CN110795071A - User interface design and code separation method supporting real-time data dynamic binding - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a user interface design and code separation method supporting real-time data dynamic binding, which adopts an XML file stored based on a text mode to describe a user interface and draws a corresponding graphical user interface template according to project requirements, specific scenes and logic; interface elements are stored in a definition file of the user interface template in an object-oriented manner, and each interface element is endowed with a unique name; the input data point information and the output data point information are dynamically bound to interface elements with the same name in the corresponding user interface template; reading, real-time rendering and dynamic event capturing and executing of a user interface template by applying a cross-platform human-computer user interface rendering mechanism. The advantages are that: the method realizes one-time coding and multi-scene flexible application, has the capability of designing and presenting a cross-platform running general user interface, and can effectively deal with the migration of GUI bottom layer realization technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a user interface design and code separation method supporting real-time data dynamic binding, and belongs to the technical field of automatic monitoring systems.
Background
The supervisory control System (SCADA) is a monitoring and control background of various automatic systems and is responsible for collecting, transmitting, processing, storing and counting real-time production data, visually presenting data/information and immediately issuing automatic/manual operation commands. Meanwhile, the SCADA system can also provide basic data support for a high-level data analysis and decision system.
Typical SCADA systems typically include a Human Machine Interface (HMI) configuration and real-time display subsystem. The engineering user can use the subsystem to create user pictures such as various navigation diagrams, wiring diagrams, flow charts, statistical diagrams, GIS information diagrams and the like according to project requirements. By combining with real-time data binding, the SCADA system can display information such as the operation mode, the working state, the real-time parameters and the like of each main device in the controlled system on line, and for a part of controlled objects conforming to various industrial control standard definitions, the SCADA system also provides corresponding operation interfaces (such as remote control, remote adjustment, protection and fixed value operation and the like in the electric SCADA), and a user can complete various standardized monitoring and control actions through a human-computer interface program under the support of an SCADA software platform.
Under the influence of various factors such as system scale, hardware equipment digitization degree and cost, the real automatic application system has variable user requirements, and the relatively standardized SCADA human-computer interface configuration capability cannot be completely presented. Generally, an implementation party of an automatic monitoring system project needs to secondarily develop various user operation interface software (such as a linkage function in a subway comprehensive monitoring system) according to a customization requirement of a user project so as to realize a project function. Continuous customized development not only increases the difficulty and cost of project implementation, but also increases the difficulty of system maintenance.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a user interface design and code separation method supporting real-time data dynamic binding.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a user interface design and code separation method supporting real-time data dynamic binding, which adopts an XML file stored based on a text mode to describe a user interface and draws a corresponding graphical user interface template according to project requirements, specific scenes and logic;
interface elements are stored in a definition file of the user interface template in an object-oriented manner, and each interface element is endowed with a unique name;
reading in a user interface template and acquiring the names of all interface elements, searching in a corresponding real-time data binding file, reading related input data point information, and displaying and refreshing the interface elements; reading related output data point information for executing writing into a real-time database after a user interaction event is triggered, wherein the input data point information and the output data point information are dynamically bound to the homonymous interface elements in the corresponding user interface template;
reading, real-time rendering and dynamic event capturing and executing of a user interface template by applying a cross-platform human-computer user interface rendering mechanism.
Further, the definition file uses a.ui file format compatible with the QT framework. Cross-platform compatibility is achieved, and the method can be easily created by using related graphical user interface design tools.
Further, the real-time data binding file sets an addressing mode DataPoint/Attribute with two layers of abstract structures for describing input data point information and output data point information, and is used for identifying real-time data, wherein the DataPoint identifies a specific data object, the Attribute identifies a specific Attribute Value of the data object, and the real-time data binding configuration file sets a Value field at the end of describing the output data point information, and is used for giving a Value of an instruction or parameter which is written into a real-time database response data point after a response interface element is triggered by a user. The method can be well mapped for the object-oriented real-time database, and is convenient for adaptation through developing a corresponding data adaptation module.
Further, after the input data point information is read, the displayed interface elements are refreshed by the real-time values of the data points on the user interface template, and dynamic setting is carried out according to the real-time database data values corresponding to the interface elements; and after the output data point information is read, the displayed interface elements are refreshed by the real-time data point values on the user interface template, and the real-time database data points bound with the interface elements are automatically written, wherein the specific content of the writing is given by a Value field in the configuration. And the full-automatic execution of the output class interface elements (controls) is realized.
