CN110746683A - Ultraviolet-crosslinked high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ultraviolet-crosslinked high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultraviolet crosslinking high flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the ultraviolet crosslinking high flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material comprises the following raw material components: 100 parts of base material, 100 parts of low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant 100-130 parts, 5-15 parts of synergistic flame retardant, 1-3 parts of cationic initiator, 1-3 parts of free radical initiator, 1-5 parts of auxiliary crosslinking agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of composite antioxidant and 1-3 parts of lubricant, wherein the parts are parts by mass. The invention combines two different photoinitiation mechanisms, remarkably improves the crosslinking efficiency, and provides a shorter production period and more stable heat resistance and mechanical properties for electric wire and cable products; meanwhile, the low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant and the flame-retardant synergist are used, so that better flame-retardant performance can be obtained under the condition of less total amount of the flame retardant, and the mechanical performance of the material is improved; by selecting the base material and the lubricant with specific compositions, the mechanical property of the cable material is further improved, the processability of the material is improved, and the preparation efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ultraviolet cross-linked high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant cable materials.
Background
In recent years, with the development of society, the application fields of electric wires and cables are gradually widened, and meanwhile, the requirements on the flame retardant property, the mechanical property, the electrical property and the environmental protection of the electric wires and cables are gradually increased. As a substitute of halogen-containing flame-retardant cable materials, the low-smoke halogen-free cable materials have wider application and are more environment-friendly, but the flame retardant performance and the mechanical performance of the cable materials face greater challenges.
In the use of a common low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material, due to the low melting point of polyolefin, the electric wire and the cable cannot be used at a high temperature, and potential safety hazards are easily caused. Thus, a cross-linking process is applied to the polyolefin material. The methods commonly used at present are mainly divided into silane crosslinking and irradiation crosslinking. The silane crosslinking process is to graft silane on polyolefin resin through an initiator and then to crosslink the grafted silane with each other through water boiling or under natural conditions to obtain the crosslinking type cable material. For the silane crosslinking process, the inorganic flame retardant is easy to absorb water and is easy to cause pre-crosslinking in the processing process, and the silane crosslinking has longer boiling time, and the boiling time is increased along with the increase of the thickness of the skin layer. Thus, the silane crosslinking process can extend the production cycle of the product and degrade the properties of the material. The irradiation crosslinking process is to form free radicals through the irradiation of the emitted electron current under the action of sensitizer to initiate crosslinking, and during the irradiation crosslinking process, the fluctuation of the electron current is large, so that the crosslinking degree is not uniform easily, and the cost of irradiation equipment is high, which is not favorable for cost control.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an ultraviolet crosslinking high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material and a preparation method thereof, which are used for producing the polyolefin cable material with the advantages of higher long-term use temperature, high flame retardance, environmental protection, high production efficiency, low equipment cost and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an ultraviolet crosslinking high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material comprises the following raw material components: 100 parts of base material, 100 parts of low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant, 130 parts of synergistic flame retardant, 5-15 parts of cationic initiator, 1-3 parts of free radical initiator, 1-5 parts of auxiliary crosslinking agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of composite antioxidant and 1-3 parts of lubricant, wherein the parts are in parts by mass; wherein, the base material is ethylene-vinyl acetate: ethylene-octene copolymer: linear low density polyethylene: the mass ratio of the maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene is (50-70): (5-20): (15-30): 10, a mixture of; the lubricant is polyethylene wax: zinc stearate: the mass ratio of the silicone master batch is (2.5-3.5) to 1: 1; the synergistic flame retardant is a multi-walled carbon nanotube.
The ultraviolet crosslinking high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material uses the cationic initiator and the free radical initiator, combines different photoinitiation mechanisms, further improves the crosslinking efficiency, and provides a shorter production period and more stable heat resistance and mechanical properties for wire and cable products; meanwhile, the low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant and the flame-retardant synergist are used, so that better flame-retardant performance can be obtained under the condition of less total amount of the flame retardant, and the mechanical performance of the material is improved; the mechanical property of the cable material is further improved by selecting the base material with specific composition; by selecting the lubricant with a specific composition, the processing performance of the material is improved, the preparation efficiency is improved, and the improvement of the mechanical performance is promoted.
