CN110856007A - Content distribution network, storage optimization method thereof, electronic device, and storage medium - Google Patents
Content distribution network, storage optimization method thereof, electronic device, and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN110856007A CN110856007A CN201911149884.6A CN201911149884A CN110856007A CN 110856007 A CN110856007 A CN 110856007A CN 201911149884 A CN201911149884 A CN 201911149884A CN 110856007 A CN110856007 A CN 110856007A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/21—Server components or server architectures
- H04N21/218—Source of audio or video content, e.g. local disk arrays
- H04N21/2187—Live feed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/231—Content storage operation, e.g. caching movies for short term storage, replicating data over plural servers, prioritizing data for deletion
- H04N21/23113—Content storage operation, e.g. caching movies for short term storage, replicating data over plural servers, prioritizing data for deletion involving housekeeping operations for stored content, e.g. prioritizing content for deletion because of storage space restrictions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/239—Interfacing the upstream path of the transmission network, e.g. prioritizing client content requests
- H04N21/2393—Interfacing the upstream path of the transmission network, e.g. prioritizing client content requests involving handling client requests
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
- H04N21/845—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
- H04N21/8456—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments by decomposing the content in the time domain, e.g. in time segments
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a content distribution network, a storage optimization method thereof, electronic equipment and a storage medium, wherein when a content center does not receive a live broadcast request initiated by an edge node to a specified live broadcast channel within a preset time period, a target content slice with preset duration corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in a memory is written into the storage, and the target content slice is sent to the edge node. By the embodiment of the invention, the preset time length of the target content slice written into the storage of the content center is shorter than the time length of the complete content slice under the normal condition, so that the storage resource of the content center can be saved, and meanwhile, the transmission bandwidth resource between the content source station and the content center can be saved. In addition, the target content slice is sent to the edge node, so that the edge node writes in the storage, and when the edge node receives a live broadcast request initiated by the user terminal to the specified live broadcast channel, the target content slice is directly sent to the user terminal from the storage of the edge node, thereby reducing the network delay.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of multimedia and content distribution technologies, and in particular, to a content distribution network, a storage optimization method thereof, an electronic device, and a storage medium.
Background
A Content Delivery Network (CDN) is a distributed, near-by service that delivers Content to an edge node of a Network. Each node of the CDN is provided with a content cache server, and a global load balancing system of the CDN guides a user request to an edge node closest to the user in real time according to network flow, connection of each node, load conditions, distance to the user, response time and other comprehensive information. The method aims to enable the user to obtain the required content nearby, solve the network congestion condition and improve the response speed of the user for accessing the website.
In the prior art, when a CDN distributes live content of a content source, the content center generally sends the live content of the content source to a content center, and the content center writes all the live content into its own storage, and when a user terminal accesses an edge node closest to the edge node, the edge node determines whether live content matching a live request exists in its own storage according to the live request, and if so, directly sends the live content matching the live request in the edge node storage to the user terminal, and if not, the edge node requests live content matching the live request from the content center closest to the edge node. The edge node receives live broadcast content which is sent by the content center and matched with the live broadcast request, writes the live broadcast content into the edge node for storage, and sends the live broadcast content matched with the live broadcast request to the user terminal.
In the prior art, the live content is distributed through the CDN, so that the user terminal directly accesses the edge node closest to the CDN and obtains the required live content, thereby accelerating the live content. However, in the case that a certain edge node has no user terminal access, the CDN delivery method wastes a large amount of storage resources. Therefore, it is urgently needed to provide a content distribution network, a storage optimization method thereof, an electronic device, and a storage medium.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a content distribution network, a storage optimization method thereof, an electronic device, and a storage medium.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a storage optimization method for a content distribution network, including:
confirming that a live broadcast request initiated by an edge node to a specified live broadcast channel is not received within a preset time period, writing a target content slice with preset duration corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in a memory into a memory, and sending the target content slice to the edge node; the preset time length is less than the time length of a complete content slice corresponding to the specified live channel;
after the target content slice is sent to the edge node, if a live broadcast request initiated by any edge node to the specified live broadcast channel is received, the latest complete content slice corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in the memory is written into the memory, and the latest complete content slice is sent to any edge node.
Preferably, the preset time period is determined based on the following method:
determining the average downloading speed of the content slices of the edge nodes and the average code rate of the specified live channel;
determining a duration coefficient based on the ratio of the average code rate to the average downloading speed of the content slice;
taking the product of the duration coefficient and the duration of the complete content slice as the preset duration;
wherein the duration factor is less than 1.
Preferably, after writing and storing the target content slice with the preset duration corresponding to the specified live channel in the memory, the method further includes:
and modifying the index file in the storage, and modifying the file name of the content slice corresponding to the specified live channel in the index file into the file name corresponding to the target content slice.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
confirming that a live broadcast request initiated by a certain edge node to an appointed live broadcast channel is not received within the preset time period, and deleting the certain edge node in the target table in the storage;
wherein the target table is used for indicating the playing state of the specified live channel at each edge node.
Preferably, the determining the duration coefficient based on the ratio of the average bit rate to the average downloading speed of the content slice specifically includes:
and determining the preset duration based on the ratio and the heat guarantee weight of the specified live channel.
