CN110706006B - Supply chain logistics traceability system with block chain multi-chain cooperation - Google Patents
Supply chain logistics traceability system with block chain multi-chain cooperation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a block chain multi-chain collaborative supply chain logistics traceability system, which comprises: the system comprises a resource management layer, a block information layer, a system management layer and an application service layer, wherein the resource management layer, the block information layer, the system management layer and the application service layer are supported layer by layer from the bottom layer to the top layer, the system management layer is gradually close to user application from the resource management layer to the application service layer, and the system management layer is gradually close to physical resources from the application service layer to the resource management layer. The logistics traceability system based on the block chain technology is innovative in the field of intelligent logistics systems and has wide application prospects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of block chain application, in particular to a supply chain logistics traceability system based on block chain multi-chain collaboration.
Background
Logistics is an important part of social and economic life, and is defined by the national standard as: the flow of the item from the supply to the receiving entity. The basic functions of transportation, storage, distribution, information processing and the like are organically combined according to actual needs. The supply chain is a functional network chain structure which is formed by controlling information flow, logistics and fund flow, manufacturing intermediate products and final products from the raw material purchase, and finally sending the products to the consumer by a sales network to connect suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and end users into a whole. Logistics is part of the supply chain process, and supply chain logistics no longer emphasizes isolated optimization activities, but rather enhances supply chain enterprise group collaboration.
With the progress of technology and the development of society, the logistics industry is undergoing a staged change, the traditional logistics operation mode is changed into an intelligent logistics mode, the technologies such as internet of things and artificial intelligence enhance the quick information identification and partial inference capabilities, the traceability is an important means for logistics information circulation of a supply chain, the goal is to effectively manage logistics activities, improve circulation efficiency and level and realize product quality control, but the traceability system constructed by the current intelligent technology still cannot solve the following problems:
(1) counterfeit and shoddy products exist in the supply chain for a long time, and no effective measures are taken for management and control;
(2) information of a logistics system is obtained unequally, information transmission links are multiple, transparency is lacked, information is distorted and amplified, and system efficiency is affected;
(3) the potential risk that the contract cannot be normally fulfilled exists in the logistics, and the time and labor are wasted when disputes are handled and evidences and accountability are performed;
(4) the logistics business data is maintained by a central mechanism, the problems of packet loss and bin burst, miscarrying and misleading, information leakage and the like in logistics operation generally exist, and the existing centralized method cannot effectively guarantee fairness and credibility of information flow.
Therefore, according to the needs of the prior art, a safe and trusted traceability system with transparent information and clear authority needs to be constructed in the current supply chain logistics, and the blockchain technology is an efficient solution for trusted traceability. The block chain has the excellent characteristics of non-falsification, traceability, decentralization and support of trust mechanisms of all parties in construction transaction, and is the technical drive of supply chain logistics traceability development. The blockchain is a distributed public classified book, and information records are restricted through a consensus mechanism of each participant, which means that shared information among cooperative members of the supply chain is public, transparent and unchangeable, and is a precondition for efficient operation of traceability; the block link data can not be tampered and the timestamp exists, so that disputes of participating subjects can be effectively solved, and easy evidentiary evidence and accountability can be realized; the non-tampering and the de-mediation of the traceability information can also greatly improve the phenomena of logistics counterfeiting and faking. In summary, the blockchain helps to reduce the trust cost of supply chain logistics and improve operational efficiency.
Supply chain logistics traceability is a field which is well paid attention by the industry and academia for a long time, and a lot of work is carried out, aiming at realizing the quality control of logistics products and building a trust mechanism of each party of supply chain logistics, thereby improving the circulation efficiency and level. The prior art includes: the tracing of the part of the process of the aquatic product supply chain can be completed by using RFID, EPC and other Internet of things equipment; the whole-process tracing of agricultural products can be completed through RFID equipment by using database integration and algorithm encryption technology; a set of quality and safety control information system of the supply chain can be constructed, information is shared among supply chain members, and the operation efficiency is improved.