The method selects ultraviolet irradiation for crosslinking, and has the advantages of simple process, lower equipment cost, small occupied space and high production efficiency. The polyolefin cable material after crosslinking has more excellent electrical property, higher long-term use temperature, corrosion resistance, oil resistance, higher mechanical strength and the like.
In order to further improve the mechanical property of the cable material, the composition of the base material is optimized as follows, the content of vinyl acetate in the ethylene-vinyl acetate is 26-28%, and the melt index is less than or equal to 6g/10 min; the melt index of the ethylene octene copolymer is less than or equal to 3.6g/10 min; the grafting rate of the maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene is 1-3%.
In order to improve the synergistic effect with other materials and reduce the dosage of the flame retardant, the low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant is at least one of magnesium hydroxide or aluminum hydroxide, and further preferably, the low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant is prepared by mixing the following components in a mass ratio of the magnesium hydroxide to the aluminum hydroxide of 2: (0.8-1.2).
In order to increase the degree of crosslinking, the cationic initiator is preferably at least one of a dimethyl iodonium salt, a triarylsulfonium salt, an alkylsulfonium salt, triarylsiloxy ether, or an iron arene salt, and more preferably, the cationic initiator is a compound having a mass ratio of dimethyl iodonium salt to triarylsulfonium salt of 1: (0.8-1.2); the radical initiator is 2, 4, 6 (trimethylbenzoyl) and at least one of phenylphosphine oxide, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexane-phenyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone or benzophenone, and more preferably, the mass ratio of the 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone to benzophenone (Kunshan Vanje) is 1: (0.8-1.2).
In order to further improve the mechanical property and the flame retardant property of the cable material, the auxiliary crosslinking agent is at least one of triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl hydroxyurea ester or trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate.
In order to further improve the weather resistance of the product, the composite antioxidant is a mixture of at least two of tetra [3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ] pentaerythritol, β - (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid n-octadecyl ester and tris [2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl ] phosphite, and more preferably, the composite antioxidant is a mixture of tetra [3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ] pentaerythritol and tris [2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl ] phosphite in a mass ratio of 1 (0.8-1.2).
The preparation method of the ultraviolet light cross-linked high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material comprises the steps of putting base materials of ethylene-vinyl acetate, ethylene-octene copolymer, linear low-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant, synergistic flame retardant, cationic initiator, free radical initiator, auxiliary cross-linking agent, composite antioxidant and lubricant into a kneader at the temperature of 130-140 ℃ for mixing for 15-20 minutes, and extruding and granulating by using double screws at the temperature of 130-150 ℃ to obtain the ultraviolet light cross-linked high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material.
The method for preparing the cable by using the ultraviolet crosslinking high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material comprises the steps of extruding the ultraviolet crosslinking high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material through a single screw rod at the temperature of 140-160 ℃, and then irradiating and crosslinking the extruded material through ultraviolet crosslinking equipment for 0.6-0.9s to obtain the cable, wherein the output power of the ultraviolet crosslinking equipment is 14kW, and the wavelength of ultraviolet light is 365 nm.
The ultraviolet light cross-linking equipment adopts the ultraviolet light irradiation equipment which takes the LED as the light source, so that the attenuation period of the light source is prolonged, the wavelength of the light source is more stable, and a more stable cross-linking process is provided for products.
The prior art is referred to in the art for techniques not mentioned in the present invention.