Preferably, before confirming that the live broadcast request initiated by the edge node to the specified live broadcast channel is not received within the preset time period, the method further includes:
receiving a complete content slice corresponding to the specified live channel sent by a content source station in real time;
and writing the received complete content slice sent by the content source station into a memory.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a storage optimization method for a content distribution network, including:
after a live broadcast request initiated by a user terminal to an appointed live broadcast channel is not received in a preset time period, if a live broadcast request initiated by any user terminal to the appointed live broadcast channel is received, target content slices with preset time length in storage are sent to any user terminal, and the live broadcast request is sent to a content center;
and receiving the latest complete content slice corresponding to the specified live channel, writing the latest complete content slice into a memory, and sending the latest complete content slice to any user terminal when a live request initiated by any user terminal to the specified live channel is obtained again.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a content distribution network, including: one or more content centers, each content center corresponding to one or more edge nodes, respectively;
wherein the content center is configured to perform the storage optimization method of the content distribution network according to the first aspect; the edge node is configured to perform the storage optimization method of the content distribution network according to the second aspect.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor implements the steps of the content distribution network storage optimization method according to the first aspect or the second aspect when executing the program.
In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the steps of the content distribution network storage optimization method according to the first aspect or the second aspect.
According to the content distribution network and the storage optimization method, the electronic device and the storage medium thereof provided by the embodiment of the invention, when a live broadcast request initiated by an edge node to a specified live broadcast channel is not received in a preset time period, a target content slice with preset duration corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in a memory is written into the memory for storage, and the target content slice is sent to the edge node. The preset time length of the target content slice written into the storage of the content center is shorter than the time length of the complete content slice under the normal condition, so that the storage resource of the content center can be saved, and meanwhile, the transmission bandwidth resource between the content source station and the content center can be saved. In addition, the target content slice is sent to the edge node, so that the edge node writes in the storage, and when the edge node receives a live broadcast request initiated by the user terminal to the specified live broadcast channel, the target content slice is directly sent to the user terminal from the storage of the edge node, thereby reducing the network delay.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a storage optimization method for a content distribution network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a complete content slice in a memory of a content center in the storage optimization method for a content distribution network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a storage optimization method for a content distribution network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a content distribution network provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a storage optimization apparatus of a content distribution network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a storage optimization apparatus of a content distribution network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic physical structure diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the prior art, after the content source station sends the live content to the content center, the content center writes the live content into the memory for storage, so that the phenomenon of storage resource waste occurs when the content center does not access the content center for a long time. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a content distribution network, a storage optimization method thereof, electronic equipment and a storage medium.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a storage optimization method for a content distribution network, including:
s11, confirming that a live broadcast request initiated by an edge node to a specified live broadcast channel is not received within a preset time period, writing a target content slice with preset duration corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in a memory into a memory for storage, and sending the target content slice to the edge node; the preset time length is less than the time length of a complete content slice corresponding to the specified live channel;
and S12, after the target content slice is sent to the edge node, if a live broadcast request initiated by any edge node to the specified live broadcast channel is received, writing the latest complete content slice corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in the memory into the memory, and sending the latest complete content slice to any edge node.
Specifically, a Content Delivery Network (CDN) includes a Content center and edge nodes. The content center is used for receiving live broadcast content sent by the content source station, the content center is used as a full-scale library of CDN content, and all content of the content source station is written in the memory. The content source station typically uses the hls protocol to deliver ts files to the CDN for network-wide distribution via constant push and pull streaming. Therefore, the content slices in the embodiments of the present invention are ts slices.
In general, a CDN includes one or more content centers, and in order to enable each content center to serve a corresponding edge node (pop node) nearby to reduce delay, the number of the content centers of the CDN may be at least two, and when some of the content centers fail, the edge nodes served by the content centers may be scheduled to other content centers and served by other content centers, so that a situation that a file is lost after any one of the content centers fails may be avoided. The pop node is a point of presence, a user terminal needing to watch live broadcast content needs to access the pop node first and send a live broadcast request to the pop node, the pop node judges whether live broadcast content needed by the user terminal corresponding to the live broadcast request exists in the storage of the pop node according to the live broadcast request of the user terminal, and if the live broadcast content exists, the stored live broadcast content is sent to the user terminal to provide service for the user terminal; if not, the pop node sends a live broadcast request to the nearest content center, and after receiving the live broadcast content sent by the content center, the pop node sends the live broadcast content to the user terminal to provide service for the user terminal on one hand, and writes the live broadcast content into a memory to be stored on the other hand to provide local service for the next user terminal on the other hand.
The storage optimization method of the content delivery network provided by the embodiment of the invention has the execution main body of the content center of the CDN. For each content center of the CDN, first, step S11 is performed. The content center judges whether a live broadcast request initiated by an edge node to an appointed live broadcast channel is received in a preset time period, if the live broadcast request initiated by the edge node to the appointed live broadcast channel is not received in the preset time period, the target content slice with preset time length corresponding to the appointed live broadcast channel in the memory is written into the memory for storage, and the target content slice is sent to the edge node. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a complete content slice in a memory, in which a target content slice 1 with a preset duration is written into the memory. The preset time period may be set as needed, and may be, for example, 20s to 50s, or may be set to another value. The live broadcast channel is a channel corresponding to live broadcast content and is a broadcast channel of the live broadcast content. One pop node may provide live content for all live channels that the CDN network can provide. The specified live channel in the embodiment of the present invention may be any live channel among all live channels.
