CN110871369A - Positioning device and machining method for thin-wall special-shaped ceramic radome - Google Patents
Positioning device and machining method for thin-wall special-shaped ceramic radome Download PDFInfo
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- CN110871369A CN110871369A CN201911206699.6A CN201911206699A CN110871369A CN 110871369 A CN110871369 A CN 110871369A CN 201911206699 A CN201911206699 A CN 201911206699A CN 110871369 A CN110871369 A CN 110871369A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
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Abstract
The invention provides a positioning device and a processing method of a thin-wall special-shaped ceramic radome, wherein the positioning device comprises: the inner molded surface processing and positioning device is used for clamping and fixing the cover body, so that the inner molded surface of the cover body can be conveniently processed; the inner molded surface processing and positioning device comprises a bottom plate and a vertical plate vertically arranged on the bottom plate; the initial alignment device is used for performing initial alignment on the cover body, so that the cover body can be conveniently processed with a positioning reference; the outer profile machining positioning device is used for clamping and fixing the cover body, so that the outer profile of the cover body can be conveniently machined; the mechanical alignment is carried out by utilizing the initial alignment device, and the initial positioning and alignment of the radome blank are completed; the positioning datum on the positioning device for machining the inner and outer molded surfaces is combined for accurate positioning, the clamping process is quick, the positioning accuracy is high, the consistency is high, the efficiency is greatly improved, and the machining accuracy of the cover body is effectively guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machining of antenna housings, and particularly relates to a positioning device and a machining method for a thin-wall special-shaped ceramic antenna housing.
Background
The antenna housing is an important functional structural member for protecting the missile seeker antenna from working normally in a severe environment, and plays roles in high-temperature wave transmission, heat prevention, heat insulation and the like. At present, the missile generally adopts a thin-wall special-shaped ceramic radome, and due to the characteristics of a forming process, the surface of a formed blank of the special-shaped ceramic radome is extremely rough, and the requirements of dimensional precision and electrical thickness index are met by subsequent machining. However, the special-shaped ceramic radome has a complex shape and structure, a thin wall is easy to deform and the like, the requirement on the uniformity of the wall thickness is high, but no clear processing reference characteristic exists, the inner woven fiber layer cannot be damaged by processing dislocation, the processing difficulty is extremely high, and the main processing difficulty is as follows:
(1) the traditional two-shaft numerical control lathe is only suitable for machining the revolved body antenna housing and cannot meet the machining requirement of the special-shaped non-revolved ceramic antenna housing, and the thin-wall, closed and deep cavity component can meet the machining requirement only by a large-stroke multi-shaft numerical control device;
(2) the clamping and positioning difficulty of the antenna housing blank is large: the antenna housing is of a spatial special-shaped structure, a fabric structure is woven according to a theoretical model, but due to the limitation of self-forming characteristics, the surface of a blank is extremely rough, definite positioning cannot be carried out according to certain characteristics of the appearance, and large interlaminar dislocation of fiber layers is not allowed in processing. The processing benchmark error of the cover body blank initial setting is easy to cause the final processing product to be scrapped. In addition, the outer surface of the cover body blank is rough, and firm clamping and positioning are difficult to realize. Therefore, accurate positioning and firm clamping of the initial spatial position of the blank are one of the technical difficulties whether the product can be processed to be qualified or not.
(3) The machining precision of the antenna housing is difficult to control; the antenna housing has the characteristics of large structural size, special space, narrow deep cavity, thin wall, closed head cone and the like, the machining clamp is easy to deform, the slightly deformed inner and outer surfaces can cause the dislocation of the twice machining space positions, and the thickness dimension of each point can generate larger deviation; the whole length of the cover body is large, particularly when the inner molded surface is processed, the cover body is difficult to clamp and maintain the axis in a straight state, and the thickness of each point of the bus can be greatly deviated due to slight deviation of the angles in the pitching direction and the deflection direction; the inner and outer profiles of the radome are required to be processed respectively, the radome body is required to be clamped and positioned again, the two-time clamping state is extremely difficult to ensure to be completely consistent, the processing datum is extremely difficult to transmit, the profiles processed by the inner and outer profiles twice are staggered, and the integral wall thickness generates errors, which is the biggest technical difficulty in radome processing.
The problems of high cost, long period and low machining precision exist in the machining of the thin-wall special-shaped ceramic radome at present, and an efficient machining method suitable for the actual production of the part needs to be designed, so that the clamping and aligning time of an operator is reduced, the machining period is obviously shortened, the cost is reduced, and the machining precision is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a positioning device and a processing method of a thin-wall special-shaped ceramic radome, which are used for at least solving the problems of difficult setting of a cover body blank primary processing reference, clamping and positioning, processing precision control and the like in the actual processing production of the existing thin-wall special-shaped ceramic radome.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a positioner of thin wall dysmorphism ceramic antenna house, the antenna house is including the cover body, the antenna house is cavity toper structure, positioner includes:
the inner molded surface processing and positioning device is used for clamping and fixing the cover body, so that the inner molded surface of the cover body can be conveniently processed; the inner molded surface processing and positioning device comprises a bottom plate and a vertical plate vertically arranged on the bottom plate, a cavity is arranged on the vertical plate, and the cover body can extend into the cavity and is supported and fixed through the cavity;
the initial alignment device is used for performing initial alignment on the cover body, so that the cover body can be conveniently processed with a positioning reference; the end part of the initial alignment device is provided with a special-shaped round table, and the outer side surface of the special-shaped round table is the same as the shape of part of the inner profile of the cover body;
the outer profile machining positioning device is used for clamping and fixing the cover body, so that the outer profile of the cover body can be conveniently machined; the outer molded surface machining positioning device comprises a positioning disc, a positioning datum is arranged on the positioning disc, the positioning datum on the positioning disc is matched with the positioning datum on the cover body, and the positioning disc is matched with and fixed on a numerical control rotary table of a machine tool.
