CN110855363B - Optimal dimming control visible light communication system and method based on distortion strategy - Google Patents
Optimal dimming control visible light communication system and method based on distortion strategy Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
- H04B10/114—Indoor or close-range type systems
- H04B10/116—Visible light communication
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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- G06F18/23—Clustering techniques
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/54—Intensity modulation
- H04B10/541—Digital intensity or amplitude modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/548—Phase or frequency modulation
- H04B10/556—Digital modulation, e.g. differential phase shift keying [DPSK] or frequency shift keying [FSK]
- H04B10/5561—Digital phase modulation
Abstract
The invention provides a distortion strategy-based optimized dimming control visible light communication system, which comprises a transmitter and a receiver, and also provides a communication method, wherein the communication method comprises a carrier modulation process of the transmitter, wherein a TR subcarrier is inserted into an OFDM symbol, signal distortion constraint is carried out on other OFDM subcarriers carrying information, and then a modulated signal is sent to the receiver; the receiver transmits the obtained series of subcarriers to a distorted signal solving module, the distorted signal solving module calculates the real amplification factor of the useful signal, under the condition of not changing the bandwidth, the potential influence of signal distortion on effective signal transmission is analyzed and mined, and under the condition of giving dimming constraint, the signal distortion can provide more effective signal amplification capability, so that the communication is more reliable; meanwhile, the superiority of the L1 norm under the condition of solving large distortion is utilized, a clustering algorithm is adopted to ensure that some wrong local optimum points are avoided, and the performance and the transmission efficiency of the visible light communication system are effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of visible light communication dimming control, in particular to a distortion strategy-based visible light communication system for optimizing dimming control, and further relates to a distortion strategy-based visible light communication method for optimizing dimming control.
Background
Currently, advanced dimming approaches are divided into two categories: digital dimming and analog dimming. The digital dimming mode achieves the aim of dimming by changing a waveform structure, and the analog dimming mode achieves dimming by directly adjusting light-emitting diode (LED) bias and specific waveforms [1 ]. For digital dimming, the main implementation mainly uses encoding for dimming pulse-width modulation (PWM) [2], and some schemes for modification on this basis. The digital dimming technology has certain limitations because the digital dimming technology changes the waveform duty ratio or performs dimming operation in a pulse mode or other modes through an encoding technology, which possibly reduces the communication rate of a system or increases the bandwidth of the system, and increases the complexity of signal processing of a user terminal. For analog dimming, the corresponding main implementation modes are asymmetric hybrid optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (AHO-OFDM) [3], high power frequency-efficient orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system [4], which is mostly composed of asymmetric shaped optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (QAM) with high spectral efficiency and pulse amplitude modulated discrete single tone (PAM-DMT) with low efficiency, and thus the total transmission efficiency is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an optimized dimming control visible light communication system based on a distortion strategy, aiming at overcoming the technical defects that the communication rate of the system is reduced or the bandwidth of the system is increased and the complexity of a user terminal for processing signals is finally increased in the existing digital dimming mode and the technical defect that the transmission efficiency is low in the existing analog dimming mode.
The invention also provides an optimized dimming control visible light communication method based on the distortion strategy.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an optimized dimming control visible light communication system based on a distortion strategy comprises a transmitter, wherein an enhanced convex optimized dimming control frame is arranged on the transmitter, and the enhanced convex optimized dimming control frame comprises an optical-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O-OFDM) subsystem, a Tone Reservation (TR) subsystem, a signal distortion constraint module and an out-of-band distortion optimization module; wherein:
the O-OFDM subsystem is used for generating an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol; the TR subsystem is used for inserting the corresponding optimized subcarrier signals into corresponding positions of subcarriers reserved in the OFDM symbols; the signal distortion constraint module carries out signal distortion constraint on other OFDM symbols carrying information, and the out-of-band distortion optimization module carries out optimization and converts the OFDM symbols into electrical O-OFDM signals; and finally, converting the electrical O-OFDM signal into an optical signal by the transmitter and transmitting the optical signal in a corresponding VLC channel.
A distortion strategy-based optimized dimming control visible light communication system comprises a receiver, wherein a distortion signal solving module is arranged on the receiver and is used for solving effective signal distortion and solving out-of-band distortion; wherein:
the receiver obtains a series of subcarriers after optical-electrical conversion, transmits the subcarriers to the distortion signal solving module, and the distortion signal solving module calculates the real amplification factor of the useful signal, so as to demodulate the corresponding signal.
A distortion strategy-based optimized dimming control visible light communication method comprises a carrier modulation process of a transmitter, and comprises the following steps:
the optical-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing O-OFDM subsystem generates an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol;
the tone reservation TR subsystem inserts TR subcarriers into OFDM symbols;
the signal distortion constraint module carries out signal distortion constraint on other OFDM symbols carrying information;
the out-of-band distortion optimization module optimizes the signals after the signal distortion constraint and converts the signals into electrical O-OFDM signals;
and finally, converting the electrical O-OFDM signals into optical signals on a transmitter, and transmitting the optical signals into corresponding VLC channels for transmission.