The preset duration refers to the duration of content slices written into the storage of the content center on the premise of not influencing service experience, the preset duration is less than the duration of complete content slices, and when the user terminal sends a live broadcast request again after playing a target content slice, the latest complete content slice can be directly downloaded from the edge node without waiting, namely the preset duration is greater than or equal to the duration of downloading the latest complete content slice from the edge node to the content center, namely the preset duration is greater than or equal to the duration required by the content center for sending the latest complete content slice to the edge node. The preset time length is related to the live broadcast channel, and different live broadcast channels have different preset time lengths correspondingly. The preset duration may be determined by the content center itself, or may be determined by other devices and then transmitted to the content center.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the live broadcast request initiated by the edge node to the specified live broadcast channel is confirmed not to be received within the preset time period, the complete content slice corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in the memory of the content center is not written into the content center for storage, but only the target content slice with the preset time length is written into the content center for storage, so that the storage resource and the transmission bandwidth resource are saved. Meanwhile, the target content slices with preset duration are sent to corresponding edge nodes around the content center, so that the edge nodes write the received target content slices into the edge nodes for storage, and when the edge nodes receive the target content slices. It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention, the memory refers to an operating memory, and the storage refers to hardware storage.
Then, step S12 is executed. When a live broadcast request initiated by an edge node to a specified live broadcast channel is not received within a preset time period, namely the target content slice is sent to the edge node, if a content center reacquires any edge node pop (n) to initiate the live broadcast request to the specified live broadcast channel, the latest complete content slice corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in the memory of the content center is written and stored, and the latest complete content slice is sent to the pop (n). Wherein the latest complete content slice refers to a complete content slice received at a next time when the target content slice is received. pop (N) represents the nth pop node corresponding to the content center, N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, and N is the number of pop nodes corresponding to the content center. After the content center does not receive the live broadcast request initiated by the edge node to the specified live broadcast channel within the preset time period, the target content slice is written in the storage of the edge node, and the target content slice is not the latest complete content slice, so that when the content center reacquires the live broadcast request of pop (n), the fact that the user terminal initiates the live broadcast request on pop (n) is indicated, and the pop (n) already sends the target content slice in the storage to the user terminal, at the moment, the content center needs to write the latest complete content slice corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in the memory into the storage, so that the latest complete content slice in the storage is directly sent to the edge node after the live broadcast request initiated by the edge node to the specified live broadcast channel is subsequently received. The latest full content slice is sent to pop (n) while the latest full content slice is written to storage.
According to the storage optimization method for the content distribution network provided by the embodiment of the invention, when a live broadcast request initiated by an edge node to a specified live broadcast channel is not received by a content center within a preset time period, a target content slice with preset duration corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in a memory is written into the memory for storage, and the target content slice is sent to the edge node. The preset time length of the target content slice written into the storage of the content center is shorter than the time length of the complete content slice under the normal condition, so that the storage resource of the content center can be saved, and meanwhile, the transmission bandwidth resource between the content source station and the content center can be saved. In addition, the target content slice is sent to the edge node, so that the edge node writes in the storage, and when the edge node receives a live broadcast request initiated by the user terminal to the specified live broadcast channel, the target content slice is directly sent to the user terminal from the storage of the edge node, thereby reducing the network delay.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the storage optimization method for a content distribution network provided in the embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the preset duration is determined based on the following method:
determining the average downloading speed of the content slices of the edge nodes and the average code rate of the specified live channel;
determining a duration coefficient based on the ratio of the average code rate to the average downloading speed of the content slice;
taking the product of the duration coefficient and the duration of the complete content slice as the preset duration;
wherein the duration factor is less than 1.
Specifically, there are various methods for determining the preset duration, for example, the preset duration may be directly set according to an empirical value, or may be determined according to the current network environment. The embodiment of the invention adopts the following method to determine that the execution subject can be a content center or other equipment.
Firstly, the average downloading speed of the content slices of the edge nodes and the average code rate of the specified live channel are determined. The average downloading speed of the content slices refers to the average downloading speed of the content slices of all edge nodes corresponding to the content center, and can be determined by the size of the content slices downloaded by the edge nodes and the downloading time, and also can be determined by the size of the content slices downloaded by the content center end within a period of time. The average code rate of the appointed live broadcast channel can be monitored by the content center, and the average code rate can also be counted and sent to the content center by the user terminal after the content slice corresponding to the appointed live broadcast channel is played.
