CN110838616A - Integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna - Google Patents
Integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN110838616A CN110838616A CN201911073439.6A CN201911073439A CN110838616A CN 110838616 A CN110838616 A CN 110838616A CN 201911073439 A CN201911073439 A CN 201911073439A CN 110838616 A CN110838616 A CN 110838616A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0485—Dielectric resonator antennas
- H01Q9/0492—Dielectric resonator antennas circularly polarised
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Abstract
The invention discloses an integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna, which comprises an upper dielectric plate, a lower dielectric plate and a spacing dielectric plate; the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate is printed with a first copper coating layer, a gap is arranged on the first copper coating layer, the lower surface of the upper dielectric plate is printed with a feed microstrip line, a quarter-wavelength impedance transformer and a three-quarter-wavelength impedance match line which are sequentially connected, the impedance match line is bent into a ring from outside to inside, four antenna arms which are perpendicular to each other and spaced by a quarter-wavelength are arranged on the impedance match line, and an impedance matching patch which is arranged opposite to the impedance transformer and has the same size and an annular patch which is arranged opposite to the impedance match line and has the same size are arranged in the gap; the lower surface of the lower-layer dielectric plate is printed with a second copper clad layer, the upper surface of the lower-layer dielectric plate is printed with periodically arranged circular metal patches, and each circular metal patch is provided with a metal via hole. The invention can simplify the antenna structure, improve the antenna gain and bandwidth and improve the axial ratio bandwidth performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna.
Background
Due to good compatibility and anti-interference capability, the circularly polarized antenna is widely applied to navigation satellites, radars, mobile communication and other different scenes. Currently, circularly polarized antennas in millimeter wave band are roughly classified into microstrip circularly polarized antennas, metal Rectangular Waveguide (RW) circularly polarized antennas, and Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) circularly polarized antennas. At present, the conventional millimeter-wave band circularly polarized antenna has some problems, such as: the structure of pure metal is difficult to manufacture in millimeter wave band, and the electromagnetic shielding performance of the Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) is not strong and the structure is complex.
In recent years, an Integrated Substrate Gap Waveguide (ISGW) antenna has been proposed, which is implemented based on a multi-layer PCB board, and is divided into two structures of an ISGW with ridges and a microstrip ISGW. The ridged ISGW is generally composed of two layers of PCBs, the outer side surface of the upper layer of PCB is fully coated with copper to form an ideal electric conductor (PEC), the lower layer of PCB is printed with a microstrip line, the microstrip line is provided with a series of metalized via holes and is connected with a metal ground below to form a ridged structure, and periodic mushroom structures are arranged on two sides of the microstrip line to form an ideal magnetic conductor (PMC). Due to the EBG formed between the PEC and the PMC, electromagnetic waves (quasi-TEM waves) can only propagate along microstrip lines. However, the microstrip line and the mushroom structure in the ridged ISGW are on the same PCB, so the microstrip line is restricted by the mushroom structure and is inconvenient to route, and there is a limitation in practical application.
The ISGW is composed of three layers of PCB boards. The outer side of the upper layer PCB is fully covered with copper to form a PEC, the inner side of the upper layer PCB is printed with a microstrip line, the bottom layer PCB is completely printed with a mushroom-shaped periodic structure to form a PMC, and a middle dielectric plate is inserted between the upper layer and the bottom layer to separate the upper layer and the bottom layer. Due to the partition of the intermediate layer, the microstrip line layout is flexible, and the limitation of the mushroom-shaped periodic structure is avoided. When such an ISGW is operated, quasi-TEM waves will propagate along the microstrip line within the dielectric substrate between the microstrip line and the PEC, in a mode very similar to that of a dielectric buried microstrip line. Similarly, EBGs are generated between the PEC and the PMC to block the propagation of waves in other directions to guarantee the propagation of quasi-TEM waves along the microstrip lines.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing an integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna, which can simplify the antenna structure, improve the antenna gain and bandwidth and improve the axial ratio bandwidth performance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts a technical scheme that: providing an integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna, which comprises an upper dielectric plate (1), a lower dielectric plate (3) and a spacing dielectric plate (2) arranged between the upper dielectric plate (1) and the lower dielectric plate (3); a first copper clad layer (11) is printed on the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate (1), a gap (12) is arranged on the first copper clad layer (11), the lower surface of the upper dielectric plate (1) is printed with a feed microstrip line (13), a quarter-wavelength impedance transformer (14) and a three-quarter-wavelength impedance matching line (15) which are connected in sequence, the impedance matching line (15) is bent into a ring shape from outside to inside, four antenna arms (16) which are perpendicular to each other and are spaced by a quarter wavelength are arranged on the impedance matching line (15), the impedance transformer (14), the impedance matching line (15) and the antenna arm (16) are located in the projection range of the slot (12), an impedance matching patch (17) which is arranged opposite to the impedance converter (14) and has the same size and an annular patch (18) which is arranged opposite to the impedance matching line (15) and has the same size are arranged in the gap (12); the lower surface of the lower-layer dielectric plate (3) is printed with a second copper clad layer (31), the upper surface of the lower-layer dielectric plate (3) is printed with periodically arranged circular metal patches (32), each circular metal patch (32) is provided with a metal through hole (33), and each metal through hole (33) penetrates through the lower-layer dielectric plate (3) and is connected with the second copper clad layer (31).