The ultraviolet crosslinking high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material disclosed by the invention uses the cationic initiator and the free radical initiator, combines different photo-initiation mechanisms, obviously improves the crosslinking efficiency, and provides a shorter production period and more stable heat resistance and mechanical properties for wire and cable products; meanwhile, the low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant and the flame-retardant synergist are used, so that better flame-retardant performance can be obtained under the condition of less total amount of the flame retardant, and the mechanical performance of the material is improved; the mechanical property of the cable material is further improved by selecting the base material with specific composition; by selecting the lubricant with a specific composition, the processing performance of the material is improved, the preparation efficiency is improved, and the improvement of the mechanical performance is promoted; the preparation method is simple and easy to operate, low in cost and easy to popularize.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the present invention, the following examples are further provided to illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
The ultraviolet crosslinking high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material comprises the following raw material components: base materials (ethylene-vinyl acetate (Yangzi Basff, 6110MC), ethylene-octene copolymer (Mitsui, DF840), linear low-density polyethylene (Zhongshimei, 7042), maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (Jime, JCP1000) 100 parts by mass ratio of 60: 15: 15: 10), low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant (magnesium hydroxide (Attec, 10FG), aluminum hydroxide (Yabao, 104LEO) 120 parts by mass ratio of 2: 1), multi-walled carbon nanotube synergistic flame retardant (Woodo organic chemistry, TNIM1)10 parts, cationic initiator (dimethyliodonium salt (Shanghai Prolii chemistry), triarylsulfonium salt (TCI) 1:1 part by mass ratio of mixture), free radical initiator (2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-acetone (Huateng Wangjie), benzophenone (Kunming Wangjie) 1 part by mass ratio of 1:1 mixture), the anti-aging coating comprises 2 parts of auxiliary crosslinking agent triallyl isocyanurate (Hunan Min alloy), 1 part of composite antioxidant (a mixture of tetra [3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ] pentaerythritol and tri [2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl ] phosphite in a mass ratio of 1: 1) and 3 parts of lubricant (a mixture of polyethylene wax (Coxistan), zinc stearate (Huajie) and silicone master batch (Wujiang, PMAF-15) in a mass ratio of 3:1: 1), wherein the parts are parts by mass.
Then the raw materials are put into a kneader to be mixed for 15 minutes at the temperature of 135 ℃, and then extruded and granulated by a twin screw at the temperature of 130 ℃ and 150 ℃. And finally, preparing a sample, extruding the obtained granules by a single screw at the temperature of 140-160 ℃, and then irradiating and crosslinking the granules by ultraviolet crosslinking equipment for 0.8s to obtain the cable, wherein the output power of the ultraviolet crosslinking equipment is 14kW, and the wavelength of ultraviolet light is 365 nm.
Comparative example 1
The ultraviolet crosslinking high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material comprises the following raw material components: base materials (ethylene-vinyl acetate (Yangzi Basff, 6110MC), ethylene-octene copolymer (Mitsui, DF840), linear low-density polyethylene (Zhongshimei, 7042), maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (Jime, JCP1000) 100 parts by mass ratio of 60: 15: 15: 10 mixture), low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant (magnesium hydroxide (Eltec, 10FG), aluminum hydroxide (Yabao, 104LEO) 130 parts by mass ratio of 2: 1 mixture), multi-walled carbon nanotube synergistic flame retardant 0 part, cationic initiator (dimethyl iodonium salt (Shanghai Prolii chemical) 1 part by mass ratio of 1:1 mixture of triarylsulfonium salt (TCI), radical initiator (2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-acetone (Huateng): benzophenone (Kunshan Wangjie) 1 part by mass ratio of 1:1 mixture), the anti-aging coating comprises 2 parts of auxiliary crosslinking agent triallyl isocyanurate (Hunan Min alloy), 1 part of composite antioxidant (a mixture of tetra [3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ] pentaerythritol and tri [2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl ] phosphite in a mass ratio of 1: 1) and 3 parts of lubricant (a mixture of polyethylene wax (Coxistan), zinc stearate (Huajie) and silicone master batch (Wujiang, PMAF-15) in a mass ratio of 3:1: 1), wherein the parts are parts by mass.
