CN110780150A - Transmission line fault positioning device and method based on transmission tower leakage current - Google Patents
Transmission line fault positioning device and method based on transmission tower leakage current Download PDFInfo
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- CN110780150A CN110780150A CN201911000561.0A CN201911000561A CN110780150A CN 110780150 A CN110780150 A CN 110780150A CN 201911000561 A CN201911000561 A CN 201911000561A CN 110780150 A CN110780150 A CN 110780150A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/25—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques
- G01R19/2506—Arrangements for conditioning or analysing measured signals, e.g. for indicating peak values ; Details concerning sampling, digitizing or waveform capturing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of power equipment monitoring, in particular to a power transmission line fault positioning device and method based on leakage current of a power transmission tower, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the fault positioning device comprises positioning equipment arranged on the transmission tower grounding conductor and a positioning system arranged in an upper computer; the positioning equipment is used for presetting geographic position parameters; the system comprises a power transmission tower, a grounding conductor, a current signal acquisition module, a power transmission tower and a control module, wherein the power transmission tower is used for acquiring a current signal of the grounding conductor of the power transmission tower, and the current signal comprises tower leakage current and tower lightning stroke current; the system is used for preprocessing the current signal and extracting an effective value to form current data and transmitting the current data to a positioning system; the positioning system is used for analyzing the size, frequency and waveform characteristics of the current data, judging whether the current data is fault current or not, and determining a fault position according to positioning equipment which detects the fault current; the positioning system comprises a database and a positioning unit. The invention has high positioning accuracy and convenient installation and maintenance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power equipment monitoring, in particular to a power transmission line fault positioning device and method based on power transmission tower leakage current.
Background
Faults such as short circuit, grounding, disconnection, lightning stroke and the like of a power grid transmission line need to be searched for fault positions, a means for a line under 35kv in the current market is a fault indicator, and the fault is searched for according to current change of the line; more lines with more than 35kv use a traveling wave ranging method to search the fault position; the fault indicator has the recognition accuracy of about 70% for short-circuit faults and the recognition accuracy of about 40% for grounding faults, and the product has limitations; the traveling wave ranging method has the advantages of high equipment price, complex system, high installation difficulty and better accuracy than a fault indicator, but cannot achieve ideal effect. The existing products for fault location of lines with the voltage of more than 35kv adopt physical signals such as current, voltage, characteristic waves and the like from high-voltage leads according to the principle and means, and have the defects of high installation cost and difficult operation; only the size and the waveform of the current are analyzed, and the positioning accuracy is low.
In view of this, in order to overcome the above-mentioned defects, it is an urgent problem in the art to provide a power transmission line fault positioning device and positioning method based on the leakage current of a power transmission tower.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a power transmission line fault positioning device and a power transmission line fault positioning method based on leakage current of a power transmission tower, which have the advantages of high positioning accuracy and convenience in installation and maintenance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a transmission line fault positioning device based on transmission tower leakage current comprises positioning equipment arranged on a transmission tower grounding conductor and a positioning system arranged in an upper computer;
the positioning equipment is used for presetting geographic position parameters; the system comprises a power transmission tower, a grounding conductor, a current signal acquisition module, a power transmission tower and a control module, wherein the power transmission tower is used for acquiring a current signal of the grounding conductor of the power transmission tower, and the current signal comprises tower leakage current and tower lightning stroke current; the system is used for preprocessing the current signal and extracting an effective value to form current data and transmitting the current data to a positioning system;
the positioning system is used for analyzing the size, frequency and waveform characteristics of the current data, judging whether the current data is fault current or not, and determining a fault position according to positioning equipment which detects the fault current; the positioning system comprises a database and a positioning unit; the database is used for storing the collected current data, a fault model is preset in the database, and the current data in the fault model are classified according to different class labels; the positioning unit comprises a first comparison module, a second comparison module and a third comparison module; the first comparison module is used for judging whether the similarity between the current data and the fault model is greater than a first similarity threshold value or not; the second comparison module is used for judging whether the similarity between the frequency and waveform characteristics of the current data and the early-stage normal current historical data of the tower is smaller than a second similarity threshold value or not; the third comparison module is used for performing linkage query on the current data according to the category label of the current data, and judging whether the frequency and waveform characteristics of the current data and the data similarity of the fault current under the same label are greater than a third similarity threshold value or not; after the current data is compared by the first comparison module, the second comparison module and the third comparison module, if the similarity between the current data and a fault model is greater than a first similarity threshold value, the similarity between the current data and the earlier-stage normal current historical data of the tower is less than a second similarity threshold value, and the similarity between the current data and the data of the fault current under the same label is greater than a third similarity threshold value, defining the current data as 'fault current', and determining the fault position according to the geographic position parameters of the positioning equipment; otherwise, defining the current data as "abnormal current".