In the positioning device for the thin-wall special-shaped ceramic radome, preferably, the vertical plate comprises a first vertical plate, a second vertical plate and a third vertical plate which are sequentially arranged along the axis direction of the radome body, the cavities of the first vertical plate, the second vertical plate and the third vertical plate are sequentially reduced, the first vertical plate and the second vertical plate are both provided with an adjusting and supporting structure, and the first vertical plate is also provided with end surface pressing plates which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction and are used for fixedly pressing the end surface of the flared part of the radome body;
preferably, there are eight of the adjusting support structures on the first vertical plate, and four of the adjusting support structures on the second vertical plate;
preferably, a head conical ring is arranged on the end face, facing the second vertical plate, of the third vertical plate, the head conical ring is a circular ring body with a special-shaped inner surface, and the inner surface of the head conical ring is consistent with the shape of the head of the cover body;
preferably, the head cone ring is made of a nylon material.
In the positioning device of the thin-wall special-shaped ceramic radome, preferably,
the adjusting and supporting structure comprises a supporting block and a supporting block, the supporting block is arranged inside the first vertical plate or the second vertical plate, the supporting block is used for being attached to and pressing the outer surface of the cover body tightly, the supporting block penetrates through the first vertical plate or the second vertical plate from the outside of the first vertical plate or the second vertical plate and then is connected with the supporting block, and the supporting block can be controlled to be far away from or close to the cover body;
preferably, annular convex ridges are arranged on the first vertical plate and the end face of the second vertical plate, and the supporting block is arranged inside the annular convex ridges;
the supporting rod is connected with the supporting block after the outer part of the annular convex edge penetrates through the annular convex edge, and the supporting block can be controlled to be far away from or close to the cover body.
In the positioning device for the thin-wall special-shaped ceramic radome, preferably, the initial alignment device further comprises a cylinder and a cuboid, one end of the cylinder is connected with the large end of the special-shaped circular truncated cone, the other end of the cylinder is connected with one end of the cuboid, and the central axes of the special-shaped circular truncated cone, the cylinder and the cuboid are overlapped;
preferably, the special-shaped round table is made of a nylon material, and the cylinder and the cuboid are made of aluminum alloy;
preferably, a central hole is formed in the center of the cuboid, and the axis of the central hole is coaxial with the central line of the cuboid.
In the positioning device for the thin-wall special-shaped ceramic radome, preferably, the positioning reference on the radome body comprises an end face groove arranged on an end face; the positioning datum on the positioning disc comprises an end surface boss, and the end surface boss is matched with the end surface groove to position the cover body;
preferably, the number of the end face grooves is four, and the four end face grooves are distributed on the end face of the cover body in a cross shape;
preferably, the wall surface of the cover body is provided with a pressing groove, the upper surface of the positioning disc is provided with a pressing plate, and the pressing plate can abut against the inside of the pressing groove to fix the cover body.
In the positioning device for the thin-wall special-shaped ceramic radome, preferably, the positioning disk is further provided with a straight plane, the straight plane is formed by cutting off a part of the plane perpendicular to the positioning disk, and the cross section of the rest of the positioning disk is a major arc.
In the positioning device for the thin-wall special-shaped ceramic radome, preferably, the inner profile processing positioning device further comprises a cross which can be clamped into the end face groove and is fixed on the first vertical plate through a pin;
preferably, the central axis of the cross coincides with the central axis of the nose cone ring.
A method for processing a thin-wall special-shaped ceramic radome by a positioning device comprises the following steps:
step S1, primarily positioning and aligning the cover body blank and presetting a reference
Uniformly polishing a radome body blank, installing the radome body blank into an inner molded surface machining and positioning device, inserting a primary alignment device into the radome body, aligning the radome body blank through the shape and position characteristic precision of the primary alignment device, then removing the primary alignment device, and machining a positioning benchmark on the radome body;
step S2, rough machining of outer profile
Clamping and fixing the cover body by using an outer profile machining positioning device, setting X, Y machined and machining reference points of a Z axis according to positioning reference characteristics on the outer profile machining positioning device, and performing outer profile grinding rough machining on the cover body;
step S3, inner profile rough machining
Disassembling the cover body after rough machining of the outer profile, installing and fixing the cover body blank on an inner profile machining positioning device, positioning the cover body blank by using a cross, and further performing inner profile grinding rough machining on the cover body by arranging X, Y for machining and a machining reference point of a Z axis on the end faces of the cross and the cover body blank;
step S4, finishing external surface
Disassembling the cover body after rough machining of the inner profile, performing surface floating treatment on the cover body after rough machining in the step S3, clamping and positioning the cover body in the step S2, and performing outer profile grinding finish machining on the cover body blank;
step S5, inner profile finishing
Disassembling the cover body after the outer profile finish machining, clamping and positioning the cover body as shown in step S3, and carrying out inner profile grinding finish machining on the cover body blank;
step S6, removing the end face machining allowance and measuring the precision
Grinding in different areas to remove the end face allowance of the cover body blank to form a finished antenna housing; and then, the antenna housing is disassembled, and the overall size precision and the shape and position precision of the antenna housing are detected.