Then, based on the ratio of the average code rate to the average downloading speed of the content slice, the time length coefficient is determined. The process that the edge node receives the latest complete content slice sent by the content center is related to the content slice downloading speed, and since the preset duration is comprehensive data obtained by considering all edge nodes corresponding to the content center, the average content slice downloading speed of the edge nodes needs to be considered. Meanwhile, in order to ensure good playing experience of the user terminal and avoid delay, the average code rate of playing the content slices of the specified live channel needs to be considered. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the duration coefficient may be determined according to the ratio of the average code rate to the average downloading speed of the content slice, and is used to represent the multiple relationship between the duration of the complete content slice and the preset duration. Since the average code rate is smaller than the average downloading speed of the content slice and differs by at least one order of magnitude, the ratio is smaller than 1, so that a time length coefficient smaller than 1 can be easily determined according to the ratio,
and finally, taking the product of the time length coefficient and the time length of the complete content slice as the preset time length.
The storage optimization method for the content distribution network provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts the average code rate and the average downloading speed of the content slices to determine the preset duration. The determined preset duration can be suitable for all edge nodes corresponding to the content center, and meanwhile service experience and storage saving can be guaranteed as far as possible.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, after writing and storing the target content slice with the preset duration corresponding to the specified live channel in the memory provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes:
and modifying the index file in the storage, and modifying the file name of the content slice corresponding to the specified live channel in the index file into the file name corresponding to the target content slice.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, since the hls protocol is generally used, the ts file is transmitted to the CDN to implement full network distribution through continuous push streaming and pull streaming, and in this process, an index file is generated to indicate the played content slice. The index file is written into the storage of the content center along with the content slice, so that after the target content slice with the preset duration corresponding to the specified live channel in the memory is written into the storage, the index file in the storage needs to be modified, wherein the index file is usually an m3u8 file. Since the file name of the ts file is stored in the m3u8 file, the file name of the content clip corresponding to the specified live channel in the m3u8 file is modified to the file name corresponding to the target content clip, and the target content clip can be selected and played when the content clip is played.
According to the storage optimization method for the content distribution network, provided by the embodiment of the invention, after the target content slice with the preset duration corresponding to the specified live channel in the memory is written into and stored, the index file is adaptively modified, so that the target content slice can be selected for playing during playing, the whole process is smoother, and the time delay is reduced.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the storage optimization method for a content distribution network provided in the embodiment of the present invention is further characterized by including:
if the fact that a live broadcast request initiated by a certain edge node to a specified live broadcast channel is not received within the preset time period is confirmed, deleting the certain edge node in the target table in the storage; the target table is used for indicating the playing state of the specified live channel at each edge node.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, a target table indicating a play status of a specified live channel at a corresponding edge node is further stored in the content center, and the specific form is as follows:
ID＝2200179363
title＝“A”
ts_bit＝4mb/s
ts_time＝10s；
server＝ip(1),ip(2)
client＝pop(1),pop(2)
data＝/…/….2200179363
fastdata＝/…/….2200179363_fast
fr[pop,bit]＝＝[pop(1),10mb/s],[pop(n),5mb/s]
the target table is described by taking a live channel a in table 1 as an example, and table 1 is a table of a relationship between live channels and content IDs corresponding to the live channels. In the target table, ID indicates content ID corresponding to a live channel a, title indicates a live channel name, ts _ bit indicates an average bit rate of the live channel a, ts _ time is a latest complete content slice length, server indicates IP addresses of all edge nodes in a playing state corresponding to a content center, client indicates names of all edge nodes in the playing state corresponding to the content center, Data indicates specific information of the latest complete content slice of the live channel a, fastData is specific information of a target content slice of the live channel a, and fr [ pop, bit ] indicates a content slice downloading speed of each edge node in the playing state.
Table 1 relationship table between live channels and content IDs corresponding to the live channels
| Live broadcast channel | Content ID |
| A | 2200179363 |
| B | 5500039119 |
| C | 5500028277 |
The url link for the content center to obtain the live content is:
IP：port/…/2200179363/index.m3u8。
in the content center, the storage name corresponding to the content ID corresponding to the live channel is "2200179363".
In the embodiment of the invention, whether a content center receives a live broadcast request initiated by a certain edge node to an appointed live broadcast channel in a preset time period is judged, if not, the edge node in a target table in storage is deleted, wherein the edge node comprises a name, an IP address and a content slice downloading speed.
In the embodiment of the present invention, when it is determined that the content center does not receive a live broadcast request initiated by an edge node to an assigned live broadcast channel within a preset time period, the edge node in the target table is deleted, so that storage resources can be saved preliminarily before step S1.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the determining an average download speed of content slices of an edge node specifically includes:
determining the content slice downloading speed of each edge node;
determining the average downloading speed of the content slices based on the downloading speed of the content slices.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the average downloading speed of content slices of the edge nodes is determined from the perspective of the edge nodes, the downloading speed of content slices of each edge node is first determined, and then the average downloading speed of content slices is determined based on the downloading speed of content slices. When the content slice downloading speed of each edge node is determined, the content slice downloading speed of each edge node can be determined according to the size of the downloaded content slice and the downloading time based on the following formula.
fr＝filesize*8/time
Fr is the content slice downloading speed of each edge node, and the unit is mb/s; filesize is the downloaded content slice size in mB; time is the download time in seconds.
Then, the average download speed of the content slices of all the edge nodes is obtained, so that the average download speed of the content slices can be determined.
