signal level is restored to zero within one symbol. The high level is maintained for a while during the whole symbol period, and the low level is returned for the rest of the time. The transmission value is determined by comparing the ratio between the high level and the low level.
Existing return-to-zero code correlation techniques involve reducing the error rate of the return-to-zero code, increasing the transmission distance of the return-to-zero code, or making the return-to-zero code more suitable for transmitting certain types of data, such as video signal transmissions.
Therefore, the invention provides a new communication protocol and a method, which utilize the return-to-zero code as a coding mode and realize a reliable and convenient communication protocol and a method capable of automatically identifying the data bit number of the data packet through a self-defined communication protocol.
For a more clear presentation, the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a communication method for supporting automatic identification of data bit number of data packets, which comprises the following steps:
coding the data by adopting a return-to-zero code coding format;
after a series of data of a desired number of bits, a Stop signal (Stop signal) for defining the number of bits of data contained in a data packet is added.
The above communication method may specifically correspond to the circuit connection diagram shown in fig. 1, that is, the circuit connection diagram shown in fig. 1 is used by a single IC to perform communication by using the method. Where DI is the serial data receive port of the IC and Host is the Host that sends the serial data. The serial data output port of the Host is connected to the serial data receiving port of the IC, so that the data sent by the Host can be transmitted into the IC.
In other embodiments, the IC may be replaced by MCU, PC, PLC, etc. which may implement encoding and decoding.
The embodiment of the invention realizes the purpose of freely changing the bit number transmitted by each data packet by utilizing the stop signal based on the return-to-zero code. With this method, the number of bits per packet can be changed at will without changing any hardware (and sometimes even without changing the software). Namely, by using the method, the free conversion between high-precision transmission and high-speed transmission can be realized by changing the bit number of each transmission data packet according to actual requirements without replacing decoding equipment such as a chip or a decoder.
For example, if the frequency of transmitting packets is 10MHz, and the width (number of data bits) of each packet is initially set to 16 bits, the bit rate of transmission needs to be 160 Mbit/s. If the external device cannot reach the transmission rate of 160Mbit/s, the communication method can reduce the width of each data packet to 8 bits by the stop signal, so that the bit rate of transmission is required to be reduced to 80 Mbit/s. The requirement on external equipment can be reduced under the condition of not replacing the decoding equipment, so that the method can better adapt to occasions with different requirements.
Fig. 2 shows a data frame containing only one data packet. A data frame is an aggregate of all operations required to complete a data transfer, including one or more data packets along with a first Reset signal (left Reset, header) and a second Reset signal (right Reset, trailer). That is, in this embodiment, the header and the trailer of each frame of data are both a Reset signal, and the two signals are the same (in other embodiments, the two signals may be different), which can be used as both the interval of the data frame and the Reset signal to the serial data receiving end, so that the state of the receiving device is known.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides another communication method supporting automatic identification of data bits of a packet, including:
coding the data by adopting a return-to-zero code coding format;
after a series of data of a desired number of bits, a stop signal is added, said stop signal defining the number of bits of data contained in a data packet.
Under the cascade transmission condition, the data frame of this embodiment includes a plurality of data packets, and a delay signal is added after each stop signal, where the delay signal is used as a transmission interval between adjacent data packets in the data frame.
In this embodiment, the first reset signal is used as a header of the data frame, the second reset signal is used as a trailer of the data frame, one or more data packets are set in one data frame, and the number of the data packets in the data frame is equal to the number of the stop signals.
In this embodiment, the stop signal is a high level signal of one symbol width; the delay signal is a low level signal with one code element width; the first reset signal is a low level signal greater than one symbol width; the second reset signal is a low level signal greater than one symbol width.
The stop signal is used as a flag indicating that the data transmission in the data packet is completed. The delay signal is an inter-packet interval when transmitted as a plurality of packets. The first reset signal and the second reset signal are flag signals respectively added to a header and a trailer of each frame data as intervals of each frame data.
Fig. 3 shows the signal waveform of the return-to-zero code and two flag bits. As shown in fig. 3, the ratio of high to low time is 1: and 3 represents a transmitted value of 0 (code 0). The ratio of high level to low level time is 3: a 1 then represents a value of 1(1 code) for the transmission. In other embodiments, the ratio of high to low time may be 1: n represents the transmission value is 0, and the ratio of the high level to the low level is n: a level signal of 1 represents a transmitted value of 1. Where n is a positive integer, and the value thereof can be defined according to specific requirements (for example, the above-mentioned case shown in fig. 3 is that n is 3).