The supply chain logistics traceability system mostly uses the central database and the extranet internet of things acquisition equipment, so that the operation process can be accelerated, the traceability application is realized, and the problems in many aspects such as the safety risk, the counterfeit and the dispute handling difficulty of the central database cannot be effectively solved. And from the prior research, the block chain technology lacks a complete technical system and solution in the supply chain logistics traceability, and a series of key technical problems are not effectively solved, and the problems comprise:
(1) supply chain logistics comprises complex processes of transportation, storage, distribution and the like, and relates to a plurality of participants, and heterogeneous Internet of things equipment has various data types and large information amount, the existing block chain has limited storage performance and insufficient query capability, and the actual requirements of data storage and information rapid query analysis cannot be effectively met;
(2) the authenticity and reliability of the information on the chain are one of the prerequisites for the efficient operation of the blockchain traceability system. The currently common method is to use the internet of things equipment to collect data, reduce human intervention factors and enhance the fidelity of information chaining, but the method is not enough to effectively guarantee the authenticity of the information, and a more perfect mechanism is needed to further strengthen;
(3) the internet of things equipment is a basic carrier for front-end information acquisition, and an effective control mechanism is lacked in the current research to ensure the safety and the reliability of the internet of things edge equipment. In addition, a large amount of heterogeneous data acquisition needs preprocessing, which causes an excessive burden to a traceability system, increases delay, and wastes time and labor.
(4) Data security is an important basis of a blockchain traceability system, an efficient consensus mechanism is an important component of the blockchain, and further research on authority distribution, an encryption mechanism and a consensus algorithm is also necessary work of the current blockchain traceability system and needs to be further enhanced and deepened.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a block chain multi-chain collaborative supply chain logistics traceability system, which solves or improves the problems by constructing a relatively complete block chain logistics traceability technical system, promotes further application in the field to fall to the ground and be implemented. The system designs a traceability system operation mechanism facing supply chain logistics on the basis of a block chain technical theory, provides a fusion system of information, credit and rules, effectively combines 'fidelity' of uplink information and 'authenticity' in operation, solves the problems in the current logistics operation, explores a new method that data can not be falsified and can be efficiently stored and retrieved, expands a control mechanism and a calculation task of edge equipment, and provides an effective implementation method for the implementation of a new mode of a credible logistics business.
The invention aims to provide a block chain multi-chain collaborative supply chain logistics traceability system, which comprises: the system comprises a resource management layer, a block information layer, a system management layer and an application service layer, wherein the resource management layer, the block information layer, the system management layer and the application service layer are supported layer by layer from the bottom layer to the top layer, the system management layer is gradually close to user application from the resource management layer to the application service layer, and the system management layer is gradually close to physical resources from the application service layer to the resource management layer.
Preferably, the resource management layer relates to physical resource system management, the resources are divided into computing resources, peripheral resources, storage resources and network resources, and the resources are abstracted into a distributed file system, a distributed database, edge computing devices, a virtual machine/container and a network protocol according to the bottom requirements of the block chain, the distributed file system is used for storing traceability key information and information on a credit chain, the distributed database is used for storing product attribute information, the edge computing devices belong to authenticated terminal devices and are used for collecting data and undertaking part of computing tasks, the virtual machine/container is used for running an intelligent contract instance, and the network protocol is used for consensus and communication.
Preferably, the block information layer is a data abstraction layer of a tracing block chain system, and includes all block chain underlying data related to business logic, the block information layer is divided into a tracing key information block, a credit block, an intelligent contract and attribute information, the tracing key information block includes supply chain products and user key uplink information, the credit block includes user credit transition information, the intelligent contract includes an intelligent contract code, and the attribute information stores non-key attribute information of the supply chain logistics products.