According to the scheme, the positioning equipment comprises a current acquisition device, a signal processing circuit, a communication device and a power supply connected to the current acquisition device, the signal processing circuit and the power end of the communication device; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the current acquisition device is connected to the input end of the signal processing circuit and used for acquiring a current signal of the grounding conductor, and comprises a small current sensor for acquiring leakage current of the tower and a large current sensor for acquiring lightning current of the tower; the output ends of the small current sensor and the large current sensor are connected to the input end of the signal processing circuit; the signal processing circuit is used for preprocessing the current signals and extracting effective values to form current data, preprocessing the acquired current signals, filtering useless values, reserving the effective values for sending, reducing the communication frequency with an upper computer and improving the detection precision; the signal processing circuit comprises a controller, and a filter, an amplifier, a comparator and a clock module which are all connected with the controller; the filter comprises a small current filter and a large current filter, the amplifier comprises a small current amplifier and a large current amplifier, the input end of the small current filter is connected with the output end of the small current sensor, the output end of the small current filter is connected with the input end of the small current amplifier, and the output end of the small current amplifier is connected with the controller; the input end of the high-current filter is connected with the output end of the high-current sensor, the output end of the high-current filter is connected with the input end of the high-current amplifier, and the output end of the high-current amplifier is connected with the controller; the output ends of the small current filter and the large current filter are connected to the comparator; the controller is internally preset with geographical position parameters, sampling intervals and a trigger threshold, the comparator compares a current signal with the trigger threshold, if the current signal does not exceed the trigger threshold, the equipment is in a sleep state, the controller is awakened at regular time according to the preset sampling intervals, the controller controls the current acquisition device to synchronously acquire the current signal and preprocess the current signal through the signal processing circuit to form current data, and the current data are sequentially sent to the upper computer; if the current signal exceeds a trigger threshold, the equipment enters a trigger working mode from a sleep state, and the controller controls the current collecting device to collect the current signal for multiple times and immediately send the current signal to an upper computer; the trigger threshold comprises a leakage current trigger threshold and a lightning current trigger threshold, the comparator compares leakage current acquired by the small current sensor with the leakage current trigger threshold, if the leakage current trigger threshold is exceeded, the controller wakes up the equipment to work, if the leakage current trigger threshold is exceeded, the comparator compares lightning current acquired by the large current sensor with the lightning current trigger threshold, and if the lightning current trigger threshold is exceeded, the controller wakes up the equipment to work; the clock module is used for carrying out time synchronization when the positioning equipment exchanges data with the upper computer and sending data according to required time when carrying out network timing with the upper computer; the communication device is connected with the output end of the controller and is used for transmitting the current signal output by the signal processing circuit to a positioning system of an upper computer;
after the current data of the positioning equipment is sent, a reply message of an upper computer positioning system is waited, if the specified data is not waited within overtime, the situation of unsuccessful sending occurs, the controller has an automatic resending function, the last data is resent, and the data is ensured not to be lost, wherein the function is realized by a program arranged in the controller; the controller also sends positioning equipment data to an upper computer, wherein the positioning equipment data comprises the temperature of the current acquisition device, the battery voltage of the power supply, the signal intensity of the communication device and the like, and the data are reported at regular time; the battery voltage is displayed on the upper computer, and the upper computer gives out early warning when the battery voltage is lower than the normal working voltage.
Preferably, the signal processing circuit further comprises a protection circuit arranged at the front end of the filter, so that the current sensor is prevented from generating overcurrent, overvoltage and the like, and other elements are prevented from being damaged; in the protection circuit, a voltage stabilizing diode is used for protecting the measurement circuit to prevent overvoltage input, and a self-recovery fuse Fu is used for preventing overcurrent damage of a current coil in the small current sensor and the large current sensor.
According to the scheme, the small current sensor is a core-through current transformer, and the large current sensor is a Rogowski coil. The core-through current transformer measures a small current from milliampere to several amperes, and the Rogowski coil has the characteristics of real-time current measurement, high response speed and no saturation, is suitable for alternating current, particularly high-frequency large current measurement, and measures a current from several amperes to hundreds of amperes.
According to the scheme, the communication device comprises an NB-IoT terminal connected to the output end of the signal processing circuit and an antenna connected to the NB-IoT terminal; the data transmission between the serial port equipment and the network upper computer is realized through an operator NB-IoT network, a wireless transmission mode is adopted, an NB-IoT protocol is adopted, and the data transmission is high in reliability and strong in stability.
According to the scheme, the power supply comprises the lithium battery and the power management module, and the power management module is arranged between the controller and the lithium battery to realize voltage conversion and battery discharge protection and management.
According to the scheme, the positioning equipment further comprises a shell with a hollow interior, and the current acquisition device, the signal processing circuit, the communication device and the power supply are all arranged in the shell; a through hole for the ground conductor to pass through is formed in the middle of the shell, and the through hole is located between the small current sensor and the small current sensor; the small current sensor and the large current sensor are overlapped at the installation position to form the current collecting device.
The transmission line fault positioning method for the leakage current of the transmission tower is characterized by comprising the following steps: with the fault positioning device, the fault positioning method comprises the following steps:
step 1): the method comprises the steps that geographical position parameters are preset by positioning equipment, and current signals of a grounding conductor of a transmission tower are collected, wherein the current signals comprise tower leakage current and tower lightning strike current; preprocessing the current signal and extracting an effective value to form current data and transmitting the current data to a positioning system;
step 2): the positioning system analyzes the size, frequency and waveform characteristics of the current data, judges whether the current data is fault current or not, and determines a fault position according to the detected fault current; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1): presetting a fault model, storing the fault model into a database, and classifying the data of the current in the fault model according to different class labels;
step 2.2): a first comparison module of the positioning unit judges whether the similarity of the current data, frequency and waveform characteristics and the fault model is greater than a first similarity threshold value; the second comparison module judges whether the similarity between the frequency and waveform characteristics of the current data and the early-stage normal current historical data of the tower is smaller than a second similarity threshold value or not; the third comparison module carries out linkage query on the current data according to the category label of the current data, and judges whether the frequency and waveform characteristics of the current data and the data similarity of the fault current under the same label are greater than a third similarity threshold value or not; after the current data is compared by the first comparison module, the second comparison module and the third comparison module, if the similarity between the current data and the fault model is greater than a first similarity threshold, the similarity between the current data and the tower earlier-stage normal current historical data is less than a second similarity threshold, and the similarity between the current data and the fault current under the same label is greater than a third similarity threshold, the current data is defined as 'fault current'; otherwise, defining the current data as "abnormal current".
