CN110764068A - Multi-probe quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering cross section (RCS) extrapolation test system - Google Patents
Multi-probe quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering cross section (RCS) extrapolation test system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-probe quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering cross section (RCS) extrapolation test system, which consists of a quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement system and a quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement data processing system. The first part realizes one-dimensional rotation of the target to be measured by controlling the rotary table, and obtains an original signal required by quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement of the target to be measured by matching with a special test radar multi-probe circuit. And the second part realizes the collection of electromagnetic scattering data and calculates the far field horizontal plane RCS of the measured target according to a quasi far field-far field transformation extrapolation algorithm. The test system provided by the invention overcomes the limitation of the traditional electromagnetic scattering test means on the test distance and the measurable target size, reduces the physical size influence among multiple probes, and has the advantages of high test efficiency and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of radar electromagnetic scattering cross section (RCS) measurement and radar target characteristic signal testing of an aircraft, in particular to a multi-probe-based quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering cross section (RCS) extrapolation testing system.
Background
Electromagnetic scatterometry is primarily used to measure the scattering properties of a target, which are typically measured in terms of radar scattering cross section (RCS). Since the invention of radar in world war II, military and civil radar has been rapidly developed, for example, various civil radar systems appear in navigation system for terrain collision avoidance, air traffic control, weather alert, etc., and military equipment such as radar systems above airplanes, ships and satellites play a role in detection, monitoring and attack. With the rapid development of radar, research competition of investigation and anti-investigation, stealth and anti-stealth of each country is more and more intense, and the improvement of stealth capability by reducing the RCS of a target is called as a main direction of military provision development of each country. Due to the factors of large size, complex structure and the like, the radar target is extremely difficult to calculate by utilizing an electromagnetic scattering theory, and a method for directly obtaining electromagnetic scattering characteristics by utilizing RCS (radar cross section) test is rapidly developed for avoiding complex electromagnetic simulation calculation. The RCS test has important significance for researching the radar scattering characteristics of the target and the development of stealth technology.
The traditional RCS test adopts a far-field or compact field test mode to directly measure the radar scattering characteristics of a measured target. In the indoor far-field test, the RCS test work of a large-size target is difficult to realize due to the limit of the test distance. A compact range testing means is provided for solving the problem of testing distance limitation, spherical waves are converted into plane waves at short distance by utilizing a high-precision reflecting surface, and the requirement on testing distance is shortened. However, the development of high-precision reflecting surfaces in compact places has extremely high requirements on processing technology, body materials, installation foundations and the like, and the manufacturing cost is extremely high. The maximum full-size compact range dead zone established in the world is 10m at present, and the test requirement of the whole aircraft cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multi-probe quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering cross section (RCS) extrapolation test system which is based on a quasi-far-field transformation extrapolation algorithm, is provided with a positioning subsystem for realizing one-dimensional rotation of a target to be tested, and is combined with a multi-probe acquisition technology to calculate the RCS of a far-field horizontal plane of the target to be tested. The problem of limitation of testing distance in a darkroom is solved, the requirement of large-size testing of the whole machine of a target is met, the system construction cost is reduced, and the feasibility of batch construction is realized.
The multi-probe quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering cross section (RCS) extrapolation test system provided by the invention is suitable for far-field RCS measurement of a target to be tested at a quasi-remote test distance which meets a one-dimensional far-field condition. The system is suitable for far field RCS measurement under the quasi-remote testing distance that a target to be tested meets the one-dimensional far field condition.
The invention provides a quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering cross section (RCS) extrapolation test system. The system is characterized in that: the quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement system realizes one-dimensional rotation of the target to be measured by controlling the rotary table, and obtains an original signal required by quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement of the target to be measured by matching with a special test radar multi-probe circuit. The system is mainly divided into the following functions: a quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement system and a quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering data processing system. The quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement system is used for realizing one-dimensional rotation of a target to be measured by controlling the rotary table, and acquiring an original signal required by quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement of the target to be measured by matching with a special test radar multi-probe circuit. And the quasi far field electromagnetic scattering measurement data processing system is used for processing the quasi far field electromagnetic scattering measurement original signal and then calculating the far field horizontal plane RCS of the target to be measured according to a quasi far field-far field transformation extrapolation algorithm.
The special radar multi-probe testing circuit specifically comprises a transmitting source, a receiver, a filtering component, a radio frequency front end combination module, a switch matrix and a radar transmitting and receiving probe set array formed by horizontally arranging a transmitting radar probe TX and a receiving radar probe RX at intervals. And the signal generated by the emission source is input to the filtering component to generate a radio frequency signal through pulse modulation, and then the signal is output to a power amplifier in a radio frequency front end combination module to be subjected to power amplification and then input to a TX input end of the switch matrix unit. And the switch matrix is instructed by a computer control instruction to connect the TX input ends to the transmitting radar probes TX of the preset number of the receiving and transmitting radar probe groups in the multi-path receiving and transmitting radar probe groups, so that the multi-path transmitting radar probes output radio frequency signals in a time-sharing manner. The receiver receives the radio frequency receiving signal at the output end of the switch matrix RX through the filtering component and the low noise amplifier in the radio frequency front end combination module. The radio frequency receiving signals are provided by the receiving radar probes RX in the preset number of radar probe groups, and the pulse modulation unit of the filtering component filters the radio frequency receiving signals output by the low noise amplifier in the radio frequency front end combination module according to the set time delay between the transmitting pulse and the receiving pulse.