Further, the input data point information and the output data point information are dynamically bound to the interface elements with the same name in the corresponding user interface template;
for the input data point information, when a user interface is initialized, reading an immediate value of a binding data point from a real-time database, initializing the display of an interface element by using the immediate value, then registering a message notification of the data point to a bottom-layer SCADA system, and continuously updating the display of the corresponding interface element according to the dynamic change of the value;
and for the output data point information, when a user interface is initialized, the output data point information is bound with the homonymous interface element supporting the UI operation of the user, in the program execution process, the effective interactive operation trigger code of the user for the interface element writes in the bottom layer real-time database system, and the specific parameter value is specified by the bidirectional real-time data binding file. The binding of the real-time data points and the interface elements can be realized at a configuration level, so that various defects of coupling the two agents through codes in the conventional software design method are effectively eliminated, for example, the codes are not easy to modify and maintain, and the like.
Furthermore, cooperation and linkage among all functional modules (a communication protocol server, an HMI (human machine interface), an event alarm, historical storage, statistical calculation, a calculation formula and the like) in the SCADA system based on the real-time database are coupled and decoupled through data in the real-time database. And the seamless integration with the host SCADA system can be realized by writing the adaptation module aiming at different host SCADA systems.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
the inevitable customized human-computer operation interface design in the application of the automatic monitoring system is isolated from data and logic drive related codes of an SCADA background, so that one-time coding and multi-scene flexible application are realized. The method does not depend on a real-time database (or other technical equivalents) general access interface supported by a specific SCADA platform, and has better universality. The method has the capability of designing and presenting the cross-platform running general user interface, and can effectively deal with the migration of GUI bottom layer implementation technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a software module schematic of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
1. User interface creation (interface design)
In order to realize the user interface supporting cross-platform presentation, an XML file stored in a text-based mode is adopted for describing the user interface. By using a graphical user interface design tool, a user can draw a corresponding user interface template according to project requirements and specific scenes and logics. Interface elements such as buttons, check boxes, tabs, drop-down lists, etc. controls, as well as the position, size, foreground/background color, borders, layout, alignment, etc. information of the controls, can be saved in the user interface template definition file object-oriented. The ui file format, which allows for cross-platform compatibility, can be easily created using related graphical user interface design tools using current user interface template definition files using a QT framework compatible.
The definition of a button control generated by a user interface design tool in a user interface template file is given below, and it can be seen that the user interface element described by using the structure based on the normalized XML has good readability, which is convenient for the analysis of the application program, and the text format itself enables the template itself to be transmitted, stored and used across platforms, and independent of platform-related codes, a universal template can be given for the user-defined graphical application program interface.
After each interface element is endowed with a unique name (the name attribute of the PushButton control in the example), the user interface template analysis and execution module takes the unique name as an index, and automatically searches corresponding data binding configuration files and data configuration items for the interface element during running, so that one-to-one data bidirectional binding of the real-time database data point and the active control is realized.
2. Real-time data binding
After reading in a graphical user interface template and acquiring the name attributes of all the active controls, searching in a corresponding real-time data binding file (text file, extension name and CFG) by a user interface template analysis and execution module, and reading related input data point information for displaying and refreshing the corresponding interface controls; and reading the relevant output data point information for executing the writing of the real-time database after the triggering of the user interaction event.
In the real-time data binding file, the entry point data binding format is described as follows. Because the design and implementation of the user interface design/code separation method supporting the real-time data dynamic binding do not depend on the specific SCADA platform technology, the real-time data binding configuration file provides an addressing mode with two layers of abstract structures for the description of the data points of the real-time database: DataPoint/Attribute to identify real-time data. DataPoint identifies a specific data object, Attribute identifies a specific Attribute value. The design is improved, and the real-time data in an object-oriented real-time database such as a national electrical south self DSC-9000U/W series SCADA system (using object ID/attribute ID two-level real-time data addressing) and a maxDNA monitoring system (using Service/Member two-level addressing) can be well mapped. And for the real-time data of other various SCADA systems, adaptation can be performed by developing corresponding data adaptation modules. The DataType field gives the data type of the data point.
Input data point binding
RD,ObjectName,DataPoint,Attribute,DataType
Description of fields:
RD, indicates that the data point entry is an input data point;
ObjectName is the name of a control which is displayed by using the real-time value of the data point in the ui file; (controls to support Label controls, check boxes controls, drop-down lists, etc.)
DataPoint is the address information (supporting but not limited to object name, object address, object number, etc.) of the real-time data object to be bound to the specific control;
attribute, the Attribute (or other kind of secondary addressing identifier, negligible) name of the real-time data object to be bound to a specific control;
the DataType is the data type of the data point to be bound to the specific control; (support basic data types such as INT, FLOAT, STRING, CHOICE, etc.).
When the system runs, once the configuration information of the input data points is read, the real-time state and rendering of a control named ObjectName on the graphical user interface template are dynamically set by the analysis and execution module of the user interface template according to the real-time database data value corresponding to the analysis and rendering module, so that the full-automatic refreshing of the input interface elements (controls) is realized.
