CN110855774A - Internet of things system capable of being automatically configured based on MQTT protocol - Google Patents
Internet of things system capable of being automatically configured based on MQTT protocol Download PDFInfo
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- CN110855774A CN110855774A CN201911095699.3A CN201911095699A CN110855774A CN 110855774 A CN110855774 A CN 110855774A CN 201911095699 A CN201911095699 A CN 201911095699A CN 110855774 A CN110855774 A CN 110855774A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/66—Arrangements for connecting between networks having differing types of switching systems, e.g. gateways
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/04—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
- H04L63/0428—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/08—Protocols for interworking; Protocol conversion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
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Abstract
The invention provides an Internet of things system capable of being automatically configured based on an MQTT protocol, which comprises a cloud server, an Internet of things gateway and industrial equipment, wherein the industrial equipment supports a first network communication protocol, the Internet of things gateway can realize the conversion between the first network communication protocol and the MQTT protocol, realizes the data transmission between the Internet of things gateway and the industrial equipment through the first network communication protocol, and realizes the data transmission between the Internet of things gateway and the cloud server through an encrypted MQTT protocol, namely, the automatic configuration between the equipment information of the industrial equipment and the MQTT protocol topic is realized through the Internet of things gateway, manual intervention is not needed, the use of a client is facilitated, and the cost of manpower configuration and later maintenance is saved; and the data transmission security is high, and the security of client data is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of Internet of things, in particular to an automatically configured Internet of things system based on an MQTT protocol.
Background
With the increasing development of the internet of things technology, more and more industrial devices need to access a network and perform cloud control. In order to access the internet of things, the common scheme is as follows: firstly, developing a new product with the function of the Internet of things; and secondly, developing a special gateway for the old equipment.
Among them, newly developed products with functions of internet of things often need to support a plurality of current popular access network modes: such as Wi-Fi, bluetooth, GPRS, 3G, 4G, eMTC, NB-IoT, etc., and when the product is updated, the old product will not be able to access the network, which will inevitably cause the waste of social resources and increase of cost; the special gateway developed for the old equipment can access the equipment into the internet of things after being configured by a terminal user (equipment user), but the existing internet of things gateway needs to be configured complicatedly when the equipment is connected, so that not only is the maintenance difficulty increased, but also the configuration is easy to make mistakes, and the maintenance and labor cost are increased.
Meanwhile, when the conventional technology is accessed to a network, various different network protocols are adopted for connection, the protocols used by various manufacturers are different, and the corresponding internet of things gateway needs to be compatible with different protocols, so that the development difficulty of the cloud server is increased, and the requirement on the cloud server is higher. In addition, the existing products on the market pay more attention to the diversity of functions, neglect the security of network data, often adopt simple connection based on TCP or UDP for data transmission, and are likely to cause significant loss of clients.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an automatically configured Internet of things system based on MQTT protocol
The main content of the invention comprises:
the automatically configured Internet of things system based on the MQTT protocol comprises a cloud server, a plurality of Internet of things gateways and a plurality of industrial devices; the industrial equipment is provided with a first network communication protocol interface and is connected with the Internet of things gateway through the first network communication interface;
the gateway of the internet of things is accessed to the internet through a GPRS network, and communicates with the cloud server through an encrypted MQTT protocol, and reports state data of industrial equipment to the cloud server through publishing or subscribing MQTT protocol topics, and acquires equipment configuration information from the cloud server;
the cloud server comprises an application cloud and an MQTT server, wherein the application cloud is used for providing equipment configuration information, and MQTT messages are published or subscribed through the MQTT server so as to control industrial equipment and the Internet of things gateway.
Preferably, the first network communication protocol is a Modbus communication protocol; the equipment configuration information comprises equipment configuration files, maintenance files of the gateway of the Internet of things and updating of the encrypted digital certificate.
Preferably, the internet of things gateway obtains the device configuration file from the cloud server, where the device configuration file includes automatic configuration of device access and automatic configuration of device maintenance.