Preferably, the receiving/transmitting radar probe adopts a combination of wide-beam and wide-band antennas; the antenna form in the wide-beam and wide-band antenna combination is a standard or customized wide-band horn. The switch matrix is used for realizing polarization direction switching, frequency band switching and an internal calibration loop of a radio frequency link. The filtering component is an out-of-band filter.
Further, the quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement system controls the rotary table to rotate to N specific positions at a small angle according to a computer control instruction, and the number N can be set according to the actual requirement of data encryption. And after the turntable is controlled to rotate to a specific position at a small angle, a receiver in the special test radar multi-probe circuit is controlled to acquire data at preset frequency points, and meanwhile, a switch matrix in the special test radar multi-probe circuit is controlled to acquire quasi far field electromagnetic scattering original signals of the target to be detected at preset number of receiving and transmitting radar probe groups. The specific location needs to satisfy the following conditions:
the running track position of a special radar test probe in a quasi-far-field test cylindrical coordinate system established by taking the center of the quasi-far-field scattering measurement rotary table as an origin is (rho)c，φ)，ρcFor the radius test in the quasi-far field, φ is the polar coordinate angle in the cylindrical coordinate system. When the turntable is controlled to rotate to a specific position at a small angle, in order to encrypt test data, the corresponding horizontal plane discrete sampling interval angle d phi in the measurement process of the distance between the radar receiving and transmitting probe groups in the radar receiving and transmitting probe group array needs to meet the following conditions:
dφ＝360/(2N+1)
where N ═ k ρc+10, k are the propagation constants for electromagnetic waves of a particular frequency.
Further, after the quasi far-field electromagnetic scattering data processing system processes the quasi far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement original signal, a far-field horizontal plane RCS of the target to be measured is calculated according to a quasi far-field-far-field transformation extrapolation algorithm, which is specifically realized as follows:
firstly, extracting single-station measuring field values corresponding to electromagnetic waves with different frequencies in an emitted electromagnetic wave frequency band according to a quasi far field electromagnetic scattering original signal of a target to be measured, which is acquired by the quasi far field electromagnetic scattering measuring system. Arranged in the quasi-far-field test cylindrical surface coordinate system and measured by a quasi-far-field distance rhocAnd if the measured radius is the test radius, the horizontal plane single-station measurement field value of the target to be measured for transmitting the electromagnetic wave with the specific frequency in the electromagnetic wave frequency band at the quasi-far field distance is u (phi, k), phi is a polar coordinate angle under a cylindrical coordinate system, and k is a propagation constant for the electromagnetic wave with the specific frequency.
Then, based on the transformation relation between the quasi-far field and the far field scattering directional diagram, the single station far field scattering directional diagram S is calculated by using the single station measuring field values corresponding to the electromagnetic waves with different frequencies in the frequency band of the emitted electromagnetic wavesFar(φFar,k)：
Wherein, the relation between U (phi, k) and U (phi, k) in step 2 is:
in the formula
K is a Hankel function, k is an electromagnetic wave propagation constant for a specific frequency, k' is a variable of the electromagnetic wave propagation constant caused by a difference in frequency in an electromagnetic wave band, U (φ, k) is a near field data processing result, φFarIs a polar coordinate angle, R, of a far-field cylindrical coordinate system0And measuring the absolute distance between the position and the equivalent scattering point for testing the radar probe.
Finally, obtaining a single-station far-field scattering directional diagram SFar(φFarK) using the following formula to obtain the measured objectThe corresponding far field level RCS:
σ(φFar,k)＝4π|SFar(φfar，k)|2；
wherein, σ (φ)FarAnd k) is the polar coordinate angle phi of the target to be measured under the far-field cylindrical coordinate systemFarFar field electromagnetic scattering cross section RCS.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a multi-probe quasi far-field electromagnetic scattering cross section (RCS) extrapolation test method, which comprises the following steps: placing a target to be tested on a test rotary table, controlling the rotary table to realize one-dimensional rotation of the target to be tested, and simultaneously acquiring an original signal required by quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement of the target to be tested by adopting the special test radar multi-probe circuit; and processing the obtained original signal, and calculating the far field horizontal plane RCS of the target to be detected according to a quasi far field-far field transformation extrapolation algorithm.
Furthermore, when the rotary table is controlled to realize one-dimensional rotation of the target to be measured, a special test radar multi-probe circuit is adopted to obtain an original signal required by quasi far field electromagnetic scattering measurement of the target to be measured, and the method is specifically realized as follows: controlling the rotary table to rotate to N specific angles/positions, wherein the number N is set according to the actual requirement of data encryption measurement; after the rotary table rotates to a specific position, controlling the receiving and transmitting radar probe group array to acquire a quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering original signal of the target to be detected by a preset number of radar probe groups, and acquiring data by a preset frequency point number; the receiving and transmitting radar probe group array is formed by horizontally arranging transmitting radar probes TX and receiving radar probes RX at intervals; the specific position satisfies the following condition: establishing a quasi-far-field test cylindrical coordinate system by taking the center of the quasi-far-field scattering measurement rotary table as an origin, wherein the running track position of the special radar test probe is (rho)c，φ)，ρcMeasuring radius for a quasi far field, and phi is a polar coordinate angle under a cylindrical coordinate system; when the rotary table is controlled to rotate to a specific position, the distance between the receiving and transmitting radar probe groups in the special test radar multi-probe circuit meets the requirement that the horizontal discrete sampling interval angle is d phi in the measurement process to realize test data encryption, wherein the d phi is 360/(2N +1), and N is k rhoc+10, k are forPropagation constant of electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a multi-probe quasi-far field electromagnetic scattering cross-section (RCS) extrapolation test system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dedicated test radar multi-probe circuit in a quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of waveforms before and after a filtering component in the system performs a filtering process on the received electromagnetic scattering signal;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of one embodiment of the hardware portion of a quasi-far-field electromagnetic scatterometry system.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages solved by the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a multi-probe quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering cross section (RCS) extrapolation test system provided by the present invention. The system is provided with special test radar multi-probe groups in a distance with the center of the rotary table as the center of a circle and the radius of R, and each probe group comprises a transmitting probe TX and a receiving probe RX. The target to be detected is placed in the center of the rotary table, and the one-dimensional rotation of the target to be detected can be realized by controlling the rotary table to rotate.