Step 2.3): and the positioning unit determines the fault position according to the geographic position parameter of the current positioning equipment with the detected fault.
According to the scheme, the specific steps of the step 1) comprise:
step 1.1): after the positioning equipment is installed, the upper computer records and binds the number of the installed positioning equipment to complete the setting of the geographic position parameters; presetting a sampling interval and a trigger threshold in a controller; the trigger threshold comprises a leakage current trigger threshold and a lightning current trigger threshold;
step 1.2): the small current sensor collects tower leakage current at regular time according to sampling intervals, and the large current sensor collects tower lightning strike current according to the sampling intervals;
step 1.3): the comparator compares the leakage current collected by the small current sensor with a leakage current trigger threshold, and the comparator compares the lightning current collected by the large current sensor with a lightning current trigger threshold;
if the collected leakage current does not exceed the leakage current trigger threshold, the positioning equipment keeps a sleep state, and simultaneously, timed awakening is carried out according to a preset sampling interval, and the step 1.4 is carried out after awakening; if the collected leakage current exceeds a leakage current trigger threshold, the positioning equipment is immediately awakened from a sleep state and enters a working mode of the step 1.5);
if the collected lightning current does not exceed the lightning current trigger threshold, the positioning equipment keeps a sleep state, and simultaneously, timed awakening is carried out according to a preset sampling interval, and the step 1.4 is carried out after awakening; if the collected lightning current exceeds a lightning current trigger threshold, the positioning equipment is immediately awakened from a sleep state and enters a working mode of the step 1.5);
step 1.4): the current acquisition device synchronously acquires current signals according to the time of synchronization of the clock module and the upper computer, the signal processing circuit preprocesses the current signals to form current data, and the controller sequentially sends the current data to a database of the upper computer positioning system through the communication device to be stored to form normal current historical data;
step 1.5): the current acquisition device immediately acquires current signals, the signal processing circuit preprocesses the current signals to form current data, and the controller sends the current data to a positioning unit of the upper computer positioning system through the communication device.
According to the scheme, the first similarity threshold is 80% of current data in the fault model, the second similarity threshold is 20% of normal current historical data, and the third similarity threshold is 80% of fault current data under the same label in the fault model.
According to the scheme, the category labels of the fault model current data classification in the database comprise voltage levels, regions where the fault model current data are located, climatic environments, geological conditions and normal line load currents; and during linkage query, the third comparison module performs linkage query according to the category label of the current data, takes the voltage grade as a main label, and selects the latest fault current to perform frequency and waveform characteristic comparison under 4 labels of the same region, the same climatic environment, the same geological condition and the same load current.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the current collection of the positioning equipment is to sample the current of a grounding conductor of a power transmission tower pole, the current signal of the grounding conductor is used as basic data of line fault analysis instead of directly sampling on a lead, if the equipment is used for collecting the current on a line, the equipment on the line is directly interfered by high-voltage strong magnetism, the data collection is seriously influenced, the data are collected on the ground, the strong-voltage strong magnetism interference is far away, and the data collection accuracy is improved; furthermore, sampling is carried out from the grounding conductor, and the device is convenient to install and maintain, compared with high-altitude operation, the device is almost free from installation difficulty in flat ground operation, if the device needs to be maintained or elements are replaced, tedious tower-climbing application, high-altitude dangerous operation and other work are not needed, maintenance can be carried out at any time, if the device is installed on the tower, a professional is also needed, and the device does not need to be installed on the tower, so that the labor cost is saved, and the installation cost is low;
when the current data are positioned, the current is analyzed from multiple dimensions, including size, frequency and waveform characteristics, including transverse change characteristics and longitudinal change characteristics, and simultaneously, instant multi-data sampling analysis is carried out to compare different types.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the overall structure of a fault location device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the installation of the fault locating device of the embodiment of the present invention in actual use;
fig. 3 is a schematic external structural diagram of a positioning device in the fault positioning apparatus according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the upper internal structure of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the underside internal structure of FIG. 3;
fig. 6 is a schematic block circuit diagram of a positioning device in the fault positioning apparatus according to the present embodiment;
fig. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of a filter in the fault locating device of the present embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram of an amplifier in the fault locating device of the present embodiment;
fig. 9 is a schematic circuit diagram of a comparator in the fault location device of the present embodiment;
fig. 10 is a schematic circuit diagram of a comparator in the fault locating device of the present embodiment;
fig. 11 is a flowchart of a fault location method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. positioning equipment;
101. a current collection device; 101a, a small current sensor; 101b, a high current sensor;
102. a signal processing circuit; 1021. a controller; 1022. a filter; 1023. an amplifier; 1024. a comparator; 1025. a clock module;
103. a communication device; 104. a power supply;
105. a housing; 1051. a through hole;
2. a positioning system; 201. a database; 202. a positioning unit; 2021. a first comparison module; 2022. a second comparison module; 2023. a third comparison module;
3. a ground conductor;