Preferably, the automatic configuration of the access of the industrial equipment comprises:
the Internet of things gateway acquires a device ID of industrial equipment accessed to the Internet of things gateway through a first network communication protocol, and maps the device ID into an MQTT topic according to a network protocol variable mapping table, the Internet of things gateway issues an MQTT message through GPRS, an MQTT server forwards the message issued by the Internet of things gateway to an application cloud, and the application cloud receives the message issued by the Internet of things gateway through subscription;
the load part of the MQTT message issued by the gateway of the Internet of things comprises the equipment ID of the industrial equipment and a corresponding configuration file loading request, wherein the loading request is used for requesting to load the equipment configuration file corresponding to the equipment ID;
the application cloud receives the MQTT message forwarded by the MQTT server, according to the load content of the MQTT message, the MQTT message is published by inquiring a corresponding device configuration table, the MQTT server forwards the MQTT message, and a device configuration file corresponding to the device ID is forwarded to the Internet of things gateway subscribing the MQTT topic;
the gateway of the Internet of things receives the MQTT message from the MQTT server side, and loads the device configuration file of the MQTT message load part to realize the configuration of industrial devices;
the device configuration table comprises a UUID for identifying the configuration table, a configuration table version, a configuration table data size, a first network protocol variable type and address information and a variable subscription attribute; the network variable mapping table is stored in the application cloud and used for mapping the MQTT topic and the variable of the first network communication protocol.
Preferably, before the internet of things gateway acquires the device configuration file from the cloud server, when the industrial device accesses the internet of things gateway, the internet of things gateway queries whether the industrial device has a device configuration file corresponding to the industrial device loaded by the internet of things gateway, and if the industrial device has the device configuration file loaded by the internet of things gateway, the industrial device is directly configured; and if not, sending a request for loading the corresponding equipment configuration file to the cloud server.
Preferably, the automatic configuration of the maintenance of the industrial equipment comprises:
the Internet of things gateway acquires state data of the industrial equipment through a first network communication protocol interface, maps the state data into an MQTT topic according to a network protocol variable mapping table, issues an MQTT message, forwards the message by the MQTT server side, and subscribes the topic by the application cloud side to acquire the state data of the industrial equipment;
the application cloud end issues an MQTT message containing a control command for the industrial equipment according to state data of the industrial equipment, the MQTT server end forwards the message, and the Internet of things gateway subscribes the MQTT topic issued by the application cloud end, receives the control command for the industrial equipment and controls the industrial equipment;
the network variable mapping table is stored in the application cloud and used for mapping the MQTT topic and the variable of the first network communication protocol.
Preferably, the internet of things gateway reports the state data of the industrial equipment to the cloud server in a polling manner; the polling mode is that the internet of things gateway acquires state data of the industrial equipment according to a certain frequency, compares the state data with the state data stored last time, and starts an MQTT (maximum likelihood test) issuing mechanism when the data of two times are updated, or does not start.
Preferably, the maintaining of the internet of things gateway and the updating of the encrypted digital certificate include that the application cloud publishes a corresponding configuration file, the MQTT server forwards the MQTT topic, and the internet of things gateway subscribes to the topic, receives and loads the corresponding configuration file, so as to automatically complete the maintaining of the internet of things gateway or the updating of the encrypted digital certificate.
Preferably, the device configuration information is pre-stored in the application cloud or configured by a local AT instruction or client and transmitted to the application cloud.
Preferably, the internet of things gateway encrypts MQTT communication data through SSL or TLS, and transmits the MQTT communication data through a TCP network protocol.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides an Internet of things system capable of being automatically configured based on an MQTT protocol, which comprises a cloud server, an Internet of things gateway and industrial equipment, wherein the industrial equipment supports a first network communication protocol, the Internet of things gateway can realize the conversion between the first network communication protocol and the MQTT protocol, realizes the data transmission between the Internet of things gateway and the industrial equipment through the first network communication protocol, and realizes the data transmission between the Internet of things gateway and the cloud server through an encrypted MQTT protocol, namely, the automatic configuration between the equipment information of the industrial equipment and the MQTT protocol topic is realized through the Internet of things gateway, manual intervention is not needed, the use of a client is facilitated, and the cost of manpower configuration and later maintenance is saved; and the data transmission security is high, and the security of client data is ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a functional block diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme protected by the invention is specifically explained in the following by combining the attached drawings.
Please refer to fig. 1. The invention provides an automatic configuration Internet of things system based on an MQTT protocol, which comprises a cloud server, a plurality of Internet of things gateways and a plurality of industrial devices, wherein the cloud server is connected with the Internet of things gateways; the industrial equipment is provided with a first network communication protocol interface and is connected with the Internet of things gateway through a GPRS network; in this embodiment, the first network communication protocol interface is a Modbus communication protocol interface, and may also be a communication protocol developed by the company itself, and in order to enable the internet of things system provided by the present invention to be applied to products in other fields and other enterprises, preferably, the first network communication protocol is a Modbus protocol, the industrial equipment and the internet of things gateway both support the Modbus protocol, and the industrial equipment is connected with the internet of things gateway through the Modbus interface to send a Modbus RTU message to the internet of things gateway.
