CN110719126A - Covert communication method suitable for MIMO communication system - Google Patents
Covert communication method suitable for MIMO communication system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110719126A CN110719126A CN201910832575.2A CN201910832575A CN110719126A CN 110719126 A CN110719126 A CN 110719126A CN 201910832575 A CN201910832575 A CN 201910832575A CN 110719126 A CN110719126 A CN 110719126A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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- H04W12/03—Protecting confidentiality, e.g. by encryption
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Abstract
The invention discloses a covert communication method suitable for an MIMO communication system, which comprises the following contents: acquiring the number vector of transmitting antennas of the MIMO communication system for carrying out different covert information content communication and recording the number vector as a covert antenna number vector; generating a codebook corresponding to each hidden antenna number of the hidden antenna number vector; randomly generating hidden information to be transmitted, and embedding the hidden information into a transmitting sequence for transmission according to a generated codebook; separating the received information sequence at a receiving end of the MIMO communication system to acquire hidden information; and solving the error rate according to the hidden information transmitted by the transmitting end and the hidden information acquired by the receiving end. The method is simple, easy to implement, and high in concealment, and can be implemented in a physical layer; in addition, the number of antennas for transmitting the hidden information can be dynamically adjusted, namely, the channel capacity can be dynamically allocated, the requirements for transmitting different hidden information quantities can be met, and the adaptability is wide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a covert communication method suitable for an MIMO communication system.
Background
A covert channel is a communication channel that allows a process to communicate information in a form that violates the security policy of the system. In short, a covert channel is a communication channel that is intended to be used to convey information. Covert channels have now been widely used for secure transmission of network information data, and at first, covert channels are considered as security threats for stand-alone systems, and most of research on covert channels is directed to multi-level security systems. With the proliferation of computer systems, the focus of covert channels is gradually shifting to computer network protocols. As the public channel of computer network provides the carrier for the hidden channel, the application research of the network hidden channel is increasing with the development of the network.
The study of covert channels currently has two directions: the method is used for constructing the covert channel and detecting the covert channel. In addition to the reason that information leaked through covert channels has become more and more important in recent years, the proliferation of network traffic has also provided it with a good cover. The physical layer covert communication is to conceal private information to be transmitted into huge information flow of a network, and the covert information disappears as long as the information is judged to enter an application layer from the physical layer.
The covert channel is an extension of information hiding technology, which does not expose ciphertext to an attacker like encryption methods, but passes information covertly from one end to the other by hiding the communication channel. Therefore, the covert channel is one of the important methods for ensuring the safe transmission of information, and the high-performance covert channel can resist the attack and the damage of a third party and has larger channel capacity and information transmission rate.
The existing research results use BPSK modulation technology to carry hidden information, keep silent antenna in the specified time slot, and make the transmitting and receiving antennas perform appointed transceiving in the rest time, so as to transmit the hidden information, but the method has the following disadvantages: the information received by the wireless communication eavesdropper can be scrambled, so that the eavesdropper can know the existence of hidden communication to a certain extent, and the concealment of the system can be threatened.
In addition, in the paper covermimo, a Covert Uplink Transmission Scheme for mimo systems, a method for modifying CSI information of an Uplink is proposed, an S matrix of singular value decomposition is encoded in a control link for CSI measurement, a V matrix of singular value decomposition is encoded in a data link, and a receiving end demodulates corresponding information. The method coordinates operation in the control channel and the data channel, in particular CSI feedback in the control channel. The covert transmitter and receiver will agree in advance on some obvious message, and during uplink communications the covert transmitter will make some slight modifications in the control and data channels so that the message recovered in the covert receiver will exhibit some perceptible deviation from the pre-specified signal; by means of the offset, some hidden information can be encoded. But this method is too complex and carries a limited amount of information.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a covert communication method which is simple in implementation process, better in information concealment and capable of meeting transmission requirements of different amounts of covert information.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a covert communication method applicable to a MIMO communication system, comprising the steps of:
step 3, randomly generating the hidden information to be transmitted, and embedding the hidden information into the transmitting sequence for transmission according to the codebook generated in the step 2;
step 4, separating the received information sequence at a receiving end of the MIMO communication system to acquire hidden information;
and 5, solving the error rate according to the hidden information transmitted in the step 3 and the hidden information acquired in the step 4.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: 1) a hidden channel is constructed on the physical layer at the bottommost layer, and the voltage information is directly judged to be 0 or 1 in error on the physical layer, so that the hidden information is lost, and the concealment is better; 2) the hidden information is embedded into the transmitted public information sequence, the information which is eavesdropped by an eavesdropper is completely normal, and the concealment is better than the previous research result; 3) the number of the antennas for transmitting the hidden information can be dynamically adjusted, namely, the channel capacity can be dynamically distributed, the requirements for transmitting different amounts of the hidden information can be met, the difficulty of eavesdropping by an eavesdropper is increased, and the eavesdropper cannot distinguish how much information is transmitted hidden information at the moment.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a MIMO system.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a transmitting end of a MIMO system.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a receiving end of a MIMO system.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a covert communication method applicable to a MIMO communication system in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an offset constellation of a 4QAM modulation scheme.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the trend of the bit error rate of the public communication along with the change of the signal-to-noise ratio for different numbers of antennas for transmitting the hidden information in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a trend chart of the bit error rate of the covert communication varying with the signal-to-noise ratio for different numbers of antennas for transmitting the covert information in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a graph showing the trend of the bit error rate of the public communication with the variation of the offset distance for different numbers of antennas for transmitting the hidden information in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a trend graph of the bit error rate of the covert communication varying with the offset distance for different numbers of antennas for transmitting the covert information in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
With reference to fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a covert communication method suitable for a MIMO communication system, and with reference to fig. 4, the method includes the following steps:
step 3, randomly generating the hidden information to be transmitted, and embedding the hidden information into the transmitting sequence for transmission according to the codebook generated in the step 2;
step 4, separating the received information sequence at a receiving end of the MIMO communication system to acquire hidden information;
and 5, solving the error rate according to the hidden information transmitted in the step 3 and the hidden information acquired in the step 4.
