CN110836697B - Method for detecting water flow in closed pipeline - Google Patents
Method for detecting water flow in closed pipeline Download PDFInfo
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- CN110836697B CN110836697B CN201810931778.2A CN201810931778A CN110836697B CN 110836697 B CN110836697 B CN 110836697B CN 201810931778 A CN201810931778 A CN 201810931778A CN 110836697 B CN110836697 B CN 110836697B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
- G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
- F24H9/2035—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using fluid fuel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
- G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
- G01F1/40—Details of construction of the flow constriction devices
- G01F1/44—Venturi tubes
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for detecting water flow in a closed pipeline, wherein a Venturi tube is arranged in a water flow pipeline, a water pressure detection point A is selected at the throat of the Venturi tube or in the vicinity of the throat of the Venturi tube, and a water pressure reference point B is selected at the position far away from the Venturi tube; calculating the water flow Q in the water flow pipeline after a water pump in the water flow pipeline is started and the water pressure is stable according to the Bernoulli principle;
obtaining a first hydrostatic pressure P when the water flow in the water flow pipeline at the water pressure detection point A is in a static statea0And the dynamic water pressure value P after the water pump in the water flow pipeline is started and the water pressure is stablea1And calculating the water flow Q in the water flow pipeline after the water pump in the water flow pipeline is started and the water pressure is stable according to a formula. The method for detecting the water flow in the closed pipeline can realize the calculation of the water flow in the water flow pipeline only by detecting the water pressure value at one position, and has the advantages of few components and low cost. The control of combustion load in the water flow pipeline can be further realized, and the constant temperature control of the outlet water is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waterway safety detection, in particular to a method for detecting water flow in a closed pipeline.
Background
A closed heating water channel is arranged in the gas heating water heater or the gas heating furnace, a closed plate exchange heating water channel is arranged in the plate exchange type gas heating water heater, and a circulating water pump is arranged in the water channel and used for pushing water flow to flow. In order to ensure the safety of the closed waterway, the water pressure of the pipeline needs to be kept within a certain range, and when the water pressure is lower than a safety lower limit value, the problem that the temperature of water in the waterway is too high or even dry burning may occur. If water in the water channel begins to be heated under the condition that the water channel cannot normally flow, the water temperature in the water channel suddenly rises instantly, normal work of various devices in the water channel is influenced, the constancy of the water outlet temperature is also influenced, and further the user experience is influenced. And the normal work of the components in the pipeline can be influenced when the water pressure is higher than the safe upper limit value, if the normal work of a water pressure sensor in a water channel is directly influenced, accurate water pressure information cannot be acquired.
In the prior art, methods such as a water pressure flap switch, a differential pressure sensor, water temperature abnormal logic judgment and the like are generally adopted to detect whether a waterway is in a flowing state. The hydraulic pressure copying switch is easy to have a mechanical locking fault, the cost of the differential pressure sensor is high, the water temperature abnormal logic judgment belongs to post judgment, and if abnormal combustion occurs when the water flow in the water channel is judged not to flow, certain adverse effects are caused by the delay of the judgment result. Therefore, the reliable monitoring of the water flow directly influences the control of the water pressure condition in the pipeline and the control of the outlet water temperature.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for detecting water flow in a closed pipeline, which can realize the detection of water flow in the closed pipeline only by a single water pressure detection point.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for detecting water flow in a closed pipeline is characterized by comprising the following steps: arranging a Venturi tube in a water flow pipeline, selecting a throat part of the Venturi tube or the vicinity of the throat of the Venturi tube as a water pressure detection point A, and selecting a position far away from the Venturi tube as a water pressure reference point B;
calculating the water flow Q in the water flow pipeline after a water pump in the water flow pipeline is started and the water pressure is stable according to the Bernoulli principle;
k is a structural parameter;
wherein D isaIndicating the diameter of the inner bore of the venturi tube at the water pressure detection point A, DbThe diameter of an inner hole of the water flow pipeline at the water pressure reference point B is represented; pb1The water pressure value at the water pressure reference point B is shown after the water pump in the water flow pipeline is started and the water pressure is stable; pa1The dynamic water pressure value at the water pressure detection point A is shown after a water pump in the water flow pipeline is started and the water pressure is stable; pa1＜Pb1；
When the water flow in the water flow pipeline is in a static state, the first hydrostatic pressure at the water pressure detection point A is Pa0The second hydrostatic pressure at the hydraulic pressure reference point B is Pb0In which P isa0＝Pb0；
Pb1＝(1+α)Pb0＝(1+α)Pa0Formula (3);
wherein alpha represents Pb1And Pb0Relative error therebetween;
then
Obtaining a first hydrostatic pressure P when the water flow in the water flow pipeline at the water pressure detection point A is in a static statea0And the dynamic water pressure value P after the water pump in the water flow pipeline is started and the water pressure is stablea1And then calculating the water flow Q in the water flow pipeline after the water pump in the water flow pipeline is started and the water pressure is stable according to the formula (4).