The Internet of things gateway and the cloud server are communicated through an MQTT protocol, and the Internet of things gateway is connected with the cloud server through an encrypted GPRS network. The Internet of things gateway is used for acquiring a device configuration file from the cloud server to achieve automatic configuration of industrial equipment, namely the Internet of things gateway receives a Modbus RTU message sent by the industrial equipment, maps the Modbus RTU message into a topic of an MQTT protocol, and then achieves data transmission with the cloud server.
Specifically, the cloud server comprises an application cloud and an MQTT server, wherein the application cloud is used for configuring configuration files of the industrial equipment and the Internet of things gateway and encrypted digital certificates used in network transmission, namely the configuration files of the newly accessed industrial equipment, the configuration files maintained by the industrial equipment, the files of firmware updating of the Internet of things gateway and the like, the updating files of the encrypted digital certificates used for the encrypted network and the like can be provided; and the MQTT server serves as a Broker (Broker) in MQTT communication and is used for establishing, modifying or deleting connection with two clients of an application cloud and an Internet of things gateway and forwarding publishing and subscribing messages of the two clients.
In one scenario, after an industrial device with a Modbus network protocol interface is connected with an Internet of things gateway through a Modbus interface, the Internet of things gateway sends an MQTT message to a cloud server according to a device ID of the industrial device by inquiring a network variable mapping table from the cloud server, mapping a configuration file loading request accessed by the industrial device into a corresponding MQTT topic, namely sending a device configuration file request corresponding to the device to the cloud server, wherein the MQTT server forwards and receives the message to the application cloud terminal, the application cloud terminal issues the corresponding device configuration file as the MQTT message according to the content of a load part in the message by inquiring a corresponding device configuration table, and forwards the message to the Internet of things gateway subscribed to the MQTT topic, and after receiving the configuration file, the gateway of the Internet of things loads the equipment configuration file of the load part, thereby realizing automatic configuration of the industrial equipment.
The device configuration table comprises a UUID for identifying the configuration table, a configuration table version, a configuration table data size, a first network protocol variable type and address information and a variable subscription attribute; the network variable mapping table is stored in the application cloud and used for mapping the MQTT topic and a variable of a first network communication protocol; the network variable mapping table is a form for realizing conversion between a first network communication protocol and an MQTT protocol, namely mapping between an MQTT protocol topic and a Modbus variable is realized, and the network variable mapping table can be stored in a cloud server in advance and also can be configured through an AT instruction or an APP and then synchronized to the cloud server.
In one embodiment, when an industrial device is connected with an internet of things gateway through a Modbus interface, the internet of things gateway firstly inquires whether the industrial device is loaded with a device configuration file corresponding to the industrial device, and if the industrial device is loaded with the device configuration file, the industrial device is directly configured; and if not, sending a request for loading the corresponding equipment configuration file to the cloud server.
In one scenario, when the industrial equipment needs to be maintained or upgraded, the internet of things gateway is further used for converting the acquired state data of the industrial equipment accessed to the internet of things gateway into a corresponding topic in an MQTT protocol according to a network variable mapping table, and subscribing and publishing the MQTT protocol topic with the cloud server; the Internet of things gateway converts the acquired state data of the industrial equipment into a corresponding MQTT protocol topic, and then releases the topic, the application cloud receives the topic through subscription, so that the topic is forwarded by the MQTT server to acquire the state data of the industrial equipment, and meanwhile, the Internet of things gateway also subscribes the topic released by the application cloud, so that the application cloud can control the industrial equipment or modify the Modbus variable of the industrial equipment, and the automatic maintenance and upgrading of the industrial equipment can be realized.
Further, in order to save network resources, the internet of things gateway reports the state data of the industrial equipment to the cloud server in a polling mode; the polling mode is that the internet of things gateway acquires state data of the industrial equipment according to a certain frequency, compares the state data with the state data stored last time, and starts an MQTT (maximum likelihood test) issuing mechanism when the data of two times are updated, or does not start.
In another scenario, when the firmware of the internet of things gateway is upgraded or the network encryption digital certificate needs to be updated, the application cloud publishes the corresponding configuration file, the MQTT server forwards the MQTT topic, and the internet of things gateway subscribes to the topic, receives and loads the corresponding configuration file, so that the maintenance of the internet of things gateway or the updating of the encryption digital certificate can be automatically completed, a single maintenance device is not needed, manual access is not needed, and the operation and maintenance cost is reduced. Specifically, the internet of things gateway encrypts MQTT communication data through SSL or TLS, and transmits the data through a TCP network protocol, so that the data security of a client is ensured, and the certificate is updated through the MQTT protocol, so that the security is further improved.