The test system includes: a quasi far field electromagnetic scattering measurement system and a quasi far field electromagnetic scattering data processing system; the quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement system is used for realizing one-dimensional rotation of a target to be measured by controlling the rotary table, and acquiring an original signal required by quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement of the target to be measured by matching with a special test radar multi-probe circuit; and the quasi far field electromagnetic scattering measurement data processing system is used for processing the quasi far field electromagnetic scattering measurement original signal and then calculating the far field horizontal plane RCS of the target to be measured according to a quasi far field-far field transformation extrapolation algorithm.
The special radar multi-probe testing circuit specifically comprises a transmitting source, a receiver, a filtering component, a radio frequency front end combination module, a switch matrix and a radar transmitting and receiving probe set array formed by horizontally arranging a transmitting radar probe TX and a receiving radar probe RX at intervals. The connection relationship of each part in the special test radar multi-probe circuit is shown in figure 2. And a signal T generated by a transmission source is input into the filtering component, is subjected to pulse modulation by the pulse modulation unit to generate a radio frequency signal, is output to a power amplifier PA in the radio frequency front end combination module to be subjected to power amplification, and is input into a TX input end of the switch matrix unit. As shown in fig. 2, the power amplifier is implemented as a power amplifier PA with two different frequency bands connected in parallel, and when in use, a user selects which frequency band is specifically used; one for amplifying radio frequency signals of 1-18GHz and the other for amplifying radio frequency signals of 18-40 GHz.
The switch matrix is used for realizing polarization direction switching, frequency band switching and an internal calibration loop of a radio frequency link. And the switch matrix is instructed by a computer control instruction to connect the TX input ends to the transmitting radar probes TX of the preset number of the receiving and transmitting radar probe groups in the multi-path receiving and transmitting radar probe groups, so that the multi-path transmitting radar probes output radio frequency signals in a time-sharing manner. The receiver receives the radio frequency receiving signal at the output end of the switch matrix RX through the filtering component and the low noise amplifier in the radio frequency front end combination module, and the reference signal Ref of the receiver is obtained by detecting the transmission through the coupling component inside the switch matrix. The radio frequency receiving signals are provided by the receiving radar probes RX in the preset number of radar probe groups, and the pulse modulation unit of the filtering component filters the radio frequency receiving signals output by the low noise amplifier LNA in the radio frequency front-end combining module according to the set time delay between the transmitting pulse and the receiving pulse. The low noise amplifier LNA is specifically realized as low noise amplifiers LNA with two different frequency bands which are connected in parallel, and when in use, a user selects which frequency band is specifically used; one for amplifying radio frequency signals of 1-18GHz and the other for amplifying radio frequency signals of 18-40 GHz.
Preferably, the filtering component is an out-of-band filter; the receiving/transmitting radar probe adopts a broadband, wide-beam, double-linear polarization, high cross polarization and small-size test probe, and realizes the arrangement of a multi-path radar probe group array and the transmission and the reception of signals. The broadband can ensure that the radar probe quickly covers the frequency band in work, the system testing efficiency is improved, and the probe replacing time is reduced; (designed to be greater than twice the bandwidth); the wide beam can ensure that the test probe can radiate uniformly and completely cover the target to be tested. The double-linear polarization characteristic is used for replacing a rotary working mode of a linear polarization antenna, the system testing efficiency is improved, and electromagnetic scattering measurement of the target to be tested under the HH, VV, HV and VH four polarization characteristics is realized. The high cross polarization characteristic of the radar probe can improve the measurement accuracy of the target to be measured under the electromagnetic scattering measurement condition under the four polarization characteristics of HH, VV, HV and VH; the radar probe with small size can reduce the space volume required by the installation of the probe group, improve the distance between the probes and reduce the mutual coupling interference between the probes.
As shown in fig. 3, the received signal amplified by the low noise amplifier LNA enters the filtering component for pulse modulation reception. And the pulse modulation unit of the filtering component filters the radio frequency receiving signal output by the Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) in the radio frequency front end combination module by adopting the receiving pulse as a gate signal according to the accurately set time delay between the transmitting pulse and the receiving pulse. And finally, the received radio frequency signal passing through the filtering component returns to a receiver in the system to finish the test of radio frequency signal transmission and reception.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of one embodiment of the hardware portion of a quasi-far-field electromagnetic scatterometry system. As shown in fig. 4, the hardware part of the quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement system mainly includes: the system comprises a control computer, a real-time controller RTX, the special test radar multi-probe circuit, a rotary table AZ and a rotary table driver. The transmitting source and the receiver in the special test radar multi-probe circuit are the same vector network analyzer. And a reference signal RI of the network analyzer is obtained by detecting a transmission signal from a coupling component in a switch matrix. The RTC controller of the system control core equipment is responsible for controlling the high-speed stable and reliable work of the equipment in the system, and realizes the real-time control time sequence and communication interaction of system equipment instruments. The control computer is connected with the RTC controller through the LAN, and the RTC controller is responsible for analyzing the control instruction of the control computer, and converting the control instruction into an SPI or TTL level control test turntable, a test instrument, a switch matrix, a radio frequency front end combination, a filter assembly and the like, so that the synchronization and time sequence relation of system test is realized. Wherein the non-real-time control and data transmission adopt a LAN mode; and the real-time control adopts a TTL/SPI level control mode to realize the quick test of the test system.
The quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement system controls the rotary table to rotate to N specific scanning positions at a small angle according to a computer control instruction, and the number N can be set according to the actual requirement of data encryption. And after the turntable is controlled to rotate to a specific scanning position at a small angle, a receiver in the special test radar multi-probe circuit is controlled to acquire data at preset frequency points, and meanwhile, a switch matrix in the special test radar multi-probe circuit is controlled to acquire quasi far field electromagnetic scattering original signals of the target to be detected at preset number of receiving and transmitting radar probe groups. The specific position to which the rotary table rotates needs to meet the following conditions:
the running track position of a special radar test probe in a quasi-far-field test cylindrical coordinate system established by taking the center of the quasi-far-field scattering measurement rotary table as an origin is (rho)c，φ)，ρcFor the radius test in the quasi-far field, φ is the polar coordinate angle in the cylindrical coordinate system. When the turntable is controlled to rotate to a specific position at a small angle, in order to encrypt test data and enable the corresponding horizontal plane discrete sampling interval angle d phi in the radar transmitting and receiving probe group array in the measuring process to meet the following conditions:
dφ＝360/(2N+1)
where N ═ k ρc+10, k are the propagation constants for electromagnetic waves of a particular frequency.
The core of the quasi far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement data processing system is a quasi far-field scattering algorithm module. The quasi-far-field scattering algorithm module comprises: the system comprises a quasi far field-far field transformation extrapolation algorithm module, a probe compensation algorithm module, a data pre-and-post processing module and an RCS calculation algorithm module. The method is based on the matching of a quasi-far field transformation extrapolation algorithm module and data before and afterThe processing module extrapolates the horizontal plane single-station measuring field value u (phi, k) acquired by the quasi-far field to the far field scattering directional diagram SFsr(φ, k), where k is the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave for a particular frequency. The RCS calculation module calculates S according to the quasi-far field transformation extrapolation algorithm moduleFsrAnd (phi, k) calculating the horizontal plane RCS of the far-field object to be measured.
The quasi far field electromagnetic scattering data processing system processes the quasi far field electromagnetic scattering measurement original signal and then calculates the far field horizontal plane RCS of the target to be measured according to a quasi far field-far field transformation extrapolation algorithm, and the method is specifically realized as follows:
firstly, extracting single-station measuring field values corresponding to electromagnetic waves with different frequencies in an emitted electromagnetic wave frequency band according to a quasi far field electromagnetic scattering original signal of a target to be measured, which is acquired by the quasi far field electromagnetic scattering measuring system. Arranged in the quasi-far-field test cylindrical surface coordinate system and with a quasi-far-field distance rhocAnd if the measured radius is the test radius, the horizontal plane single-station measurement field value of the target to be measured for transmitting the electromagnetic wave with the specific frequency in the electromagnetic wave frequency band at the quasi-far field distance is u (phi, k), phi is a polar coordinate angle under a cylindrical coordinate system, and k is a propagation constant for the electromagnetic wave with the specific frequency. Because the distance between the target and the far field of the test probe is not reached under the limited distance, the condition that plane waves are uniformly irradiated on the target to be tested cannot be met, the same imaging treatment needs to be carried out on the target to be tested to obtain the reflectivity gamma of the target to be testedT(p ', φ') are compensated and corrected. Therefore, the quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement system is also provided with a probe compensation module which is used for correcting and compensating the detection data. The probe compensation module adopts a positive direction metal plate as a reference calibration piece. Because the reflectivity of each electromagnetic scattering point of the metal plate calibration piece is consistent, the metal plate needs to be large enough to cover the size of the target to be measured. Obtaining a two-dimensional image g of the reference calibration piece for electromagnetic waves with specific frequency by utilizing the electromagnetic scattering imaging principle of the one-dimensional test turntabler(x, y). According to the reflectivity consistency characteristic of each electromagnetic scattering point of the calibration piece, the reflectivity gamma of the electromagnetic wave with specific frequency can be referenced by the reference calibration piecer(ρ ', φ') to illustrate the effect of the probe pattern. The same imaging processing is carried out on the target to be measuredObtaining the reflectivity gamma of the target to be measured for the electromagnetic wave with the specific frequencyT(ρ ', φ'). The equivalent scattering point reflectivity gamma (rho ', phi') of the actual target to be measured after the probe compensation to the electromagnetic wave with the specific frequency is as follows:
γ(ρ',φ')＝γT(ρ',φ')/γr(ρ',φ')；
a horizontal plane single-station measurement field value u (phi, k) of the target to be measured of the actual specific frequency electromagnetic wave:
wherein, FprobeAnd (theta) is a probe directional diagram, and theta is an included angle between the test probe and the equivalent scattering point of gamma (rho ', phi').