For convenience of early setting, the method for determining the diameter of the inner hole at the throat of the Venturi tube or in the vicinity of the throat of the Venturi tube comprises the following steps:
calculating Pa1And Pa0Relative difference β (Q);
Pa1＝(1-β(Q))Pa0formula (5);
then
From equations (4) and (5) we can derive:
then
To ensure
Wherein beta isminIs in the range of normal water flow Qa1And Pa0The minimum value of the relative difference of (a);
then
Calculating the required D according to the formula (2) and the formula (9)a。
In order to design according to the error requirement, after the water pump in the water flow pipeline is started and the water pressure is stable, the method for determining the calculation error of the water flow Q in the water flow pipeline comprises the following steps:
from equation (7) we can obtain:
according to the formula (10), after the water pump in the water flow pipeline is turned on and the water pressure is stable, the calculation error of the water flow Q in the water flow pipeline is as follows
Because beta (Q) is not less than betaminThen, then
According to betaminThe calculation error range of the water flow Q in the water flow pipeline is determined after the water pump in the water flow pipeline is started and the water pressure is stable.
Preferably, | α | < 2%.
In order to effectively find out the water pressure fault condition in the working process, detecting a water pressure value P at a water pressure detection point A under the condition of no demand of a boiled water pump;
the water pressure value P and the safe static water pressure range [ P ] are compared0l,P0h]Low safe static water pressure threshold P of medium0lAnd a high safety static water pressure threshold value P0hMaking a comparison in which P0l＜P0h；
If P < P0lOr P > P0hJudging that a water pressure fault occurs;
after the water pump is started and the water pressure is stabilized, the dynamic water pressure value P at the water pressure detection point A is detecteda1And safe dynamic Water pressure Range [ P1l,P1h]Low safe dynamic water pressure threshold P of medium1lAnd a high safety fluctuating water pressure threshold value P1hMaking a comparison in which P1l＜P1h；
If P isa1＜P1lOr Pa1＞P1hJudging that a water pressure fault occurs;
in order to effectively find the state of the water pump in the working process, when P is used1l≤Pa1≤P1hThen, the calculated water flow Q is compared with a flow threshold Q corresponding to the stop of the water flowstopMaking a comparison if Q < QstopJudging that the water pump has a fault;
if Q is equal to or greater than QstopThen the calculated water flow Q is compared to a water flow underlow threshold QlowMaking a comparison if Q < QlowAnd further judging whether the water pump is at the maximum rotating speed, if so, judging that the water pump lift is low, and if not, increasing the rotating speed of the water pump.
In order to judge the water pump fault conveniently, if P0l≤P≤P0hJudging whether the water pump is in a closed state, if so, judging whether P is available<Pa1And if not, judging that the water pump has a fault, wherein the delta P (Q) represents a threshold value of a water pressure change difference value obtained by calculating the water pump is closed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: according to the method for detecting the water flow in the closed pipeline, the water flow in the water pipeline can be calculated only by detecting the water pressure value at one position, so that few components are realized, and the cost is low. The control of the combustion load in the water flow pipeline can be effectively realized through the calculation of the water flow, and the constant temperature control of the outlet water is further improved.
In addition, the rationality judgment of water pressure faults, water pump faults and water pump lifts can be carried out through single water pressure detection, and the use is more humanized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a closed pipeline provided with a venturi tube in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a method for detecting water flow in a closed pipeline according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the rotation speed of the water pump, the water pressure and the water flow rate in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
The method for detecting the water flow in the closed pipeline in the embodiment can be applied to various closed pipelines to detect the water flow conditions such as the water pressure and the water flow in the closed pipeline, and further can be conveniently used for controlling other functions according to the information. The method for detecting the water flow in the closed pipeline can be suitable for closed heating water channels of gas heating water heaters, gas heating furnaces and the like, is particularly suitable for main heat exchanger pipelines of the devices, can solve the problems of overhigh water temperature, dry burning, overhigh water pressure and the like in the main heat exchanger pipelines, provides guarantee for the application safety of the closed pipeline, and optimizes user experience.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, a venturi tube is first connected to a water flow pipeline, and the venturi tube includes an inlet section, a contraction section, a throat section, and a diffusion section, which are sequentially connected to each other. Because venturi's self structural feature can strengthen the change of rivers velocity of flow in the rivers pipeline, and then arouse the rapid change of water momentum, so can judge whether rivers flow and the flow of rivers through the pressure variation that detects in the rivers pipeline.