In the embodiment of the invention, the average downloading speed of the content slices is determined through the content slice downloading information of each edge node, and the process of determining the average downloading speed of the content slices is simplified because the content slice downloading information of each edge node is convenient to collect.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the method for optimizing storage of a content distribution network according to the present invention, where the determining a duration coefficient based on a ratio of the average bit rate to the average download speed of the content slice specifically includes:
and determining the preset duration based on the ratio and the heat guarantee weight of the specified live channel.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the preset duration is determined by using a ratio of an average code rate to an average downloading speed of the content slice and a heat guarantee weight of a specified live channel. As shown in the following equation.
k＝ts_bit/fra*f(x)
Wherein k is a duration coefficient, ts _ bit is an average bit rate, fra is an average downloading speed of a content slice, and f (x) is a heat guarantee weight of the specified live channel, and can be set according to the heat of the specified live channel and is a constant.
Accordingly, the preset time period is determined using the following formula.
t_f＝ts_time*k＝ts_time*ts_bit/fra*f(x)＝(ts_time*ts_bit/fra)*f(x)
Where t _ f is a preset duration, and ts _ time is a full content slice duration.
Taking a live broadcast channel a as an example, the time ts _ time of a complete content slice is 10s, the average bit rate ts _ bit of the live broadcast channel a is 4mbps, the average download speed fra of the content slice is 40mbps, and the heat guarantee weight of the live broadcast channel a is 1.1, then the preset time length is:
t_f＝(10*4/40)*1.1＝1.1(s)。
compared with the prior art in which 10s of complete content slices are directly written, when a live broadcast request initiated by an edge node to a specified live broadcast channel is not received within a preset time period, the storage utilization rate of the CDN is optimized, storage more than 8 times can be saved, and cost can be effectively saved. Moreover, the bandwidth utilization rate can be optimized, and the video can be accelerated rapidly.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the content distribution network storage optimization method provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes, before confirming that a live broadcast request initiated by an edge node to a specified live broadcast channel is not received within a preset time period:
receiving a complete content slice corresponding to the specified live channel sent by a content source station in real time;
and writing the received complete content slice sent by the content source station into a memory.
Specifically, when a content delivery network is used to implement delivery and acceleration of live content, a content source station generally uses an hls protocol to transmit a ts file to a CDN by continuous push streaming and pull streaming to implement full network delivery. The content center of the CDN is mainly sent the complete content slice. Therefore, before the content center writes the target content slice with the preset duration corresponding to the specified live channel in the memory into the memory, the method further includes: and the content center receives the complete content slice corresponding to the specified live channel sent by the content source station in real time, and then writes the received complete content slice sent by the content source station into the memory. Therefore, when it is confirmed that the live broadcast request initiated by the edge node to the specified live broadcast channel is not received within the preset time period, the complete content slice corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel sent by the content source station is written into the memory of the content center. Correspondingly, the target content slice with the preset duration corresponding to the specified live channel in the memory is a part of the complete content slice, and the writing and storing of the target content slice with the preset duration corresponding to the specified live channel in the memory means writing and storing a part of the complete content slice, but not all of the complete content slice.
As shown in fig. 3, on the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the storage optimization method for a content distribution network provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s31, after a live broadcast request initiated by a user terminal to an appointed live broadcast channel is not received in a preset time period, if a live broadcast request initiated by any user terminal to the appointed live broadcast channel is received, a target content slice with preset time length in storage is sent to any user terminal, and the live broadcast request is sent to a content center;
and S32, receiving the latest complete content slice corresponding to the appointed live broadcast channel, and sending the latest complete content slice to any user terminal when the live broadcast request initiated by any user terminal to the appointed live broadcast channel is acquired again.
Specifically, in the storage optimization method for the content delivery network provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the execution subject is an edge node of the CDN, and an application scenario of the method is that after a live broadcast request initiated by a user terminal for an assigned live broadcast channel is not received within a preset time period, a target content slice with a preset duration is written in the storage of the edge node at this time. Firstly, step S31 is executed, after a live broadcast request initiated by a user terminal to an appointed live broadcast channel is not received within a preset time period, if a live broadcast request initiated by any user terminal M to the appointed live broadcast channel is received, a target content slice with a preset time length in storage is sent to the user terminal M, and the live broadcast request is sent to a content center. After acquiring a live broadcast request initiated by a user terminal M to a specified live broadcast channel, an edge node sends a target content slice with preset duration in the storage of the edge node to the user terminal M, and simultaneously sends the live broadcast request to a content center corresponding to the edge node, so that after receiving the live broadcast request, the content center writes the latest complete content slice corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in the memory of the content center into the storage of the content center, and returns the latest complete content slice to the edge node.
And then, executing step S32, the edge node receives the latest complete content slice sent by the content center and corresponding to the specified live channel and writes the latest complete content slice into the storage of the edge node, and when the edge node acquires the live request initiated by the user terminal M to the specified live channel again, the latest complete content slice is sent to the user terminal M.