4. and (4) an upper computer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 10, the present invention is a transmission line fault positioning device based on transmission tower leakage current, which includes a positioning apparatus 1 installed on a transmission tower grounding conductor 3 and a positioning system 2 installed in an upper computer 4; fig. 2 shows the installation positions of the positioning apparatus 1 and the positioning system 2;
the positioning device 1 is used for presetting geographic position parameters; the system is used for collecting current signals of the grounding conductor 3 of the transmission tower, wherein the current signals comprise tower leakage current and tower lightning strike current; the system is used for preprocessing the current signal and extracting an effective value to form current data and transmitting the current data to the positioning system 2;
the positioning system 2 is used for analyzing the size, frequency and waveform characteristics of the current data, judging whether the current data is fault current or not, and determining a fault position according to the positioning equipment 1 which detects the fault current; the positioning system 2 comprises a database 201 and a positioning unit 202; the database 201 is used for storing the collected current data, a fault model is preset in the database 201, and the current data in the fault model are classified according to different class labels; the positioning unit 202 includes a first comparing module 2021, a second comparing module 2022, and a third comparing module 2023; the first comparison module 2021 is configured to determine whether the similarity between the current data and the fault model is greater than a first similarity threshold; the second comparison module 2022 is configured to determine whether the similarity between the frequency and waveform characteristics of the current data and the tower earlier-stage normal current historical data is smaller than a second similarity threshold; the third comparing module 2023 is configured to perform linkage query on the current data according to the category tag where the current data is located, and determine whether the data similarity between the frequency and waveform characteristics of the current data and the fault current under the same tag is greater than a third similarity threshold; after the current data is compared by the first comparison module 2021, the second comparison module 2022 and the third comparison module 2023, if the similarity between the current data and the fault model is greater than a first similarity threshold, the similarity between the current data and the earlier-stage normal current historical data of the tower is less than a second similarity threshold, and the similarity between the current data and the fault current under the same label is greater than a third similarity threshold, defining the current data as a 'fault current', and determining the fault position according to the geographic position parameter of the positioning device 1; otherwise, defining the current data as "abnormal current".
With reference to fig. 3 to fig. 6, the positioning apparatus 1 includes a current collecting device 101, a signal processing circuit 102, a communication device 103, and a power supply 104 connected to power terminals of the current collecting device 101, the signal processing circuit 102, and the communication device 103; the positioning device 1 further comprises a hollow shell 105, wherein the current acquisition device 101, the signal processing circuit 102, the communication device 103 and the power supply 104 are arranged in the shell 105; the middle part of the shell 105 is provided with a through hole 1051 for the grounding conductor 3 to pass through, the coils of the small current sensor 101a and the large current sensor 101b are overlapped and installed on the installation position to form the current acquisition device 101, and the through holes 1051 pass through the coils of the current acquisition device 101 so that the grounding conductor 3 can pass through the coils of the small current sensor 101a and the large current sensor 101 b. The current collecting device 101 is fixed on the grounding conductor 3 of the tower through a core-through method, and the current of the grounding conductor 3 is measured in an induction mode.
The current acquisition device 101 is connected to the input end of the signal processing circuit 102 and used for acquiring current signals of the grounding conductor 3, and the current acquisition device 101 comprises a small current sensor 101a for acquiring leakage current of a tower and a large current sensor 101b for acquiring lightning current of the tower; the output ends of the small current sensor 101a and the large current sensor 101b are connected to the input end of the signal processing circuit 102; the current signals are divided into three types:
the first method comprises the following steps: normal leakage current of the tower comprises leakage current passing through a line arrester and a line insulator and induced current of the tower caused by an environmental electromagnetic field; and the second method comprises the following steps: the lightning current, namely the lightning current generated when a conductor or a tower body is struck by lightning, is collected by the current collecting device 101 through the lightning current component shunted by the grounding conductor 3; and the third is that: the line itself generates an abnormal sudden current, and the amount of current shunted through the ground conductor 3. The first current and the third current are collected by a small current sensor 101a, and the small current from milliampere to several amperes is mainly measured; the lightning current is collected by a large current sensor 101 b; in this embodiment, the small current sensor 101a is a feedthrough current transformer, and the large current sensor 101b is a rogowski coil.
The signal processing circuit 102 is configured to perform preprocessing and effective value extraction on a current signal to form current data, and the signal processing circuit 102 includes a controller 1021, a filter 1022, an amplifier 1023, a comparator 1024, and a clock module 1025, which are all connected to the controller 1021; the filter 1022 is configured to extract an effective value of the sampled current signal, and filter non-effective values such as external interference and clutter; the amplifier 1023 is used for amplifying the extracted effective value for further analysis; the comparator 1024 is used for comparing the current signal with a set threshold value, and once the current signal exceeds the threshold value, the equipment is awakened to work; the clock module 1025 is used for carrying out time synchronization and ensuring that the equipment sends data according to the required time when exchanging data with the upper computer 4; meanwhile, when the upper computer 4 needs a plurality of positioning devices 1 to perform synchronous sampling, the time synchronization of the dispersed devices can be ensured.