A water pressure sensor is installed on the Venturi tube, and then water pressure data in the Venturi tube are obtained through real-time detection. The water pressure sensor transmits the acquired water pressure data to a controller, and the controller can perform works such as water flow calculation, fault judgment, response control and the like according to the received water pressure signal, and can control a circulating water pump, a heating device and the like in a similar alarm and a water flow pipeline to respond. The water pressure detection point is arranged at the throat of the Venturi tube or at a position close to the throat on the contraction section of the Venturi tube. In the embodiment, the water pressure detection point is arranged at the throat of the Venturi tube, so that the detection result is more accurate.
When the circulating water pump in the closed water flow pipeline does not work and the water in the water flow pipeline is in a static state, the water in the Venturi tube is correspondingly in the static state, and at the moment, the water pressure at each position in the water flow pipeline is the same and is recorded as the static water pressure. When circulating water pump opened, the water in the water flow pipeline began to flow, and venturi can strengthen the undulant range of water pressure, then detect the water pressure change in the venturi and can effectually acquire the information that rivers begin to flow.
As shown in fig. 3, after power is applied, the data in the water pressure sensor gradually rises in the time range from t1 to t2 until the data are stabilized at the static water pressure, and then the water pressure in the water flow passage is kept stabilized at P in the time range from t2 to t3 when the water pump in the water flow passage is not turned on1At this time, the water flow rate is maintained at substantially 0. In the time range from t3 to t4, the water pump is turned on, the rotation speed of the water pump is gradually increased, the water flow is gradually increased to Q1, and the water pressure in the water flow channel is slightly reduced. In the time range from t4 to t5, the rotating speed of the water pump is stabilized at r1, and the water pressure in the water flow pipeline gradually drops to P2 and is maintained at P2. In the time range from t5 to t6, the rotation speed of the water pump is increased and stabilized at r2, the water pressure in the water flow pipeline is reduced relative to P2 and stabilized at P3, and the water flow is increased and stabilized at Q2. In the time range from t6 to t7, the water pump is turned off, the speed of the water pump is rapidly reduced, the water pressure in the water flow pipeline is gradually increased and stabilized at P1, and the water flow rate is controlledIt gradually drops and returns to 0. It can be seen that the fluctuating water pressure in the case where the water flow in the closed conduit starts to flow is less than the static water pressure, and the larger the water flow, the larger the deviation of the fluctuating water pressure from the static water pressure. When the water flow in the water flow pipeline is stable, the water pressure in the water flow pipeline is stable again, the water pressure at each position is the same, and the dynamic water pressure during the water flow is smaller than or close to the static water pressure.
As shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, the throat of the venturi is selected as a water pressure detection point A, and a position far away from the venturi is selected as a water pressure reference point B.
When the device works, whether a pump opening requirement exists is judged firstly;
if the pump does not need to be started, detecting and acquiring a water pressure value P at a water pressure detection point A;
the water pressure value P and the safe static water pressure range [ P ] are compared0l,P0h]Low safe static water pressure threshold P of medium0lAnd a high safety static water pressure threshold value P0hMaking a comparison in which P0l＜P0h；
If P < P0lOr P > P0hJudging that a water pressure fault occurs;
if P is0l≤P≤P0hJudging whether the water pump is in a closing state, if so, namely the water pump is closing or the water pump is already closing, and when the water pump is already closing, the water pressure value P is a first static water pressure value Pa0At this time, it is judged whether P is present<Pa1And if not, judging that the water pump has a fault, wherein the delta P (Q) represents a threshold value of a water pressure change difference value obtained by calculating the water flow of the water pump.
