CN110764261B - Optical waveguide structure, AR equipment optical imaging system and AR equipment - Google Patents
Optical waveguide structure, AR equipment optical imaging system and AR equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN110764261B CN110764261B CN201910881498.XA CN201910881498A CN110764261B CN 110764261 B CN110764261 B CN 110764261B CN 201910881498 A CN201910881498 A CN 201910881498A CN 110764261 B CN110764261 B CN 110764261B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0174—Head mounted characterised by optical features holographic
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical waveguide structure, an AR (augmented reality) device optical imaging system and an AR device, which comprise an optical waveguide main body, an entrance pupil area for coupling light ray information into the interior of the optical waveguide main body, an expansion pupil area for expanding the light ray information coupled into the optical waveguide main body, an exit pupil area for coupling the light ray information subjected to expansion pupil processing into human eyes, and two recovery gratings for further recovering the light ray information reversely propagated from the entrance pupil area; the entrance pupil area, the expanding pupil area and the exit pupil area are arranged on the surface of the waveguide main body; the entrance pupil area is a surface relief 2D grating, the expanding pupil area is an inclined grating, the exit pupil area is a volume holographic grating, and the recovery grating is an inclined grating. The system improves the entrance pupil coupling efficiency, adopts an optimal pupil expanding mode and improves the influence of the color diffraction fringes of the waveguide exit pupil area under the illumination of ambient light.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical imaging systems, in particular to an optical waveguide structure, an AR (augmented reality) device optical imaging system and an AR device.
Background
The near-eye display technology is one of the key technologies that must be used in current AR glasses. The near-eye display system generally comprises an image source and an optical transmission system, wherein image pictures sent by the image source are transmitted to human eyes through the optical transmission system. The optical transmission system needs to have a certain transmittance, so that the wearer can see the external environment while seeing the image.
For optical transmission systems, there are many schemes in the industry, such as free space optics, free form optics, and display light guides. The optical waveguide technology is a mainstream path of each large company obviously due to other optical schemes due to the characteristics of large eye movement range and light and thin property of the optical waveguide technology.
However, the existing optical waveguide system has the following problems: 1. the system entrance pupil coupling efficiency of the optical waveguide is low, and the ambient stray light brings the colored stray light of the image; 2. some optical waveguide systems cause crosstalk between waveguides in order to enlarge a field angle; 3. some optical waveguide systems cannot realize two-dimensional pupil expansion and have large volumes.
Disclosure of Invention
To overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention provides an optical waveguide structure, an optical imaging system of an AR device, and an AR device, which improve the entrance pupil coupling efficiency, adopt an optimal pupil expanding manner, and improve the color diffraction fringe effect of the exit pupil region of the waveguide under ambient light irradiation.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems in the prior art is as follows: an optical waveguide structure comprises an optical waveguide body, an entrance pupil area for coupling light ray information into the interior of the optical waveguide body, an expansion pupil area for expanding the light ray information coupled into the optical waveguide body, an exit pupil area for coupling the light ray information subjected to expansion pupil processing into human eyes, and two recovery gratings for further recovering the light ray information reversely propagated from the entrance pupil area; the entrance pupil area, the expanding pupil area and the exit pupil area are arranged on the surface of the waveguide main body; the entrance pupil area is a surface relief 2D grating, the exit pupil area is an inclined grating, the exit pupil area is a volume holographic grating, and the recovery grating is an inclined grating.
Wherein, the period range of the surface relief 2D grating is 100 nm-400 nm, and the height range is 10 nm-300 nm.
Wherein the inclination angle range of the inclined grating is 0-50 degrees, and the length difference between the top surface and the bottom surface is 0-100 nm.
Wherein the period range of the volume holographic grating is 10 nm-400 nm, and the height is 5 nm-500 nm.
The optical waveguide main body is made of materials with the refractive index of 1.5-2.3, and the thickness range is 0.2 mm-1.2 mm.
The refractive index ranges of the surface relief 2D grating, the inclined grating and the volume holographic grating are 1.5-2.3.
