CN110824439B - Radar target rapid long-time coherent accumulation method - Google Patents

Radar target rapid long-time coherent accumulation method Download PDF

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CN110824439B
CN110824439B CN201911143741.4A CN201911143741A CN110824439B CN 110824439 B CN110824439 B CN 110824439B CN 201911143741 A CN201911143741 A CN 201911143741A CN 110824439 B CN110824439 B CN 110824439B
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rft
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金添
宋永坤
宋勇平
戴永鹏
李浩然
杜浩
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National University of Defense Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/28Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/285Receivers
    • G01S7/292Extracting wanted echo-signals
    • G01S7/2923Extracting wanted echo-signals based on data belonging to a number of consecutive radar periods
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/50Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/41Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
    • G01S7/415Identification of targets based on measurements of movement associated with the target

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of radar signal processing, and discloses a method for quickly accumulating phase references of radar targets for a long time. The invention comprises the following steps: the radar system transmits a linear frequency modulation signal and receives an echo signal; RFT processing of echo signals is rapidly realized by using FFT and CZT; constructing an acceleration filter matrix according to Doppler shift caused by acceleration near a real target; and performing acceleration compensation on the RFT processing result by combining with an acceleration filter matrix to obtain a long-time coherent accumulation result of distance-speed-acceleration three-dimensional compensation of the target, thereby realizing the focusing of the target. The invention can obviously improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the system by less calculation amount and improve the detection capability of the radar system on quick small targets.

Description

Radar target rapid long-time coherent accumulation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of radar signal processing, in particular to a rapid and long-time coherent accumulation method for a radar target.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous development of stealth technology, the number of low-altitude fast small aircrafts is increased, and the low-altitude fast small aircrafts are applied to various fields. The weak targets have the characteristics of low signal-to-noise ratio, high flying speed, small radar scattering area (RCS) and the like, and great difficulty is brought to the field of radar signal processing for accurately and quickly detecting the targets. To deal with such problems, it is a common practice to perform coherent accumulation to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the system and improve the detection capability of the radar weak target.
At present, some classical coherent accumulation methods applied to a constant-speed moving target are Moving Target Detection (MTD), Keystone transform and Radon Fourier Transform (RFT). MTD is the simplest and most efficient coherent accumulation method, but cannot eliminate the range walk effect of a fast moving object in a coherent accumulation period. The Keystone transformation coherent accumulation method is that the distance walk of a target is corrected through the traditional Keystone transformation, and then MTD processing is carried out to realize coherent accumulation. The Keystone transform corrects the range walk problem compared to the MTD method, but this method suffers from the Doppler blur problem as well as the MTD. In 2011, Xugan et al put forward a Radon-Fourier Transform for Radon Target Detection, I: Generalized Doppler Filter Bank, "the method uses the motion information of the Target to perform two-dimensional traversal compensation on the distance-speed of the Target to realize long-time coherent accumulation of Target energy, and meanwhile, the method does not have the Doppler fuzzy problem. The RFT method has excellent performance and is widely applied to the field of radar micro-target detection. However, in practical applications, the motion situation of the target is complex and may have acceleration, and the coherent accumulation method does not compensate for the acceleration, which results in a greatly reduced coherent accumulation effect. For coherent accumulation problems with acceleration targets, xugan et al also propose a generalized RFT method (GRFT) in the same article of RFT to compensate acceleration, but the algorithm has a large calculation amount, so that the application is limited greatly. Therefore, a long-time coherent accumulation method capable of quickly compensating for a target acceleration is required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the prior art is insufficient, and provides a method for quickly accumulating the phase-coherent of a radar target for a long time, which quickly realizes the distance-speed-acceleration compensation of an approximate uniform acceleration moving target in a phase-coherent accumulation period by using less computation amount, realizes the long-time phase-coherent accumulation of target energy, and further improves the detection capability of a radar system on quick weak targets.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a radar target rapid long-time coherent accumulation method comprises the following steps:
1) the radar system transmits a linear frequency modulation signal and receives a radar echo signal;
2) setting a target distance and a speed search range, and rapidly realizing RFT processing by using FFT and CZT;
3) setting an acceleration search range of a target, and constructing an acceleration filter matrix;
4) and performing acceleration compensation on the RFT processing result according to the acceleration filter, and finally obtaining a long-time coherent accumulation result of distance-speed-acceleration three-dimensional compensation.