In the real-time data binding file, the output point data binding format is described as follows. Because the design and implementation of the user interface design/code separation method supporting the real-time data dynamic binding do not depend on the specific SCADA platform technology, the description of the real-time data binding configuration file on the real-time database data point for output also adopts an addressing mode of a DataPoint/Attribute two-layer abstract structure. Compared with the input data point configuration information, the Value field added in the output point configuration information is used for giving a command or a parameter Value written into the response data point of the real-time database after the response UI control is triggered by a user.
Output data point binding
WR,ObjectName,DataPoint,Attribute,DataType,Value
Description of fields:
WR indicating that the data point entry is an output data point;
ObjectName is the name of a control which is displayed by using the real-time value of the data point in the ui file; (controls that support check box controls, buttons, etc.);
DataPoint is the address information (supporting but not limited to object name, object address, object number, etc.) of the real-time data object to be bound to the specific control;
attribute, the Attribute (or other kind of secondary addressing identifier, negligible) name of the real-time data object to be bound to a specific control;
the DataType is the data type of the data point to be bound to the specific control;
value is the parameter Value of the corresponding (button) control which triggers the write operation of the data point.
During operation, once the configuration information of the output data point is read, a user trigger event (such as button pressing, check box selection and the like) of a control named ObjectName on the graphical user interface template instructs the user interface template analysis and execution module to automatically write the real-time database data point bound with the analysis and execution module, and the written specific content is given by a Value field in the configuration, so that the full-automatic execution of the output type interface element (control) is realized.
3. Parsing and execution of user interface template (code)
FIG. 1 shows a software architecture of a user interface template parsing and execution module, which is a code part in a scheme design of a user interface design/code separation method supporting real-time data dynamic binding. The part realizes reading, real-time rendering and dynamic event capturing and execution of a user-defined graphical interface by applying a cross-platform man-machine user interface rendering mechanism.
Analyzing and executing the user interface template:
the human-machine user interface rendering mechanism is currently implemented using a cross-platform GUI development framework QT, and considering the text attributes of a user interface template file (an XML configuration file, which may be rendered using the aforementioned third-party software tool, or may be created manually), any software implementation technique may be used to implement the user interface template parsing and execution functions, as long as it is capable of parsing such file and performing the rendering of the user UI and the processing of the user interaction event. The part of the design in the patent scheme has a cross-platform characteristic. The upgrading and updating of the GUI technology do not affect the effectiveness of a graphical user interface template drawn by a user, the quick migration of a GUI bottom layer implementation mechanism can be realized by using the same analysis module and realizing the GUI rendering part code again, and the display and the dynamic operation of a universal user interface supported by different technology stacks are realized.
Real-time data binding:
during operation, according to the configuration in the bidirectional real-time data binding file, the user interface template analysis and execution module dynamically binds the real-time database data points given in the configuration file to the same-name (name) graphic control in the corresponding user interface template. For an input data point, when the user interface is initialized, the user interface template analysis and execution module reads an immediate value of a binding data point from the real-time database and initializes the display of the control by the user interface template analysis and execution module, and then the user interface template analysis and execution module notifies a message of registering the data point with the underlying SCADA system and continuously updates the display of the corresponding control according to the dynamic change of the value. For output data points, when a user interface is initialized, a user interface template analysis and execution module binds the output data points with a control with the same name supporting user UI operation, in the program execution process, effective interactive operation (such as button pressing, check box selection or clearing and the like) of a user on the control triggers the user interface template analysis and execution module to write codes into a bottom layer real-time database system, and specific parameter values are specified by a bidirectional real-time data binding file (. CFG file).
And (3) SCADA adaptation:
in the SCADA system based on the real-time database, the cooperation and linkage among all the functional modules are coupled and decoupled through data in the real-time database. The application program can acquire various states of the controlled equipment of the system and real-time states and parameters issued by various application processes by reading specific data points in the real-time database; meanwhile, the application program can also notify the self state, parameters and even control instruction information to other associated application processes (such as a communication protocol module) by executing write-in to the specified data points in the real-time database, so as to realize the influence on other application processes and the real-time control on the controlled equipment (such as issuing operation instructions, parameters and the like through the communication protocol module).
And the seamless integration with the host SCADA system can be realized by writing the adaptation module aiming at different host SCADA systems. The design scheme does not depend on a specific SCADA platform implementation technology, and as long as the host SCADA system provides read and write of real-time data and application development interface API (data write/data change) for message notification, the SCADA adaptation module can be correspondingly developed to realize bidirectional real-time data interaction for the host SCADA system. For SCADA systems that cannot provide real-time data write/change message notification, a timed read approach may be used to achieve approximately full time period coverage of real-time data.