Then, based on the transformation relation between the quasi-far field and the far field scattering directional diagram, the single station far field scattering directional diagram S is calculated by using the single station measuring field values corresponding to the electromagnetic waves with different frequencies in the frequency band of the emitted electromagnetic wavesFar(φFar,k)：
Wherein, the relation between U (phi, k) and U (phi, k) in step 2 is:
in the formula
K is a Hankel function, k is an electromagnetic wave propagation constant for a specific frequency, k' is a variable of the electromagnetic wave propagation constant caused by a difference in frequency in an electromagnetic wave band, U (φ, k) is a near field data processing result, φFarIs a polar coordinate angle, R, of a far-field cylindrical coordinate system0And measuring the absolute distance between the position and the equivalent scattering point for testing the radar probe.
Finally, obtaining a single-station far-field scattering directional diagram SFar(φFarAnd k), calculating a far field horizontal plane RCS corresponding to the measured target by adopting the following formula:
σ(φFar,k)＝4π|SFar(φfar，k)|2；
wherein, σ (φ)FarAnd k) is the polar coordinate angle phi of the target to be measured under the far-field cylindrical coordinate systemFarFar field electromagnetic scattering cross section RCS.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a multi-probe quasi far-field electromagnetic scattering cross section (RCS) extrapolation test method, which comprises the following steps: placing a target to be tested on a test rotary table, controlling the rotary table to realize one-dimensional rotation of the target to be tested, and simultaneously acquiring an original signal required by quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement of the target to be tested by adopting a special test radar multi-probe circuit; and processing the obtained original signal, and calculating the far field horizontal plane RCS of the target to be detected according to a quasi far field-far field transformation extrapolation algorithm.
The method comprises the following steps of controlling a rotary table to realize one-dimensional rotation of a target to be measured, and simultaneously acquiring an original signal required by quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement of the target to be measured by adopting a special test radar multi-probe circuit, wherein the method is specifically realized as follows: controlling the rotary table to rotate to N specific angles/positions, wherein the number N is set according to the actual requirement of data encryption measurement; after the rotary table rotates to a specific position, controlling the receiving and transmitting radar probe group array to acquire a quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering original signal of the target to be detected by a preset number of radar probe groups, and acquiring data by a preset frequency point number; the receiving and transmitting radar probe group array is formed by horizontally arranging transmitting radar probes TX and receiving radar probes RX at intervals; the specific position satisfies the following condition: establishing a quasi-far-field test cylindrical coordinate system by taking the center of the quasi-far-field scattering measurement rotary table as an origin, wherein the running track position of the special radar test probe is (rho)c，φ)，ρcMeasuring radius for a quasi far field, and phi is a polar coordinate angle under a cylindrical coordinate system; when the rotary table is controlled to rotate to one specific position, the distance between the receiving radar probe group and the transmitting radar probe group in the special test radar multi-probe circuit meets the requirement that the horizontal discrete sampling interval angle is d phi in the measurement process to realize test data encryption, and the d phi is 360/(2N +1), and the d phi is 360 DEG/(2N +1)Where N is k ρc+10, k are the propagation constants for electromagnetic waves of a particular frequency.
Further, the connection relationship of each part in the dedicated test radar multi-probe circuit is shown in fig. 2. The method comprises the following steps of controlling the special test radar multi-probe circuit to obtain a quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering original signal of the target to be tested by using a preset number of radar probe groups, and specifically realizing the following steps: the method comprises the steps that a pulse modulation unit of a filter assembly is adopted to perform pulse modulation on signals generated by a transmission source, the signals after pulse modulation are input to a TX input end of a switch matrix unit after power amplification is performed on the signals, a switch matrix is controlled to connect the TX input end to the transmitting radar probes TX of the receiving and transmitting radar probe groups in the preset number, and the radio-frequency signals are output by multiple transmitting radar probes in a time-sharing mode; and controlling the receiving radar probes RX in the preset number of radar receiving and transmitting probe groups to acquire radio frequency receiving signals, and filtering the radio frequency receiving signals amplified by the low noise amplifier by adopting a gate signal according to the set time delay between the transmitting pulse and the receiving pulse through a pulse modulation unit of the filtering component.
After the obtained original signal is processed, a far field horizontal plane RCS of the target to be detected is calculated according to a quasi far field-far field transformation extrapolation algorithm, and the method is specifically realized as follows:
extracting single-station measuring field values corresponding to electromagnetic waves with different frequencies in an electromagnetic wave emission frequency band according to the acquired quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering original signal of the target to be measured;
at quasi far field distance ρcAnd establishing a quasi-far-field test cylindrical surface coordinate system for testing the radius. The horizontal plane single-station measuring field value of a target to be measured for transmitting specific frequency electromagnetic waves in the electromagnetic wave frequency band under the quasi-far field distance is u (phi, k), phi is a polar coordinate angle of the special radar testing probe under the cylindrical coordinate system, and k is a propagation constant for the specific frequency electromagnetic waves;
based on the transformation relation between the quasi far field and the far field scattering directional diagram, the single station far field scattering directional diagram S is calculated by using the single station measuring field values u (phi, k) corresponding to the electromagnetic waves with different frequencies in the frequency band of the emitted electromagnetic wavesFar(φFar,k)：
Wherein, the relation between U (phi, k) and U (phi, k) in step 2 is:
in the formulaK is a Hankel function, k is an electromagnetic wave propagation constant for a specific frequency, k' is a variable of the electromagnetic wave propagation constant caused by a difference in frequency in an electromagnetic wave band, U (φ, k) is a near field data processing result, φFarIs a polar coordinate angle, R, of a far-field cylindrical coordinate system0Measuring the absolute distance between the position and the equivalent scattering point for the test radar probe;
according to the obtained single-station far-field scattering directional diagram SFar(φFarAnd k), calculating to obtain a far field horizontal plane RCS corresponding to the measured target, wherein the calculation formula is as follows: sigma (phi)Far,k)＝4π|SFar(φfar，k)|2，σ(φFarAnd k) is the polar coordinate angle phi of the target to be measured under the far-field cylindrical coordinate systemFarFar field electromagnetic scattering cross section RCS.