The surface relief 2D grating, the inclined grating and the volume holographic grating are provided with surface coatings, the thickness of each surface coating is 0-80 nm, and the refractive index of each surface coating is 1.5-2.3.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems in the prior art is as follows: an optical imaging system of an AR device comprises a micro display module and the optical waveguide structure.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems in the prior art is as follows: an AR device comprises the optical imaging system of the AR device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
according to the optical waveguide structure, the optical imaging system of the AR equipment and the AR equipment, the optical waveguide structure improves the system efficiency under the condition that the grating waveguide function is not influenced, and the influence of color stripes of ambient light is eliminated while the color brightness uniformity of an image is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of an optical waveguide structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of light propagation for a first embodiment of an optical waveguide of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of an optical waveguide structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the propagation of light in K-space of a second embodiment of an optical waveguide according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a third embodiment of an optical waveguide structure in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the light propagating in K-space of a third embodiment of an optical waveguide according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a fourth embodiment of an optical waveguide structure in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the light propagating in K-space of a fourth embodiment of an optical waveguide according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a fifth embodiment of an optical waveguide structure in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the propagation of light in K-space for a fifth embodiment of an optical waveguide according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a sixth embodiment of an optical waveguide structure in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic representation of the propagation of light in K-space for a sixth embodiment of an optical waveguide according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a seventh embodiment of an optical waveguide structure in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the propagation of light in K-space of a seventh embodiment of an optical waveguide according to the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a block diagram of an eighth embodiment of an optical waveguide structure in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the propagation of light in K-space for an eighth embodiment of an optical waveguide according to the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a block diagram of a ninth embodiment of an optical waveguide structure in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of the light propagating in K-space for a ninth embodiment of an optical waveguide according to the present invention;
reference numbers in the figures: 1-the entrance pupil zone; 2-a pupil expanding region; 3-exit pupil zone.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Referring to fig. 1, a first embodiment of the present invention is an optical waveguide structure, which includes a transmission body of the optical waveguide structure, and the transmission body is provided with an entrance pupil region 1 for guiding incident light into the transmission body, an exit pupil region 2 for expanding the incident light, and an exit pupil region 3 for coupling the light into human eyes and having a function of expanding pupil. Specifically, the incident light is guided into the transmission body from the entrance pupil region 1, and after reaching the pupil expanding region 2, the light undergoes pupil expansion, and a part of the light passing through the pupil expanding region is coupled into the human eye through the exit pupil region 3.
As shown in fig. 2: further, the transmission body has a total reflection property, so that the introduced light is constrained to propagate in the transmission body.
As shown in fig. 3, in the second embodiment of the present invention, the entrance pupil region 1, the exit pupil region 2 and the exit pupil region 3 are distributed in the region of the transmission body, the entrance pupil region 1 and the exit pupil region 2 use surface relief gratings, specifically, the surface relief grating in the entrance pupil region 1 is a tilted grating with a fixed period, and the surface relief grating in the exit pupil region 2 is a tilted grating or a binary grating with a fixed period, but parameters such as duty ratio and height are modulated with position; the exit pupil region 3 adopts a volume holographic grating, specifically, the period of the volume holographic grating is fixed, and the modulation depth of the grating gradually changes with the position.
As shown in fig. 4: in the K-space distribution diagram of the second embodiment, it can be seen that the light ray propagates through the entrance pupil region 1 to the exit pupil region 3 and then propagates through the exit pupil region 2 to the exit pupil region 2.
As shown in fig. 5, in the third embodiment of the present invention, the entrance pupil region 1, the exit pupil region 2 and the exit pupil region 3 are distributed in the region on the transmission body, the entrance pupil region 1 and the exit pupil region 2 use surface relief gratings, specifically, the surface relief grating in the entrance pupil region 1 is a binary grating with a fixed period and modulated parameters such as duty ratio and height with position, and the surface relief grating in the exit pupil region 2 is an inclined grating or a binary grating with a fixed period and modulated parameters such as duty ratio and height with position; the exit pupil region 3 adopts a volume holographic grating, specifically, the period of the volume holographic grating is fixed, and the modulation depth of the grating gradually changes with the position.
As shown in fig. 6: in the K-space distribution diagram of the third embodiment, it can be seen that the light ray propagates to the two pupil expansion regions 2 in the entrance pupil region 1 divided into left and right sides, and propagates to the exit pupil region 3 through the two pupil expansion regions 2.
As shown in fig. 7, in the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the entrance pupil region 1, the exit pupil region 2 and the exit pupil region 3 are distributed on the transmission body, the entrance pupil region 1 uses a surface relief grating, specifically, the surface relief grating in the entrance pupil region 1 is a binary grating with a period fixed inclined grating, and the exit pupil region 2 and the exit pupil region 3 use a volume hologram 2D grating.