The design scheme is integrated and used for expanding the existing SCADA system, a plurality of user customized secondary development work brought by an automatic application system project can be simplified into that codes are not required to be written, and various graphical interface user application programs can be quickly and configuratively created only through separate user interface drawing and data binding configuration and by combining with a general user interface template analysis and execution module program.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The invention adopts the core design concept of user interface design and code decoupling, and isolates the inevitable customized man-machine operation interface design in the automatic monitoring system from the data and logic drive related codes of the SCADA background, thereby realizing one-time coding and multi-scene flexible application. And the scheme does not depend on the real-time database implementation (or other technical equivalents) of a specific SCADA system, and has better universality. Ui dialog description language (XML text file) compatible with QT framework is adopted in the aspect of user interface design, the ui dialog description language has universal user interface design and presentation capability running across Windows/X11(Linux/Unix) platform, and has the capability of migrating when GUI bottom layer implementation technology is replaced, namely, the user application of the graphical interface created in the existing project can be driven in full function under a brand-new GUI technology stack only by updating the graphical display basic code part in the design.
The separation of the user application program interface design and the data driving code is realized, the user interface is drawn quickly, and the data binding and real-time presentation are automatically performed on the user interface; dynamic binding of industrial automation real-time data (library) and application program user interface elements, input: refreshing the user interface element display in real time using the real-time database data; and (3) outputting: the user interface operation triggers the real-time database data writing; generalized user interface descriptions that do not rely on specific GUI implementation techniques.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts the core design concept of user interface design and code decoupling, and isolates the inevitable customized man-machine operation interface design in the application of the automatic monitoring system from the data and logic drive related codes of the SCADA background, thereby realizing the one-time coding and multi-scene flexible application. In addition, the scheme realizes a real-time database (or other technical equivalents) universal access interface independent of a specific SCADA platform through the SCADA adaptation module, and has better universality. The implemented user interface design employs a QT framework-compatible ui dialog description language (XML text file), has universal user interface design and rendering capabilities that run across Windows/X11(Linux/Unix) platforms, and can effectively address migration of GUI underlying implementation technologies.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A user interface design and code separation method supporting real-time data dynamic binding is characterized in that an XML file stored in a text-based mode is used for describing a user interface, and a corresponding graphical user interface template is drawn according to project requirements, specific scenes and logic;
interface elements are stored in a definition file of the user interface template in an object-oriented manner, and each interface element is endowed with a unique name;
reading in a user interface template and acquiring the names of all interface elements, searching in a corresponding real-time data binding file, reading related input data point information, and displaying and refreshing the interface elements; reading related output data point information for executing writing into a real-time database after a user interaction event is triggered, wherein the input data point information and the output data point information are dynamically bound to the homonymous interface elements in the corresponding user interface template;
reading, real-time rendering and dynamic event capturing and executing of a user interface template by applying a cross-platform human-computer user interface rendering mechanism.
2. The user interface design and code separation method of claim 1, wherein the definition file uses a.ui file format compatible with the QT framework.
3. The user interface design and code separation method according to claim 1, wherein the real-time data binding file sets an addressing mode DataPoint/Attribute with two layers of abstract structures for descriptions of input data point information and output data point information, and is used for identifying real-time data, wherein the DataPoint identifies a specific data object, the Attribute identifies a specific Attribute Value of the data object, and the real-time data binding configuration file sets a Value field at the end of the descriptions of the output data point information, and is used for giving a Value of an instruction or parameter for writing a response interface element into a response data point of the real-time database after being triggered by a user.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein, once the data point information is read, the interface elements displayed on the user interface template are refreshed by the real-time values of the data points and dynamically set according to the real-time database data values corresponding to the interface elements; and after the output data point information is read, the displayed interface elements are refreshed by the real-time data point values on the user interface template, and the real-time database data points bound with the interface elements are automatically written, wherein the specific content of the writing is given by a Value field in the configuration.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein for the input of data point information, the user interface, upon initialization, reads the immediate value of its bound data point from the real-time database and initializes the display of the interface element with it, then registers the message notification of the data point with the underlying SCADA system and will continuously update the display of the corresponding interface element according to the dynamic change of its value;
and for the output data point information, when a user interface is initialized, the output data point information is bound with the homonymous interface element supporting the UI operation of the user, in the program execution process, the effective interactive operation trigger code of the user for the interface element writes in the bottom layer real-time database system, and the specific parameter value is specified by the bidirectional real-time data binding file.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the cooperation and linkage between all functional modules in the SCADA system based on the real-time database are coupled and decoupled through data in the real-time database.
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| CN117170632A (en) * | 2023-11-02 | 2023-12-05 | 浙江大学 | User interface development system for Vue-based SysML model simulation |
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