It should be noted that the time interval at which the user terminal initiates the live request to the specified live channel is usually the length of a content slice, that is, after the live request initiated by the user terminal to the specified live channel is not received within the preset time period, the live request initiated by the user terminal to the specified live channel is received again, the user terminal receives a target content slice with a preset duration sent by the edge node, when the user terminal has played the target content slice, the user terminal initiates the live request again, and the execution operation thereafter is consistent with that in the prior art, that is, the user terminal returns to the normal live state.
In the storage optimization method of the content distribution network provided by the embodiment of the invention, after a live broadcast request initiated by a user terminal to an appointed live broadcast channel is not received in a preset time period, if a live broadcast request initiated by any user terminal to the appointed live broadcast channel is received by an edge node, a target content slice with preset duration in storage is sent to any user terminal, and the live broadcast request is sent to a content center; and then receiving the latest complete content slice corresponding to the appointed live channel, writing the latest complete content slice into a memory, and sending the latest complete content slice to any user terminal when the live request initiated by any user terminal to the appointed live channel is obtained again. The time length of the content slice received by the edge node is less than the time length of the complete content slice under the normal condition, so that the storage resource of the edge node can be saved, and meanwhile, the transmission bandwidth resource between the edge node and the user terminal can be saved. In addition, when the edge node receives a live broadcast request initiated by the user terminal to the appointed live broadcast channel, the target content slice is directly sent to the user terminal from the self storage, and the network delay is reduced.
On the basis of the above embodiments, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a content distribution network, including: one or more content centers, each content center corresponding to one or more edge nodes, respectively; the content center is used for executing the storage optimization method of the content distribution network shown in the method class embodiment with the content center as an execution main body; the edge node is used for executing the storage optimization method of the content distribution network shown in the method class embodiment taking the edge node as the execution subject.
Specifically, the content center is configured to confirm that a live broadcast request initiated by an edge node for a specified live broadcast channel is not received within a preset time period, write a target content slice with a preset duration corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in a memory into the memory, and send the target content slice to the edge node; the preset time length is less than the time length of a complete content slice corresponding to the specified live channel;
the edge node is used for sending a target content slice with preset duration in storage to any user terminal and sending a live broadcast request to a content center if the edge node receives the live broadcast request initiated by any user terminal to the specified live broadcast channel after the edge node does not receive the live broadcast request initiated by the user terminal to the specified live broadcast channel in a preset time period;
the content center is further configured to, after sending the target content slice to the edge node, write a latest complete content slice corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in the memory into the storage if a live broadcast request initiated by any edge node for the specified live broadcast channel is received, and send the latest complete content slice to any edge node;
and the edge node is also used for receiving the latest complete content slice corresponding to the appointed live broadcast channel, and sending the latest complete content slice to any user terminal when the live broadcast request initiated by any user terminal to the appointed live broadcast channel is acquired again.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, a schematic structural diagram of a content distribution network provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Only two content centers 2, 3 are shown in fig. 4, with 4 edge nodes for each content center, pop21, pop22, pop23, pop24, and pop31, pop32, pop33, pop34, respectively. The specific functions of the content center are realized by referring to the above method class embodiment with the content center as an execution main body, and the specific functions of the edge nodes are realized by referring to the above method class embodiment with the edge nodes as an execution main body, which is not described in detail in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the content distribution network provided in the embodiment of the present invention, when the content center does not receive a live broadcast request initiated by the edge node for the specified live broadcast channel within the preset time period, the content center writes the target content slice with the preset duration corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in the memory into the memory, and sends the target content slice to the edge node. The time length of the content slice written into the storage of the content center is shorter than the time length of the complete content slice under the normal condition, so that the storage resource of the content center can be saved, and meanwhile, the transmission bandwidth resource between the content source station and the content center can be saved. In addition, the target content slice is sent to the edge node, so that the edge node writes in the storage, and when the edge node receives a live broadcast request initiated by the user terminal to the specified live broadcast channel, the target content slice is directly sent to the user terminal from the storage of the edge node, thereby reducing the network delay. The edge node firstly acquires a live broadcast request initiated by a user terminal to an appointed live broadcast channel, transmits a target content slice with preset duration in storage to the user terminal, and transmits the live broadcast request to a content center; and then receiving the latest complete content slice corresponding to the specified live channel, writing the latest complete content slice into a memory, and sending the latest complete content slice to the user terminal when acquiring a live request initiated by the user terminal to the specified live channel again. The time length of the content slice received by the edge node is less than the time length of the complete content slice under the normal condition, so that the storage resource of the edge node can be saved, and meanwhile, the transmission bandwidth resource between the edge node and the user terminal can be saved. In addition, when the edge node receives a live broadcast request initiated by the user terminal to the appointed live broadcast channel, the target content slice is directly sent to the user terminal from the self storage, and the network delay is reduced.
As shown in fig. 5, on the basis of the foregoing embodiment, an embodiment of the present invention provides a storage optimization apparatus for a content distribution network, including: a content slice writing module 51 and a content slice transmitting module 52. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the content slice writing module 51 is configured to confirm that a live broadcast request initiated by an edge node for a specified live broadcast channel is not received within a preset time period, write a target content slice with a preset duration corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in a memory into the memory, and send the target content slice to the edge node; the preset time length is less than the time length of a complete content slice corresponding to the specified live channel;
the content slice sending module 52 is configured to, after sending the target content slice to the edge node, if a live broadcast request initiated by any edge node for the specified live broadcast channel is received, write the latest complete content slice corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in the memory into the storage, and send the latest complete content slice to any edge node.
