CN110727709A - Cluster database system - Google Patents
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- CN110727709A CN110727709A CN201910958331.9A CN201910958331A CN110727709A CN 110727709 A CN110727709 A CN 110727709A CN 201910958331 A CN201910958331 A CN 201910958331A CN 110727709 A CN110727709 A CN 110727709A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
- G06F16/24—Querying
- G06F16/245—Query processing
- G06F16/2458—Special types of queries, e.g. statistical queries, fuzzy queries or distributed queries
- G06F16/2471—Distributed queries
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/14—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in operation
- G06F11/1402—Saving, restoring, recovering or retrying
- G06F11/1446—Point-in-time backing up or restoration of persistent data
- G06F11/1458—Management of the backup or restore process
- G06F11/1464—Management of the backup or restore process for networked environments
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
- G06F16/27—Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database system; Distributed database system architectures therefor
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a cluster database system, which comprises a load balancing node, a shared storage node and a plurality of database nodes which are respectively connected with the load balancing node and the shared storage node in parallel, wherein: the load balancing node is used for forwarding the SQL request to the target database node according to a preset load balancing strategy; the target database node is a database node for responding to the SQL request; and the target database node is used for receiving the SQL request, executing corresponding SQL operation on the basis of cluster memory fusion in a memory fusion mode, and storing the data change content related to the SQL operation to the shared storage node. The cluster database system provided by the embodiment of the invention enables the embodiment of the invention to meet the service requirements of large service and high real-time performance.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of data processing, in particular to a cluster database system.
Background
The database cluster technology is a technology for combining a plurality of servers to form a cluster to realize the comprehensive performance superior to that of a single large-scale server, and the technology not only can meet the application requirement, but also greatly saves the investment cost. Database cluster technology belongs to two types of systems: database engine-based clustering techniques and database gateway (middleware) -based clustering techniques. In terms of database clustering products, there are mainly Oracle RAC, Microsoft MSCS, IBM DB2UDB, etc. which are database engine-based clustering technologies.
The continued development of computer technology has brought to an unprecedented level the computerized requirements of everyday operations by commercial and social institutions. Not only do the servers of these enterprises, organizations, and groups need to face the requirements of higher and higher access strength, but any downtime will cause serious losses, and even likely paralysis of the entire business operation. For the above reasons, database clustering technology and highly available technology have been developed. The database cluster technology is that the access load of a user is distributed to a plurality of database instances in a cluster, and the parallel processing of the plurality of database instances can greatly improve the bearing capacity of a database system; the main purpose of the high-availability system is to ensure the continuity and high reliability of the business system service, improve the user experience and provide high competitiveness of the technical layer for enterprises.
At present, methods for improving the bearing capacity of a database system are mainly divided into two types: distributed database systems and database cluster systems. The distributed database system features an application program that can transparently operate the database, and the data in the system are respectively stored in different local databases, managed by different DBMSs (database management systems), run on different machines, supported by different operating systems, and connected together by different communication networks. The database cluster system uses at least two or more database servers to form a virtual single database logical image, and provides transparent data service for clients like a single database system.
The distributed database system can meet the requirements of common service scenes and provide high performance bearing capacity and common availability guarantee, but if the service scenes have extremely high performance requirements and availability guarantee, the distributed database system cannot meet the requirements. In a distributed database system mode, the performance of a single-case database has an upper limit, and if a fault or downtime occurs, the processes of switching between the main and standby databases and recovering the main and standby databases often need several minutes to tens of minutes, which cannot be tolerated by certain service scenarios, such as banks and securities. The database cluster system can flexibly improve the performance by adding the database nodes, and for the characteristic of high availability, the database cluster system can further improve the high availability performance in a mode that the database nodes in the cluster can mutually recover data under the condition of failure. In general, a distributed database system runs distributed applications with relatively distributed resources (a large number of distributed applications are executed by several slave database servers and are deployed by a Master node); the database cluster system aggregates all data resources and supports large centralized application, namely, one large application is divided into a plurality of places to be executed.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve the problems in the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cluster database system, which includes a load balancing node, a shared storage node, and a plurality of database nodes respectively connected to the load balancing node and the shared storage node in parallel, where:
the load balancing node is used for forwarding the SQL request to the target database node according to a preset load balancing strategy; the target database node is a database node for responding to the SQL request;
and the target database node is used for receiving the SQL request, executing corresponding SQL operation on the basis of cluster memory fusion in a memory fusion mode, and storing the data change content related to the SQL operation to the shared storage node.