The carrier modulation process of the transmitter specifically comprises:
defining the frequency domain FD signal subcarrier index needing to be transmitted in each OFDM symbol as a set I in an O-OFDM subsystem s ={P s ,s=1,2,...,N s And P is s ≤N s /2-1,N s Represents the total number of sub-carriers of useful information sent by one OFDM symbol; wherein, the value frequency domain FD signal X of the original signal to be transmitted s Expressed as:
by means of I l And I h Represents the range of photocurrent passed through the transmitter, where the dimming level η is expressed as:
wherein, the dimming level eta is set by the actual situation, so as to obtain the corresponding photocurrent average value I av (ii) a Thus, the parameter I needed in the OFDM symbol is obtained s 、X s 、I av 、I l And I h ;
In tone reservation, TR, subsystem, the index of the TR sub-carriers is defined as set I i ={P i ,s=1,2,...,N i },P i ≤N i /2-1,N i Represents the total number of TR sub-carriers carried by one OFDM symbol; thus, inserting TR subcarriers into an OFDM symbol includes:
I s ∪I i ={1,2,...,N/2-1}
wherein N is i +N s (N/2) -1, and in addition, X is used i Denotes a TR subcarrier variation used in frequency domain FD; in the signal distortion constraint module, the variable xi is used 1 Quantifying the degree of signal distortion by the variable xi 2 The energy of the TR subcarrier signal is quantized, so in the time-frequency transform of the signal, the corresponding fourier transform matrix is:
wherein, W N =e -j2π/N Thus, the frequency domain FD signal X corresponding to the transmitted signal is:
X=W D s
wherein the parameter s represents the valid signal,n is the total number of inverse fast Fourier transforms, R + Representing positive real numbers, which are represented by the parameter I s 、X s 、I av 、I l And I h Determining; and then carrying out signal distortion constraint on the obtained signal X, optimizing the signal after the signal distortion constraint by an out-of-band distortion optimization module, converting the signal into an electrical O-OFDM signal, and finally transmitting the electrical O-OFDM signal by a transmitter.
The signal distortion constraint expression specifically includes:
defining decimation matricesAndwhich extracts the true signal portion and the TR signal portion of the signal X, respectively; defining p as the amplification factor of the useful signal, d as the minimum value of the values of the decision distances from all the really transmitted signal points to the corresponding constellation diagram, and maximizing the minimum value to obtain the best communication performance, wherein the expression of the corresponding total optimization is as follows:
s.t.X=W D s
max s≤I h
min s≥I l
0≤d≤d i,j ,i∈I s ,x j ∈Y i
setting the constellation diagram set in the process as A, and normalizing the energy of all constellation points in A to 1; let parameter x i Taken from the sets A, x i Is Y i In which there is x j ∈Y i (ii) a When the constellation diagram is amplified by p times, the corresponding point is set as px i The point transmitted by the transmitter is x * Then its neighbor point x j ,x j ∈K i The distance of the formed decision curve is specifically expressed as:
i.e., the transformation is expressed as:
the specific process of optimizing the signal after the signal distortion constraint by the out-of-band distortion optimization module is as follows:
let the signal transmitted by the transmitter beWhere L is the over-sampling rate used to describe the out-of-band distortion, assuming that the receiver is expected to receive a down-sampled signal ofWhereinDown-sampling the signal with a receiver, defining an oversampled fourier transform matrix:
wherein, W NL =e -j2π/NL Then, define the variable xi 3 Quantizing the degree of out-of-band distortion, then optimizing the signal distortion constraint to:
s.t.X L =W L s L
X=W D Ds L
max s L ≤I h
min s L ≥I l
wherein E is L3 Represents extracting X L Of the broadband external signal.
The method comprises a carrier distortion signal solving process of a receiver, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the receiver obtains a series of subcarriers after optical-electrical conversion, transmits the subcarriers to the distortion signal solving module, and demodulates the carrier signals by the distortion signal solving module to obtain the real amplification factor of the useful signals, thereby finally demodulating the corresponding signals.
The receiver specifically performs cyclic prefix removal processing, serial-parallel conversion processing and fast Fourier transform processing on an optical signal received from an optical channel through optical-electrical conversion to obtain a series of subcarriers; wherein:
the frequency FD signal received by the k-th subcarrier is represented as:
Y[k]=H[k]X[k]+N[k]
wherein X [ k ] denotes the kth signal of the frequency domain FD signal X; n [ k ] is complex additive white Gaussian noise with zero mean, representing the noise vector of the kth signal corresponding to X [ k ]; h [ k ] is a channel transfer function CTF with respect to a channel impulse response CIR, and represents a channel of a k-th signal corresponding to X [ k ].