Preferably, the system management layer relates to a system level function of a tracing source block chain, and the system management layer integrates user authority setting, uplink policy, intelligent contract management, consensus algorithm, and system management function modules of system monitoring, multi-chain interaction, and information fusion, so as to complete the implementation of core system functions, wherein the user authority setting includes setting of authorities of supply chain upstream and downstream participants and authorities of terminal product users.
Preferably, the application service layer is interfaced with system users, and the system users comprise suppliers, carriers, retailers, consumer users and supervision departments, and provide the functions of product source tracing, data analysis and system operation and maintenance according to different authorities and security certification requirements through a uniform user interface.
Preferably, the block chain multi-chain collaborative supply chain logistics traceability system adopts a traceability multi-chain guarantee and collaborative work mechanism, and the multi-chain comprises a logistics information chain, a supervision credit chain and an intelligent contract chain, which respectively correspond to three systems of logistics information, supervision credit and execution rules.
Preferably, the block chain multi-chain collaborative supply chain logistics traceability system adopts a 'certificate and counterfeit' feedback punishment mechanism as an effective supplement of an uplink 'fidelity' mechanism, the 'certificate and counterfeit' feedback punishment mechanism designs a supervision credit system, nodes of the system relate to supervision departments, third-party mechanisms and supply chain users, the node users have the inquiry function of a logistics information chain, and also initiate credit evaluation operation according to information of all aspects, and determine a user credit evaluation result, modify a credit state value and store credit transition records and certificates in a credit chain through data verification, information broadcasting and node consensus links; wherein, the query rule corresponding to the query function of the logistics information chain and/or the punishment rule corresponding to the 'certificate' feedback punishment mechanism can be customized autonomously, the query rule and/or the penalty rule are intelligent contract code that is automatically executed, and an intelligent contract chain is constructed to ensure the enforcement, the application objects are all authorized node users, the users can write a contract mirror image on the basis of a contract template with a public function, the contract mirror image is a custom-combined contract code template with a specific function, then completing contract verification, participating in node consensus, constructing a contract mirror image and storing the contract mirror image into an intelligent contract chain, in practical application, the contract image needs to be activated and instantiated through setting specific parameters and data by a user, and executing to complete contract operation, and storing the execution record into an intelligent contract chain to provide a contract tracing basis.
Preferably, the block chain multi-chain collaborative supply chain logistics traceability system uses edge devices, the edge devices need to be verified by a system authentication module before being used, and the edge devices which are determined to be safe and reliable according to a verification strategy can be integrated into the traceability system to be deployed; for different internet of things edge devices used in a block chain multi-chain coordinated supply chain logistics traceability system, a series of data processing and fusion operations including data standardization processing and integrity verification are completed before uplink on traditional heterogeneous data of manual uplink, and supervision credit chain and credit state information need to be checked when a user uplinks, and if the credit record of the user is poor, the uplink operation may be rejected by a node consensus mechanism.
Preferably, the data processing and merging operation is completed through edge calculation, and partial data processing and merging operation is handed over to the edge device for being undertaken, so that the data acquisition and uplink processes are completed cooperatively.
Preferably, the block chain multi-chain collaborative supply chain logistics traceability system further adopts an information security authentication and consensus mechanism, which includes a user authority and a consensus algorithm, node users participate in traceability operations and have to have corresponding authorities, in a supply chain circulation process, a data signature technology is used to ensure that each participating node user has a unique identification identity and ensure certainty of operation behavior, after the users successfully register, a public key and a private key are obtained, the public key is disclosed to all authorized members in the block chain, the private key is used as a key for verifying identity and information in a service circulation process, and each participant can log in a terminal by using a registered ID to enter a specified block chain network.