Compared with the prior art, the test system provided by the invention combines a multi-probe measurement and acquisition technology, acquires electromagnetic scattering data at a quasi far-field test distance, and acquires far-field electromagnetic scattering characteristics of the whole machine target to be tested by using a near-far-field transformation algorithm. The method overcomes the size limitation of a traditional test means far field and a compact field on the test distance and the measurable target, realizes the rapid and accurate measurement of the electromagnetic scattering of the full-size target to be measured, and has the advantages of high test efficiency and low cost.
Claims (14)
1. A multi-probe quasi far-field electromagnetic scattering cross section (RCS) extrapolation test system is characterized in that the system is suitable for far-field RCS measurement under a quasi remote test distance that a target to be tested meets a one-dimensional far-field condition, and is characterized in that: the system realizes one-dimensional rotation of the target to be measured by controlling the rotary table, and obtains an original signal required by quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement of the target to be measured by matching with a special test radar multi-probe circuit.
2. The quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering cross-section (RCS) extrapolation test system of claim 1, comprising a quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement system and a quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering data processing system; the quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement system is used for realizing one-dimensional rotation of a target to be measured by controlling the rotary table, and acquiring an original signal required by quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement of the target to be measured by matching with a special test radar multi-probe circuit; and the quasi far field electromagnetic scattering measurement data processing system is used for processing the quasi far field electromagnetic scattering measurement original signal and then calculating the far field horizontal plane RCS of the target to be measured according to a quasi far field-far field transformation extrapolation algorithm.
3. The quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering cross-section (RCS) extrapolation test system of claim 2, wherein the quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement system implements one-dimensional rotation of the target to be measured by controlling the turntable, and employs a dedicated test radar multi-probe circuit to obtain the original signal required for quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement of the target to be measured, which is implemented specifically as: the quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement system controls the rotary table to rotate to N specific positions according to a computer control instruction, and the number N is set according to the actual requirement of data encryption measurement; when the rotary table rotates to a specific position, controlling a receiver in the special test radar multi-probe circuit to acquire data according to the number of preset frequency points, and simultaneously controlling a switch matrix in the special test radar multi-probe circuit to acquire a quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering original signal of the target to be detected according to the number of radar probe groups; wherein the specific position is a position satisfying the following conditions: establishing a quasi-far-field test cylindrical coordinate system by taking the center of the quasi-far-field scattering measurement rotary table as an origin, wherein the running track position of the special radar test probe is (rho)c，φ)，ρcMeasuring radius for a quasi far field, and phi is a polar coordinate angle under a cylindrical coordinate system; when the rotary table is controlled to rotate to a specific position, the distance between the receiving and transmitting radar probe groups in the special test radar multi-probe circuit meets the requirement that the horizontal discrete sampling interval angle is d phi in the measurement process to realize test data encryption, wherein the d phi is 360/(2N +1), and N is k rhoc+10, k are the propagation constants for electromagnetic waves of a particular frequency.
4. The quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering cross-section (RCS) extrapolation test system according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the dedicated test radar multi-probe circuit specifically comprises a transmission source, a receiver, a filtering component, a radio frequency front end combination module, a switch matrix, a transceiver radar probe set array formed by a horizontally spaced arrangement of transmission radar probes TX and reception radar probes RX;
after a signal generated by the emission source is input into the filtering component to generate a radio frequency signal through pulse modulation, the signal is output to a power amplifier in a radio frequency front end combination module to be subjected to power amplification, and then the signal is input into a TX input end of the switch matrix unit, and a computer control instruction instructs the switch matrix to connect the TX input end to transmitting radar probes TX of a preset number of transmitting and receiving radar probe groups in the multipath transmitting and receiving radar probe groups, so that the multipath transmitting radar probes output the radio frequency signal in a time-sharing manner;
the receiver receives radio frequency receiving signals at the output end of a switch matrix RX through the filtering component and the low noise amplifiers in the radio frequency front end combination module, the radio frequency receiving signals are provided by the receiving radar probes RX in the preset number of receiving and transmitting radar probe groups specified by the computer control instruction, and the pulse modulation unit of the filtering component filters the radio frequency receiving signals output by the low noise amplifiers in the radio frequency front end combination module by using gate signals according to the set time delay between the transmitting pulse and the receiving pulse.
5. The quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering cross-section (RCS) extrapolation test system according to claim 4, wherein a broadband, wide-beam, dual-line polarization, high cross-polarization, small-size test radar probe is used as the receiving/transmitting radar probe, so as to realize the layout of a multi-path radar probe group array and the transmission and reception of signals.