As shown in fig. 8: in the K-space distribution diagram of the fourth embodiment, it can be seen that the light ray propagates through the entrance pupil region 1 toward the exit pupil region 2 and then through the exit pupil region 3 toward both sides of the entrance pupil region 2.
As shown in fig. 9, in the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the entrance pupil region 1, the exit pupil region 2 and the exit pupil region 3 are distributed on the transmission body, the entrance pupil region 1 adopts a surface relief grating, specifically, the surface relief grating in the entrance pupil region 1 is a surface relief 2D grating, the exit pupil region 2 and the exit pupil region 3 adopt a volume hologram 2D grating, specifically, the exit pupil region 3 and the exit pupil region 2 are overlapped to form a volume hologram 2D grating having both an exit pupil and an exit pupil.
As shown in fig. 10: the K-space distribution diagram of the fifth embodiment shows that, in the K-space diagram, light propagates bilaterally through the surface relief 2D grating of the entrance pupil region 1 to the volume hologram 2D grating formed by the overlapping of the pupil expanding region 2 and the exit pupil region 3.
As shown in fig. 11, the regions of the entrance pupil region 1, the expansion pupil region 2 and the exit pupil region 3 on the transmission body are distributed, the entrance pupil region 1 adopts a surface relief grating, specifically, the surface relief grating in the entrance pupil region 1 is a surface relief 2D grating, the expansion pupil region 2 and the exit pupil region 3 adopt a volume hologram 2D grating, specifically, the expansion pupil region 2 and the exit pupil region 3 are overlapped to form a volume hologram 2D grating having both the expansion pupil and the exit pupil. Meanwhile, two recovery gratings are added at the entrance pupil region 1, the recovery gratings are inclined gratings, and furthermore, a part of light rays which are reversely transmitted through the entrance pupil region 1 are collected back to the entrance pupil region 1 through the recovery gratings, so that the effect of improving the whole light efficiency is achieved.
As shown in fig. 12: in the K-space distribution diagram of the sixth embodiment, it can be seen that, in the K-space diagram, a part of the light rays passing through the surface relief 2D grating in the entrance pupil region 1 propagates to both sides to form the volume hologram 2D grating overlapped by the pupil expanding region 2 and the exit pupil region 3, and another part of the light rays reversely propagating through the entrance pupil region 1 are collected back to the entrance pupil region 1 again by the recovery grating.
As shown in fig. 13, in the seventh embodiment of the present invention, the entrance pupil region 1, the expansion pupil region 2 and the exit pupil region 3 are distributed on the transmission body, the entrance pupil region 1 adopts a surface relief grating, specifically, the surface relief grating in the entrance pupil region 1 is a surface relief 2D grating, the expansion pupil region 2 adopts an inclined grating, and the exit pupil region 3 adopts a volume holographic grating.
As shown in fig. 14: the K-space distribution diagram of the seventh embodiment shows that the surface relief 2D grating passing through the entrance pupil region 1 propagates to both sides to the exit pupil region 3 after passing through the exit pupil region 2.
As shown in fig. 15, in the eighth embodiment of the present invention, the entrance pupil region 1, the expansion pupil region 2 and the exit pupil region 3 are distributed on the transmission body, the entrance pupil region 1 adopts a surface relief grating, specifically, the surface relief grating in the entrance pupil region 1 is a surface relief 2D grating, the expansion pupil region 2 adopts an inclined grating, and the exit pupil region 3 adopts a volume holographic grating. Meanwhile, two recovery gratings are added at the entrance pupil region 1, the recovery gratings are inclined gratings, and furthermore, a part of light rays which are reversely transmitted through the entrance pupil region 1 are collected back to the entrance pupil region 1 through the recovery gratings, so that the effect of improving the whole light efficiency is achieved.
As shown in fig. 16: in the K-space distribution diagram of the eighth embodiment, it can be seen that, in the K-space diagram, a part of the light rays of the surface relief 2D grating passing through the entrance pupil region 1 propagates to the pupil region 2 toward both sides, then propagates to the pupil region after passing through the pupil region 2, and the other part of the light rays reversely propagating through the entrance pupil region 1 are collected back to the entrance pupil region 1 again by the recovery grating.