The block chain multi-chain collaborative supply chain logistics traceability system is a alliance permit chain, the member range is enumerable, a Byzantine algorithm is adopted, a regional main node is elected, information transmission and node consensus are completed in a hierarchical self-organizing network mode, and the information transmission and the node consensus are conducted outside the node and are broadcasted in a group.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the logistics traceability system based on the block chain technology is innovative application in the field of intelligent logistics systems, has wide application prospect, and mainly comprises the following three aspects:
(1) the block chain technology can effectively solve the problems of trust and traceability existing in the field of logistics: the traceability of the commodity comprises information collection, integration and display, and the requirement of non-tampering and traceability is also met, which is the technical characteristic of the block chain.
(2) A logistics trust system based on a block chain technology is established, so that a new round of logistics industry mode change and economic relationship remodeling are brought: the block chain brings a brand-new social relationship which does not need a third party endorsement and is truly credible, thereby greatly reducing the production and service cost, the market transaction cost and the credit cost, and the block chain can be associated with supply chain finance, supply chain dispute resolution organization and credit mechanism to form full life cycle expansion management.
(3) The traditional economic sharing business mode can be overturned through the fusion of the block chain, the big data technology and the Internet of things technology, and brand new opportunities are provided for the development of the economic sharing: the sharing economy is an important product in the internet era, and the essence of the sharing economy is that social idle resources are reused by means of internet technology, so that a new market value is created. The block chain technology is a brand-new internet architecture based on a communication protocol, and provides a new method and thought for circulation and sharing of data through characteristics of encryption sharing, distributed accounts and the like.
The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Some specific embodiments of the invention will be described in detail hereinafter, by way of illustration and not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in the drawings identify the same or similar elements or components. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. The objects and features of the present invention will become more apparent in view of the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a block chain multi-chain collaborative supply chain logistics traceability system architecture diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-chain cooperative working mechanism of a block-chain multi-chain cooperative supply chain logistics traceability system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a block chain multi-chain collaborative supply chain logistics traceability system logistics information chain and logistics information base collaborative architecture diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block chain multi-chain coordinated supply chain logistics traceability system uplink logical architecture diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of block chain multi-chain collaborative supply chain logistics traceability system security authentication and consensus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present invention more comprehensible with respect to its gist, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. In the following description, numerous specific details and specific examples are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention and to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms than that described herein, there will be many equivalents to those skilled in the art which incorporate such variations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
According to the operation principle of the block chain technology, the application requirements of the supply chain logistics information traceability system are analyzed, as shown in fig. 1, a traceability system structure is established, the system is divided into four layers of resource management, block information, system management and application service, the traceability system structure is supported layer by layer from bottom to top, the traceability system structure is closer to user application as the system structure layer is upwards, the traceability system structure layer module structure layer by layer is closer to physical resources as the system structure layer is downwards, the traceability system structure layer modules are mutually dependent and interact to form an organic whole.
The resource management layer mainly relates to physical resource system management, and resources can be divided into four types, namely computing resources, peripheral resources, storage resources and network resources. Resources can be abstracted into a distributed file system (used to store up-link information such as traceability key information, credits, intelligent contract images, etc.), a distributed database (used to store product attribute information), edge computing devices (authenticated end devices used to collect data and undertake part of the computing task), virtual machines/containers (used to run intelligent contract instances), and network protocols (consensus and communication) according to the underlying requirements of the blockchain.
The block information layer is a data abstraction layer of the tracing block chain system, and encapsulates the block chain bottom layer data related to business logic, and can be divided into a tracing key information block (supply chain product and user key uplink information), a credit block (user credit transition information), an intelligent contract (intelligent contract template) and attribute information (non-key attribute information for storing supply chain logistics products).
The system management layer mainly relates to a system level function of a tracing source block chain, and system management function modules such as user permission setting (including permissions of supply chain up-and-down flow participants and permissions of terminal users), a chain-up strategy, intelligent contract management and consensus algorithm, system monitoring, multi-chain interaction, information fusion and the like are centralized to the layer, so that the realization of core system functions is completed.