In the step 1), the radar system transmits a linear frequency modulation signal, for a point target which moves in a uniform acceleration straight line, the direction of the target approaching the radar system is recorded as the positive direction, the transformation of the target intensity is ignored, an echo is expressed as s (n, m),
Figure BDA0002281624930000021
n is the number of working frequency points, N is 0,1,2, N-1, where N is the total number of working frequency points, f is the total number of working frequency pointsnThe frequency corresponding to each working frequency point; m is a pulse number, M is 0,1,2,., M-1, wherein M is the total number of pulses in one coherent accumulation period; r ist、vt、atThe initial distance, speed and acceleration of the target are respectively, sigma is the reflection coefficient of the target, c is the speed of light, and T is the pulse repetition time.
In step 2), setting a distance search range to be [ r ]min,rmax]Wherein r isminAnd rmaxThe shortest and longest distances of the search, respectively, and the velocity search range is [ v ]min,vmax]Wherein v isminAnd vmaxThe radar echo signal is RFT processed for minimum and maximum speeds of search, respectively, and is denoted as
Figure BDA0002281624930000022
Wherein S isR-V(R, V) represents the result of RFT processing on the distance-velocity plane, R-V represents the distance-velocity plane, and the RFT processing mode is that the distance R and the velocity V are subjected to traversal compensation by using discrete Fourier transform, wherein, the two-dimensional RFT processing in RFT operationThe discrete fourier transform is rapidly implemented by FFT processing along the distance dimension and CZT processing along the velocity dimension to obtain the focusing result of the target in the distance-velocity plane.
In step 3), setting the search range of the acceleration as [ a ]min,amax]Wherein a isminAnd amaxRespectively searching the minimum and maximum acceleration values, and constructing an acceleration filter matrix as
Figure BDA0002281624930000023
Where Δ v is the velocity grid density, K is 0,1,2a-1 is the speed number of the speed change interval, at a given acceleration,
Figure BDA0002281624930000024
i.e. the number of velocity units occupied by the velocity increment due to acceleration a during the coherent integration time of MT, ceil being an integer function up.
In step 4), the RFT processing result S is processed according to the acceleration filter matrix h (a, k)R-V(r, v) performing acceleration compensation, and expressing the acceleration compensation as
Figure BDA0002281624930000025
Wherein SR-V-A(r, v + k Δ v, a) is the result of the acceleration-compensated target on the range-velocity-acceleration three-dimensional plane, sR-V(r, v + k delta v) is the RFT processing result on the near distance-velocity plane of the target position, the acceleration compensation mode is equivalent to convolution, can be quickly realized by adopting a frequency domain multiplication method, and the distance-velocity-acceleration is just traversed and compensated to the true value (r, v + k delta v) of the targett,vt,at) When S is presentR-V-A(rt,vt,at) And obtaining the optimal coherent accumulation result.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a rapid long-time coherent accumulation method for a radar target, aiming at the problem of high complexity of the long-time coherent accumulation method for an acceleration target, acceleration compensation of the target is rapidly realized by constructing a corresponding acceleration filter matrix and then multiplying the acceleration filter matrix by the result of RFT processing, a coherent accumulation result of distance-speed-acceleration three-dimensional compensation is obtained, and focusing of the target is realized. The method can obviously improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the system and improve the detection capability of the radar system on the quick small target. Compared with the traditional method, the method can rapidly realize long-time coherent accumulation of the acceleration target through less FFT, CZT and complex multiplication, has small calculated amount and is convenient for engineering realization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall flow diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of MTD coherent accumulation results;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the coherent accumulation of RFT;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the fast long-term coherent accumulation results after acceleration compensation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
Referring to the attached drawing 1, the invention provides a method for quickly accumulating coherent radar targets for a long time, which is specifically realized by the following steps:
step 1, a radar system transmits a linear frequency modulation signal and receives a radar echo signal.
In the embodiment, the radar system transmits linear frequency modulation signals, for point targets with uniform acceleration and linear motion, the direction of the targets approaching the radar system is recorded as the positive direction, the transformation of the target intensity is ignored, the echo is expressed as s (n, m),
Figure BDA0002281624930000031
n is the number of working frequency points, N is 0,1,2, N-1, where N is the total number of working frequency points and also represents the number of sampling points in the time from transmission to reception of a pulse, f is the number of sampling points in the time from transmission to reception of a pulsenThe frequency corresponding to each working frequency point; m is the pulse number, M is 0,1,2,.., M-1, wherein M is the total pulse in a coherent accumulation periodThe number of strokes. r ist、vt、atThe initial distance, speed and acceleration of the target are respectively, sigma is the reflection coefficient of the target, c is the speed of light, and T is the pulse repetition time.