In the method, preferably, in step S5, the step of performing inner-profile finishing on the mask blank further includes performing online thickness detection on the mask, and finishing the inner-profile of the mask according to the upper mask thickness limit value;
preferably, the first-level cone wall thickness value of the cover body is detected by adopting a three-coordinate system of the articulated arm during online thickness detection.
In the method as described above, preferably, the grinding of the cover body in steps S2 to S4 is performed by four-axis-linked numerically controlled grinding of the outer profile or the inner profile of the cover body blank in a plurality of passes using a diamond grinding wheel.
Compared with the closest prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following excellent effects:
(1) according to the initial alignment device designed by the invention, the initial positioning and alignment of the closed special-shaped deep-cavity radome blank are directly completed through conventional instruments such as a dial indicator and the like by a mechanical alignment method, so that the problem that the measurement and positioning of a high-precision measuring tool such as a laser measuring instrument cannot be used due to the rough surface of the blank is solved;
(2) according to the antenna housing, the characteristics of end face grooves are preset by utilizing the cover body clamping allowance section of the antenna housing, and the end face boss and the cross structure on the processing and positioning device are combined, so that the problems of accurate positioning and reference transmission of twice processing and twice clamping of the inner and outer surfaces are solved;
(3) according to the inner and outer profile processing positioning device designed by the invention, the processing positioning device is aligned, clamped and fixed on a machine tool only by controlling the manufacturing precision of the positioning device, and then the cover body blank is directly fixed on the processing positioning device through mechanical connection clamping.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a thin-wall special-shaped ceramic radome blank according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the initial positioning, alignment and assembly of the cover blank of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an inner profile processing positioning device and an initial alignment device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a mask blank after pre-machining of a datum according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the outer profile of the mask body of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an outer profile processing positioning device according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the internal profile machining assembly of the mask body of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the end platen configuration of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of an adjusting support structure of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an antenna cover; 11. an end face groove; 12. compressing the groove; 13. an upper surface; 2. an inner molded surface processing and positioning device; 21. a first vertical plate; 22. a second vertical plate; 23. a third vertical plate; 24. a base plate; 25. an end face pressing plate; 26. a support block; 27. a support bar; 28. a nose cone ring; 29. a cross; 210. connecting a pressure plate; 3. a primary alignment device; 31. a special-shaped round table; 32. a cylinder; 33. a cuboid; 4. an outer profile processing and positioning device; 41. positioning the disc; 42. an end face boss; 43. pressing the pressing plate; 44. a central shaft; 45. a straight plane; 46. a step disc; 47. a circular shaft; 5. a pin.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are for convenience of description of the present invention only and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "connected" and "connected" used herein should be interpreted broadly, and may include, for example, a fixed connection or a detachable connection; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intermediate members, and specific meanings of the above terms will be understood by those skilled in the art as appropriate.
As shown in fig. 1 to 10, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a positioning device for a thin-wall special-shaped ceramic radome is provided, where the radome in the present invention includes a radome body, the thin-wall special-shaped radome has a cavity taper structure, a cross section of the radome has a semicircular and semi-elliptical connection structure, and an inner cavity of the radome has a large, closed, and narrow depth. For the wall thickness of the thin-wall radome, the wall thickness of the primary cone at the top of the nose cone is 3.5-4.5mm, and the wall thickness of the secondary cone at the root of the flared end is 10-14mm (such as 11mm, 12mm, 13mm, 14mm), preferably 12 mm. The general antenna house all has one-level awl and second grade awl, and the one-level awl mainly plays wave-transparent isoelectric function, and the wall thickness required precision is higher, and the second grade awl is used for assembling the metal connecting ring, is connected with the projectile body through the go-between, and the one-level awl usually refers to the most region at the first conical top of antenna house, and the root region of the flaring end that the second grade awl refers to.
The positioning device of the embodiment of the invention comprises:
the inner profile processing positioning device 2 is used for clamping and fixing the cover body, so that the inner profile of the cover body can be conveniently processed; the inner profile processing and positioning device 2 comprises a bottom plate 24 and a vertical plate vertically arranged on the bottom plate 24, wherein a cavity is arranged on the vertical plate, and the cover body can extend into the cavity and support and fix the cover body through the cavity; preferably, the main material of the inner profile processing positioning device 2 is 304 stainless steel material.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the vertical plate includes a first vertical plate 21, a second vertical plate 22, and a third vertical plate 23 sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the cover body, wherein the bottom plate 24 and the vertical plate are welded and fixed structures, and of course, other connection manners such as bolt connection, riveting, and the like may be adopted in other embodiments, which is not limited by the comparison of the present invention. The cavities of the first vertical plate 21, the second vertical plate 22 and the third vertical plate 23 are sequentially reduced, preferably, a head conical ring 28 is arranged on the third vertical plate 23, the head conical ring 28 is arranged on the end surface of the third vertical plate 23 facing the second vertical plate 22, the head conical ring 28 is a circular ring body with a special-shaped inner surface, the inner surface of the head conical ring 28 is consistent with the shape of the head of the cover body, and the head conical ring 28 is fixed with the third vertical plate 23 by screws; preferably, nose cone ring 28 is made of nylon material. The first vertical plate 21 and the second vertical plate 22 are both provided with an adjusting support structure for compressing and supporting the outer side surface of the cover body, the first vertical plate 21 is also provided with end surface pressing plates 25 which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the cavity of the first vertical plate 21 and are used for fixing and positioning the end surface of the flared part of the cover body, in the specific embodiment of the invention, four end surface pressing plates 25 are provided, and the four end surface pressing plates 25 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the cavity of the first vertical plate 21.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 9, the end surface pressing plate 25 includes a rectangular flat plate, a screw rod and a pressing nut, the rectangular flat plate is provided with a rectangular through hole, the end surface of the first vertical plate 21 facing the flared end of the cover body is provided with a screw hole, the screw rod passes through the through hole and is screwed into the screw hole, the end surface of the cover body is pressed by the end portion of the flat plate, and the rectangular flat plate is pressed and fixed by the pressing nut; preferably, there are two screws and two compression nuts.