The top is an application service layer which is mainly used for interacting with system users, and the traceability system is directed at the field of supply chain logistics, so that the traceability system relates to supply chain link multi-party users, including suppliers, carriers, retailers, consumption users, supervision departments and the like, and provides functions of product traceability, data analysis, system operation and maintenance and the like through a unified user interface according to different authority and safety certification requirements.
(2) Tracing multi-chain guarantee and cooperative work mechanism
The block chain can be divided into a public chain, a alliance license chain and a private chain according to the application range and the characteristics, and the application field of the invention is supply chain logistics, and the product and link quality of the supply chain logistics are controlled by utilizing a traceability technical means, the trust relationship between a user and a participant is established, and a digital trust system in the field is constructed, so the alliance license chain is a more reasonable choice.
The tracing task is to map physical objects and numbers and carry out chain searching, block chain tracing requires that information on a chain is real and reliable, although edge equipment automatically collects the information, human influence factors can be reduced, and the fidelity of the information is increased, but counterfeiting cannot be completely avoided in practice, so that besides the fidelity of the information before chain searching, the invention also provides a punishment mechanism for feeding back the fidelity of the information afterwards, and the fidelity of the information and the feedback fidelity are organically combined to jointly ensure the credibility and the reliability of the block chain tracing system information.
The flexible management of the rules of information inquiry, transaction, function use and the like is also a practical requirement for the availability of the blockchain traceability system. The multi-chain interconnection structure can organically combine the requirements of information credibility and flexible management to jointly play a role, and the cooperative working mechanism of the multi-chain interconnection structure is shown in fig. 2.
The multi-chain system constructs three systems of logistics information, supervision credit and execution rules according to the service characteristics, and the three systems respectively correspond to a logistics information chain, a supervision credit chain and an intelligent contract chain. Each node of the block chain system can have 1 or more responsible users, and each responsible user has a unique identifier. The nodes in the logistics information system comprise suppliers, carriers, retailers, end users and the like, and each node user in each link of logistics can store key information uplink and has the function of inquiring and tracing; in order to ensure the authenticity and reliability of information on a chain, a 'certificate' feedback punishment mechanism becomes an effective supplement of an uplink 'fidelity' mechanism, a supervision credit system is designed specifically, a node of the system relates to a plurality of supervision departments, a third-party organization, part of supply chain users and the like, the node users can initiate credit evaluation operation according to information (such as complaint information) of various aspects besides the inquiry function of a logistics information chain, and through links of data verification, information broadcasting, node consensus and the like, a user credit evaluation result is determined, a credit state value is modified, and a credit transition record and a certificate are stored in a credit chain. The mechanism can effectively restrict the false and false information on the chain and provide historical traceability evidence for the credit of the user. In addition, in order to increase the flexibility (elasticity or flexibility) characteristics of the system functions, the user information query rule or the punishment rule can be customized autonomously, which is the driving force for designing the execution rule system. The execution rules are intelligent contract code that executes automatically, where intelligent contract chains are built to ensure enforcement of execution. The application objects are authorized node users, and the users can write contract images on the basis of contract templates with public functions, then complete contract verification and join node consensus, construct contract images and store the contract images in an intelligent contract chain. In practical application, a user needs to set specific parameters and data, activate a contract mirror image and instantiate the contract mirror image, then execute the contract mirror image, complete contract operation, and store an execution record into a contract chain to provide a contract tracing basis.