As shown in fig. 17, in the ninth embodiment of the present invention, a prism is used for the entrance pupil region 1, an inclined grating is used for the extended pupil region 2, and a volume hologram grating is used for the exit pupil region 3. Specifically, the light breaks the total reflection constraint through the prism, and the entrance pupil is guided into the transmission body, propagates toward the pupil expanding region 2 through total reflection, propagates toward the exit pupil region 3 through the pupil expanding region 2, and is coupled into the human eye through the exit pupil region 3.
As shown in fig. 18: in the K-space distribution diagram of the ninth embodiment, it can be seen that the light ray propagates through the entrance pupil region 1 to the exit pupil region 3 and then propagates through the exit pupil region 2 to the exit pupil region 2.
Furthermore, the material of the transmission main body can be a material with a refractive index of 1.5-2.3, the thickness range is 0.2 mm-1.2 mm, and the material can be special glass, resin, plastic and the like. The period range of the grating is 100-400 nm, the height range of the surface relief grating is 10-300 nm, the height of the volume grating is 5-500 nm, the grating can be a binary grating, a 2D grating or an inclined grating, the duty ratio range is 80-10%, the inclination angle range of the inclined grating is 0-50 degrees, and the length difference between the top surface and the bottom surface is 0-100 nm. The refractive index range of the grating material is 1.5-2.3, and the grating material can be glue, metal oxide TiO2, polymer material or doped polymer material. The thickness of the coating layer on the surface of the grating is 0-80 nm, and the refractive index of the coating is 1.5-2.3.
In addition, the invention also provides an optical imaging system, which comprises a micro display module and an optical waveguide structure, wherein the micro display module further comprises an illumination component, a polarization component, a reflective micro display component and a lens group.
In addition, the invention also provides AR equipment, and the AR equipment comprises the optical imaging system of the AR equipment. The AR device in the present invention is an AR glasses, an AR helmet, or the like.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An optical waveguide structure characterized by: the optical waveguide comprises an optical waveguide body, an entrance pupil area for coupling light ray information into the optical waveguide body, an expansion pupil area for expanding the light ray information coupled into the optical waveguide body, an exit pupil area for coupling the light ray information subjected to expansion pupil processing into human eyes, and two recovery gratings for further recovering the light ray information reversely propagated from the entrance pupil area; the entrance pupil area, the expanding pupil area and the exit pupil area are arranged on the surface of the waveguide main body;
the entrance pupil area is a surface relief 2D grating, the exit pupil area is an inclined grating, the exit pupil area is a volume holographic grating, and the recovery grating is an inclined grating.
2. The optical waveguide structure of claim 1, wherein the surface relief 2D grating has a period in the range of 100nm to 400nm and a height in the range of 10nm to 300 nm.
3. The optical waveguide structure of claim 1 wherein the tilt angle of the tilted grating is in the range of 0 to 50 ° and the difference in length between the top and bottom surfaces is in the range of 0 to 100 nm.
4. The optical waveguide structure of claim 1, wherein the volume holographic grating has a period in the range of 10nm to 400nm and a height in the range of 5nm to 500 nm.
5. The optical waveguide structure of claim 1, wherein the optical waveguide body is made of a material having a refractive index of 1.5 to 2.3 and a thickness of 0.2mm to 1.2 mm.
6. The optical waveguide structure of claim 1, wherein the refractive indices of the surface relief 2D grating, the tilted grating, and the volume holographic grating are each in the range of 1.5-2.3.
7. The optical waveguide structure of claim 1, wherein the surface relief 2D grating, the tilted grating, and the volume holographic grating have a surface coating, the surface coating has a thickness of 0nm to 80nm, and the refractive index of the surface coating is 1.5 to 2.3.
8. An optical imaging system of an AR device, comprising: the optical imaging system comprises a micro-display module and the optical waveguide structure of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. An AR device, characterized by: the AR device comprises the AR device optical imaging system of claim 8.
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| CN201910881498.XA CN110764261B (en) | 2019-09-18 | 2019-09-18 | Optical waveguide structure, AR equipment optical imaging system and AR equipment |
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| CN201910881498.XA CN110764261B (en) | 2019-09-18 | 2019-09-18 | Optical waveguide structure, AR equipment optical imaging system and AR equipment |
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| WO2024079384A1 (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2024-04-18 | Dispelix Oy | Display structure |
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| CN113325505A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2021-08-31 | 苏州苏大维格科技集团股份有限公司 | Optical waveguide lens and three-dimensional display device |
| CN113325506A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2021-08-31 | 苏州苏大维格科技集团股份有限公司 | Holographic optical waveguide lens and augmented reality display device |
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