Preferably, there are eight adjusting support structures on the first vertical plate 21 and four adjusting support structures on the second vertical plate 22; according to the different sizes of the inner cross sections of the cover body, the positions with larger cross sections are provided with a plurality of adjusting and supporting structures, so that the outer profile of the cover body is favorably compressed, the processing is more stable, and the processing precision is high.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the adjusting and supporting structure includes a supporting rod 27 and a supporting block 26, the supporting block 26 is disposed inside the first vertical plate 21 or the second vertical plate 22, the supporting block 26 is used for attaching to and pressing the outer surface of the housing, the supporting rod 27 passes through the first vertical plate 21 or the second vertical plate 22 from the outside of the first vertical plate 21 or the second vertical plate 22 and then is connected to the supporting block 26, and the supporting rod 27 can control the supporting block 26 to move away from or close to the housing. Preferably, the end faces of the first vertical plate 21 and the second vertical plate 22 on the same side are provided with annular convex ridges, the annular convex ridges are convenient for placing the support rod 27 and the support block 26, the annular convex ridges are arranged on the first vertical plate 21 and the end face of the second vertical plate 22 close to the flared part of the cover body, the inner surface of the annular convex ridge arranged on the first vertical plate 21 is coplanar with the inner surface of the upper cavity of the first vertical plate 21, the inner surface of the annular convex ridge arranged on the second vertical plate 22 is coplanar with the inner surface of the upper cavity of the second vertical plate 22, and the support block 26 is arranged inside the annular convex ridges; the support rod 27 passes through the annular convex edge from the outside of the annular convex edge and then is connected with the support block 26, and the support rod 27 can control the support block 26 to be far away from or close to the cover body.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 10, the supporting rod 27 is a ball-end adjusting screw, the adjusting and supporting structure further includes a connecting pressing plate 210, the contact portion between the supporting block 26 and the supporting rod 27 is a spherical groove, and the ball-end protrusion of the supporting rod 27 is embedded into the spherical groove, preferably, the curvature of the spherical groove is the same as that of the spherical protrusion; a connecting pressing plate 210 is arranged on the back of the supporting block 26 (i.e. in the direction away from the cover body), the connecting pressing plate is connected with the supporting block 26 through screws, the supporting rod 27 is connected with the supporting block 26, threaded holes are formed in the annular convex edges of the first vertical plate 21 and the second vertical plate 22, the supporting rod 27 penetrates through the threaded holes to be connected with the supporting block 26, and the supporting block 26 is controlled to be away from or close to the cover body through screwing in or screwing out of a ball head adjusting screw.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the inner profile processing and positioning device 2 further comprises a cross 29, the cross 29 can be clamped into the end face groove 11, the width of the cross 29 is matched with the width of the end face groove 11, the cross 29 is fixed on the first vertical plate 21 through a pin 5, and the first vertical plate 21 is provided with a corresponding pin 5 hole; preferably, the center axis 44 of the cross 29 coincides with the center axis 44 of the nose cone ring 28.
The initial alignment device 3 is used for performing initial alignment on the cover body, so that the cover body can be conveniently processed with a positioning reference; the end part of the primary alignment device 3 is provided with a special-shaped round table 31, and the outer side surface of the special-shaped round table 31 is the same as the shape of a section of the inner profile of the cover body; the appearance structure of the special-shaped round platform 31 is matched with the inner profile of one section of the cover body.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the primary alignment device 3 is a combined structure, the primary alignment device 3 further includes a cylinder 32 and a cuboid 33, one end of the cylinder 32 is connected with the large end of the special-shaped circular truncated cone 31, the other end is connected with one end of the cuboid 33, and the central axes 44 of the special-shaped circular truncated cone 31, the cylinder 32 and the cuboid 33 are overlapped; a central hole is formed in the center of the cuboid 33, and the axis of the central hole is coaxial with the central line of the cuboid 33 and used for verifying the machining and manufacturing precision; preferably, the material of the special-shaped round table 31 is nylon material, and the material of the cylinder 32 and the cuboid 33 is aluminum alloy. The special-shaped round table 31 is matched with the ceramic cover body, a nylon material with certain hardness is selected to prevent the cover body from being damaged, the cylinder 32 and the cuboid 33 play a role in connection and alignment, a metal material with higher hardness needs to be selected, and an aluminum alloy material is selected to reduce the weight of the primary alignment device 3.