Then the raw materials are put into a kneader to be mixed for 15 minutes at the temperature of 135 ℃, and then extruded and granulated by a twin screw at the temperature of 130 ℃ and 150 ℃. And finally, preparing a sample, extruding the obtained granules by a single screw at the temperature of 140-160 ℃, and then irradiating and crosslinking the granules by ultraviolet crosslinking equipment for 0.8s to obtain the cable, wherein the output power of the ultraviolet crosslinking equipment is 14kW, and the wavelength of ultraviolet light is 365 nm.
Comparative example 2
The ultraviolet crosslinking high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material comprises the following raw material components: base material (ethylene-vinyl acetate (yangziabbf, 6110 MC): ethylene-octene copolymer (mitsui, DF 840): linear low density polyethylene (mesopetrochemistry, 7042): maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (mixture of long-time polymerization, JCP1000) with a mass ratio of 60: 15: 15: 10) 100 parts, low smoke halogen-free flame retardant (magnesium hydroxide (iteck, 10 FG): mixture of aluminum hydroxide (jaba, 104LEO) with a mass ratio of 2: 1) 120 parts, multi-walled carbon nanotube synergistic flame retardant (both organic chemistry, TNIM1)10 parts, cationic initiator (dimethyliodonium salt (shanghai prochiral chemistry): mixture of triarylsulfonium salt (TCI) with a mass ratio of 1: 1) 2 parts, radical initiator 0 part, co-crosslinking agent triallyl isocyanurate (hunan-min) 2 parts, composite antioxidant (tetrakis [3- (3, the mass ratio of the 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid pentaerythritol to the tris [2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl ] phosphite is 1: 1)1 part and a lubricant (polyethylene wax (colorado): zinc stearate (huajie): 3 parts of silicone master batch (mixture with a mass ratio of 3:1:1 of PMAF-15) in parts by mass.
Then the raw materials are put into a kneader to be mixed for 15 minutes at the temperature of 135 ℃, and then extruded and granulated by a twin screw at the temperature of 130 ℃ and 150 ℃. And finally, preparing a sample, extruding the obtained granules by a single screw at the temperature of 140-160 ℃, and then irradiating and crosslinking the granules by ultraviolet crosslinking equipment for 0.8s to obtain the cable, wherein the output power of the ultraviolet crosslinking equipment is 14kW, and the wavelength of ultraviolet light is 365 nm.
Comparative example 3
The ultraviolet crosslinking high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material comprises the following raw material components: base materials (ethylene-vinyl acetate (Yangzi Basff, 6110MC), ethylene-octene copolymer (Mitsui, DF840), linear low-density polyethylene (medium petrochemical, 7042), maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (long-time polymerization, JCP1000) 100 parts by mass ratio of 60: 15: 15: 10, low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant (magnesium hydroxide (Aite Ke, 10FG), aluminum hydroxide (Yabao, 104LEO) 120 parts by mass ratio of 2: 1), multi-walled carbon nanotube synergistic flame retardant (Woodo organic chemistry, TNIM1)10 parts, cationic initiator 0 part, free radical initiator (2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-acetone (Huateng), benzophenone (Kunman cross-linking agent) 2 parts by mass ratio of 1: 1), triallyl isocyanurate (Hunan Min isocyanurate) 2 parts, 1 part of a composite antioxidant (a mixture of tetra [3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ] pentaerythritol and tris [2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl ] phosphite in a mass ratio of 1: 1) and 3 parts of a lubricant (a mixture of polyethylene wax (Cocel), zinc stearate (Huajie), and silicone master batches (Wujiang, PMAF-15) in a mass ratio of 3:1: 1), wherein the parts are parts by mass.
Then the raw materials are put into a kneader to be mixed for 15 minutes at the temperature of 135 ℃, and then extruded and granulated by a twin screw at the temperature of 130 ℃ and 150 ℃. And finally, preparing a sample, extruding the obtained granules by a single screw at the temperature of 140-160 ℃, and then irradiating and crosslinking the granules by ultraviolet crosslinking equipment for 0.8s to obtain the cable, wherein the output power of the ultraviolet crosslinking equipment is 14kW, and the wavelength of ultraviolet light is 365 nm.