Wherein, in the distortion signal solving module, the signal amplification factor needs to be solvedUseful signal of original signal to be transmittedAnd signals used for transmitting TR sub-carriersFurther, the CTF of the effective signal subcarrier is defined asCTF corresponding to TR subcarrier isDefinition ofWherein, with respect to the variablesIs a dual variable of the inequality constraint ofAbout signal amplification factorIs a dual variable of the inequality constraint ofIn the blind estimation process, according to the variablesVariables ofVariables ofUpdating the sequence of (a); wherein:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,denotes the Hadamard product, F s Each element of (1) is H s The reciprocal of each element in (1); y represents a vector Y [ k ]](ii) a If obtainedTo an optimal solutionUsing maximum likelihood decisionsIs judged byWhileThe points of the corresponding constellation diagram are obtained through maximum likelihood estimation, and the judgment expression is as follows:
if it concerns the variableIs the optimal solution of dual variables of the inequality constraint ofWhen the value is equal to 0, the value,comprises the following steps:
wherein the parametersRepresenting a diagonal matrix as an integral variable; if it is related to a variableIs the optimal solution of the dual variable of the inequality constraint ofWhen not equal to 0, solving the functionZero point of (2), whereinIs composed of
The corresponding derivatives are:
thus, the function is scaled by Newton's methodIs solved, and the obtained zero point is obtainedSubstituting the numerical value into the following formula to obtainComprises the following steps:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,is a number N i ×N i The identity matrix of (1); after the update is finishedThen, if regarding the variablesIs the optimal solution of dual variables of the inequality constraint ofWhen the value is equal to 0, the value,comprises the following steps:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,the representation is taken as the real part of x,representing the imaginary part of x; defining parameters Andthe parameters r and i are spliced into a large vector v ri And r is s And i s Spliced into another large vectorThen, the l1 norm optimal solution algorithm is adopted for solving:
first to v ri Is subjected to sequencing to obtainAnd its corresponding data v about the original data ri Is ordered as W ri Using v just obtained ri Index ordering W of ri For is toIs reordered to obtainNext, according to the formula (1), there are:
taking N from 2 to 2N s And step size is 1, calculate:
if the above-mentioned variables relate toIs the optimal solution of dual variables of the inequality constraint ofWhen the value is not equal to 0, the value,
will be updatedAsAnd substituting in an equation to obtain the numerical value of the objective function and finish the solving process of the distortion signal.
After the solving process of the distortion signal, the numerical value of the objective function is processed by adopting a clustering algorithm, so that the influence of a series of local minimum values on the result on the final pair variable is avoidedThe accurate judgment of (2) is specific:
pre-aggregating vector c of stored cost function and storing optimal valueVector c of p To obtain a ternary tuple (a) i ,ι i ,f i ) I is 1, …, Label, wherein a i Is a vector of class i, consisting of vector c p Is of a group of i Is a i Mean, f, of the corresponding elements located in the vector c i Is a vector a i Is the total number of categories; the operation effectively avoids influence on the last pair caused by a series of local minimum values found by a heuristic algorithmAnd (4) accurate judgment.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the optimal dimming control visible light communication system and method based on the distortion strategy, the potential influence of signal distortion on effective signal transmission is analyzed and mined under the condition that the bandwidth is not changed, and under the condition of given dimming constraint, the signal distortion can provide more effective signal amplification capability, so that the communication is more reliable; meanwhile, the advantage of the L1 norm under the condition of solving large distortion is utilized, and a clustering algorithm is adopted to ensure that the method does not fall into some wrong local optimum points, so that the performance and the transmission efficiency of the visible light communication system are effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the bit error rate BER at a dimming level of 0.25;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the bit error rate BER at a dimming level of 0.5;
fig. 4 is a diagram of the maximum spectral efficiency that can be achieved by different schemes at different dimming levels.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product;
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
The invention adopts an optimized dimming control visible light communication system based on a distortion strategy, which comprises a transmitter, wherein an enhanced convex optimized dimming control frame is arranged on the transmitter, and the enhanced convex optimized dimming control frame comprises an optical-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O-OFDM) subsystem, a Tone Reservation (TR) subsystem, a signal distortion constraint module and an out-of-band distortion optimization module; wherein:
the O-OFDM subsystem is used for generating an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol; the TR subsystem is used for inserting the corresponding optimized subcarrier signals into corresponding positions of subcarriers reserved in the OFDM symbols; the signal distortion constraint module carries out signal distortion constraint on other OFDM symbols carrying information, and the out-of-band distortion optimization module carries out optimization and converts the OFDM symbols into electrical O-OFDM signals; and finally, converting the electrical O-OFDM signal into an optical signal by the transmitter and transmitting the optical signal in a corresponding VLC channel.
More specifically, the optimized dimming control visible light communication system based on the distortion strategy comprises a receiver, wherein a distortion signal solving module is arranged on the receiver and is used for solving effective signal distortion and solving out-of-band distortion; wherein:
the receiver obtains a series of subcarriers after optical-electrical conversion, transmits the subcarriers to the distortion signal solving module, and the distortion signal solving module calculates the real amplification factor of the useful signal, thereby demodulating the corresponding signal.