According to the cluster database system provided by the embodiment of the invention, on one hand, the sharing of cache data among all database nodes is realized in a memory fusion mode, so that the database nodes can quickly acquire updated data in real time, and on the other hand, the SQL request is forwarded to the target database node through the preset load balancing strategy, so that the resource allocation is optimized. In addition, each node in the database cluster can mutually execute data recovery, and if part of nodes in the database cluster have faults, the rest healthy nodes can execute data recovery for the fault nodes, and the service is not interrupted in the recovery process. The combination of the three aspects enables the embodiment of the invention to meet the service requirements of large traffic and high real-time performance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cluster database system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cluster database system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the cluster database system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a load balancing node 1, a shared storage node 3, and a plurality of database nodes 2 respectively connected to the load balancing node 1 and the shared storage node 3 in parallel, where:
the load balancing node 1 is used for forwarding an SQL request to a target database node according to a preset load balancing strategy; the target database node is a database node 2 for responding to the SQL request. It can be understood that the preset load balancing policy is used for balancing the load among the database nodes 2, and the software and hardware resources of the database nodes in the cluster are used for balancing, so as to improve the execution efficiency of the database cluster. The load balancing node 1 may include: the system comprises a load balancing module and a database access control module; the Load Balance module (Load Balance) is used for providing a preset Load Balance strategy; and the access control module is used for managing cluster connection. It can be understood that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the database access control module accesses and controls each database node 2 in the database cluster by using a preset load balancing policy to determine a target database node. Further, the load balancing module is an optional module, and may not be used, and under the condition that the module is not used, the client or the Web server may send the SQL request to the target database node.
The target database node is used for receiving the SQL request, executing corresponding SQL operation on the basis of cluster memory fusion in a memory fusion mode, and storing data change content related to the SQL operation to the shared storage node 3. Furthermore, the data alteration content related to the SQL operation can be stored in the shared storage node 3 under a specific mechanism, and some necessary data synchronization among multiple database nodes can be performed.
On one hand, the memory fusion mode is that on the one hand, the memory data among all database nodes in the cluster are communicated in a high-speed intranet mode, and can be accessed and shared; on the other hand, concurrency control is coordinated among a plurality of database nodes in the cluster, so that operations among the plurality of nodes can be executed in a method conforming to the characteristics of database ACID. The plurality of database nodes 2 may correspond to the same service, for example, for a securities trading service, 50 data nodes 2 may be used to operate simultaneously, and it is ensured that data corresponding to the service may be concurrently operated among the plurality of nodes under the condition of meeting the requirement of the ACID characteristic of the database. The database node 2 can perform read operation and write operation on the same data in the shared storage, and is used for performing corresponding SQL operation according to the received SQL request; sharing data in the target database node with other database nodes is achieved through the shared storage node 3 and the memory fusion service; and the necessary real-time synchronization of the change information is realized after the SQL operation is carried out on the target database node. The synchronized information may include system data information, and is not particularly limited.
It can be understood that each database node 2 in the database cluster according to the embodiment of the present invention is networked in parallel through an intranet switch.
And the shared storage node 3 is used for sharing the SQL operation record message with other database nodes in a memory fusion mode. A plurality of database nodes 2 share a share of data storage resources on a shared storage node 3, which shared storage node 3 may use a common shared storage server, such as a disk array.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages: the memory fusion technology enables a plurality of database nodes 2 to simultaneously support a set of services, the total performance of the system rises along with the increase of the number of the database nodes 2, and the problem of insufficient service capability caused by the upper limit of the performance of a single machine in a database system can be solved.