6. The quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering cross-section (RCS) extrapolation test system of claim 5, wherein: the quasi far field electromagnetic scattering data processing system processes the quasi far field electromagnetic scattering measurement original signal and then calculates a far field horizontal plane RCS of the target to be measured according to a quasi far field-far field transformation extrapolation algorithm, and specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the quasi far field electromagnetic scattering original signal of the target to be measured, which is obtained by the quasi far field electromagnetic scattering measurement system, extracting single station measurement field values corresponding to electromagnetic waves with different frequencies in an emitted electromagnetic wave frequency band: at quasi far field distance ρcEstablishing a quasi-far-field test cylindrical surface coordinate system for testing the radius; the horizontal plane single-station measuring field value of a target to be measured for transmitting specific frequency electromagnetic waves in the electromagnetic wave frequency band under the quasi-far field distance is u (phi, k), phi is a polar coordinate angle of the special radar testing probe under the cylindrical coordinate system, and k is a propagation constant for the specific frequency electromagnetic waves;
based on the transformation relation between the quasi far field and the far field scattering directional diagram, the single station far field scattering directional diagram S is calculated by using the single station measuring field values corresponding to the electromagnetic waves with different frequencies in the frequency band of the emitted electromagnetic wavesFar(φFar,k)：
Wherein, the relation between U (phi, k) and U (phi, k) in step 2 is:
in the formula
Is a Hankel function, k is forThe electromagnetic wave propagation constant at a specific frequency, k' is a variable of the electromagnetic wave propagation constant caused by a difference in frequency in the electromagnetic wave band, U (φ, k) is a near-field data processing result, φFarIs a polar coordinate angle, R, of a far-field cylindrical coordinate system0Measuring the absolute distance between the position and the equivalent scattering point for the test radar probe;
according to the obtained single-station far-field scattering directional diagram SFar(φFarAnd k), calculating to obtain a far field horizontal plane RCS corresponding to the measured target, wherein the calculation formula is as follows: sigma (phi)Far,k)＝4π|SFar(φfar，k)|2，σ(φFarAnd k) is the polar coordinate angle phi of the target to be measured under the far-field cylindrical coordinate systemFarFar field electromagnetic scattering cross section RCS.
7. The quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering cross-section (RCS) extrapolation test system of claim 6, wherein: the quasi far-field electromagnetic scattering data processing system further comprises a probe compensation module, which is used for obtaining a horizontal plane single-station measuring field value u (phi, k) of a target to be measured for transmitting electromagnetic waves with specific frequency in an electromagnetic wave frequency band after compensating the radar probe at the quasi far-field distance:
according to the electromagnetic scattering imaging principle of a one-dimensional test turntable, a two-dimensional image g of a reference calibration piece for electromagnetic waves with specific frequency is obtainedr(x, y) to obtain the reflectivity gamma of the reference calibration piece for the electromagnetic wave with the specific frequencyr(ρ ', φ'); the positive direction metal plate is used as the reference calibration piece, the reflectivity of each electromagnetic scattering point of the metal plate calibration piece is consistent, and meanwhile, the metal plate can cover the size of the target to be measured; the same imaging processing is carried out on the target to be measured to obtain the reflectivity gamma of the target to the electromagnetic wave with the specific frequencyT(ρ ', φ'); the compensation calculation process is as follows:
γ(ρ',φ')＝γT(ρ',φ')/γr(rho ', phi'), wherein gamma (rho ', phi') is the equivalent scattering point reflectivity of the actual target to be measured for the electromagnetic wave with the specific frequency after being compensated by the probe compensation module;
the horizontal plane single-station measurement field value of the target to be measured for transmitting the electromagnetic wave with the specific frequency in the electromagnetic wave frequency band under the actual quasi-far field distance is u (phi, k):
wherein, Fprobe(theta) is the probe pattern,
theta is the angle between the test probe and the equivalent scattering point of gamma (rho ', phi').
8. A multi-probe quasi-far field electromagnetic scattering cross section (RCS) extrapolation testing method, comprising: placing a target to be tested on a test rotary table, controlling the rotary table to realize one-dimensional rotation of the target to be tested, and simultaneously acquiring an original signal required by quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement of the target to be tested by adopting a special test radar multi-probe circuit; and processing the quasi far field electromagnetic scattering measurement original signal, and calculating a far field horizontal plane RCS of the target to be measured according to a quasi far field-far field transformation extrapolation algorithm.
9. The test method of claim 8, wherein the dedicated test radar multi-probe circuit comprises a transmission source, a receiver, a filter component, a radio frequency front end combination module, a switch matrix, and a transceiver radar probe array formed by a transmission radar probe TX and a reception radar probe RX arranged horizontally at intervals;
after a signal generated by the emission source is input into the filtering component to generate a radio frequency signal through pulse modulation, the signal is output to a power amplifier in a radio frequency front end combination module to be subjected to power amplification, and then the signal is input into a TX input end of the switch matrix unit, and a computer control instruction instructs the switch matrix to connect the TX input end to transmitting radar probes TX of a preset number of transmitting and receiving radar probe groups in the multipath transmitting and receiving radar probe groups, so that the multipath transmitting radar probes output the radio frequency signal in a time-sharing manner;
the receiver receives radio frequency receiving signals at the output end of a switch matrix RX through the filtering component and the low noise amplifiers in the radio frequency front end combination module, the radio frequency receiving signals are provided by the receiving radar probes RX in the preset number of receiving and transmitting radar probe groups specified by the computer control instruction, and the pulse modulation unit of the filtering component filters the radio frequency receiving signals output by the low noise amplifiers in the radio frequency front end combination module by using gate signals according to the set time delay between the transmitting pulse and the receiving pulse.