The outer profile machining positioning device 4 is used for clamping and fixing the cover body, so that the outer profile of the cover body can be conveniently machined; the outer profile machining positioning device 4 comprises a positioning disc 41, a positioning reference is arranged on the positioning disc 41, and the positioning reference on the positioning disc 41 is matched with the positioning reference on the cover body. The positioning disc 41 is connected with the horizontal numerical control turntable in a matching way, the numerical control turntable is a standard accessory of a numerical control machine tool, the numerical control turntable is clamped and fixed on the working table surface of the machine tool, preferably, a step disc 46 is arranged below the positioning disc 41, and the step disc 46 is tightly pressed through a screw, a nut and a standard pressing plate so as to be fixed with the horizontal numerical control turntable; a high-precision round shaft 47 is arranged below the step disc 46 and inserted into a central hole of the horizontal numerical control turntable through the high-precision round shaft 47 to be in small clearance fit with the central hole of the horizontal numerical control turntable. The outer profile processing and positioning device 4 is driven to rotate by the rotation of the numerical control turntable, and the outer profile of the cover body is processed.
Preferably, the outer profile processing positioning device 4 is made of 304 stainless steel materials, and the horizontal numerical control rotary table is fixed on the table top of the machine tool.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the positioning reference arranged on the cover body comprises a crisscross end face groove 11; preferably, four end face grooves 11 are distributed on the end face of the cover body in a cross shape; the four pressing grooves 12 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the cover body; the positioning reference feature on the positioning disc 41 comprises an end surface boss 42, the end surface boss 42 is arranged on the upper part of the positioning disc 41 and is distributed in a cross shape, and the width of the end surface groove 11 is matched with that of the end surface boss 42 to closely match and position the cover body; the wall surface of the cover body is provided with a pressing groove 12, the upper surface 13 of the positioning disc 41 is provided with a pressing plate 43, the pressing plate 43 is abutted against the inside of the pressing groove 12 and fixes the cover body, the positioning disc 41 is provided with four disc grooves which are uniformly distributed, a column body is arranged above the disc grooves, the column body is provided with the pressing plate 43, and the pressing plate 43 is fixed on the column body through bolts and nuts; the end surface boss 42 and the end surface groove 11 are in small clearance fit, and the pressing plate 43 is abutted in the pressing groove 12 to position and fix the cover body respectively.
Preferably, the positioning disk 41 is further provided with a straight plane 45, the straight plane 45 is formed by cutting a part of a plane perpendicular to the positioning disk 41, and the cross section of the remaining positioning disk 41 is a major arc, that is, one end face of the positioning disk 41 is the straight plane 45, which is used for positioning the space of the cover body during processing.
In order to further understand the positioning device of the thin-wall special-shaped ceramic radome 1, the invention also provides a processing method of the thin-wall special-shaped ceramic radome 1, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, primarily positioning and aligning the cover body blank and presetting a reference
Uniformly polishing a cover body blank of an antenna cover 1, installing the cover body blank into an inner profile machining positioning device 2, inserting a primary alignment device 3 into the cover body, aligning the cover body blank according to the form and position characteristic precision of the primary alignment device 3, removing the primary alignment device 3, and machining a positioning reference on the cover body;
step S2, rough machining of outer profile
Clamping and fixing the cover body by using the outer profile machining positioning device 4, setting X, Y machined and machining reference points of a Z axis according to the positioning reference characteristics on the outer profile machining positioning device 4, and carrying out outer profile grinding rough machining on the cover body;
step S3, inner profile rough machining
Disassembling the cover body after rough machining of the outer profile, installing and fixing a cover body blank on the inner profile machining positioning device 2, positioning the cover body blank by using the cross 29, and further performing inner profile grinding rough machining on the cover body by arranging X, Y for mechanical machining and a machining reference point of a Z axis on the end faces of the cross 29 and the cover body blank;
step S4, finishing external surface
Disassembling the cover body after rough machining of the inner profile, carrying out surface floating treatment on the cover body after rough machining in the step S3, clamping and positioning the cover body in the step S2, and carrying out outer profile grinding and finish machining on the cover body blank;
step S5, inner profile finishing
Disassembling the cover body after the outer profile finish machining, clamping and positioning the cover body as shown in step S3, and carrying out inner profile grinding finish machining on the cover body blank; preferably, the step of performing inner profile finishing on the cover body blank further comprises online thickness detection on the cover body, and the inner profile finishing of the cover body is performed according to the upper limit value of the cover body thickness; preferably, the wall thickness value of the primary cone of the cover body is detected by adopting a three-coordinate system of the articulated arm during online thickness detection.
Step S6, removing the end face machining allowance and measuring the precision
Grinding in different areas to remove the end face allowance of the cover body blank to form a finished antenna housing 1; then the antenna housing 1 is disassembled, and the overall size precision and the shape and position precision of the antenna housing 1 are detected.
The positioning device provided by the invention is used for precisely processing the inner and outer molded surfaces of the special-shaped thin-wall ceramic special-shaped antenna housing 1, and the specific operation process is as follows:
step (I): uniformly manually polishing the head cone outer profile of the radome 1 blank by adopting tools such as a flat file, alumina sand paper and the like, and removing surface floating glue; and (3) uniformly polishing the inner profile of the radome 1 blank by using alumina sand paper to ensure that no floating glue or residue exists on the surface.