Specifically, the functions of the modules in the storage optimization apparatus for a content distribution network provided in the embodiment of the present invention are in one-to-one correspondence with the operation flows of the steps in the method embodiments that use a content center as an execution main body, and the implementation effects are also consistent, which is not described in detail in the embodiment of the present invention.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the storage optimization device for a content distribution network provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes: the preset duration determining module is specifically configured to:
determining the average downloading speed of the content slices of the edge nodes and the average code rate of the specified live channel;
determining a duration coefficient based on the ratio of the average code rate to the average downloading speed of the content slice;
taking the product of the duration coefficient and the duration of the complete content slice as the preset duration;
wherein the duration factor is less than 1.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the storage optimization device for a content distribution network provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes: a modification module to:
and modifying the index file in the storage, and modifying the file name of the content slice corresponding to the specified live channel in the index file into the file name corresponding to the target content slice.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the storage optimization device for a content distribution network provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes: a deletion module to:
if the fact that a live broadcast request initiated by a certain edge node to a specified live broadcast channel is not received within the preset time period is confirmed, deleting the certain edge node in the target table in the storage; the target table is used for indicating the playing state of the specified live channel at each edge node.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, in the storage optimization device for a content distribution network provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the preset duration determining module is specifically configured to:
and determining the preset duration based on the ratio and the heat guarantee weight of the specified live channel.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the storage optimization device for a content distribution network provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes: a content slice receiving module to:
receiving a complete content slice corresponding to a specified live broadcast channel sent by a content source station in real time before confirming that a live broadcast request initiated by an edge node to the specified live broadcast channel is not received within a preset time period;
and writing the received complete content slice sent by the content source station into a memory.
As shown in fig. 6, on the basis of the foregoing embodiment, an embodiment of the present invention provides a storage optimization apparatus for a content distribution network, including: a live request sending module 61 and a content slice receiving module 62. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the live broadcast request sending module 61 is configured to, after a live broadcast request initiated by a user terminal to an appointed live broadcast channel is not received within a preset time period, send a target content slice with a preset time length in storage to any user terminal and send the live broadcast request to a content center if a live broadcast request initiated by any user terminal to the appointed live broadcast channel is received;
the content slice receiving module 62 is configured to receive a latest complete content slice corresponding to the specified live channel, write the latest complete content slice into a storage, and when a live request initiated by any user terminal to the specified live channel is obtained again, send the latest complete content slice to any user terminal.
Specifically, the functions of the modules in the storage optimization apparatus for a content distribution network provided in the embodiment of the present invention are in one-to-one correspondence with the operation flows of the steps in the method class embodiments in which the edge node is used as the execution main body, and the implementation effects are also consistent, which is not described in detail in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 illustrates a physical structure diagram of an electronic device, and as shown in fig. 7, the electronic device may include: a processor (processor)710, a communication Interface (Communications Interface)720, a memory (memory)830 and a communication bus 740, wherein the processor 710, the communication Interface 720 and the memory 730 communicate with each other via the communication bus 740. Processor 710 may call logic instructions in memory 730 to perform the following method: confirming that a live broadcast request initiated by an edge node to a specified live broadcast channel is not received within a preset time period, writing a target content slice with preset duration corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in a memory into a memory, and sending the target content slice to the edge node; the preset time length is less than the time length of a complete content slice corresponding to the specified live channel; after the target content slice is sent to the edge node, if a live broadcast request initiated by any edge node to the specified live broadcast channel is received, the latest complete content slice corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in the memory is written into the memory, and the latest complete content slice is sent to any edge node. Or the following method is executed: after a live broadcast request initiated by a user terminal to an appointed live broadcast channel is not received in a preset time period, if a live broadcast request initiated by any user terminal to the appointed live broadcast channel is received, a target content slice with preset time length in storage is sent to any user terminal, and the live broadcast request is sent to a content center; and receiving the latest complete content slice corresponding to the specified live channel, writing the latest complete content slice into a memory, and sending the latest complete content slice to any user terminal when a live request initiated by any user terminal to the specified live channel is obtained again.
It should be noted that, when being implemented specifically, the electronic device in this embodiment may be a server, a PC, or other devices, as long as the structure includes the processor 710, the communication interface 720, the memory 730, and the communication bus 740 shown in fig. 7, where the processor 710, the communication interface 720, and the memory 730 complete mutual communication through the communication bus 740, and the processor 710 may call the logic instructions in the memory 730 to execute the above method. The embodiment does not limit the specific implementation form of the electronic device.