Example 2
More specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a distortion-strategy-based optimized dimming control visible light communication method includes a carrier modulation process of a transmitter, including:
the optical-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing O-OFDM subsystem generates an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol;
the tone reservation TR subsystem inserts TR subcarriers into OFDM symbols;
the signal distortion constraint module carries out signal distortion constraint on other OFDM symbols carrying information;
the out-of-band distortion optimization module optimizes the signals after the signal distortion constraint and converts the signals into electric O-OFDM signals;
and finally, converting the electrical O-OFDM signals into optical signals on a transmitter, and transmitting the optical signals to a corresponding VLC channel for transmission.
The carrier modulation process of the transmitter specifically includes:
defining the frequency domain FD signal subcarrier index needing to be transmitted in each OFDM symbol as a set I in an O-OFDM subsystem s ={P s ,s=1,2,...,N s H, and P s ≤N s /2-1,N s Represents the total number of sub-carriers of useful information sent by one OFDM symbol; wherein, the value frequency domain FD signal X of the original signal to be transmitted s Expressed as:
by means of I l And I h Represents the range of photocurrent passed through the transmitter, where the dimming level η is expressed as:
wherein, the dimming level eta is set by the actual situation, so as to obtain the corresponding photocurrent average value I av (ii) a Thus, the parameter I needed in the OFDM symbol is obtained s 、X s 、I av 、I l And I h ;
In tone reservation, TR, subsystem, the index of the TR sub-carriers is defined as set I i ={P i ,s=1,2,...,N i },P i ≤N i /2-1,N i Represents the total number of TR subcarriers carried by one OFDM symbol; thus, inserting TR subcarriers into an OFDM symbol includes:
I s ∪I i ={1,2,...,N/2-1}
wherein N is i +N s (N/2) -1, furthermore, X i Denotes a TR subcarrier variation used in frequency domain FD; in the signal distortion constraint module, the variable xi is used 1 Quantifying the degree of signal distortion by the variable xi 2 The energy of the TR subcarrier signal is quantized, so in the time-frequency transform of the signal, the corresponding fourier transform matrix is:
wherein, W N =e -j2π/N Thus, the frequency domain FD signal X corresponding to the transmitted signal is:
X=W D s
wherein the parameter s represents the valid signal,n is the total number of inverse fast Fourier transforms, R + Representing positive real numbers, represented by the parameter I s 、X s 、I av 、I l And I h Determining; and then carrying out signal distortion constraint on the obtained signal X, optimizing the signal after the signal distortion constraint by an out-of-band distortion optimization module, converting the signal into an electrical O-OFDM signal, and finally transmitting the electrical O-OFDM signal by a transmitter.
The signal distortion constraint expression specifically includes:
defining decimation matricesAndwhich extracts the true signal part and the TR signal part in the signal X respectively; defining p as the amplification factor of the useful signal, d as the minimum value of the values of the decision distances from all the really transmitted signal points to the corresponding constellation diagram, and maximizing the minimum value to obtain the best communication performance, wherein the expression of the corresponding total optimization is as follows:
s.t.X=W D s
max s≤I h
min s≥I l
0≤d≤d i,j ,i∈I s ,x j ∈Y i
setting the constellation diagram set in the process as A, and normalizing the energy of all constellation points in A to 1; let parameter x i Taken from the set A, x i Is Y i In which there is x j ∈Y i (ii) a When the constellation diagram is amplified by p times, the corresponding point is set as px i The point transmitted by the transmitter is x * Then its neighbor point x j ,x j ∈K i The distance of the formed decision curve is specifically expressed as:
i.e., the transformation is expressed as:
the specific process of optimizing the signal after the signal distortion constraint by the out-of-band distortion optimization module is as follows:
let the signal transmitted by the transmitter beWhere L is the over-sampling rate used to describe the out-of-band distortion, assuming that the receiver is expected to receive a down-sampled signal ofWhereinDown-sampling the signal with a receiver, defining an oversampled fourier transform matrix:
wherein, W NL =e -j2π/NL Then, define the variable xi 3 Quantizing the degree of out-of-band distortion, then optimizing the signal distortion constraint to:
s.t.X L =W L s L
X=W D Ds L
max s L ≤I h
min s L ≥I l
wherein E is L3 Representation extraction X L Of the broadband external signal.
The method comprises a carrier distortion signal solving process of a receiver, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the receiver obtains a series of subcarriers after optical-electrical conversion, the subcarriers are transmitted to the distortion signal solving module, the distortion signal solving module demodulates the carrier signals to obtain the real amplification factor of the useful signals, and finally the corresponding signals are demodulated.
The receiver specifically performs cyclic prefix removal processing, serial-parallel conversion processing and fast Fourier transform processing on an optical signal received from an optical channel through optical-electrical conversion to obtain a series of subcarriers; wherein:
the frequency FD signal received by the kth subcarrier is expressed as:
Y[k]=H[k]X[k]+N[k]
wherein X [ k ] denotes the kth signal of the frequency domain FD signal X; n [ k ] is complex additive white Gaussian noise with zero mean, representing the noise vector of the kth signal corresponding to X [ k ]; h [ k ] is a channel transfer function CTF with respect to a channel impulse response CIR, and represents a channel of a k-th signal corresponding to X [ k ].