In addition, since the present embodiment defines the stop signal, the delay signal, the first reset signal and the second reset signal, these four signals can be represented by pulses with different ratios of high and low levels, or high and low levels with different time lengths. In fig. 3, the case as described above is shown, where the high level defining one symbol width is the Stop signal (Stop) and the low level defining one symbol width is the Delay signal (Delay). It should be noted that the first reset signal and the second reset signal are not shown in fig. 3, but they may be the same width, for example, may be a low level of two symbol widths.
In addition, a low level greater than a certain time is defined as a first overlapped signal, and a low level greater than another time is defined as a second overlapped signal. The first overlapped signal and the second overlapped signal may be equal or not, but their levels (e.g., low level) are greater than one symbol width, so that the widths of the first overlapped signal and the second overlapped signal can be set according to actual requirements, unlike the delayed signal.
Fig. 4 shows the complete one packet transmission format. A data packet is an aggregate of data and corresponding flag bits that needs to be sent to a receiving end. The data contained in the data packet is written in accordance with the coding format of the return-to-zero code. After the data is encoded (e.g., the corresponding 0 code and 1 code in fig. 3), a high level of one symbol width is added as a Stop signal (Stop) for indicating that the signal transmission is completed. And a Delay signal (Delay) is added after the stop signal. The effect of the delay signal is that, during concatenation, the host has enough time to prepare the next data packet to be sent, and the receiving end also has enough time to decode the currently received data (data packet) and shape the received data (shaping means that after acquiring the required data packet, the data packet that has been acquired is "removed" from the data frame, and other data packets, the frame header and the frame trailer continue to be new data packets) and send them to the next stage.
As can be seen from the above, since the flag indicating that the data transmission is completed is determined by the stop signal, when the data packet transmission format is adopted, the data with any allowed number of bits can be sent before the stop signal, and the receiving end only needs to count the rising edges received several times before the stop signal to obtain the number of data bits of the data packet, thereby automatically identifying the number of data bits in a single data packet.
Under the condition of cascade transmission, after receiving a first reset signal of a data frame, a decoding device carries out a decoding process and a shaping process; the decoding process comprises decoding a first data packet in a current data frame; the shaping process comprises the steps of extending the width of the first reset signal to occupy the code element position of the decoded first data packet which is decoded currently, and sending the shaped result to the next-stage decoding equipment as a new data frame; the next decoding device repeats the above process until all the packets in the data frame are decoded.
In the above process, for example, a data frame includes three data packets, the first decoder performs a decoding process and a shaping process after receiving the first reset signal of the data frame; the decoding process comprises decoding a first data packet in a current data frame; the shaping process comprises the steps of extending the width of the first reset signal to occupy the code element position of the decoded first data packet which is decoded currently, and sending the shaped result to the next-stage decoding equipment as a new data frame; the next decoding device repeats the above process, in this example, the above process is repeated three times until all the data packets in the data frame are decoded, and at this time, only the reset signal is left in the entire data frame, and there is no data packet, that is, the entire data frame is decoded completely.
To further illustrate the above process, please refer to fig. 5 and 6 in combination.
Fig. 5 shows a line connection diagram when a plurality of decoding apparatuses (ICs) communicate using the method. Each IC is connected in a mode as shown in the figure, DI is a serial data receiving port of the IC, DO is a data output port of the next-level IC after the IC shapes the received serial data and sends the shaped serial data to the Host computer which sends the serial data. The IC receives data from the DI terminal, and after decoding and shaping, the data is sent to the next stage IC from the DO, thereby realizing cascade connection. Fig. 6 shows a format of a data frame received by each decoding apparatus (IC) when a plurality of decoding apparatuses (ICs) are cascaded.
As shown in fig. 6, after detecting the first Reset signal (left Reset signal), data reception may start when a rising edge is detected until a stop signal is received. During the following delay signal, the IC may decode and shape the received data. As shown in fig. 6, the reshaping can be visually understood as "phagocytosing" the portion required for itself, and the remaining portion is forwarded to the next stage. Since the upper level IC has already "swallowed" its own required data packet, the first data packet of the serial data received by the lower level IC is the required data packet. Only the first Reset signal (left Reset signal) is increased by the width of one packet in the serial data received by the IC compared to the IC of the previous stage. Therefore, each IC only needs to "swallow" the first packet of the received data frame and forward the remaining data shaping to the next stage, so as to implement the cascade communication.
By adopting the communication method provided by the embodiment of the invention, a brand-new communication method is defined by adopting a return-to-zero code coding mode, and the change of the data bit number transmitted by each data packet (corresponding change to one free change) is realized by further utilizing the stop signal, the delay signal, the first reset signal and the second reset signal.