10. The test method of claim 9, wherein the turntable is controlled to rotate the target to be tested in one dimension, and a dedicated test radar multi-probe circuit is used to obtain an original signal required by the quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement of the target to be tested, which is specifically implemented as follows: controlling the rotary table to rotate to N specific angles/positions, wherein the number N is set according to the actual requirement of data encryption measurement; after the rotary table rotates to a specific position, controlling the receiving and transmitting radar probe group array to acquire a quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering original signal of the target to be detected by a preset number of radar probe groups, and acquiring data by a preset frequency point number; the receiving and transmitting radar probe group array is formed by horizontally arranging transmitting radar probes TX and receiving radar probes RX at intervals;
the specific position satisfies the following condition: establishing a quasi-far-field test cylindrical coordinate system by taking the center of the quasi-far-field scattering measurement rotary table as an origin, wherein the running track position of the special radar test probe is (rho)c，φ)，ρcMeasuring radius for a quasi far field, and phi is a polar coordinate angle under a cylindrical coordinate system; when the rotary table is controlled to rotate to a specific position, the distance between the receiving and transmitting radar probe groups in the special test radar multi-probe circuit meets the requirement that the horizontal discrete sampling interval angle is d phi in the measurement process to realize test data encryption, wherein the d phi is 360/(2N +1), and N is k rhoc+10, k are the propagation constants for electromagnetic waves of a particular frequency.
11. The test method according to claim 10, wherein a broadband, wide-beam, dual-line polarization, high cross polarization, small-size test radar probe is used as the receiving/transmitting radar probe, so that the arrangement of the multi-path radar probe group array and the transmission and reception of signals are realized.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the controlling the dedicated test radar multi-probe circuit to obtain the quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering raw signal of the target to be tested with a preset number of radar probe groups is implemented as follows: the method comprises the steps that a pulse modulation unit of a filter assembly is adopted to perform pulse modulation on signals generated by a transmission source, the signals after pulse modulation are input to a TX input end of a switch matrix unit after power amplification is performed on the signals, a switch matrix is controlled to connect the TX input end to the transmitting radar probes TX of the receiving and transmitting radar probe groups in the preset number, and the radio-frequency signals are output by multiple transmitting radar probes in a time-sharing mode; and controlling the receiving radar probes RX in the preset number of radar receiving and transmitting probe groups to acquire radio frequency receiving signals, and filtering the radio frequency receiving signals amplified by the low noise amplifier by adopting a gate signal according to the set time delay between the transmitting pulse and the receiving pulse through a pulse modulation unit of the filtering component.
13. The test method according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the processing of the raw quasi far-field electromagnetic scattering measurement signals is followed by calculating the far-field level RCS of the object to be tested according to a quasi far-field-far-field transformation extrapolation algorithm, and is implemented by:
extracting single-station measuring field values corresponding to electromagnetic waves with different frequencies in an electromagnetic wave emission frequency band according to the acquired quasi-far-field electromagnetic scattering original signal of the target to be measured;
at quasi far field distance ρcEstablishing a quasi-far-field test cylindrical surface coordinate system for testing the radius; the horizontal plane single-station measuring field value of a target to be measured for transmitting specific frequency electromagnetic waves in the electromagnetic wave frequency band under the quasi-far field distance is u (phi, k), phi is a polar coordinate angle of the special radar testing probe under the cylindrical coordinate system, and k is a propagation constant for the specific frequency electromagnetic waves;
based on the transformation relation between quasi far field and far field scattering directional diagram, the single station measuring field value u (phi, k) corresponding to the electromagnetic wave with different frequency in the frequency band of the emitted electromagnetic wave is usedCalculating a single-station far-field scattering directional diagram SFar(φFar,k)：
Wherein, the relation between U (phi, k) and U (phi, k) in step 2 is:
in the formula
K is a Hankel function, k is an electromagnetic wave propagation constant for a specific frequency, k' is a variable of the electromagnetic wave propagation constant caused by a difference in frequency in an electromagnetic wave band, U (φ, k) is a near field data processing result, φFarIs a polar coordinate angle, R, of a far-field cylindrical coordinate system0Measuring the absolute distance between the position and the equivalent scattering point for the test radar probe;
according to the obtained single-station far-field scattering directional diagram SFar(φFarAnd k), calculating to obtain a far field horizontal plane RCS corresponding to the measured target, wherein the calculation formula is as follows: sigma (phi)Far,k)＝4π|SFar(φfar，k)|2，σ(φFarAnd k) is the polar coordinate angle phi of the target to be measured under the far-field cylindrical coordinate systemFarFar field electromagnetic scattering cross section RCS.
14. The test method according to claim 13, wherein the horizontal plane single-station measurement field value u (Φ, k) of the object to be tested which emits the electromagnetic wave of a specific frequency within the electromagnetic wave frequency band is obtained by:
a metal plate in the positive direction is used as a reference calibration piece, the reflectivity of each electromagnetic scattering point of the metal plate calibration piece is consistent, and meanwhile, the metal plate can cover the size of a target to be measured; according to the electromagnetic scattering imaging principle of the one-dimensional test turntable, a two-dimensional image g of the reference calibration piece under the quasi-far field condition is obtainedr(x, y) to obtain the referenceReflectivity gamma of the calibration piece for the electromagnetic wave of the specific frequencyr(ρ ', φ') identifies the effect of the probe pattern; the same imaging processing is carried out on the target to be measured to obtain the reflectivity gamma of the target to the electromagnetic wave with the specific frequencyT(ρ',φ')；
The equivalent scattering point reflectivity gamma (rho ', phi') of the actual target to be measured for the electromagnetic wave with the specific frequency is as follows:
γ(ρ',φ')＝γT(ρ',φ')/γr(ρ',φ')，
the actual horizontal plane single-station measuring field value of the target to be measured for transmitting the electromagnetic wave with the specific frequency in the electromagnetic wave frequency band is u (phi, k):
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