Wherein, in the distortion signal solving module, the signal amplification factor needs to be solvedUseful signal of original signal to be transmittedAnd signals used for transmitting TR sub-carriersFurther, the CTF of the effective signal subcarrier is defined asCTF corresponding to TR subcarrier isDefinition ofWherein, with respect to the variablesIs a dual variable of the inequality constraint ofAbout signal amplification factorIs a dual variable of the inequality constraint ofIn the blind estimation process, according to the variablesVariables ofVariables ofUpdating the sequence of (a); wherein:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,denotes the Hadamard product, F s Each element of (1) is H s The reciprocal of each element in (1); y represents a vector Y [ k ]](ii) a If obtainedTo an optimal solutionUsing maximum likelihood decisionsIs judged byWhileThe corresponding points of the constellation diagram are obtained through maximum likelihood estimation, and the judgment expression is as follows:
if it is related to a variableIs the optimal solution of dual variables of the inequality constraint ofWhen the value is equal to 0, the value,comprises the following steps:
wherein the parametersRepresenting a diagonal matrix as an integral variable; if it is related to a variableIs the optimal solution of dual variables of the inequality constraint ofWhen not equal to 0, first solveFunction(s)Of (2), whereinIs composed of
The corresponding derivatives are:
thus, the function is scaled by Newton's methodIs solved, and the obtained zero point is obtainedSubstituting the numerical value into the following formula to obtainComprises the following steps:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,is a number N i ×N i The identity matrix of (1); after the update is finishedThen, if regarding the variablesIs constrained by an inequality ofThe optimal solution for the dual variables isWhen the value is equal to 0, the value,comprises the following steps:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,the representation is taken as the real part of x,representing the imaginary part of x; defining parameters Andstitching the parameters r and i into a large vector v ri And r is s And i s Spliced into another large vectorThen, the l1 norm optimal solution algorithm is adopted for solving:
first, for v ri Is subjected to sequencing to obtainAnd its corresponding data v about the original data ri Is ordered as W ri Using v just obtained ri Index ordering W of ri To pairIs reordered to obtainNext, according to the formula (1), there are:
taking N from 2 to 2N s And step size is 1, calculate:
if the above-mentioned variables relate toIs the optimal solution of dual variables of the inequality constraint ofWhen the value is not equal to 0, the value,
will be updatedAsAnd substituting in an equation to obtain the numerical value of the objective function and finish the solving process of the distortion signal.
After the solving process of the distortion signal, the numerical value of the objective function is processed by adopting a clustering algorithm, so that the influence of a series of local minimum values on the result on the final pair variable is avoidedThe accurate judgment of (1) specifically:
pre-aggregating vector c of stored cost function and storing optimal valueVector c of p To obtain a ternary tuple (a) i ,ι i ,f i ) I is 1, …, Label, wherein a i Is a vector of class i, consisting of vector c p Is the composition of the adjacent elements in i Is a i Mean, f, of the corresponding elements located in the vector c i Is a vector a i Is the total number of categories; the operation effectively avoids a series of local minimum values found by a heuristic algorithm from influencing the final pairAnd (4) accurate judgment.
In a specific implementation process, the distortion strategy-based optimal dimming control visible light communication system and method provided by the invention analyze and mine the potential influence of signal distortion on effective signal transmission under the condition of not changing bandwidth, and under the condition of giving dimming constraint, the signal distortion can provide more effective signal amplification capability, so that the communication is more reliable; meanwhile, the advantages of the L1 norm solution under the large distortion scene are utilized, and the clustering algorithm is adopted to ensure that the method is not trapped in some wrong local optimal points, so that the performance and the transmission efficiency of the visible light communication system are effectively improved.
Example 3
To more fully illustrate the benefits of the present invention, the following simulation analyses and results further illustrate the effectiveness and advancement of the present invention. Assuming a conventional indoor scene, a size of 5x5x4m is used 3 Wherein the VLC channel model maximum reflection order is set to four, and the room center is located at (0, 0). The LED is centrally located and the user device employs a single photo-detector (PD) to receive the signal transmitted from the LED. Note that the field of view (FOV) angle of the PD may affect the performance of the VLC system. As an example, [5 ] is used]Configuration a in (2) sets the FOV to 70 °. Unless otherwise stated, the parameters in table 1 apply to most scenarios tested in the present invention. Where M is the modulation order of MQAM.