Referring to fig. 6 to 10, the filter 1022 includes a small current filter and a large current filter, and fig. 7 shows a circuit configuration of the small current filter, and the large current filter and the small current filter have the same circuit configuration; the input ends of the small current filter and the large current filter are also provided with protection circuits, fig. 10 shows the circuit structure of the protection circuit of the small current filter, a voltage stabilizing diode is used for protecting the measurement circuit, the overvoltage input is prevented, a self-recovery fuse Fu is used for preventing the leakage current coil from being damaged by overcurrent, and the circuit structures of the large current filter protection circuit and the small current filter protection circuit are the same; the amplifier 1023 includes a small-current amplifier and a large-current amplifier, and fig. 8 shows a circuit structure of the small-current amplifier, and the large-current amplifier and the small-current amplifier have the same circuit structure; the input end of the small current filter is connected with the output end of the small current sensor 101a, the output end of the small current filter is connected with the input end of the small current amplifier, and the output end of the small current amplifier is connected with the controller 1021; the input end of the high-current filter is connected with the output end of the high-current sensor 101b, the output end of the high-current filter is connected with the input end of the high-current amplifier, and the output end of the high-current amplifier is connected with the controller 1021; the output terminals of the small current filter and the large current filter are both connected to the input terminal of the comparator 1024, and fig. 9 shows the circuit structure of the comparator 1024; in this embodiment, the controller 1021 is a microcontroller 1021STM32L151C8T6A of an ideogrammic; the clock module 1025 provides accurate timing information for the controller 1021, and the date and time sent by the communication device 103 and an operator are synchronized to realize the synchronization of the positioning device 1 and the actual time; in this embodiment, the clock module 1025 employs a real-time clock chip DS3231SN of MAXIM (american letter).
Geographic position parameters, sampling intervals and trigger thresholds are preset in the controller 1021, the comparator 1024 compares current signals with the trigger thresholds, if the current signals do not exceed the trigger thresholds, the equipment is in a sleep state, the controller 1021 wakes up at regular time according to the preset sampling intervals, the controller 1021 controls the current acquisition device 101 to synchronously acquire the current signals, the current signals are preprocessed through the signal processing circuit 102 to form current data, and the current data are sequentially sent to the upper computer 4; if the current signal exceeds the trigger threshold, the equipment enters a trigger working mode from a sleep state, and the controller 1021 controls the current acquisition device 101 to acquire the current signal and immediately send the current signal to the upper computer 4; the trigger threshold comprises a leakage current trigger threshold and a lightning current trigger threshold, the comparator 1024 compares leakage current acquired by the small current sensor 101a with the leakage current trigger threshold, if the leakage current trigger threshold is exceeded, the controller 1021 wakes up the equipment to work, the comparator 1024 compares lightning current acquired by the large current sensor 101b with the lightning current trigger threshold, and if the lightning current trigger threshold is exceeded, the controller 1021 wakes up the equipment to work; the clock module 1025 is used for performing time synchronization when the positioning device 1 exchanges data with the upper computer 4, and sending data according to required time.
The communication device 103 is connected with the controller 1021 and is used for transmitting the current signal output by the signal processing circuit 102 to the positioning system 2 of the upper computer 4; the communication device 103 comprises an NB-IoT terminal connected to the output end of the signal processing circuit 102 and an antenna connected to the NB-IoT terminal, and performs data communication between the positioning device 1 and the upper computer 4 positioning system 2 in a wireless manner (NB-IoT); in this embodiment, the communication device 103 is an NB-IoT terminal manufactured by remote communication and having a model BC 28.
The power supply 104 comprises a lithium battery and a power management module connected to the lithium battery, the lithium battery is a normal-temperature special lithium battery ER34615M and a low-temperature special lithium battery HRD-34615 of Guangxi Ruyi New energy resource Limited company, the power management module comprises a micro XB6006A2 chip for protecting and managing the discharge of the lithium battery, the power management module further comprises a low-power-consumption linear voltage stabilization chip XC6206P332MR, and the voltage stabilization chip is used for stabilizing the output voltage of the lithium battery and supplying the output voltage to the controller 1021MCU to serve as the working voltage of the controller 1021.
The positioning system 2 also has an automatic learning function, can intelligently compare the data sampled on site with the actual fault data, continuously improves the data judgment capability and has an intelligent analysis function; the specific implementation mode of automatic learning is as follows: the upper computer 4 positioning system 2 has a function of guiding a fault model, when a line actually breaks down, the power grid is provided with a set of current parameter and waveform recording device, the parameters and waveforms recorded by the power grid can be guided into the upper computer 4 positioning system 2 at the later stage of the fault, the positioning system 2 can compare the current collected by the field device with the guided current of the actual fault type, and the upper computer 4 can be more and more perfect in the aspects of judging the fault type and the fault accuracy after long-term and large-scale comparison.
Referring to fig. 11, the invention further provides a transmission line fault location method of the transmission tower leakage current, and the transmission line fault location device based on the transmission tower leakage current is used, and the fault location method comprises the following steps:
step 1): the positioning equipment 1 presets geographical position parameters and acquires current signals of the grounding conductor 3 of the transmission tower, wherein the current signals comprise tower leakage current and tower lightning strike current; preprocessing the current signal and extracting an effective value to form current data and transmitting the current data to the positioning system 2; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1): after the positioning equipment 1 is installed, the upper computer 4 records and binds the number of the installed positioning equipment 1 to complete the setting of the geographic position parameters; a sampling interval and a trigger threshold are preset in the controller 1021; the trigger threshold comprises a leakage current trigger threshold and a lightning current trigger threshold;
step 1.2): the small current sensor 101a collects tower leakage current signals at regular time according to sampling intervals, and the large current sensor 101b collects tower lightning stroke signals according to the sampling intervals; the measured current signal should contain the following physical parameters: the current amplitude, effective value, frequency and phase are obtained, and meanwhile, the current signal is subjected to rolling wave recording, so that the original oscillogram of the current in the early stage of abnormal occurrence can be inquired; step 1.3): the comparator 1024 compares the leakage current collected by the small current sensor 101a with a leakage current trigger threshold, and the comparator 1024 compares the lightning current collected by the large current sensor 101b with a lightning current trigger threshold;
if the collected leakage current does not exceed the leakage current trigger threshold, the positioning equipment 1 keeps a sleep state, and simultaneously performs timed awakening according to a preset sampling interval, and enters the step 1.4 after awakening); if the collected leakage current exceeds the leakage current trigger threshold, the positioning equipment 1 is immediately awakened from a sleep state and enters a working mode of the step 1.5);
if the collected lightning current does not exceed the lightning current trigger threshold, the positioning equipment 1 keeps a sleep state, and simultaneously, timed awakening is carried out according to a preset sampling interval, and the step 1.4 is carried out after awakening; if the collected lightning current exceeds the lightning current trigger threshold, the positioning equipment 1 is immediately awakened from a sleep state and enters a working mode of the step 1.5);
step 1.4): the current acquisition device 101 acquires current signals synchronously according to the time synchronization of the clock module 1025 and the upper computer 4, the signal processing circuit 102 preprocesses the current signals to form current data, and the controller 1021 sends the current data to the database 201 of the upper computer 4 positioning system 2 through the communication device 103 in sequence to be stored to form normal current historical data;
step 1.5): the current acquisition device 101 immediately acquires current signals, the signal processing circuit 102 preprocesses the current signals to form current data, and the controller 1021 transmits the current data to the positioning unit 202 of the positioning system 2 of the upper computer 4 through the communication device 103.