The method can change the bit number of each data packet (can automatically change the self-adaptive data bit number, only needs to change the data sending end part according to the requirements of customers, and only needs to change the bit number of each data packet when the data sending end makes the change).
In one specific example, if the transmission rate of the external device can be 8Mbit/s, and the initial setting packet width is 8 bits, then the packet update rate is 1MHz at this time. After the method of the embodiment is adopted, if higher data precision is needed, the width of the data packet can be adjusted to 12 bits or 16 bits, and at the moment, the data precision can be improved only by sacrificing a part of the updating rate of the data packet. For example, in the case of 12 bits, the update rate is reduced to 666.7KHz, and in the case of 16 bits, the update rate is reduced to 500 KHz. This application scenario can correspond to "there are multiunit data to need to gather, when several wherein group data need high accuracy, if adopt this agreement to communicate, then need not to design the circuit alone for several wherein, only need change data packet transmission digit can. The communication method can be applied to various devices and occasions such as chips, single-chip Microcomputers (MCU), Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) and the like which need to adopt single-wire communication. Or, several auxiliary signal lines may be added, but the data transmission mode is also the equipment and occasion of serial communication. Any method that can be used to practice the adaptive transmission bit number by detecting several data bits before the stop signal can be considered to be the same or similar to the present invention. For example, the names and time widths of the corresponding two identification bits of the stop signal and the delay signal may be adjusted as desired. In addition, it may not be necessary to delay the identification bit of the signal, especially in non-concatenated transmissions.
The embodiment of the invention provides a communication protocol supporting automatic identification of data bit number of data packets, which comprises the following steps:
data is compiled by adopting a return-to-zero code coding format;
after every other string of data with the required number of bits, there is a stop signal as an end of data flag in a data packet, so that the stop signal is used to determine the number of data bits contained in each data packet.
In the communication protocol, a data frame takes a first reset signal as a frame head, a second reset signal as a frame tail, and the first reset signal and the second reset signal as intervals among the data frames;
the data frame comprises one or more data packets, and the number of the data packets in the data frame is equal to the number of the stop signals.
In the communication protocol, under the condition of cascade transmission, a data frame comprises a plurality of data packets, and a delay signal is arranged after each stop signal in the data frame and is used as a transmission interval between adjacent data packets in the data frame.
In the communication protocol, the stop signal, the delay signal, the first reset signal and the second reset signal may be further defined as follows:
the stop signal is a high level signal of one code element width;
the delay signal is a low level signal with one code element width;
the first reset signal is a low level signal greater than one symbol width;
the second reset signal is a low level signal greater than one symbol width.
In the communication protocol, under the condition of cascade transmission,
the first reset signal is a starting signal for performing a decoding process and a shaping process, and the second reset signal is an ending signal for performing the decoding process and the shaping process;
the decoding process comprises decoding a first data packet in a current data frame; the shaping process comprises extending the width of the first reset signal to occupy the symbol position of the first data packet which is decoded currently, and using the shaped result as a new data frame; the process is repeated for a new data frame.
By utilizing the communication protocol, equipment such as a chip or a decoder does not need to be replaced, and the free conversion between high-precision transmission and high-speed transmission can be realized by changing the bit number of each transmission data packet according to actual requirements, so that the communication protocol can better adapt to occasions with various different requirements.
Although the present invention is disclosed above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A communication method for supporting automatic identification of packet data bit numbers, comprising:
coding the data by adopting a return-to-zero code coding format;
adding a stop signal after a series of data of a desired number of bits, said stop signal defining the number of bits of data contained in a data packet;
setting one or more data packets in a data frame by using a first reset signal as a frame header of the data frame and a second reset signal as a frame tail of the data frame, wherein the number of the data packets in the data frame is equal to the number of the stop signals;
under the condition of cascade transmission, a data frame comprises a plurality of data packets, and a delay signal is added after each stop signal, wherein the delay signal is used as a transmission interval between adjacent data packets in the data frame; under the condition of cascade transmission, after receiving a first reset signal of a data frame, a decoding device carries out a decoding process and a shaping process; the decoding process comprises decoding a first data packet in a current data frame; the shaping process comprises the steps of extending the width of the first reset signal to occupy the code element position of the first data packet which is decoded currently, and sending the shaped result to the next-stage decoding equipment as a new data frame; the next-stage decoding equipment repeats the process until all the data packets in the data frame are decoded;
the stop signal is a high level signal of one code element width; the delay signal is a low level signal with one code element width; the first reset signal is a low level signal greater than one symbol width; the second reset signal is a low level signal greater than one symbol width.
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