In the implementation, the method of the present invention is compared with other advanced algorithms, as shown in fig. 2 and 3. Therein, depicted are Bit Error Rate (BER) plots for different algorithms at dimming levels equal to 0.25, 0.5, respectively, where the abscissa is the noise variance of the receiver. In the figure, the CB-DCF algorithm proposed by the scheme adopts a 64QAM modulation mode, the highest spectral efficiency is 2.60 bits/s/Hz, other algorithms such as AHO-OFDM adopt 64QAM and 8PAM, and the parameters use the beta specified in the text ACO =β PAM =3,The highest frequency spectrum efficiency is 2.24 bit/s/Hz; the combined HACO and NHACO system proposed by Yang, using 128QAM and 8PAM, with parameters using the β specified in the text ACO =β PAM The highest spectral efficiency is 2.49bit/s/Hz, 4. As can be seen from fig. 2 and fig. 3, the system of AHO-OFDM and combining HACO and NHACO is easy to have error flat in the case of low noise of the receiver, and the effect is not good, while the BER obtained by CB-CDF shows waterfall type drop, and obviously as the signal-to-noise ratio increases, the performance becomes better.
In the implementation process, as shown in fig. 4, the scheme can obtain spectral efficiency under different dimming levels. AHO-OFDM and systems combining HACO and NHACO are used as a comparison, and different constellations, different modulation schemes are used to evaluate the achievable spectral efficiency in order to meet the requirements of a particular BER. In particular, the BER at the target is 2X 10 -3 The noise variance of the receiver is-110 dBm and the associated spectral efficiency is plotted. It can be found that in the interval of dimming level between 20% and 80%, the performance of the proposed scheme is significantly better than AHO-OFDM and systems combining HACO and NHACO.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
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Claims (6)
1. An optimized dimming control visible light communication system based on a distortion strategy, comprising a transmitter, characterized in that: the transmitter is provided with an enhanced convex optimization dimming control frame, and the enhanced convex optimization dimming control frame comprises an optical-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O-OFDM) subsystem, a Tone Reservation (TR) subsystem, a signal distortion constraint module and an out-of-band distortion optimization module; the O-OFDM subsystem is used for generating an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol; the TR subsystem is used for inserting the corresponding optimized subcarrier signals into corresponding positions of subcarriers reserved in the OFDM symbols; the signal distortion constraint module carries out signal distortion constraint on other OFDM symbols carrying information, and the out-of-band distortion optimization module carries out optimization and converts the OFDM symbols into electrical O-OFDM signals; finally, the transmitter converts the electrical O-OFDM signals into optical signals to be transmitted in the corresponding VLC channels;
the system comprises a receiver and a control module, wherein the receiver is provided with a distortion signal solving module for solving effective signal distortion and out-of-band distortion; the receiver obtains a series of subcarriers after optical-electrical conversion, the subcarriers are transmitted to the distortion signal solving module, and the distortion signal solving module calculates the real amplification factor of the useful signal, so that the corresponding signal is demodulated;
wherein, executing a carrier modulation process on the transmitter specifically comprises:
defining the frequency domain FD signal subcarrier index needing to be transmitted in each OFDM symbol as a set I in an O-OFDM subsystem s ={P s ,s=1,2,...,N s And P is s ≤N s /2-1,N s Represents the total number of sub-carriers of useful information sent by one OFDM symbol; wherein, the value frequency domain FD signal X of the original signal to be transmitted s Expressed as:
by means of I l And I h Representing the range of photocurrent passed in the transmitter, where the dimming level η is expressed as:
wherein, the dimming level eta is set according to actual conditions, thereby obtaining a corresponding photocurrent average value I av (ii) a Thus, the parameter I needed in the OFDM symbol is obtained s 、X s 、I av 、I l And I h ;
In tone reservation, TR, subsystem, the index of the TR sub-carriers is defined as set I i ={P i ,s=1,2,...,N i },P i ≤N i /2-1,N i Represents the total number of TR subcarriers carried by one OFDM symbol; thus, the TR subcarrier is inserted into the OFDM symbol, and there are:
I s ∪I i ={1,2,...,N/2-1}
wherein N is i +N s (N/2) -1, furthermore, X i Denotes a TR subcarrier variation used in frequency domain FD; in the signal distortion constraint module, the variable xi is used 1 QuantizationDegree of signal distortion, using variable xi 2 The energy of the TR subcarrier signal is quantized, so in the time-frequency transform of the signal, the corresponding fourier transform matrix is:
wherein, W N =e -j2π/N Thus, the frequency domain FD signal X corresponding to the transmitted signal is:
X=W D s
wherein the parameter s represents the valid signal,n is the total number of inverse fast Fourier transforms, R + Representing positive real numbers, represented by the parameter I s 、X s 、I av 、I l And I h Determining; then, carrying out signal distortion constraint on the obtained signal X, optimizing the signal after the signal distortion constraint by an out-of-band distortion optimization module, converting the signal into an electrical O-OFDM signal, and finally transmitting the electrical O-OFDM signal by a transmitter;
wherein, the signal distortion constraint expression is specifically as follows:
defining decimation matricesAndwhich extracts the true signal portion and the TR signal portion of the signal X, respectively; defining p as the amplification factor of the useful signal, d as the minimum value of the values of the decision distances from all the really transmitted signal points to the corresponding constellation diagram, maximizing the minimum value to obtain the best communication performance, and the corresponding overall optimization expression is as follows:
s.t.X=W D s
maxs≤I h
mins≥I l
0≤d≤d i,j ,i∈I s ,x j ∈Y i
setting the constellation diagram set in the process as A, and normalizing the energy of all constellation points in A to 1; let parameter x i Taken from the sets A, x i Is Y i In which there is x j ∈Y i (ii) a When the constellation diagram is amplified by p times, the corresponding point is set as px i The point transmitted by the transmitter is x * Then its neighbor point x j ,x j ∈K i The distance of the formed decision curve is specifically expressed as:
i.e., the transformation is expressed as:
the specific process of optimizing the signal after the signal distortion constraint by the out-of-band distortion optimization module is as follows:
let the signal transmitted by the transmitter beWhere L is the over-sampling rate, assuming that the receiver is expected to receive a down-sampled signal ofWhereinFor obtaining a receiver down-sampled signal, defining an oversampled fourier transform matrix:
wherein, W NL =e -j2π/NL Then, define the variable xi 3 Quantizing the degree of out-of-band distortion, then optimizing the signal distortion constraint to:
s.t.X L =W L s L
X=W D Ds L
maxs L ≤I h
mins L ≥I l
wherein E is L3 Represents extracting X L Of the wideband external signal.