Step 2): the positioning system 2 analyzes the size, frequency and waveform characteristics of the current data, judges whether the current data is fault current or not, and determines a fault position according to the detected fault current; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1): presetting a fault model, storing the fault model into a database 201, and classifying the data of the current in the fault model according to different class labels;
step 2.2): the first comparison module 2021 of the positioning unit 202 determines whether the similarity between the current data and the fault model is greater than a first similarity threshold; the second comparison module 2022 determines whether the similarity between the frequency and waveform characteristics of the current data and the tower earlier-stage normal current historical data is less than a second similarity threshold; the third comparing module 2023 performs linkage query on the current data according to the category label of the current data, and determines whether the frequency and waveform characteristics of the current data are more than a third similarity threshold with the data similarity of the fault current under the same label, where the category label of the fault model current data classification in the database 201 includes voltage class, region where the fault model current data is located, climate environment, geological conditions, and normal load current of the line; during linkage query, the third comparison module 2023 performs linkage query according to the category label where the current data is located, and selects the latest fault current to perform frequency and waveform characteristic comparison under 4 labels of the same region, the same climate environment, the same geological condition and the same load current by taking the voltage grade as a main label; the first similarity threshold is 80% of current data in the fault model, the second similarity threshold is 20% of normal current historical data, and the third similarity threshold is 80% of fault current data under the same label in the fault model; after the current data is compared by the first comparison module 2021, the second comparison module 2022 and the third comparison module 2023, if the similarity between the current data and the fault model is greater than the first similarity threshold, the similarity between the current data and the earlier-stage normal current historical data of the tower is less than the second similarity threshold, and the similarity between the current data and the fault current under the same label is greater than the third similarity threshold, the current data is defined as "fault current"; otherwise, defining the current data as "abnormal current".
Step 2.3): the positioning unit 202 obtains the actual geographic position of the positioning device 1 according to the geographic position parameter of the detected fault current positioning device 1, and determines the fault position.
The following description will take 10 positioning devices installed on site as an example:
the method comprises the following steps that 10 positioning devices are respectively installed on a transmission tower grounding conductor, under the condition of normal electrification, a current with a fixed range value flows through the grounding conductor, under the condition that the current has no obvious abnormal sudden change or the change amplitude is smaller than a trigger threshold value, the positioning devices can keep a sleep state and can be awakened at regular time according to a preset sampling interval time, and the 10 devices can ensure synchronous data acquisition according to parameters set by an internal clock module 1025; and after the collection is finished, sequentially sending the current data to an upper computer as normal current historical data.
If the currents of the 4, 5 and 6 positioning devices in the 10 devices are suddenly changed due to abnormal reasons and the current signal value reaches a set trigger threshold value, the 3 devices immediately enter a trigger working mode from a sleep state, sample current data and immediately send the current data to the upper computer positioning system as abnormal current data;
when the upper computer receives abnormal current data, the first comparison module 2021 analyzes the size, frequency and waveform characteristics of the current, and compares the current with the current data of the fault models such as short circuit, grounding, disconnection and the like stored in the database 201; meanwhile, the second comparison module 2022 compares the tower earlier-stage normal current historical data with the current abnormal current, and determines whether there is a quantitative difference between the current and the historical current value in terms of frequency and waveform characteristics; the current data in the database 201 of the upper computer 4 can be classified in advance according to 5 labels, namely voltage grades, regions, climatic environments, geological conditions and normal load currents of lines, when new abnormal current data appear, the third comparison module 2023 carries out linkage query according to the classification label of the abnormal current data, the voltage grades are used as main labels, and the frequency and waveform characteristic comparison is carried out if the latest fault current is selected under 4 labels of the same region, the same climatic environment, the same geological condition and the same load current.