Preferably, the antenna arm (16) includes a short arm (161) connected to the impedance matching line (15) and a long arm (162) perpendicularly connected to the short arm (161).
Preferably, the lengths of the four antenna arms (16) increase in sequence.
Preferably, the length of one antenna arm (16) is taken as a reference length, and the lengths of the other three antenna arms (16) are respectively taken as the reference length multiplied by a preset length factor, the reference length multiplied by the square of the preset length factor and the reference length multiplied by the cube of the preset length factor.
Preferably, the circular metal patches (32) are arranged only outside the projection range of the slits (12) on the upper surface of the lower-layer dielectric plate (3).
Preferably, the upper dielectric plate (1) and the lower dielectric plate (3) are both made of Rogers5880 plates, and the impedance matching patch (17) and the annular patch (18) are made of conductive materials.
Preferably, the thicknesses of the upper dielectric plate (1), the spacing dielectric plate (2) and the lower dielectric plate (3) are respectively 0.508mm, 0.254mm and 0.787mm, and the overall dimension of the integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna is 30mm × 16mm × 1.549 mm.
Preferably, the center frequency of the antenna is shifted by changing the radius of curvature of the impedance matching line.
Preferably, the length ratio of the short arm (161) to the long arm (162) of the antenna arm (16) is changed to adjust the antenna axial ratio; and adjusting the axial ratio bandwidth performance of the antenna by changing the preset length factor.
Preferably, the upper dielectric plate (1), the spacing dielectric plate (2) and the lower dielectric plate (3) are bonded together or fixed together through screws.
Different from the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the three-layer dielectric plate, wherein the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate is printed with a copper coating layer and a gap, the lower surface is printed with a feed microstrip line, an impedance converter and an impedance match line, the impedance match line is bent into a ring from outside to inside, and is provided with four antenna arms which are perpendicular to each other and spaced by a quarter wavelength, an impedance matching patch which is just opposite to the impedance converter and has the same size and an annular patch which is just opposite to the impedance match line and has the same size are arranged in the gap, the four antenna arms generate circularly polarized waves, and the gap radiates the circularly polarized waves to form the ISGW circularly polarized antenna, so that the antenna structure can be simplified, the antenna gain and the bandwidth can be improved, the axial ratio bandwidth performance can be improved, and the three-layer dielectric plate has the advantages.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic bottom view of an upper dielectric plate of the integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of the lower dielectric plate of the integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic bottom view of the lower dielectric plate of the integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circular polarized antenna shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing simulation results of S-parameters of the integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna shown in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circular polarization antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention includes an upper dielectric plate 1, a lower dielectric plate 3, and a spacer dielectric plate 2 disposed between the upper dielectric plate 1 and the lower dielectric plate 3.
The upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric plate 1 is printed with a first copper-clad layer 11, a gap 12 is arranged on the first copper-clad layer 11, the lower surface of the upper-layer dielectric plate 1 is printed with a feed microstrip line 13, a quarter-wavelength impedance converter 14 and a three-quarter-wavelength impedance matching line 15 which are sequentially connected, the impedance matching line 15 is bent into a ring shape from outside to inside, four mutually perpendicular antenna arms 16 which are spaced by a quarter-wavelength are arranged on the impedance matching line 15, the impedance converter 14, the impedance matching line 15 and the antenna arms 16 are located in the projection range of the gap 12, and an impedance matching patch 17 which is opposite to the impedance converter 14 and has the same size and an annular patch 18 which is opposite to the impedance matching line 15 and has the same size are arranged in the. The impedance match line 15 and the loop patch 18 curvature may approximate or equal a circular loop. The shape of the slot 12 may be rectangular or other shape.