According to the cluster database system provided by the embodiment of the invention, on one hand, the sharing of cache data among database nodes and the concurrency control mechanism of data resources are realized in a memory fusion mode, so that the database nodes can quickly acquire updated data in real time, on the other hand, SQL requests are forwarded to target database nodes through a preset load balancing strategy, so that the resource configuration is optimized, and the combination of the two aspects enables the embodiment of the invention to meet the service requirements of large service and high real-time performance.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the database node is a PostgreSQL database, and the preset load balancing policy includes load balancing among all the database nodes and load balancing among all processes of all the database nodes; correspondingly, the target database node 2 is specifically configured to: receiving the SQL request, and controlling a target process to execute corresponding SQL operation; wherein the target process is one of all processes in the database node for responding to the SQL request. Because a single PostgreSQL database instance is a multi-process system, the PostgreSQL database instance establishes a database service process for each database access connection, and the process completes execution of SQL statements, the preset load balancing policy in the embodiment of the present invention may include load balancing among all database nodes and load balancing among all processes of all database nodes; and then, controlling the target process to execute the corresponding SQL operation.
It will be appreciated that in order to be able to maximise the performance of the multi-core CPU using the database nodes 2 in the database cluster, a number of connections may be established with each database node 2 in the database cluster, the number of connections may be dependent on the CPU performance of the database node 2.
It can be understood that the load conditions of each database node 2 and each process need to be evaluated in real time, so as to flexibly adjust the load between the database nodes 2 and realize the load balance between the database nodes 2 and the load balance between the processes. The process accessible by the user database connection can be dynamically adjusted to balance the task load among the processes in the database node 2, so that the performance of the CPU is exerted, and the high-performance characteristic of the system is guaranteed.
It will be appreciated that the data types of the database system are user data and data for system administration maintenance. The user data mainly refers to a user data table, an index table and the like; data for system maintenance and management such as system dictionaries, visibility maps, free space maps, etc. When the database instance is a PostgreSQL database instance according to the embodiment of the present invention, because in a PostgreSQL kernel environment, management-type data attached to user data, such as a visibility mapping table (VM) and a free space mapping table (FSM), cannot be flexibly operated and shared like the user data. Therefore, a new method is proposed in the present invention for operating, managing and accessing such data:
when the cluster is started or reconstructed, the management and operation authority of the management class data attached to the user data in the PostgreSQL kernel environment is divided and distributed to each node in the cluster. When the SQL execution flow needs to operate or access the data, the node responsible for managing the related system data is accessed according to the division result of the authority, and the related operation is executed in a remote calling mode.
In the invention, the remote call flow of the management data attached to the user data in the PostgreSQL kernel environment is executed in an asynchronous mode mostly so as to reduce the system overhead as much as possible; when a small part of operations must use a synchronization method, such as a process of applying for a space in a Free Space (FSM) and inserting data, the invention executes related operations in a synchronization mode.
It is understood that the present invention employs different access, execution, and synchronization processes for system management, maintenance class data, such as system dictionary, visibility mapping table, free space mapping table, etc., than for user data.
It can be understood that, when a database section with a fault occurs in the database cluster, the above process also starts a cluster reconfiguration process, which may specifically include: the method comprises the steps of regenerating the mapping relation between database nodes and table management nodes, reallocating the management nodes of each data table in a cluster, and executing data recovery in the case of failure recovery.
The cluster database system provided by the embodiment of the invention responds to the SQL request by distributing at least one SQL service process; furthermore, by increasing the database nodes and increasing the number of SQL service processes of each database node, the total performance of the database cluster system is improved, so that the embodiment of the invention meets the service requirements of large traffic and high real-time performance.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the cluster database system is specifically configured to:
and if the failed database node with the fault is detected, controlling the rest database nodes to acquire the log file of the failed database node through the shared storage node 3, and recovering the data content of the failed database node according to the log file. Each database node in the database cluster of the embodiment of the invention corresponds to a shared storage node, and can be understood as a shared file storage system. When a single point or a part of database nodes are out of order (for example, are out of order), the rest of database nodes can be recovered according to the log files of the database nodes which are out of order (namely, the failed database nodes). This process only requires another database node that is functioning properly to read the failed node file and perform the recovery.