If the pump is required to be started, the water pump is started, and the dynamic water pressure value P at the water pressure detection point A is obtained after the water pressure of the started water pump is stabilizeda1And safe dynamic Water pressure Range [ P1l,P1h]Low safe dynamic water pressure threshold P of medium1lAnd a high safety fluctuating water pressure threshold value P1hMaking a comparison in which P1l＜P1h；
If P isa1＜P1lOr Pa1＞P1hThen judge outA hydraulic failure occurs;
when P is present1l≤Pa1≤P1hThen, the calculated water flow Q is compared with a flow threshold Q corresponding to the stop of the water flowstopMaking a comparison if Q < QstopJudging that the water pump has a fault;
if Q is equal to or greater than QstopThen the calculated water flow Q is compared to a water flow underlow threshold QlowMaking a comparison if Q < QlowAnd further judging whether the water pump is at the maximum rotating speed, if so, judging that the water pump lift is low, and if not, increasing the rotating speed of the water pump.
Calculating the water flow Q in the water flow pipeline after a water pump in the water flow pipeline is started and the water pressure is stable according to the Bernoulli principle;
k is a structural parameter;
wherein D isaIndicating the diameter of the inner bore of the venturi tube at the water pressure detection point A, DbThe diameter of an inner hole of the water flow pipeline at the water pressure reference point B is represented; the water flow line is usually determined, i.e. DbTo determine the value, DaThe venturi tube with the corresponding inner bore diameter size needs to be additionally determined according to design requirements when being selected for installation, and in practical application, the D isaAlso for determining the value, so that k is a fixed value. Pb1The water pressure value at the water pressure reference point B is shown after the water pump in the water flow pipeline is started and the water pressure is stable; pa1The dynamic water pressure value at the water pressure detection point A is shown after a water pump in the water flow pipeline is started and the water pressure is stable; pa1＜Pb1。
When the water flow in the water flow pipeline is in a static state, the first hydrostatic pressure at the water pressure detection point A is Pa0The second hydrostatic pressure at the hydraulic pressure reference point B is Pb0In which P isa0＝Pb0；
Pb1＝(1+α)Pb0＝(1+α)Pa0Formula (3);
wherein alpha represents Pb1And Pb0Preferably | α<2％；
Then
Obtaining a first hydrostatic pressure P when the water flow in the water flow pipeline at the water pressure detection point A is in a static statea0And the dynamic water pressure value P after the water pump in the water flow pipeline is started and the water pressure is stablea1And then calculating the water flow Q in the water flow pipeline after the water pump in the water flow pipeline is started and the water pressure is stable according to the formula (4).
The method for determining the diameter of the inner hole at the throat of the Venturi tube comprises the following steps:
calculating Pa1And Pa0Relative difference β (Q);
Pa1＝(1-β(Q))Pa0formula (5);
then
From equations (4) and (5) we can derive:
then
Since Q is usually more than or equal to 1L/min, Pa0Less than or equal to 0.3MPa, so that the k value can be adjusted to ensure
Wherein beta isminIs in the range of normal water flow Qa1And Pa0Of the relative difference of betaminThe required value is a given value for artificial design;
then
Calculating the required D according to the formula (2) and the formula (9)a。
After the water pump is opened and water pressure is stable in the rivers pipeline, can have the error with actual discharge in the calculation process of the discharge Q in the rivers pipeline, for effective control error, avoid appearing the too big condition of error, the definite method of the calculation error of the discharge Q in the rivers pipeline is:
from equation (7) we can obtain:
according to the formula (10), after the water pump in the water flow pipeline is turned on and the water pressure is stable, the calculation error of the water flow Q in the water flow pipeline is as follows
Because beta (Q) is not less than betaminThen, then
According to betaminThe calculation error range of the water flow Q in the water flow pipeline is determined after the water pump in the water flow pipeline is started and the water pressure is stable.
βminThe relationship between the calculated error and the water flow Q in the water flow line is as follows:
therefore, the proper beta can be selected according to the requirement on the calculation error range of the water flow Q in the water flow pipelinemin。
The water flow detection method in the closed pipeline is simple in correspondingly realized structure, high in reliability and high in detection speed, only one position needs to be subjected to water pressure detection, and the functions of water pressure detection and water flow calculation of the conventional pipeline are realized at low cost. The method can be used as the input of water pressure fault judgment, circulating water pump fault judgment, water pump lift rationality judgment, variable speed water pump feedback control, self-adaptive pipe resistance control, heating combustion load control and the like.