Step (II): the inner profile processing positioning device 2 is hung on the table surface of a machine tool, a dial indicator is used for aligning a vertical plate (the dial indicator is fixed on a main shaft of the machine tool, the straightness of the first vertical plate 21 is detected through the jumping amount of the dial indicator, so that the first vertical plate is parallel to the X axis of the machine tool), a standard pressing plate is used for pressing a bottom plate 24, and the whole positioning device is fixed; a blank of the radome 1 is arranged in an inner profile processing and positioning device 2 (shown in fig. 2), a head cone section of the radome 1 is arranged in a head cone ring 28, and a supporting block 26 in an adjusting and supporting structure right below a first vertical plate 21 and a second vertical plate 22 supports the radome body; inserting the initial alignment device 3 into the blank of the radome 1, wherein the fit clearance is required to be minimum; the position state of the antenna housing 1 blank is adjusted, and the straightness of the upper plane and the side plane of the cuboid 33 of the initial alignment device 3 and the straightness of the cylinder 32 are enabled to be smaller than 0.1mm by combining a dial indicator, so that the housing body is in an alignment state; the central point of the cuboid 33 is set as zero points of an X axis and a Y axis; the cover body is pressed by the end surface pressing plate 25, then the plurality of supporting blocks 26 on the first vertical plate 21 and the second vertical plate 22 are adjusted in a rotating mode, the cover body is supported from the side direction, and then the primary alignment device 3 is removed.
Milling four pressing grooves 12 (shown in figure 4) on the outer side surface of the clamping allowance section of the cover body blank by adopting a diamond grinding wheel, and pressing the cover body by using a pressing plate 43 through the pressing grooves 12; milling the end face of the cover body, measuring the distance L between the top point of the inner head cone of the cover body blank and the end face by using a straight rod, adding a 4mm allowance, and measuring the distance H between the top point of the inner head cone of the cover body blank and the end face by using a large-end allowance H which is L +4-L1(L1 is the distance between the top point and the bottom face of the inner head cone of the cover body target product, wherein the bottom face and the end face of the cover body both. Generally, the target product cover body length of the radome is 630-670mm (such as 632mm, 635mm, 638mm, 640mm, 642mm, 645mm, 650mm, 655mm, 660mm, 665mm), preferably 650mm, the length of the secondary cone is 60-80mm (such as 62mm, 64mm, 66mm, 68mm, 70mm, 72mm, 74mm, 76mm, 78mm), preferably 70mm, the inflection point is arranged between the secondary cone and the primary cone, and the large end margin is 50-60mm (such as 52mm, 54mm, 56mm, 58mm), preferably 55 mm. A cross-shaped end face groove 11 is processed on the bottom face of the cover body blank by using a diamond grinding wheel according to model processing, the width a of the end face groove 11 is slightly larger (within 0.04 mm) than the width of an end face boss 42 on the subsequent outer profile processing positioning device 4 and the width of a cross 29 of the inner profile processing positioning device 2, the end face groove 11 is horizontal and vertical, and the intersection point of the bisector is an X-axis zero point and a Y-axis zero point. And finishing the initial positioning and the process of machining the reference and resetting of the cover body blank.
Step (three): integrally hoisting an outer molded surface machining positioning device 4 which is clamped and fixed on a horizontal numerical control rotary table on a machine tool table, clamping and fixing the horizontal numerical control rotary table on the machine tool table by adopting a standard pressing plate, a screw and a nut, aligning a straight plane 45 of the outer molded surface machining positioning device 4, and setting the straight plane to be parallel to an X axis of a machine tool to be a B axis zero point (the B axis refers to a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft around the Y axis is called as the B axis, so that the B axis is also provided with a 0-degree machining reference point); then, the center axis 44 is used to set the X-axis and Z-axis reference zero points, and the upper surface 13 of the tool must be tightly attached to the bottom surface of the cover, which is set as the Y-axis reference zero point. The cover is assembled as shown in fig. 5, the four sides of the cover blank are pressed by the pressing pressure plate 43, the end surface bosses 42 are inserted into the end surface grooves 11, and the gap value between the cover and the upper surface 13 of the positioning device is not more than 0.02 mm. And (3) extending the large end face of the theoretical model of the cover body according to the allowance H, and setting the zero point of the model coordinate system at the position of the central point of the bottom to ensure that the model coordinate system is consistent with the machining coordinate system of the machine tool. And (4) carrying out rough machining on the outer molded surface twice by adopting a diamond grinding wheel according to the theoretical model offset 1mm machining allowance. The rotating speed of a main shaft is 2000-3000 r/min, the feeding speed of a cutter is 1000-1500 mm/min, and the single cutting amount is 1-3 mm.
Step (IV): the inner profile processing positioning device 2 is hung on the table top of a machine tool, and is clamped and fixed on the table top of the machine tool by adopting a standard pressing plate, a screw rod and a nut, so that the gap between the bottom plate 24 and the table top is ensured to be less than 0.01mm, and the first vertical plate 21 is arranged to be parallel and consistent with the X axis; and the center of the nose cone ring 28 is set as an X-axis and a Y-axis reference zero point. The mask blank is clamped as shown in fig. 7, the mask blank is firstly inserted into the inner profile processing positioning device 2, then the cross 29 is arranged in the end face groove 11, and the mask blank is adjusted, so that the two pins 5 on the cross 29 are smoothly inserted into the pin holes on the cross 29 and the inner profile processing positioning device 2. After the end face of the cover body is pressed by the four end face pressing plates 25, the four supporting blocks 26 of the middle second vertical plate 22 and the eight supporting blocks 26 of the large-end first vertical plate 21 are sequentially screwed and adjusted to be attached to the surface of the cover body. And a Z-axis reference zero point is arranged on the bottom surface of the cover body blank. And (4) adjusting the cover body model to be consistent according to the actual assembly space position, wherein the reference zero point is at the central point of the bottom surface. And carrying out numerical control grinding processing on the inner molded surface twice by adopting a diamond grinding wheel according to the offset of 1mm of processing allowance of a theoretical model. The rotating speed of a main shaft is 2000-3000 r/min, the feeding speed of a cutter is 1000-1500 mm/min, and the single cutting amount is 1-3 mm.