The lower surface of the lower dielectric plate 3 is printed with a second copper clad layer 31, the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate 3 is printed with periodically arranged circular metal patches 32, each circular metal patch 32 is provided with a metal via hole 33, and each metal via hole 33 penetrates through the lower dielectric plate 3 and is connected with the second copper clad layer 31. The metal vias 33 may be circular, square, etc. Each circular metal patch 32 and the metal via 33 thereon form a mushroom-type EBG structure, so that the mushroom-type EBG structure is formed on the lower dielectric plate 3 in a periodic arrangement.
The spacing dielectric plate 2 is used for separating the upper dielectric plate 1 and the lower dielectric plate 3, so that a gap is formed between the upper dielectric plate 1 and the lower dielectric plate 3. The upper dielectric plate 1, the lower dielectric plate 3 and the spacer dielectric plate 2 may be bonded together or fixed together by screws.
The first copper clad layer 11 on the upper dielectric plate 1 is equivalent to an ideal electrical conductor (PEC), the lower dielectric plate 3 is equivalent to an ideal magnetic conductor (PMC), and the upper dielectric plate 1, the spacer dielectric plate 2, the lower dielectric plate 3, the first copper clad layer 11, the feed microstrip line 13, the periodically arranged mushroom-shaped EBG structure, and the second copper clad layer 31 together form an Integrated Substrate Gap Waveguide (ISGW) structure. One end of the feed microstrip line 13, which is located at the edge of the ISGW structure, is set as a feed port a, and the other end of the feed microstrip line 13 feeds the four antenna arms 16 through the impedance transformer 14 and the impedance match line 15 to generate circularly polarized waves, and the generated circularly polarized waves are radiated from the slot 12. And the annular patch 18 in the slot 12 can counteract the electromagnetic field generated by the feed microstrip line 13 in a far area, thereby improving the axial ratio bandwidth and the gain of the antenna. In addition, the current of the annular patch 18 and the current of the impedance matching line 15 are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, so that an electromagnetic field generated by the impedance matching line 15 in a far region can be counteracted, and the axial ratio bandwidth and the gain of the antenna are further improved.
In the present embodiment, the antenna arm 16 includes a short arm 161 connected to the impedance matching line 15 and a long arm 162 connected perpendicularly to the short arm 161. The lengths of the four antenna arms 16 are sequentially increased, for example, the length of one antenna arm 16 is taken as a reference length, and the lengths of the other three antenna arms 16 are respectively taken as the reference length multiplied by a preset length factor, the reference length multiplied by the square of the preset length factor, and the reference length multiplied by the cube of the preset length factor. The curvature radius of the impedance matching line 15 affects the amplitude of the orthogonal electric field, and the center frequency of the antenna is shifted by changing the curvature radius of the impedance matching line 15, so that, for example, the impedance bandwidth and the axial ratio bandwidth can be narrowed, and the inventor verifies that when the impedance matching line 15 is in a circular ring shape and the radius is equal to 0.875mm, the return loss of the antenna is optimal. By changing the preset length factor, the current distribution and the axial ratio bandwidth on the four antenna arms 16 can be changed to adjust the axial ratio bandwidth performance of the antenna, for example, the impedance bandwidth can be kept unchanged, and the axial ratio bandwidth is narrowed, and the inventor verifies that the axial ratio bandwidth is optimal when the preset length factor is 0.96. The ratio of the lengths of the short arm 161 and the long arm 162 of the antenna arm 16 is changed to adjust the antenna axial ratio, and the inventors of the present application have verified that the antenna axial ratio is the best and the circular polarization performance is the best when the ratio of the lengths of the short arm 161 and the long arm 162 is 0.65.
In the present embodiment, the circular metal patches 32 are arranged only outside the projection range of the slits 12 on the upper surface of the lower dielectric sheet 3. That is, the area of the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate 3 facing the gap 12 is a blank area, and the circular metal patch 32 is not disposed.