2. A distortion strategy-based optimized dimming control visible light communication method is characterized by comprising the following steps: a carrier modulation process comprising a transmitter, comprising:
the optical-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing O-OFDM subsystem generates an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol;
the tone reservation TR subsystem inserts TR subcarriers into OFDM symbols;
the signal distortion constraint module carries out signal distortion constraint on other OFDM symbols carrying information;
the out-of-band distortion optimization module optimizes the signal after the signal distortion constraint and converts the signal into an electrical O-OFDM signal;
finally, converting the electrical O-OFDM signals into optical signals on a transmitter, and transmitting the optical signals to a corresponding VLC channel for transmission;
the carrier modulation process of the transmitter specifically includes:
defining the frequency domain FD signal subcarrier index needing to be transmitted in each OFDM symbol as a set I in an O-OFDM subsystem s ={P s ,s=1,2,...,N s And P is s ≤N s /2-1,N s Represents the total number of sub-carriers of useful information sent by one OFDM symbol; wherein the FD signal X of the original signal to be transmitted is the numerical frequency domain s Expressed as:
X s =[X s [0],X s [1],...,X s [N s -1]] T ∈C Ns×1
by means of I l And I h Represents the range of photocurrent passed through the transmitter, where the dimming level η is expressed as:
wherein, the dimming level eta is set by the actual situation, so as to obtain the corresponding photocurrent average value I av (ii) a Thus, the parameter I needed in the OFDM symbol is obtained s 、X s 、I av 、I l And I h ;
In tone reservation, TR, subsystem, the index of the TR sub-carriers is defined as set I i ={P i ,s=1,2,...,N i },P i ≤N i /2-1,N i Represents the total number of TR subcarriers carried by one OFDM symbol; thus, inserting TR subcarriers into an OFDM symbol includes:
I s ∪I i ={1,2,...,N/2-1}
wherein N is i +N s (N/2) -1, and in addition, X is used i Denotes a TR subcarrier variation used in frequency domain FD; in the signal distortion constraint module, the variable xi is used 1 Quantifying the degree of signal distortion using the variable ξ 2 The energy of the TR subcarrier signal is quantized, so in the time-frequency transform of the signal, the corresponding fourier transform matrix is:
wherein, W N =e -j2π/N Thus, the frequency domain FD signal X corresponding to the transmitted signal is:
X=W D s
wherein the parameter s represents the valid signal,n is the total number of inverse fast Fourier transforms, R + Representing positive real numbers, which are represented by the parameter I s 、X s 、I av 、I l And I h Determining; then, carrying out signal distortion constraint on the obtained signal X, optimizing the signal after the signal distortion constraint by an out-of-band distortion optimization module, converting the signal into an electrical O-OFDM signal, and finally transmitting the electrical O-OFDM signal by a transmitter;
the signal distortion constraint expression specifically includes:
defining decimation matricesAndwhich extracts the true signal portion and the TR signal portion of the signal X, respectively; defining p as the amplification factor of the useful signal, d as the minimum value of the values of the decision distances from all the really transmitted signal points to the corresponding constellation diagram, and maximizing the minimum value to obtain the best communication performance, wherein the expression of the corresponding total optimization is as follows:
s.t.X=W D s
maxs≤I h
mins≥I l
0≤d≤d i,j ,i∈I s ,x j ∈Y i
setting the constellation diagram set in the process as A, and normalizing the energy of all constellation points in A to 1; let parameter x i Taken from the set A, x i Is Y i In which there is x j ∈Y i (ii) a When the constellation diagram is amplified by p times, the corresponding point is set as px i The point transmitted by the transmitter is x * Then its neighbor point x j ,x j ∈K i The distance of the formed decision curve is specifically expressed as:
i.e. the transformation is expressed as:
the specific process of optimizing the signal after the signal distortion constraint by the out-of-band distortion optimization module is as follows:
let the signal transmitted by the transmitter beWhere L is the over-sampling rate, assuming that the receiver is expected to receive a down-sampled signal ofWhereinFor obtaining a receiver down-sampled signal, an oversampled fourier transform matrix is defined:
wherein, W NL =e -j2π/NL Then, define the variable xi 3 Quantizing the degree of out-of-band distortion, then optimizing the signal distortion constraint to:
s.t.X L =W L s L
X=W D Ds L
maxs L ≤I h
mins L ≥I l
wherein E is L3 Representation extraction X L Of the broadband external signal.