Under the mechanism of memory fusion, the resources applied by the fault node and the managed resources are in a temporarily unavailable state and can be reused after recovery is completed. In this step, the user only experiences a certain delay, and the SQL request that has been transmitted to the failed node can be completed by the remaining database nodes. The method ensures the isolation and persistence principles of the database system and improves the high availability of the system.
The cluster database system provided by the embodiment of the invention can support automatic recovery under the condition that the database node fails, and ensures that the service is not interfered when the database node fails.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the clustered database system is further specifically configured to:
providing a fault detection method, and determining the condition of faults in the cluster; if at least one surviving healthy node exists in the database cluster, determining one database node from all the remaining database nodes to execute the data recovery work of the failed database node, and ensuring the data durability of a database system; if all the database nodes in the database cluster fail, determining that the whole cluster stops service, and not executing recovery operation; when the cluster is started, all database log information under the shared storage node is checked firstly, whether recovery needs to be executed or not is judged, and when recovery needs to be executed, the database node which is started firstly executes data recovery.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the database node 2 includes an SQL executor module, a system data synchronization service module, and a shared buffer management service module, where:
the SQL executor module is used for carrying out corresponding SQL operation according to the received SQL request and realizing the synchronization and control coordinated with the system data synchronization service module and the shared buffer management service module; the system data synchronization service module is used for synchronizing the changed system table information to other database nodes in real time under the condition of carrying out SQL operation design DDL operation; the shared buffer management service module is used for allowing multiple nodes to perform read-write concurrent access meeting the requirement of the ACID characteristics of the database aiming at the same data resource by utilizing a multi-node read-write concurrent control technology. It can be understood that the SQL executor module of any database node in the database cluster does not communicate with the SQL executor modules of other database nodes, the system data synchronization service module of any database node in the database cluster needs to communicate with the system data synchronization service modules of other database nodes, and the shared buffer management service module of any database node in the database cluster needs to communicate with the shared buffer management service modules of other database nodes.
It can be understood that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the shared buffer management service module shares all data blocks in the target database node with other database nodes in a buffer sharing manner, for example, the sharing may include: a dirty page of data that has been committed but not written to the persistent storage media, a block of data that was read by a SELECT operation but has not been changed, and a block of data that is being changed but is uncommitted. Therefore, the expense of IO (input/output) operation of the shared storage server on the disk is reduced, and the overall performance of the system is improved.
The cluster database system provided by the embodiment of the invention further effectively realizes synchronous control and concurrent reading and writing.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the clustered database system is further configured to:
determining the preset load balancing strategy according to a management node mapping table; the management node mapping table comprises each database node and corresponding state information thereof.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the fault detection method includes:
every other preset time period, each database node detects whether all other database nodes have faults or not; every other preset time period, each database node detects the running health state of each service in the database node; an anomaly is detected during network communications.
The cluster database system provided by the embodiment of the invention can support automatic switching under the condition that the database node fails, and ensures that the service is not interfered when the database node fails.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the database node further includes a global transaction management module, which is specifically configured to:
the transaction allocation and transaction management mechanism for managing all database nodes provides a global management and control method among multiple database nodes. It will be appreciated that, of the global transaction management modules on all database nodes 2, one serves as a master service and the remainder all serve as backup services. When the cluster is initialized, a global transaction management module on one node is selected as a master transaction service through a specific mechanism, and the rest is used as a standby.
It will be appreciated that the master service of the global transaction management needs to synchronize the corresponding control class information and data to the standby service. When the node where the master control service of global transaction management is located is abnormal, restarting the voting process, selecting a standby node as a new master control node through a specific mechanism, and then continuously providing service.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the cluster database system is an Uxdb SRAC cluster database system. And is not particularly limited.