In a block chain traceability system, front-end edge equipment usually automatically acquires data for application, the supply chain logistics field relates to complex processes of transportation, storage, distribution and the like of multiple parties, the acquired data is large in scale and multiple in types, and if the block chain is used for storage alone, the performance and space are usually insufficient, the throughput is small, the delay is high, the query capability is limited, and the actual requirements of data storage and rapid query analysis cannot be met. Therefore, the present invention provides a logistics information system with a distributed database and a block chain working together, and the cooperative architecture is shown in fig. 3. The left database has the characteristics of non-tampering of a block chain, distributed decentralization and the like, but the advantages of large database storage capacity, quick response time and convenience in query are reserved, and the database is called as a logistics information base. And the right side is a traditional block chain system, has stronger safety traceability characteristic and can interact with other block chain systems to form a closed loop. A large amount of data generated by a supply chain logistics block chain system passes through an information distribution module, key information (such as codes for identifying product uniqueness) is stored in a logistics information chain, and other attribute information is stored in a logistics information base. The logistics information chain and the logistics information base can be communicated with each other, and the index is used for retrieving the associated information. The logistics information base provides an inquiry interface, so that the system is quick and convenient; the logistics information chain also uses a self-developed query interface to complete query work, so that the safety and traceability characteristics of the block chain can be fully utilized for key information, the query and storage efficiency can be improved for other non-key attribute information, and data analysis is facilitated.
(3) Heterogeneous data fusion uplink key technology
Supply chain logistics turnover links are many, and it is complicated to relate to the enterprise, therefore the cochain information source has the characteristics of variety and heterogeneity, along with the development and the popularization of thing networking technology, RFID, various sensor, bar code widely used and can automatic identification, and these technologies have reduced the possibility that the cochain information is forged. However, the terminal acquisition device and the sensor need to rely on edge devices to complete communication transmission, such as raspberry pi, mobile phones, routers, and the like, which increases the possibility of false and attack by malicious edge devices. Therefore, the management and control of the edge device become necessary, and the method proposed by the invention is that the edge device needs to be verified by a system authentication module before being used, and the edge device which is determined to be safe and credible according to the verification strategy can be integrated into the tracing system to carry out related work. In addition, the use of different internet of things edge devices also increases the complexity of uplink data. Meanwhile, the traditional manual uplink pictures, videos and the like still exist, and the characteristics of the heterogeneous data require a series of data processing and fusion operations including data standardization processing and integrity verification to be completed before uplink, especially when a user uplinks, the user needs to check supervision credit chain and credit state information, and if the credit record of the user is poor, the node consensus mechanism may reject the uplink operation. The method can reduce false information on the chain at the source and prevent the illegal action of the malicious node. If the data processing and fusion operations are processed by the block chain system, time and labor are wasted, delay is increased, and the tracing system is overloaded, so that edge calculation is performed, part of tasks are handed over to edge equipment to be borne, and the data acquisition and uplink process is completed in a coordinated manner, so that the method is another characteristic design suitable for logistics tracing. Of course, the block structure suitable for complex data information is also a part of design which needs to be done, and the block data structure includes user identification ID (unique identifier of node user), uplink time and node location, attribute information of product, and the like. Once the information is linked up, the information can not be changed, thereby ensuring the traceability of the information and providing the required basis for transaction disputes. In addition, a user query function needs to be provided according to the user right, so that the user can quickly and transparently query the required information, and the effective implementation of the tracing function is ensured. The uplink logic structure is shown in FIG. 4.
(4) Information security authentication and consensus mechanism
The block chain information security authentication and consensus mechanism is a basic condition for ensuring the normal operation of the block chain system, and is an important problem to be considered by the traceability system. This mainly involves the research of user authority and consensus algorithm, and the principle of the security authentication and consensus mechanism is shown in fig. 5. The node user participates in the tracing operation and must have corresponding authority, which is determined in the user registration stage. In the process of supply chain circulation, each participating node user needs to uniquely identify identity and ensure the certainty of operation behavior, a data signature technology is used for ensuring, after the user successfully registers, a public key and a private key are obtained, the public key is published to all authorized members in a block chain, and the private key is used as a key for verifying identity and information in the process of service circulation. Each participant can log in to the terminal using the registered ID to enter the designated blockchain network.
The tracing block chain system is used as a alliance permit chain, the member range is enumerable, so that a Byzantine algorithm with higher operation efficiency can be selected, a regional main node is elected, information transmission and node consensus are completed in a hierarchical self-organizing network mode, the external communication is realized through the node, the internal broadcasting is carried out, the actual efficiency of the consensus operation is improved, and the broadcasting storm can be effectively prevented.