To describe the integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circular polarized antenna of the present embodiment in detail, a specific example is given below. In this embodiment, the upper dielectric sheet 1 and the lower dielectric sheet 3 are both made of Rogers5880 plate material. The thicknesses of the upper dielectric plate 1, the spacing dielectric plate 2 and the lower dielectric plate 3 are respectively 0.508mm, 0.254mm and 0.787mm, the overall dimension of the integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna is 30mm × 16mm × 1.549mm, and the impedance matching patch 17 and the annular patch 18 are made of conductive materials, such as copper materials. Through simulation and testing, as can be seen from the simulation result of the S11 parameter of fig. 5, the-10 dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is from 30.5-37.9GHz (about 21.8%); the axial ratio bandwidth (AR less than 3dB) frequency range of the antenna is 32.7-35.5GHz (about 8.2%); the gain of the antenna is 6.6dBi at 34 GHz. Tests show that the integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna of the embodiment is superior to the traditional circularly polarized antenna in bandwidth and gain. Where S11 denotes return loss.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna is characterized by comprising an upper dielectric plate (1), a lower dielectric plate (3) and a spacing dielectric plate (2) arranged between the upper dielectric plate (1) and the lower dielectric plate (3);
a first copper clad layer (11) is printed on the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate (1), a gap (12) is arranged on the first copper clad layer (11), the lower surface of the upper dielectric plate (1) is printed with a feed microstrip line (13), a quarter-wavelength impedance transformer (14) and a three-quarter-wavelength impedance matching line (15) which are connected in sequence, the impedance matching line (15) is bent into a ring shape from outside to inside, four antenna arms (16) which are perpendicular to each other and are spaced by a quarter wavelength are arranged on the impedance matching line (15), the impedance transformer (14), the impedance matching line (15) and the antenna arm (16) are located in the projection range of the slot (12), an impedance matching patch (17) which is arranged opposite to the impedance converter (14) and has the same size and an annular patch (18) which is arranged opposite to the impedance matching line (15) and has the same size are arranged in the gap (12);
the lower surface of the lower-layer dielectric plate (3) is printed with a second copper clad layer (31), the upper surface of the lower-layer dielectric plate (3) is printed with periodically arranged circular metal patches (32), each circular metal patch (32) is provided with a metal through hole (33), and each metal through hole (33) penetrates through the lower-layer dielectric plate (3) and is connected with the second copper clad layer (31).
2. The integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein the antenna arm (16) comprises a short arm (161) connected to the impedance match line (15) and a long arm (162) connected perpendicularly to the short arm (161).
3. The integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna according to claim 2, wherein the lengths of the four antenna arms (16) increase sequentially.
4. The integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna according to claim 3, wherein the length of one antenna arm (16) is taken as a reference length, and the lengths of the other three antenna arms (16) are respectively taken as the reference length multiplied by a preset length factor, the reference length multiplied by the square of the preset length factor, and the reference length multiplied by the cube of the preset length factor.
5. The integrated substrate gap waveguide quadrifilar circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein the circular metal patches (32) are arranged only outside the projection range of the slots (12) on the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate (3).
6. The integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein the upper dielectric plate (1) and the lower dielectric plate (3) are made of Rogers5880 plates, and the impedance matching patch (17) and the annular patch (18) are made of conductive materials.
7. The integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna according to claim 6, wherein the thicknesses of the upper dielectric plate (1), the spacing dielectric plate (2) and the lower dielectric plate (3) are 0.508mm, 0.254mm and 0.787mm, respectively, and the overall dimension of the integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna is 30mm x 16mm x 1.549 mm.
8. The integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein the center frequency of the antenna is shifted by changing the radius of curvature of the impedance matching line.
9. The integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna according to claim 4, wherein the antenna axial ratio is adjusted by changing the length ratio of the short arm (161) to the long arm (162) of the antenna arm (16); and adjusting the axial ratio bandwidth performance of the antenna by changing the preset length factor.
10. The integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein the upper dielectric plate (1), the spacing dielectric plate (2) and the lower dielectric plate (3) are bonded together or fixed together by screws.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911073439.6A CN110838616A (en) | 2019-11-06 | 2019-11-06 | Integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911073439.6A CN110838616A (en) | 2019-11-06 | 2019-11-06 | Integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110838616A true CN110838616A (en) | 2020-02-25 |
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| CN201911073439.6A Pending CN110838616A (en) | 2019-11-06 | 2019-11-06 | Integrated substrate gap waveguide four-arm circularly polarized antenna |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113964535A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-01-21 | 云南大学 | Circular polarization filter antenna based on integrated substrate gap waveguide |
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2019
- 2019-11-06 CN CN201911073439.6A patent/CN110838616A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113964535A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-01-21 | 云南大学 | Circular polarization filter antenna based on integrated substrate gap waveguide |
| CN113964535B (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2023-12-05 | 云南大学 | Circularly polarized filter antenna based on integrated substrate gap waveguide |
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