In this embodiment, the system parameters are: the carrier frequency of a radar transmitting signal is 35GHz, the signal bandwidth is 80MHz, the range resolution is 1.875M, the number N of sampling points of a single pulse distance dimension is 319, the pulse repetition frequency is 32KHz, the pulse repetition time T is 1/32ks, and the number M of pulses contained in one coherent accumulation period is 6400. The initial velocity of the target is 40m/s and the initial acceleration is 5m/s2And setting the speed of the target approaching the radar system to be positive and the speed of the target far away from the radar system to be negative.
And step 2, setting a target distance and a speed search range, and rapidly realizing RFT processing by using FFT and CZT.
In this embodiment, the distance search range is set to [ r ]min,rmax]Wherein r isminAnd rmaxThe nearest and farthest distance values of the search, respectively, and the velocity search range is [ v ]min,vmax]Wherein v isminAnd vmaxThe radar echo signal is RFT processed for the minimum and maximum velocity values searched, respectively, and represented as
Figure BDA0002281624930000041
Wherein S isR-VAnd (R, V) represents an RFT processing result on a distance-velocity plane, R-V represents the distance-velocity plane, and the RFT processing mode is that the distance R and the velocity V are subjected to traversal compensation by using discrete Fourier transform, wherein the two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform in RFT operation is quickly realized by performing FFT processing along a distance dimension and CZT processing along a velocity dimension, and a focusing result of the target in a distance-velocity space is obtained.
In this embodiment, the distance search range is set to [1200m,1850m ], the velocity search range is set to [120 m/s,120m/s ], and RFT processing is performed on radar echo signals according to the set distance-velocity search range, which consumes about 319 CZT and 6400 FFT. The processing result of RFT is shown in fig. 3, and since the acceleration is not compensated, the target is severely diffused in the velocity dimension, the focusing is not realized, and the coherent accumulation gain is limited.
And 3, setting an acceleration search range of the target and constructing an acceleration filter matrix.
In the present embodiment, the search range of the acceleration is set to [ a ]min,amax]Wherein a isminAnd amaxRespectively searching the minimum and maximum acceleration values, and constructing an acceleration filter matrix as
Figure BDA0002281624930000042
Where Δ v is the velocity grid density, K is 0,1,2a-1 is the speed number of the speed change interval, at a given acceleration,
Figure BDA0002281624930000043
i.e. the number of velocity units occupied by the velocity increment due to acceleration a during the coherent integration time of MT, ceil being an integer function up. In addition, the acceleration filter is multiplied by 1/KaIn order to normalize the acceleration filter coefficients.
In this embodiment, the search range of the acceleration a is set to [ -15m/s ]2,15m/s2]The resolution of the acceleration being
Figure BDA0002281624930000044
Thus, an acceleration filter matrix h (a, k) can be constructed, in which the velocity grid density Δ v is 0.0146, and the maximum number of velocity increment cells caused by acceleration is
Figure BDA0002281624930000045
And 4, performing acceleration compensation on the RFT processing result according to the acceleration filter, and finally obtaining a long-time coherent accumulation result of distance-speed-acceleration three-dimensional compensation.
In this embodiment, the result S of RFT processing is performed based on the acceleration filter matrix h (a, k)R-V(r, v) performing acceleration compensation, the acceleration compensation being expressed as:
Figure BDA0002281624930000046
wherein SR-V-A(r, v + k Δ v, a) is the result of the acceleration-compensated target on the range-velocity-acceleration three-dimensional plane, sR-V(r, v + k delta v) is the RFT processing result on the near distance-velocity plane of the target position, the acceleration compensation mode is equivalent to convolution, can be quickly realized by adopting a frequency domain multiplication method, and the distance-velocity-acceleration is just traversed and compensated to the true value (r, v + k delta v) of the targett,vt,at) When S is presentR-V-A(rt,vt,at) And obtaining an optimal coherent accumulation result, specifically as shown in fig. 4, the target achieves focusing at a corresponding distance-velocity-acceleration point, and a large signal gain is obtained.