And (V) performing floating rubber polishing treatment on the surface of the cover body returned by rough machining treatment of the outer profile and the inner profile, particularly performing fine treatment on the end face, the fixed end face groove 11 and the outer head cone surface, wherein the end face, the fixed end face groove and the outer head cone surface are free of residues and smooth, and preparing for fine machining.
And (VI) respectively clamping and positioning the outer profile machining positioning device 4 and the inner profile machining positioning device 2 on the cover body, wherein the cover body clamping and positioning steps are completely consistent with the previous rough machining. And (5) setting a machining reference and clamping the cover body like the step (three) and the step (four). And respectively carrying out four-axis linkage numerical control grinding finish machining on the outer profile of the blank and grinding semi-finish machining on the inner profile of the blank by adopting a diamond grinding wheel according to a theoretical model. And (5) after the cover body is clamped by the outer molded surface processing and positioning device 4 in the step (six), carrying out circular runout detection on the outer nose cone, and if the runout value is larger than 0.3mm, reprocessing the bottom surface of the cover body is required, so that the circular runout of the nose cone is reduced.
Step eight, adopting three coordinates of a joint arm to perform on-line detection on the wall thickness of the primary cone on the cover body of the inner profile semi-finishing; the uniformity of the whole wall thickness of the primary cone is very critical for the radome 1, and the wave transmission performance of the radome 1 is directly influenced and is the most critical index; if the uniformity of the wall thickness is more than +/-0.1 mm, the X-axis and Y-axis reference zero points need to be subjected to proper fine adjustment, and then the next procedure is carried out.
And step (nine), accurately setting finish machining bite according to the measured value and the upper limit value of the wall thickness, and finishing the inner molded surface.
And step (ten), loosening an end face pressing plate 25 in different areas, precisely grinding and removing the allowance in the length direction of the end face in a numerical control manner, and detecting the end face by using a dial indicator when the area is changed to ensure that the antenna housing 1 does not move in the axis direction.
Step (eleven): and (3) dismantling the machined radome 1 from the tool, and then adopting a joint arm three-coordinate overall detection radome 1 overall dimension precision and form and position precision to obtain a qualified radome 1 product.
In summary, the initial alignment device designed by the invention completes the initial positioning and alignment of the closed special-shaped deep-cavity radome blank directly through conventional instruments such as a dial indicator and the like by a mechanical alignment method, and solves the problem that the rough surface of the blank cannot be measured and positioned by high-precision measuring tools such as a laser measuring instrument and the like. The antenna housing is characterized in that end face grooves are preset in the housing clamping allowance section of the antenna housing, and an end face boss and a cross structure on the machining positioning device are combined, so that the problems of accurate positioning and reference transmission of twice machining and twice clamping of the inner and outer surfaces are solved. Interior, exterior profile processing positioner, only need control positioner manufacturing accuracy, it is fixed to process positioner alignment clamping on the lathe, fix cover body blank on processing positioner through the mechanical connection clamping again directly, the cover body need not to carry out loaded down with trivial details alignment again, once only directly accomplish cover body blank accurate positioning, the clamping is fixed, whole clamping process is quick, positioning accuracy is high, the uniformity is high, effectively reduced operation workman labour cost, efficiency improves by a wide margin, cover body machining accuracy effectively obtains guaranteeing.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a positioner of thin wall dysmorphism ceramic antenna house, the antenna house is including the cover body, the antenna house is cavity toper structure, its characterized in that, positioner includes:
the inner molded surface processing and positioning device is used for clamping and fixing the cover body, so that the inner molded surface of the cover body can be conveniently processed; the inner molded surface processing and positioning device comprises a bottom plate and a vertical plate vertically arranged on the bottom plate, a cavity is arranged on the vertical plate, and the cover body can extend into the cavity and is supported and fixed through the cavity;
the initial alignment device is used for performing initial alignment on the cover body, so that the cover body can be conveniently processed with a positioning reference; the end part of the initial alignment device is provided with a special-shaped round table, and the outer side surface of the special-shaped round table is the same as the shape of part of the inner profile of the cover body;
the outer profile machining positioning device is used for clamping and fixing the cover body, so that the outer profile of the cover body can be conveniently machined; the outer molded surface machining positioning device comprises a positioning disc, a positioning datum is arranged on the positioning disc, the positioning datum on the positioning disc is matched with the positioning datum on the cover body, and the positioning disc is matched with and fixed on a numerical control rotary table of a machine tool.
2. The positioning device for the thin-walled special-shaped ceramic radome of claim 1, wherein the vertical plate comprises a first vertical plate, a second vertical plate and a third vertical plate which are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the radome body, the cavities of the first vertical plate, the second vertical plate and the third vertical plate become smaller in sequence, the first vertical plate and the second vertical plate are both provided with an adjusting support structure, and the first vertical plate is further provided with end surface pressing plates which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction and are used for fixedly pressing the end surface of the flared part of the radome body;
preferably, there are eight of the adjusting support structures on the first vertical plate, and four of the adjusting support structures on the second vertical plate;
preferably, a head conical ring is arranged on the end face, facing the second vertical plate, of the third vertical plate, the head conical ring is a circular ring body with a special-shaped inner surface, and the inner surface of the head conical ring is consistent with the shape of the head of the cover body;
preferably, the head cone ring is made of a nylon material.