Table 1 table of properties of the cables obtained in each example
As can be seen from Table 1, in the example 1, the ultraviolet crosslinking high-flame-retardance low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material prepared by using the multi-wall carbon nano tube as the flame-retardant synergist and the photoinitiator compounded by the cationic initiator and the free radical initiator has higher flame retardance and better crosslinking degree than those of the ultraviolet crosslinking products in comparative examples 1-3, and has the advantages of less flame retardant consumption, high mechanical property and good heat resistance.
Claims (10)
1. The ultraviolet crosslinking high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material is characterized by comprising the following raw material components: 100 parts of base material, 100 parts of low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant, 130 parts of synergistic flame retardant, 5-15 parts of cationic initiator, 1-3 parts of free radical initiator, 1-5 parts of auxiliary crosslinking agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of composite antioxidant and 1-3 parts of lubricant, wherein the parts are in parts by mass; wherein, the base material is ethylene-vinyl acetate: ethylene-octene copolymer: linear low density polyethylene: the mass ratio of the maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene is (50-70): (5-20): (15-30): 10, a mixture of; the lubricant is polyethylene wax: zinc stearate: the mass ratio of the silicone master batch is (2.5-3.5) to 1: 1; the synergistic flame retardant is a multi-walled carbon nanotube.
2. The ultraviolet crosslinked high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of vinyl acetate in the ethylene-vinyl acetate is 26-28%, and the melt index is less than or equal to 6g/10 min.
3. The UV cross-linked high flame retardant low smoke zero halogen polyolefin cable material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the melt index of the ethylene octene copolymer is less than or equal to 3.6g/10 min; the grafting rate of the maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene is 1-3%.
4. The UV cross-linked high flame retardant low smoke zero halogen polyolefin cable material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the low smoke zero halogen flame retardant is at least one of magnesium hydroxide or aluminum hydroxide; the cation initiator is at least one of dimethyl iodonium salt, triaryl sulfonium salt, alkyl sulfonium salt, triaryl siloxy ether or iron arene salt; the free radical initiator is at least one of 2, 4, 6 (trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexane-phenyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone or benzophenone.
5. The ultraviolet crosslinking high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant is magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide with a mass ratio of 2: (0.8-1.2); the cationic initiator is dimethyl iodonium salt and triaryl sulfonium salt with the mass ratio of 1: (0.8-1.2); the mass ratio of the free radical initiator 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-acetone to the benzophenone is 1: (0.8-1.2).
6. The UV-crosslinked high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the auxiliary crosslinking agent is at least one of triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl hydroxyureate or trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate.
7. The UV-crosslinked high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the composite antioxidant is a mixture of at least two of tetrakis [3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate ] pentaerythritol, β - (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate n-octadecyl ester and tris [2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl ] phosphite.
8. The UV-crosslinked high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material according to claim 7, wherein the composite antioxidant is tetrakis [3- (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ] pentaerythritol and tris [2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl ] phosphite in a mass ratio of 1: (0.8-1.2).
9. The preparation method of the ultraviolet light crosslinking high flame retardant low smoke zero halogen polyolefin cable material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the base material ethylene-vinyl acetate, ethylene-octene copolymer, linear low density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, low smoke zero halogen flame retardant, synergistic flame retardant, cationic initiator, free radical initiator, cross-linking assistant agent, composite antioxidant and lubricant are put into a kneader with temperature of 130-.
10. The method for preparing a cable by using the ultraviolet crosslinking high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the ultraviolet crosslinking high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin cable material is extruded by a single screw at the temperature of 140 ℃ and 160 ℃, and then passes through ultraviolet crosslinking equipment for irradiation crosslinking, wherein the irradiation time is 0.6 to 0.9s, so as to obtain the cable, wherein the output power of the ultraviolet crosslinking equipment is 14kW, and the wavelength of ultraviolet light is 365 nm.
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