The working method of the internet of things system of the invention is illustrated by taking an example of accessing an industrial device into an internet of things gateway:
firstly, for certain industrial equipment with a Modbus protocol interface, the Modbus interface of the industrial equipment is connected with an Internet of things gateway, and the Internet of things gateway acquires an equipment ID of the industrial equipment, wherein the equipment ID has uniqueness; then, the gateway of the internet of things firstly inquires whether the gateway of the internet of things is loaded with the equipment configuration file corresponding to the industrial equipment, and if the gateway of the internet of things is loaded, the gateway of the internet of things is directly configured; and when the device configuration file is not loaded, the internet of things gateway acquires the device configuration file from the cloud server to realize automatic configuration of the industrial device, and the device configuration file loaded at this time can cover the device configuration file loaded before the internet of things gateway, so that the requirement on resources of the internet of things gateway is reduced, and the layout cost is reduced.
The step of acquiring the device configuration file from the cloud server by the internet of things gateway to realize automatic configuration of the industrial device comprises the following steps: the gateway of the Internet of things acquires the equipment ID of the industrial equipment accessed to the gateway of the Internet of things, sends a loading request of a configuration file to the cloud server according to the equipment ID, and maps the loading request into an MQTT message; the loading request is used for requesting to load the device configuration file corresponding to the device ID;
the cloud server subscribes to the topic, after receiving the MQTT message, according to the equipment ID in a loading request sent by the Internet of things gateway, the corresponding equipment configuration table is inquired, the corresponding MQTT protocol topic is issued to the Internet of things gateway so as to transmit an equipment configuration file corresponding to the equipment ID, and the Internet of things gateway receives the equipment configuration file transmitted by the cloud server through subscribing to the topic of the cloud server so as to load the equipment configuration file, so that the automatic configuration of the industrial equipment is realized;
in the using process of the industrial equipment, the internet of things gateway can report the state data of the corresponding industrial equipment to the cloud server and can receive the control of the cloud server on the industrial equipment or modify the Modbus variable of the industrial equipment, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
the Internet of things gateway reports the state data of the industrial equipment to the cloud server in a polling mode, namely the Internet of things gateway acquires equipment variables of the industrial equipment according to a certain frequency and compares the equipment variables with the data of the equipment variables stored last time, and when the data of the two times are updated, the Internet of things gateway starts an MQTT (maximum likelihood test) release mechanism, otherwise, the Internet of things gateway does not start; the Internet of things gateway starting MQTT releasing mechanism refers to the fact that state data of the industrial equipment are reported to the cloud server, meanwhile, the control terminal sends a control command to the cloud server, the Internet of things gateway can also receive modification of parameters, such as control and upgrading of the industrial equipment, released by the cloud server through subscribing of corresponding topics, and automatic maintenance of the industrial equipment is achieved.
Meanwhile, when the firmware of each Internet of things gateway needs to be updated or the network encryption digital certificate needs to be updated, corresponding update files are directly configured by the application cloud and are issued to the corresponding Internet of things gateway through the MQTT protocol, so that the automatic maintenance of the Internet of things gateway is realized.
In addition, the internet of things gateway in the invention adopts a wide voltage design, can directly get electricity from a controller, and can also be matched with a power adapter for use, and in the embodiment, the internet of things gateway reserves two power interfaces: spiro union terminal and circular power socket, wherein, spiro union terminal can be used for connection control's power outlet, and circular power socket can with common power adapter interface adaptation, the nimble selection of customer of being convenient for. Meanwhile, the antenna design of the gateway of the Internet of things can adopt an external form, so that the installation and deployment of customers are facilitated.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The automatically configured Internet of things system based on the MQTT protocol is characterized by comprising a cloud server, a plurality of Internet of things gateways and a plurality of industrial devices; the industrial equipment is provided with a first network communication protocol interface and is connected with the Internet of things gateway through the first network communication interface;
the gateway of the internet of things is accessed to the internet through a GPRS network, and communicates with the cloud server through an encrypted MQTT protocol, and reports state data of industrial equipment to the cloud server through publishing or subscribing MQTT protocol topics, and acquires equipment configuration information from the cloud server;
the cloud server comprises an application cloud and an MQTT server, wherein the application cloud is used for providing equipment configuration information, and MQTT messages are published or subscribed through the MQTT server so as to control industrial equipment and the Internet of things gateway.