In the database Uxdb SRAC cluster system provided in this embodiment, a database system of a single database instance is extended to a database cluster system of multiple database instances, the multiple database instances are connected in parallel in a networking manner, all database instances in the database cluster share all data files stored in the shared storage node in a shared storage manner, and each database instance in the database cluster can access all data file resources stored in the shared storage node; sharing of data blocks among database instances in the database cluster is achieved through a buffer area sharing mode, and each database node in the database cluster can obtain data block resources of the latest version on other database nodes. The embodiment realizes a high-performance and high-security database Uxdb SRAC cluster system, and can ensure the sharing and synchronization of the database Uxdb SRAC cluster system to the data blocks and the data files by using a shared storage mode and a buffer area sharing mode.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: all or part of the steps for implementing the method embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to program instructions, and the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when executed, the program performs the steps including the method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic or optical disks.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and are not limited thereto; although embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A cluster database system is characterized by comprising a load balancing node, a shared storage node and a plurality of database nodes which are respectively connected with the load balancing node and the shared storage node in parallel, wherein:
the load balancing node is used for forwarding the SQL request to the target database node according to a preset load balancing strategy; the target database node is a database node for responding to the SQL request;
and the target database node is used for receiving the SQL request, executing corresponding SQL operation on the basis of cluster memory fusion in a memory fusion mode, and storing the data change content related to the SQL operation to the shared storage node.
2. The clustered database system of claim 1, wherein the database nodes are PostgreSQL databases, and the pre-set load balancing policy includes load balancing among all database nodes and load balancing among all processes of all database nodes; correspondingly, the target database node is specifically configured to:
receiving the SQL request, and controlling a target process to execute corresponding SQL operation; wherein the target process is one of all processes in the database node for responding to the SQL request.
3. The clustered database system of claim 2, wherein the clustered database system is specifically configured to:
and if the failed database node with the fault is detected, controlling the rest database nodes to acquire the log file of the failed database node through the shared storage node, and recovering the data content of the failed database node according to the log file.
4. The clustered database system of claim 3, wherein the clustered database system is further specifically configured to:
providing a fault detection method, and determining the condition of faults in the cluster;
if at least one surviving healthy node exists in the database cluster, determining one database node from all the remaining database nodes to execute the data recovery work of the failed database node, and ensuring the data durability of a database system;
if all the database nodes in the database cluster fail, determining that the whole cluster stops service, and not executing recovery operation; when the cluster is started, all database log information under the shared storage node is checked firstly, whether recovery needs to be executed or not is judged, and when recovery needs to be executed, the database node which is started firstly executes data recovery.
5. The clustered database system of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the database nodes comprise an SQL executor module, a system data synchronization service module and a shared buffer management service module, wherein:
the SQL executor module is used for carrying out corresponding SQL operation according to the received SQL request and realizing the synchronization and control coordinated with the system data synchronization service module and the shared buffer management service module;
the system data synchronization service module is used for synchronizing the changed system table information to other database nodes in real time under the condition of carrying out SQL operation design DDL operation;
the shared buffer management service module is used for allowing multiple nodes to perform read-write concurrent access meeting the requirement of the ACID characteristics of the database aiming at the same data resource by utilizing a multi-node read-write concurrent control technology.
6. The clustered database system of claim 5, wherein the clustered database system is further configured to:
determining the preset load balancing strategy according to a management node mapping table; the management node mapping table comprises each database node and corresponding state information thereof.
7. The clustered database system of claim 5, wherein the clustered database system is further configured to:
every other preset time period, each database node detects whether all other database nodes have faults or not; every other preset time period, each database node detects the running health state of each service in the database node; an anomaly is detected during network communications.
8. The clustered database system of claim 5, wherein the database node further comprises a global transaction management module, specifically configured to:
the transaction allocation and transaction management mechanism for managing all database nodes provides a global management and control method among multiple database nodes.
9. The clustered database system of claim 8, wherein the clustered database system is an UxdbsSRAC clustered database system.
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