3. The positioning device for the thin-walled shaped ceramic radome of claim 2, wherein,
the adjusting and supporting structure comprises a supporting block and a supporting block, the supporting block is arranged inside the first vertical plate or the second vertical plate, the supporting block is used for being attached to and pressing the outer surface of the cover body tightly, the supporting block penetrates through the first vertical plate or the second vertical plate from the outside of the first vertical plate or the second vertical plate and then is connected with the supporting block, and the supporting block can be controlled to be far away from or close to the cover body;
preferably, annular convex ridges are arranged on the first vertical plate and the end face of the second vertical plate, and the supporting block is arranged inside the annular convex ridges;
the supporting rod is connected with the supporting block after the outer part of the annular convex edge penetrates through the annular convex edge, and the supporting block can be controlled to be far away from or close to the cover body.
4. The positioning device for the thin-wall special-shaped ceramic radome of claim 1, wherein the initial alignment device further comprises a cylinder and a cuboid, one end of the cylinder is connected with the large end of the special-shaped circular truncated cone, the other end of the cylinder is connected with one end of the cuboid, and the central axes of the special-shaped circular truncated cone, the cylinder and the cuboid are coincided;
preferably, the special-shaped round table is made of a nylon material, and the cylinder and the cuboid are made of aluminum alloy;
preferably, a central hole is formed in the center of the cuboid, and the axis of the central hole is coaxial with the central line of the cuboid.
5. The positioning device for the thin-wall special-shaped ceramic radome of claim 2, wherein the positioning reference on the radome body comprises an end face groove arranged on an end face; the positioning datum on the positioning disc comprises an end surface boss, and the end surface boss is matched with the end surface groove to position the cover body;
preferably, the number of the end face grooves is four, and the four end face grooves are distributed on the end face of the cover body in a cross shape;
preferably, the wall surface of the cover body is provided with a pressing groove, the upper surface of the positioning disc is provided with a pressing plate, and the pressing plate can abut against the inside of the pressing groove to fix the cover body.
6. The positioning device for the thin-wall special-shaped ceramic radome of claim 1, wherein a straight plane is further arranged on the positioning disk, the straight plane is formed by cutting off a part of a plane perpendicular to the positioning disk, and the cross section of the rest of the positioning disk is a major arc.
7. The positioning device for the thin-wall special-shaped ceramic radome of claim 5 is characterized in that the inner profile machining positioning device further comprises a cross, the cross can be clamped into the end face groove, and the cross is fixed on the first vertical plate through a pin;
preferably, the central axis of the cross coincides with the central axis of the nose cone ring.
8. A method for processing a thin-wall special-shaped ceramic radome by using the positioning device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, primarily positioning and aligning the cover body blank and presetting a reference
Uniformly polishing a radome body blank, installing the radome body blank into an inner molded surface machining and positioning device, inserting a primary alignment device into the radome body, aligning the radome body blank through the shape and position characteristic precision of the primary alignment device, then removing the primary alignment device, and machining a positioning benchmark on the radome body;
step S2, rough machining of outer profile
Clamping and fixing the cover body by using an outer profile machining positioning device, setting X, Y machined and machining reference points of a Z axis according to positioning reference characteristics on the outer profile machining positioning device, and performing outer profile grinding rough machining on the cover body;
step S3, inner profile rough machining
Disassembling the cover body after rough machining of the outer profile, installing and fixing the cover body blank on an inner profile machining positioning device, positioning the cover body blank by using a cross, and further performing inner profile grinding rough machining on the cover body by arranging X, Y for machining and a machining reference point of a Z axis on the end faces of the cross and the cover body blank;
step S4, finishing external surface
Disassembling the cover body after rough machining of the inner profile, performing surface floating treatment on the cover body after rough machining in the step S3, clamping and positioning the cover body in the step S2, and performing outer profile grinding finish machining on the cover body blank;
step S5, inner profile finishing
Disassembling the cover body after the outer profile finish machining, clamping and positioning the cover body as shown in step S3, and carrying out inner profile grinding finish machining on the cover body blank;
step S6, removing the end face machining allowance and measuring the precision
Grinding in different areas to remove the end face allowance of the cover body blank to form a finished antenna housing; and then, the antenna housing is disassembled, and the overall size precision and the shape and position precision of the antenna housing are detected.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step S5, during the step of inner shell finishing the shell blank, further comprises performing an on-line thickness measurement of the shell and finishing the inner shell according to the upper shell thickness limit;
preferably, the first-level cone wall thickness value of the cover body is detected by adopting a three-coordinate system of the articulated arm during online thickness detection.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the grinding of the shell in steps S2-S4 is performed by four-axis linked numerically controlled grinding of the outer profile or inner profile of the shell blank using a diamond grinding wheel in passes.
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| CN114060369B (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2023-09-29 | 山东工业陶瓷研究设计院有限公司 | Bonding assembly tool and bonding method for radome and connecting ring |
| CN114054813A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-02-18 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | Machining method for large-size thin-wall special-shaped cover body |
| CN115213688A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-10-21 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | Cutting tool and rapid cutting method for large-size special-shaped heat-proof shell |
| CN115213688B (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2024-05-31 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | Cutting tool and quick cutting method for large-size special-shaped heat-proof shell |
| CN115026606B (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-11-18 | 成都航天万欣科技有限公司 | Method for machining large thin-wall conical shell |
| CN115026606A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-09-09 | 成都航天万欣科技有限公司 | Method for machining large thin-wall conical shell |
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