Claims (7)
1. A method for detecting water flow in a closed pipeline is characterized by comprising the following steps: arranging a Venturi tube in a water flow pipeline, selecting a throat part of the Venturi tube or the vicinity of the throat of the Venturi tube as a water pressure detection point A, and selecting a position far away from the Venturi tube as a water pressure reference point B;
calculating the water flow Q in the water flow pipeline after a water pump in the water flow pipeline is started and the water pressure is stable according to the Bernoulli principle;
k is a structural parameter;
wherein D isaIndicating the diameter of the inner bore of the venturi tube at the water pressure detection point A, DbThe diameter of an inner hole of the water flow pipeline at the water pressure reference point B is represented; pb1The water pressure value at the water pressure reference point B is shown after the water pump in the water flow pipeline is started and the water pressure is stable; pa1The dynamic water pressure value at the water pressure detection point A is shown after a water pump in the water flow pipeline is started and the water pressure is stable; pa1＜Pb1；
When the water flow in the water flow pipeline is in a static state, the first hydrostatic pressure at the water pressure detection point A is Pa0The second hydrostatic pressure at the hydraulic pressure reference point B is Pb0In which P isa0＝Pb0；
Pb1＝(1+α)Pb0＝(1+α)Pa0Formula (3);
wherein alpha represents Pb1And Pb0Relative error therebetween;
then
Obtaining a first hydrostatic pressure P when the water flow in the water flow pipeline at the water pressure detection point A is in a static statea0And the dynamic water pressure value P after the water pump in the water flow pipeline is started and the water pressure is stablea1And then calculating the water flow Q in the water flow pipeline after the water pump in the water flow pipeline is started and the water pressure is stable according to the formula (4).
2. The method for detecting water flow in a closed pipeline according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for determining the diameter of the inner hole at the throat of the Venturi tube or in the vicinity of the throat of the Venturi tube comprises the following steps:
calculating Pa1And Pa0Relative difference β (Q);
Pa1＝(1-β(Q))Pa0formula (5);
then
From equations (4) and (5) we can derive:
then
To ensure
Wherein beta isminIs in the range of normal water flow Qa1And Pa0The minimum value of the relative difference of (a);
then
Calculating the required D according to the formula (2) and the formula (9)a。
3. The method for detecting water flow in a closed pipeline according to claim 2, wherein: after the water pump in the water flow pipeline is started and the water pressure is stable, the method for determining the calculation error of the water flow Q in the water flow pipeline comprises the following steps:
from equation (7) we can obtain:
according to the formula (10), after the water pump in the water flow pipeline is turned on and the water pressure is stable, the calculation error of the water flow Q in the water flow pipeline is as follows
Because beta (Q) is not less than betaminThen, then
According to betaminThe calculation error range of the water flow Q in the water flow pipeline is determined after the water pump in the water flow pipeline is started and the water pressure is stable.
4. A method for detecting water flow in a closed circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: l α | < 2%.
5. A method for detecting water flow in a closed circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein:
detecting a water pressure value P at a water pressure detection point A without the requirement of a boiling water pump;
the water pressure value P and the safe static water pressure range [ P ] are compared0l,P0h]Low safe static water pressure threshold P of medium0lAnd a high safety static water pressure threshold value P0hMaking a comparison in which P0l＜P0h；
If P < P0lOr P > P0hJudging that a water pressure fault occurs;
after the water pump is started and the water pressure is stabilized, the dynamic water pressure value P at the water pressure detection point A is detecteda1And safe dynamic Water pressure Range [ P1l,P1h]Low safe dynamic water pressure threshold P of medium1lAnd a high safety fluctuating water pressure threshold value P1hMaking a comparison in which P1l＜P1h；
If P isa1＜P1lOr Pa1＞P1hJudging that a water pressure fault occurs;
6. the method for detecting water flow in a closed pipeline according to claim 5, wherein:
when P is present1l≤Pa1≤P1hThen, the calculated water flow Q is compared with a flow threshold Q corresponding to the stop of the water flowstopMaking a comparison if Q < QstopJudging that the water pump has a fault;
if Q is equal to or greater than QstopThen the calculated water flow Q is compared to a water flow underlow threshold QlowMaking a comparison if Q < QlowAnd further judging whether the water pump is at the maximum rotating speed, if so, judging that the water pump lift is low, and if not, increasing the rotating speed of the water pump.
7. The method for detecting water flow in a closed pipeline according to claim 5, wherein:
if P is0l≤P≤P0hJudging whether the water pump is in a closed state, if so, judging whether P is available<Pa1If not, judging that the water pump is in failureBarrier, where Δ p (q) represents a threshold value for the calculated water pressure change difference for turning off the pump.
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