The embodiment generally provides a traceability multi-chain mechanism, which clearly shows the relationship between the characteristics of the block chain technology which cannot be tampered and the product traceability based on supply chain logistics, and ensures the authenticity and reliability of information on the chain. The embodiment combines the practical application background of supply chain logistics, selects the most applicable Byzantine consensus algorithm, and improves the operation efficiency of the consensus algorithm. Meanwhile, on the specific technical scheme, a supply chain logistics information traceability system framework supported by a block chain technology is established, a relation structure of product traceability, credit constraint and rule flexible execution in supply chain logistics is designed, three systems of logistics information, supervision credit and execution rule are formed, three corresponding chains are further established, information, credit and rule data are stored respectively, accordingly, business functions are effectively combined, an operation mechanism is guaranteed, information butt joint is achieved through recording and storage of goods and personnel information through the block chain technology, a chain-up 'fidelity' strategy and a 'certificate-fake' punishment mechanism are combined, and information reliability and credibility are guaranteed. By improving the data storage and retrieval efficiency and fully utilizing the computing power of the edge device, the execution efficiency of the traceability system can be effectively improved, the product traceability problem is really solved, and the credit cost of supply chain logistics is reduced.
The logistics traceability system based on the block chain technology is innovative in the field of intelligent logistics systems, has a wide application prospect, and mainly comprises the following three aspects:
(1) the block chain technology can effectively solve the problems of trust and traceability existing in the field of logistics: the traceability of the commodity comprises information collection, integration and display, and the requirement of non-tampering and traceability is also met, which is the technical characteristic of the block chain.
(2) A logistics trust system based on a block chain technology is established, so that a new round of logistics industry mode change and economic relationship remodeling are brought: the block chain brings a brand-new social relationship which does not need a third party endorsement and is truly credible, thereby greatly reducing the production and service cost, the market transaction cost and the credit cost, and the block chain can be associated with supply chain finance, supply chain dispute resolution organization and credit mechanism to form full life cycle expansion management.
(3) The traditional economic sharing business mode can be overturned through the fusion of the block chain, the big data technology and the Internet of things technology, and brand new opportunities are provided for the development of the economic sharing: the sharing economy is an important product in the internet era, and the essence of the sharing economy is that social idle resources are reused by means of internet technology, so that a new market value is created. The block connection technology is a brand-new internet architecture based on a communication protocol, and provides a new method and thought for circulation and sharing of data through characteristics of encryption sharing, distributed accounts and the like.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the particular illustrative embodiments, it is not to be restricted by the embodiments but only by the appended claims. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that variations and modifications of the embodiments of the present invention can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A supply chain logistics traceability system based on block chain multi-chain collaboration is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a resource management layer, a block information layer, a system management layer and an application service layer, wherein the resource management layer, the block information layer, the system management layer and the application service layer are supported layer by layer from the bottom layer to the top layer, gradually approach to user application from the resource management layer to the application service layer, and gradually approach to physical resources from the application service layer to the resource management layer; the block chain multi-chain collaborative supply chain logistics traceability system adopts a 'certificate and counterfeit' feedback punishment mechanism as effective supplement of an uplink 'fidelity' mechanism, the 'certificate and counterfeit' feedback punishment mechanism designs a supervision credit system, nodes of the system relate to supervision departments, third-party organizations and supply chain users, the node users have the inquiry function of a logistics information chain, and also initiate credit assessment operation according to information of all aspects, and through links of data verification, information broadcasting and node consensus, determine the credit assessment results of the users, modify credit state values and store credit transition records and certificates in a credit chain; wherein, the query rule corresponding to the query function of the logistics information chain and/or the punishment rule corresponding to the 'certificate' feedback punishment mechanism can be customized autonomously, the query rule and/or the penalty rule are intelligent contract code that is automatically executed, and an intelligent contract chain is constructed to ensure the enforcement, the application objects are all authorized node users, the users can write a contract mirror image on the basis of a contract template with a public function, the contract mirror image is a custom-combined contract code template with a specific function, then completing contract verification, participating in node consensus, constructing a contract mirror image and storing the contract mirror image into an intelligent contract chain, in practical application, the contract image needs to be activated and instantiated through setting specific parameters and data by a user, and executing to complete contract operation, and storing the execution record into an intelligent contract chain to provide a contract tracing basis.