In order to verify the effect of the present invention, fig. 2 shows the coherent accumulation result of MTD, and it can be known from comparing the coherent accumulation results of MTD, RFT and the present invention respectively shown in fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, because the speed of the target is fast and has acceleration, the MTD method does not correct the distance walk, and the coherent accumulation effect is limited; the RFT method does not consider the influence of acceleration and does not achieve the optimal coherent accumulation result; the invention compensates the distance, speed and acceleration of the target, the coherent accumulation effect is obviously better than that of the MTD and RFT method, and the coherent accumulation gain is about 16dB higher than that of the MTD and about 14dB higher than that of the RFT. Meanwhile, compared with the traditional GRFT algorithm, the method has less calculation amount and is convenient for system realization.
While the foregoing specification illustrates and describes embodiments of the invention in its application, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that modifications and other embodiments are not to be considered as exclusive of other embodiments, but may be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (1)

1. A radar target fast long-time coherent accumulation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, a radar system transmits a linear frequency modulation signal and receives a radar echo signal;
in the step 1, the radar system transmits a linear frequency modulation signal, for a point target which moves in a uniform acceleration straight line, the direction of the target approaching the radar system is recorded as the positive direction, the transformation of the target intensity is ignored, an echo is expressed as s (n, m),
Figure FDA0002730258220000011
n is the number of working frequency points, N is 0,1,2, N-1, where N is the total number of working frequency points, f is the total number of working frequency pointsnThe frequency corresponding to each working frequency point; m is a pulse number, M is 0,1,2,., M-1, wherein M is the total number of pulses in one coherent accumulation period; r ist、vt、atRespectively the initial distance, speed and acceleration of the target, sigma is the reflection coefficient of the target, c is the speed of light, and T is the pulse repetition time;
step 2, setting a target distance and a speed search range, and rapidly realizing RFT processing by using FFT and CZT;
in the step 2, the distance search range is set as rmin,rmax]Wherein r isminAnd rmaxThe shortest and longest distances of the search, respectively, and the velocity search range is [ v ]min,vmax]Wherein v isminAnd vmaxThe radar echo signal is RFT processed for minimum and maximum speeds of search, respectively, and is denoted as
Figure FDA0002730258220000012
r∈[rmin,rmax],v∈[vmin,vmax]Wherein S isR-V(R, V) represents the RFT processing result on the distance-velocity plane, R-V represents the distance-velocity plane, the RFT processing mode is that the distance R and the velocity V are traversed and compensated by using discrete Fourier transform, wherein, the two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform in RFT operation is rapidly realized by performing FFT processing along the distance dimension and CZT processing along the velocity dimension, and the aim is obtainedThe focusing result marked in the distance-velocity plane;
step 3, setting an acceleration search range of a target, and constructing an acceleration filter matrix;
in the step 3, the search range of the acceleration is set as [ a ]min,amax]Wherein a isminAnd amaxRespectively searching the minimum and maximum acceleration values, and constructing an acceleration filter matrix as
Figure FDA0002730258220000013
a∈[amin,amax]Where Δ v is the velocity grid density, K is 0,1,2a-1 is the speed number of the speed change interval, at a given acceleration,
Figure FDA0002730258220000014
i.e. the number of velocity units occupied by the velocity increment due to the acceleration a during the coherent integration time of the MT, wherein ceil is an integer function;
step 4, performing acceleration compensation on the RFT processing result according to an acceleration filter, and finally obtaining a long-time coherent accumulation result of distance-speed-acceleration three-dimensional compensation;
in the step 4, the RFT processing result S is processed according to the acceleration filter matrix h (a, k)R-V(r, v) performing acceleration compensation, and expressing the acceleration compensation as
Figure FDA0002730258220000015
Wherein SR-V-A(r, v + k. DELTA. v, a) is the result of the acceleration-compensated target on the range-velocity-acceleration three-dimensional plane, sR-V(r, v + k Δ v) is the RFT processing result on the near distance-velocity plane near the target position, the acceleration compensation mode is equivalent to convolution, can be quickly realized by adopting a frequency domain multiplication method, and the distance-velocity-acceleration is just traversed and compensated to the true value (r, v + k Δ v) of the targett,vt,at) When S is presentR-V-A(rt,vt,at) And obtaining the optimal coherent accumulation result.
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