Further, the step 1 of obtaining the number vector of the transmitting antennas of the MIMO communication system for performing different hidden information amount communications is recorded as the number vector of the hidden antennas, and specifically includes:
step 1-1, assuming that N transmitting antennas of the MIMO communication system exist, respectively selecting 1, 2, a
To
Step 1-2, transmitting the quantity of each message
Are all converted to not more than
The maximum power of 2, where i takes a value of 1 to N/2;
and step 1-3, aiming at the same power of 2, reserving the condition that the number of the transmitting antennas for carrying out covert communication corresponding to the power of 2 is the minimum, thereby obtaining the vector of the number of the transmitting antennas, namely the vector of the number of the covert antennas, of the MIMO communication system for carrying out different covert information communication.
Further, in step 2, for each hidden antenna number of the vector of the number of hidden antennas, a codebook corresponding to the vector of the number of hidden antennas is generated, specifically:
suppose a covert skyLine number vector I ═ n1,n2,...,nk]；
Step 2-1, aiming at n in the number vector of the hidden antennasiBinary coding is carried out on all transmitting antennas of the MIMO communication system to obtain
N coding sequences, each coding sequence having N i1, and the rest is 0;
step 2-2, aiming at n in the number vector of the hidden antennasiCorresponding to the integer power value c of 2, 2 is generatedcThe c-bit binary coding sequence is marked as a hidden information original code;
step 2-3, in step 2-1
N-bit coding sequence and 2 in step 2-2cThe c bit binary code sequences are in one-to-one correspondence to obtain n in the concealed antenna number vectoriA corresponding codebook.
Further, in step 4, separating the received information sequence at the receiving end of the MIMO communication system to obtain the hidden information, specifically:
step 4-1, the receiving end obtains the number n of the antennae for transmitting the hidden information by the transmitting end according to the priori knowledgei；
Step 4-2, taking an ideal constellation point in a constellation diagram corresponding to the signal modulation mode selected by the MIMO communication system as a reference, and extracting n with the maximum distance deviating from the ideal constellation point from each data frame by the receiving endiTransmitting antennas corresponding to each constellation point; fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an offset constellation corresponding to a 4QAM modulation scheme;
4-3, generating an N-bit all-0 coding sequence by the receiving end, and setting the coding corresponding to the transmitting antenna extracted in the step 4-2 as 1;
and 4-4, according to the codebook obtained in the step 2, translating the code obtained in the step 4-3 into a hidden information original code transmitted by a transmitting terminal.
Illustratively, in one embodiment, the signal modulation scheme in step 4-2 specifically adopts a 4QAM modulation scheme.
Examples
The MIMO communication system adopted in this embodiment includes 16 mutually independent antenna arrays for transmitting and receiving signals; the method comprises the steps of selecting a simulation environment with an environment signal-to-noise ratio of 10db to 20db, selecting a relative distance of 1 to 2 for a constellation offset distance, setting a step length to be 0.2, wherein the relative distance is a relative normal modulation multi-offset distance, namely a modulation signal waveform amplitude phase multi-offset value, selecting common additive white Gaussian noise in a channel for noise distribution, precoding by a transmitting end, and detecting by adopting an MMSE detection method. The method of the present invention was verified based on the above experimental conditions.
When there are 16 antennas at the transmitting antenna end, the trend graphs of the bit error rate of public communication and the bit error rate of covert communication changing with the signal-to-noise ratio under the condition of 10db to 20db are respectively shown in fig. 6 and fig. 7 aiming at different number of antennas for transmitting covert information. As can be seen from the figure, the signal-to-noise ratio is higher and higher, the bit error rate is gradually reduced, and finally, the signal-to-noise ratio reaches 10 respectively-3And 10-4Within the range of reliable communication standards.