If the current data of the current anomaly is 80% similar to the model data under the comparison conditions of the 3 items, the frequency of the current data of the current anomaly is inconsistent with the frequency of the previous normal historical data, the waveform similarity is less than 20%, and the fault current similarity under the same label is 80%, the current data of the current anomaly is defined as 'fault current', and if the current data of the current anomaly does not meet the requirements, the current data of the current anomaly is defined as 'abnormal current'. In the upper computer positioning system, the towers No. 4, 5 and 6 are highlighted, and the position of the explicit fault area is between 4 and 6. When the fault current is positioned, the alarm is actively pushed on the interface of the upper computer, and when the fault current is positioned, the alarm cannot be actively pushed, but the abnormal current event can be recorded so as to inquire by personnel in a power supply network.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the present invention that is presented in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the practice of the invention is not to be considered limited to those descriptions. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. Transmission line fault positioning device based on transmission tower leaks current, its characterized in that: the device comprises a positioning device (1) arranged on a transmission tower grounding conductor (3) and a positioning system (2) arranged in an upper computer (4);
the positioning device (1) is used for presetting geographic position parameters; the device is used for collecting current signals of a grounding conductor (3) of a transmission tower, wherein the current signals comprise tower leakage current and tower lightning strike current; the device is used for preprocessing the current signal and extracting an effective value to form current data and transmitting the current data to the positioning system (2);
the positioning system (2) is used for analyzing the size, frequency and waveform characteristics of the current data, judging whether the current data is fault current or not, and determining a fault position according to the positioning equipment (1) which detects the fault current; the positioning system (2) comprises a database (201) and a positioning unit (202);
the database (201) is used for storing the collected current data, a fault model is preset in the database (201), and the current data in the fault model are classified according to different class labels;
the positioning unit (202) comprises a first comparison module (2021), a second comparison module (2022) and a third comparison module (2023); the first comparison module (2021) is used for judging whether the similarity between the current data and the fault model is larger than a first similarity threshold value or not; the second comparison module (2022) is used for judging whether the similarity between the frequency and waveform characteristics of the current data and the tower early-stage normal current historical data is smaller than a second similarity threshold value; the third comparison module (2023) is used for performing linkage query on the current data according to the category label of the current data, and judging whether the data similarity of the frequency and waveform characteristics of the current data and the fault current under the same label is greater than a third similarity threshold value or not; after the current data is compared by the first comparison module (2021), the second comparison module (2022) and the third comparison module (2023), if the similarity between the current data and a fault model is greater than a first similarity threshold, the similarity between the current data and the earlier-stage normal current historical data of the tower is less than a second similarity threshold, and the similarity between the current data and the fault current under the same label is greater than a third similarity threshold, defining the current data as 'fault current', and determining the fault position according to the geographic position parameter of the positioning device (1); otherwise, defining the current data as "abnormal current".
2. The transmission line fault positioning device based on transmission tower leakage current according to claim 1, characterized in that: the positioning equipment (1) comprises a current acquisition device (101), a signal processing circuit (102), a communication device (103) and a power supply (104) connected to power ends of the current acquisition device (101), the signal processing circuit (102) and the communication device (103); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the current acquisition device (101) is connected to the input end of the signal processing circuit (102) and used for acquiring current signals of the grounding conductor (3), and the current acquisition device (101) comprises a small current sensor (101a) used for acquiring leakage current of a tower and a large current sensor (101b) used for acquiring lightning current of the tower; the output ends of the small current sensor (101a) and the large current sensor (101b) are connected to the input end of the signal processing circuit (102);
the signal processing circuit (102) is used for preprocessing a current signal and extracting an effective value to form current data, and the signal processing circuit (102) comprises a controller (1021), and a filter (1022), an amplifier (1023), a comparator (1024) and a clock module (1025) which are all connected with the controller (1021); the filter (1022) comprises a low-current filter and a high-current filter, the amplifier (1023) comprises a low-current amplifier and a high-current amplifier, the input end of the low-current filter is connected with the output end of the low-current sensor (101a), the output end of the low-current filter is connected with the input end of the low-current amplifier, and the output end of the low-current amplifier is connected with the controller (1021); the input end of the high-current filter is connected with the output end of the high-current sensor (101b), the output end of the high-current filter is connected with the input end of the high-current amplifier, and the output end of the high-current amplifier is connected with the controller (1021); the output ends of the low-current filter and the high-current filter are connected to a comparator (1024); geographic position parameters, sampling intervals and trigger thresholds are preset in the controller (1021), the comparator (1024) compares current signals with the trigger thresholds, if the current signals do not exceed the trigger thresholds, the equipment is in a sleep state, the controller (1021) is awakened at regular time according to the preset sampling intervals, the controller (1021) controls the current acquisition device (101) to synchronously acquire the current signals, the current signals are preprocessed through the signal processing circuit (102) to form current data, and the current data are sent to the upper computer (4) in sequence; if the current signal exceeds a trigger threshold value, the equipment enters a trigger working mode from a sleep state, and the controller (1021) controls the current acquisition device (101) to acquire the current signal for multiple times and immediately send the current signal to the upper computer (4); the trigger threshold comprises a leakage current trigger threshold and a lightning current trigger threshold, the comparator (1024) compares leakage current collected by the small current sensor (101a) with the leakage current trigger threshold, if the leakage current trigger threshold is exceeded, the controller (1021) wakes up the equipment to work, the comparator (1024) compares lightning current collected by the large current sensor (101b) with the lightning current trigger threshold, and if the lightning current trigger threshold is exceeded, the controller (1021) wakes up the equipment to work; the clock module (1025) is used for carrying out time synchronization when the positioning equipment (1) and the upper computer (4) carry out data exchange and sending data according to the required time;
the communication device (103) is connected with the controller (1021) and is used for transmitting the current signal output by the signal processing circuit (102) to the positioning system (2) of the upper computer (4).
3. The transmission line fault positioning device based on transmission tower leakage current according to claim 2, characterized in that: the small current sensor (101a) is a core-through current transformer, and the large current sensor (101b) is a Rogowski coil.
4. The transmission line fault positioning device based on transmission tower leakage current according to claim 2, characterized in that: the communication device (103) comprises an NB-IoT terminal connected to the output end of the signal processing circuit (102) and an antenna connected to the NB-IoT terminal.