2. The MQTT protocol-based automatically-configured Internet of things system of claim 1, wherein the first network communication protocol is a Modbus communication protocol; the equipment configuration information comprises equipment configuration files, maintenance files of the gateway of the Internet of things and updating of the encrypted digital certificate.
3. The MQTT protocol-based automatically-configured internet of things system of claim 2, wherein the internet of things gateway obtaining a device configuration file from the cloud server comprises automatic configuration of device access and automatic configuration of device maintenance.
4. The MQTT protocol-based automatically-configured Internet of things system of claim 3, wherein the automatic configuration of industrial device access comprises:
the Internet of things gateway acquires a device ID of industrial equipment accessed to the Internet of things gateway through a first network communication protocol, and maps the device ID into an MQTT topic according to a network protocol variable mapping table, the Internet of things gateway issues an MQTT message through GPRS, an MQTT server forwards the message issued by the Internet of things gateway to an application cloud, and the application cloud receives the message issued by the Internet of things gateway through subscription;
the load part of the MQTT message issued by the gateway of the Internet of things comprises the equipment ID of the industrial equipment and a corresponding configuration file loading request, wherein the loading request is used for requesting to load the equipment configuration file corresponding to the equipment ID;
the application cloud receives the MQTT message forwarded by the MQTT server, according to the load content of the MQTT message, the MQTT message is published by inquiring a corresponding device configuration table, the MQTT server forwards the MQTT message, and a device configuration file corresponding to the device ID is forwarded to the Internet of things gateway subscribing the MQTT topic;
the gateway of the Internet of things receives the MQTT message from the MQTT server side, and loads the device configuration file of the MQTT message load part to realize the configuration of industrial devices;
the device configuration table comprises a UUID for identifying the configuration table, a configuration table version, a configuration table data size, a first network protocol variable type and address information and a variable subscription attribute; the network variable mapping table is stored in the application cloud and used for mapping the MQTT topic and the variable of the first network communication protocol.
5. The MQTT protocol-based automatically-configured IOT system of claim 4, wherein before the IOT gateway obtains the device configuration file from the cloud server, the IOT gateway queries whether the IOT gateway has loaded the device configuration file corresponding to the industrial device when the industrial device accesses the IOT gateway, and directly configures the industrial device if the IOT gateway has been loaded; and if not, sending a request for loading the corresponding equipment configuration file to the cloud server.
6. The MQTT protocol-based automatically-configured Internet of things system of claim 3, wherein the automatic configuration of industrial device maintenance comprises:
the Internet of things gateway acquires state data of the industrial equipment through a first network communication protocol interface, maps the state data into an MQTT topic according to a network protocol variable mapping table, issues an MQTT message, forwards the message by the MQTT server side, and subscribes the topic by the application cloud side to acquire the state data of the industrial equipment;
the application cloud end issues an MQTT message containing a control command for the industrial equipment according to state data of the industrial equipment, the MQTT server end forwards the message, and the Internet of things gateway subscribes the MQTT topic issued by the application cloud end, receives the control command for the industrial equipment and controls the industrial equipment;
the network variable mapping table is stored in the application cloud and used for mapping the MQTT topic and the variable of the first network communication protocol.
7. The MQTT protocol-based automatically-configured IOT system of claim 6, wherein the IOT gateway reports status data of industrial equipment to the cloud server in a polling manner; the polling mode is that the internet of things gateway acquires state data of the industrial equipment according to a certain frequency, compares the state data with the state data stored last time, and starts an MQTT (maximum likelihood test) issuing mechanism when the data of two times are updated, or does not start.
8. The system of claim 2, wherein the maintaining of the gateway of the internet of things and the updating of the encrypted digital certificate comprise the application cloud issuing corresponding configuration files, the MQTT server forwarding the MQTT topic, the gateway of the internet of things subscribing to the topic, and receiving and loading corresponding configuration files to automatically complete the maintaining of the gateway of the internet of things or the updating of the encrypted digital certificate.
9. The MQTT protocol-based automatically-configured internet-of-things system according to claim 1, wherein the device configuration information is pre-stored in the application cloud or configured by a local AT command or client and transmitted to the application cloud.
10. The Internet of things system capable of being automatically configured based on the MQTT protocol as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Internet of things gateway encrypts MQTT communication data through SSL or TLS and transmits the MQTT communication data through a TCP (transmission control protocol) network protocol.
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