When there are 16 antennas at the transmitting antenna end, for different numbers of antennas for transmitting the hidden information, the trend graphs of the bit error rate of the public communication and the bit error rate of the hidden communication changing with the offset distance when the offset relative distance is 1 to 2 are respectively shown in fig. 8 and fig. 9. As can be seen from the figure, the error rate of covert communication gradually decreases as the offset distance becomes longer, but the error rate of overt communication hardly changes, so that it can be seen that the covert communication system hardly affects the overt communication and can deliver covert information.
As can be seen from the above, the error rate is reduced within a certain range along with the increase of the number of the selected hidden antennas, and the technical standard of reliable communication is met. And through calculation, the communication mode can reach the transmission rate of 300kb per second through calculation, and can meet the requirements of most of communication.
The invention constructs a physical layer channel of encrypted communication on the basis of an MIMO system, so that the information of encrypted communication and open communication can be normally transmitted on the MIMO channel, and the hidden information bit is constructed through the difference of the selected number of the hidden communication antennas, so that the hidden information is embedded into the transmitting antenna, and finally the aim that the hidden communication and the open communication cannot be intercepted by an eavesdropper is fulfilled. The method of the invention is simple, easy to realize, and realized in the physical layer, the concealment is high, in addition, the number of the antennas for transmitting the concealed information can be dynamically adjusted, namely the channel capacity can be dynamically distributed, the requirements for transmitting different concealed information amounts can be met, and the adaptability is wide.
Claims (5)
1. A covert communication method applicable to a MIMO communication system, comprising the steps of:
step 1, acquiring a transmitting antenna number vector of an MIMO communication system for carrying out different hidden information amount communication and recording the transmitting antenna number vector as a hidden antenna number vector;
step 2, generating a corresponding codebook aiming at each hidden antenna number of the hidden antenna number vector;
step 3, randomly generating the hidden information to be transmitted, and embedding the hidden information into the transmitting sequence for transmission according to the codebook generated in the step 2;
step 4, separating the received information sequence at a receiving end of the MIMO communication system to acquire hidden information;
and 5, solving the error rate according to the hidden information transmitted in the step 3 and the hidden information acquired in the step 4.
2. The blind communication method applicable to MIMO communication system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said obtaining the transmit antenna number vector of the MIMO communication system for different blind information amount communication is recorded as the blind antenna number vector in step 1, and specifically comprises:
step 1-1, assuming that N transmitting antennas of the MIMO communication system exist, respectively selecting 1, 2, a
To
Step 1-2, transmitting the quantity of each message
Are all converted to not more than
The maximum power of 2, where i takes a value of 1 to N/2;
and step 1-3, aiming at the same power of 2, reserving the condition that the number of the transmitting antennas for carrying out covert communication corresponding to the power of 2 is the minimum, thereby constructing a transmitting antenna number vector, namely a covert antenna number vector, of the MIMO communication system for carrying out different covert information amount communication.
3. The blind communication method applicable to MIMO communication system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step 2 generates a codebook corresponding to each blind antenna number of the blind antenna number vector, specifically:
suppose the hidden antenna number vector I ═ n1,n2,...,nk]；
Step 2-1, aiming at n in the number vector of the hidden antennasiBinary coding is carried out on all transmitting antennas of the MIMO communication system to obtainN coding sequences, each coding sequence having Ni1, and the rest is 0;
step 2-2, aiming at n in the number vector of the hidden antennasiCorresponding to the integer power value c of 2, 2 is generatedcThe c-bit binary coding sequence is marked as a hidden information original code;
step 2-3, in step 2-1
N-bit coding sequence and 2 in step 2-2cThe c bit binary code sequences are in one-to-one correspondence to obtain n in the concealed antenna number vectoriA corresponding codebook.
4. The covert communication method applicable to a MIMO communication system as claimed in claim 3, wherein said step 4 of separating the received information sequence at the receiving end of the MIMO communication system to obtain the covert information comprises:
step 4-1, the receiving end obtains the number n of the antennae for transmitting the hidden information by the transmitting end according to the priori knowledgei；
Step 4-2, taking an ideal constellation point in a constellation diagram corresponding to the signal modulation mode selected by the MIMO communication system as a reference, and extracting n with the maximum distance deviating from the ideal constellation point from each data frame by the receiving endiTransmitting antennas corresponding to each constellation point;
4-3, generating an N-bit all-0 coding sequence by the receiving end, and setting the coding corresponding to the transmitting antenna extracted in the step 4-2 as 1;
and 4-4, according to the codebook obtained in the step 2, translating the code obtained in the step 4-3 into a hidden information original code transmitted by a transmitting terminal.
5. The blind communication method applicable to MIMO communication system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the signal modulation scheme of step 4-2 specifically adopts a 4QAM modulation scheme.
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