5. The transmission line fault positioning device based on transmission tower leakage current according to claim 2, characterized in that: the power supply (104) comprises a lithium battery and a power management module.
6. The transmission line fault positioning device based on transmission tower leakage current according to claim 2, characterized in that: the positioning equipment (1) further comprises a hollow shell (105), and the current acquisition device (101), the signal processing circuit (102), the communication device (103) and the power supply (104) are all arranged in the shell (105); a through hole (1051) for the grounding conductor (3) to pass through is formed in the middle of the shell (105), the coils of the small current sensor (101a) and the large current sensor (101b) are mounted in a superposition mode in the mounting position, and the through hole (1051) is located in the coils.
7. A transmission line fault positioning method based on transmission tower leakage current is characterized in that: using the fault location device of any of claims 1 to 6, the fault location method steps comprising:
step 1): the method comprises the steps that geographical position parameters are preset by positioning equipment (1), and current signals of a transmission tower grounding conductor (3) are collected, wherein the current signals comprise tower leakage current and tower lightning strike current; preprocessing the current signal, extracting an effective value to form current data and transmitting the current data to a positioning system (2);
step 2): the positioning system (2) analyzes the size, frequency and waveform characteristics of the current data, judges whether the current data is fault current or not, and determines a fault position according to the detected fault current; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1): presetting a fault model, storing the fault model into a database (201), and classifying the data of the current in the fault model according to different class labels;
step 2.2): a first comparison module (2021) of the positioning unit (202) judges whether the similarity of the current data, the frequency and the waveform characteristics and the fault model is greater than a first similarity threshold value; the second comparison module (2022) judges whether the similarity between the frequency and waveform characteristics of the current data and the tower earlier-stage normal current historical data is smaller than a second similarity threshold value; the third comparison module (2023) carries out linkage query on the current data according to the category label of the current data, and judges whether the data similarity of the frequency and waveform characteristics of the current data and the fault current under the same label is greater than a third similarity threshold value or not; after the current data is compared by the first comparison module (2021), the second comparison module (2022) and the third comparison module (2023), if the similarity between the current data and the fault model is greater than a first similarity threshold, the similarity between the current data and the earlier-stage normal current historical data of the tower is less than a second similarity threshold, and the similarity between the current data and the fault current under the same label is greater than a third similarity threshold, the current data is defined as 'fault current'; otherwise, defining the current data as abnormal current;
step 2.3): the locating unit (202) determines the fault location according to the geographical location parameter of the current locating device (1) detecting the fault.
8. The transmission line fault positioning method based on transmission tower leakage current according to claim 7, characterized in that: the specific steps of the step 1) comprise:
step 1.1): after the positioning equipment (1) is installed, the upper computer (4) records and binds the number of the installed positioning equipment (1) to complete the setting of the geographic position parameters; presetting a sampling interval and a trigger threshold value in a controller (1021); the trigger threshold comprises a leakage current trigger threshold and a lightning current trigger threshold;
step 1.2): the small current sensor (101a) collects tower leakage current at regular time according to sampling intervals, and the large current sensor (101b) collects tower lightning strike current according to the sampling intervals;
step 1.3): the comparator (1024) compares the leakage current collected by the small current sensor (101a) with a leakage current trigger threshold, and the comparator (1024) compares the lightning current collected by the large current sensor (101b) with a lightning current trigger threshold;
if the collected leakage current does not exceed the leakage current trigger threshold, the positioning equipment (1) keeps a sleep state, and meanwhile, timing awakening is carried out according to a preset sampling interval, and the step 1.4 is carried out after awakening; if the collected leakage current exceeds a leakage current trigger threshold, the positioning equipment (1) is immediately awakened from a sleep state and enters a working mode of the step 1.5);
if the collected lightning current does not exceed the lightning current trigger threshold, the positioning equipment (1) keeps a sleep state, and meanwhile, timing awakening is carried out according to a preset sampling interval, and the step 1.4 is carried out after awakening; if the collected lightning current exceeds a lightning current trigger threshold, the positioning equipment (1) is immediately awakened from a sleep state and enters a working mode of the step 1.5);
step 1.4): the current acquisition device (101) acquires current signals according to the time synchronization of the clock module (1025) and the upper computer (4), the signal processing circuit (102) preprocesses the current signals to form current data, and the controller (1021) sends the current data to the database (201) of the positioning system (2) of the upper computer (4) through the communication device (103) in sequence to be stored to form normal current historical data;
step 1.5): the current acquisition device (101) acquires current signals immediately, the signal processing circuit (102) preprocesses the current signals to form current data, and the controller (1021) sends the current data to the positioning unit (202) of the positioning system (2) of the upper computer (4) through the communication device (103).
9. The transmission line fault positioning method based on transmission tower leakage current according to claim 7, characterized in that: the first similarity threshold is 80% of current data in the fault model, the second similarity threshold is 20% of normal current historical data, and the third similarity threshold is 80% of fault current data under the same label in the fault model.
10. The transmission line fault positioning method based on transmission tower leakage current according to claim 7, characterized in that: the class labels of the fault model current data classification in the database (201) comprise voltage grade, regions where the fault model current data are located, climatic environment, geological conditions and normal line load current; and during linkage query, the third comparison module (2023) performs linkage query according to the category label of the current data, takes the voltage grade as a main label, and selects the latest fault current to perform frequency and waveform characteristic comparison under 4 labels of the same region, the same climate environment, the same geological condition and the same load current.
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