3. The optimized dimming control visible light communication method based on the distortion strategy as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the method comprises a carrier distortion signal solving process of a receiver, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the receiver obtains a series of subcarriers after optical-electrical conversion, the subcarriers are transmitted to the distortion signal solving module, the distortion signal solving module demodulates the carrier signals to obtain the real amplification factor of the useful signals, and finally the corresponding signals are demodulated.
4. The optimized dimming control visible light communication method based on the distortion strategy as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the receiver specifically performs cyclic prefix removal processing, serial-parallel conversion processing and fast Fourier transform processing on an optical signal received from an optical channel through optical-electrical conversion to obtain a series of subcarriers; wherein:
the frequency FD signal received by the k-th subcarrier is represented as:
Y[k]=H[k]X[k]+N[k]
wherein X [ k ] denotes the kth signal of the frequency domain FD signal X; n [ k ] is complex additive white Gaussian noise with zero mean, representing the noise vector of the kth signal corresponding to X [ k ]; h [ k ] is a channel transfer function CTF with respect to a channel impulse response CIR, and represents a channel of a k-th signal corresponding to X [ k ].
5. The optimized dimming control visible light communication method based on the distortion strategy as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in the distortion signal solving module, the signal amplification factor needs to be calculatedUseful signal of original signal to be transmittedAnd signals used for transmitting TR sub-carriersDefinition ofCTF of the useful signal sub-carrier isCTF corresponding to TR subcarrier isDefinition ofWherein, with respect to the variablesIs a dual variable of the inequality constraint ofAbout signal amplification factorIs a dual variable of the inequality constraint ofIn the blind estimation process, according to the variablesVariables ofVariables ofUpdating the sequence of (a); wherein:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,denotes the Hadamard product, F s Each element of (1) is H s The reciprocal of each element in (1); y represents a vector Y [ k ]](ii) a If obtainedTo an optimal solutionUsing maximum likelihood decision to obtainIs judged byWhileThe points of the corresponding constellation diagram are obtained through maximum likelihood estimation, and the judgment expression is as follows:
if it concerns the variableIs the optimal solution of dual variables of the inequality constraint ofWhen the value is equal to 0, the value,comprises the following steps:
wherein the parametersRepresenting a diagonal matrix as an integral variable; if it is related to a variableIs the optimal solution of dual variables of the inequality constraint ofWhen not equal to 0, solving the functionOf (2), whereinIs composed of
The corresponding derivatives are:
thus, the function is scaled by Newton's methodIs solved, and the obtained zero point is obtainedSubstituting the numerical value into the following formula to obtainComprises the following steps:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,is a number N i ×N i The identity matrix of (1); after the update is finishedThen, if regarding the variablesIs the optimal solution of dual variables of the inequality constraint ofWhen the value is equal to 0, the value,comprises the following steps:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,the representation is taken as the real part of x,representing the imaginary part of x; defining parameters Andthe parameters r and i are spliced into a large vector v ri And r is s And i s Spliced into another large vectorThen, the l1 norm optimal solution algorithm is adopted to solve:
first, for v ri Is subjected to sequencing to obtainAnd its corresponding data v about the original data ri Is ordered as W ri Using v just obtained ri Index ordering W of ri To pairIs reordered to obtainNext, according to the formula (1), there are:
taking N from 2 to 2N s And step size is 1, calculate:
judgment ofIf the result is true, continuing to update n if the result is false, and if true, performing:
if the above-mentioned variables relate toIs the optimal solution of dual variables of the inequality constraint ofWhen the value is not equal to 0, the value,comprises the following steps:
6. The optimized dimming control visible light communication method based on the distortion strategy as claimed in claim 5, wherein: after the solving process of the distortion signal, the numerical value of the objective function is processed by adopting a clustering algorithm, so that the influence of a series of local minimum values obtained by the result is avoidedLast pair of variablesThe accurate judgment of (1) specifically:
pre-aggregating vector c of stored cost function and storing optimal valueVector c of p Obtaining a triplet (a) i ,l i ,f i ) I is 1, …, Label, wherein a i Is a vector of class i, consisting of vector c p Composition of the neighboring elements of (1) i Is a i Mean, f, of the corresponding elements located in the vector c i Is a vector a i Is the total number of categories; the operation effectively avoids influence on the last pair caused by a series of local minimum values found by a heuristic algorithmAnd (4) accurate judgment.
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