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: the resource management layer relates to physical resource system management, the resources are divided into computing resources, peripheral resources, storage resources and network resources, the resources are abstracted into a distributed file system, a distributed database, edge computing equipment, a virtual machine/container and a network protocol according to the bottom layer requirements of a block chain, the distributed file system is used for storing traceability key information and information on a credit chain, the distributed database is used for storing product attribute information, the edge computing equipment belongs to authenticated terminal equipment and is used for collecting data and bearing part of computing tasks, the virtual machine/container is used for operating an intelligent contract instance, and the network protocol is used for consensus and communication.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: the block information layer is a data abstraction layer of a tracing block chain system and comprises all block chain bottom data related to business logic, the block information layer is divided into a tracing key information block, a credit block, an intelligent contract and attribute information, the tracing key information block comprises supply chain products and user key uplink information, the credit block comprises user credit transition information, the intelligent contract comprises intelligent contract codes, and the attribute information stores non-key attribute information of the supply chain logistics products.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: the system management layer integrates user authority setting, uplink strategies, intelligent contract management and consensus algorithms and system management function modules of system monitoring, multi-chain interaction and information fusion, so that the realization of core system functions is completed, and the user authority setting comprises the setting of authorities of supply chain up-and-down flow participants and the authority of terminal product users.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: the application service layer is connected with system users in an abutting mode, the system users comprise suppliers, transport merchants, retailers, consumption users and monitoring departments, and the functions of product source tracing, data analysis and system operation and maintenance are provided through a unified user interface according to different authority and safety certification requirements.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: the block chain multi-chain collaborative supply chain logistics traceability system adopts a traceability multi-chain guarantee and collaborative work mechanism, wherein the multi-chain comprises a logistics information chain, a supervision credit chain and an intelligent contract chain, and the logistics information chain, the supervision credit chain and the intelligent contract chain respectively correspond to three systems of logistics information, supervision credit and execution rules.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: the block chain multi-chain collaborative supply chain logistics traceability system uses edge equipment, the edge equipment needs to be verified by a system authentication module before being used, and the edge equipment which is determined to be safe and reliable according to a verification strategy can be integrated into the traceability system to be deployed; for different internet of things edge devices used in a block chain multi-chain coordinated supply chain logistics traceability system, a series of data processing and fusion operations including data standardization processing and integrity verification are completed before uplink on traditional heterogeneous data of manual uplink, and supervision credit chain and credit state information need to be checked when a user uplinks, and if the credit record of the user is poor, the uplink operation may be rejected by a node consensus mechanism.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the system further comprises: and the data processing and fusion operation is completed through edge calculation, and partial data processing and fusion operation is handed over to edge equipment for bearing, so that the data acquisition and uplink process is completed cooperatively.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: the block chain multi-chain collaborative supply chain logistics traceability system further adopts an information security authentication and consensus mechanism, wherein the information security authentication and consensus mechanism comprises a user authority and a consensus algorithm, node users participate in traceability operation and have corresponding authorities, in the supply chain circulation process, a data signature technology is used for guaranteeing that each participating node user has a unique identification identity and guaranteeing the certainty of operation behaviors, after the users successfully register, a public key and a private key are obtained, the public key is disclosed to all authorized members in the block chain, the private key is used as a key for verifying the identity and the information in the service circulation process, and each participant can log in a terminal by using the registered ID to enter a specified block chain network.
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