In addition, the logic instructions in the memory 730 can be implemented in the form of software functional units and stored in a computer readable storage medium when the software functional units are sold or used as independent products. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
Further, embodiments of the present invention disclose a computer program product comprising a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the computer program comprising program instructions, which when executed by a computer, the computer is capable of performing the methods provided by the above-mentioned method embodiments, for example, comprising: confirming that a live broadcast request initiated by an edge node to a specified live broadcast channel is not received within a preset time period, writing a target content slice with preset duration corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in a memory into a memory, and sending the target content slice to the edge node; the preset time length is less than the time length of a complete content slice corresponding to the specified live channel; after the target content slice is sent to the edge node, if a live broadcast request initiated by any edge node to the specified live broadcast channel is received, the latest complete content slice corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in the memory is written into the memory, and the latest complete content slice is sent to any edge node. Or comprises the following steps: after a live broadcast request initiated by a user terminal to an appointed live broadcast channel is not received in a preset time period, if a live broadcast request initiated by any user terminal to the appointed live broadcast channel is received, a target content slice with preset time length in storage is sent to any user terminal, and the live broadcast request is sent to a content center; and receiving the latest complete content slice corresponding to the specified live channel, writing the latest complete content slice into a memory, and sending the latest complete content slice to any user terminal when a live request initiated by any user terminal to the specified live channel is obtained again.
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program is implemented to perform the transmission method provided in the foregoing embodiments when executed by a processor, and for example, the method includes: confirming that a live broadcast request initiated by an edge node to a specified live broadcast channel is not received within a preset time period, writing a target content slice with preset duration corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in a memory into a memory, and sending the target content slice to the edge node; the preset time length is less than the time length of a complete content slice corresponding to the specified live channel; after the target content slice is sent to the edge node, if a live broadcast request initiated by any edge node to the specified live broadcast channel is received, the latest complete content slice corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in the memory is written into the memory, and the latest complete content slice is sent to any edge node. Or comprises the following steps: after a live broadcast request initiated by a user terminal to an appointed live broadcast channel is not received in a preset time period, if a live broadcast request initiated by any user terminal to the appointed live broadcast channel is received, a target content slice with preset time length in storage is sent to any user terminal, and the live broadcast request is sent to a content center; and receiving the latest complete content slice corresponding to the specified live channel, writing the latest complete content slice into a memory, and sending the latest complete content slice to any user terminal when a live request initiated by any user terminal to the specified live channel is obtained again.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for storage optimization in a content distribution network, comprising:
confirming that a live broadcast request initiated by an edge node to a specified live broadcast channel is not received within a preset time period, writing a target content slice with preset duration corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in a memory into a memory, and sending the target content slice to the edge node; the preset time length is less than the time length of a complete content slice corresponding to the specified live channel;
after the target content slice is sent to the edge node, if a live broadcast request initiated by any edge node to the specified live broadcast channel is received, the latest complete content slice corresponding to the specified live broadcast channel in the memory is written into the memory, and the latest complete content slice is sent to any edge node.
2. The storage optimization method for the content distribution network according to claim 1, wherein the preset duration is determined based on the following method:
determining the average downloading speed of the content slices of the edge nodes and the average code rate of the specified live channel;
determining a duration coefficient based on the ratio of the average code rate to the average downloading speed of the content slice;
taking the product of the duration coefficient and the duration of the complete content slice as the preset duration;
wherein the duration factor is less than 1.
3. The storage optimization method of the content distribution network according to claim 1, wherein after writing the target content slice with the preset duration corresponding to the specified live channel in the memory into the storage, the method further comprises:
and modifying the index file in the storage, and modifying the file name of the content slice corresponding to the specified live channel in the index file into the file name corresponding to the target content slice.
4. The storage optimization method for a content distribution network according to claim 1, further comprising:
confirming that a live broadcast request initiated by a certain edge node to an appointed live broadcast channel is not received within the preset time period, and deleting the certain edge node in the target table in the storage;
wherein the target table is used for indicating the playing state of the specified live channel at each edge node.
5. The storage optimization method of the content distribution network according to claim 2, wherein the determining the duration coefficient based on the ratio of the average bit rate to the average downloading speed of the content slice specifically includes:
and determining the preset duration based on the ratio and the heat guarantee weight of the specified live channel.
6. The content distribution network storage optimization method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, before confirming that a live request initiated by an edge node for a specified live channel is not received within a preset time period, further comprising:
receiving a complete content slice corresponding to the specified live channel sent by a content source station in real time;
and writing the received complete content slice sent by the content source station into a memory.
7. A method for storage optimization in a content distribution network, comprising:
after a live broadcast request initiated by a user terminal to an appointed live broadcast channel is not received in a preset time period, if a live broadcast request initiated by any user terminal to the appointed live broadcast channel is received, a target content slice with preset time length in storage is sent to any user terminal, and the live broadcast request is sent to a content center;
and receiving the latest complete content slice corresponding to the specified live channel, writing the latest complete content slice into a memory, and sending the latest complete content slice to any user terminal when a live request initiated by any user terminal to the specified live channel is obtained again.
8. A content distribution network, comprising: one or more content centers, each content center corresponding to one or more edge nodes, respectively;
wherein the content center is configured to perform a storage optimization method of the content distribution network according to any one of claims 1 to 6; the edge node is configured to perform the storage optimization method of the content distribution network according to claim 7.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor when executing the program implements the steps of the content distribution network storage optimization method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the content distribution network storage optimization method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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