CN110699178B - Method for extracting unsaturated fatty acid from rapeseed oil - Google Patents
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- CN110699178B CN110699178B CN201910989056.7A CN201910989056A CN110699178B CN 110699178 B CN110699178 B CN 110699178B CN 201910989056 A CN201910989056 A CN 201910989056A CN 110699178 B CN110699178 B CN 110699178B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B7/00—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils
- C11B7/0083—Separation of mixtures of fats or fatty oils into their constituents, e.g. saturated oils from unsaturated oils with addition of auxiliary substances, e.g. cristallisation promotors, filter aids, melting point depressors
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fatty acid extraction, in particular to a method for extracting unsaturated fatty acid from rapeseed oil, which comprises the following steps: (1) Adding acetic acid solution into the rapeseed oil, then standing at low temperature, and filtering to obtain the rapeseed oil; (2) Adding tartaric acid solution containing catechin and complex enzyme into rapeseed oil, performing microwave treatment, and filtering to obtain rapeseed oil; (3) Adding urea solution, crystal modifier and microcrystalline cellulose into rapeseed oil, treating at 60-65 deg.C, cooling to 37-43 deg.C, standing at low temperature for 3-4 hr, filtering, and collecting filtrate; (4) The filtrate is placed in diatomite, and the diatomite is taken out after microwave treatment, so that the unsaturated fatty acid is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fatty acid extraction, and particularly relates to a method for extracting unsaturated fatty acid from rapeseed oil.
Background
Rapeseed oil, also known as rapeseed oil or coriander oil, is also known as clear oil in the southern Hunan region. The edible oil is widely used in daily life of people due to golden color and faint scent, and is one of the main edible oil at home and abroad. The rapeseed oil has the unsaturated fatty acid content of more than 85 percent, contains rich oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and phospholipid, has the digestibility of 99 percent by human bodies, and contains rich bioactive components such as vitamin E, polyphenol, squalene, sterol and the like.
The unsaturated fatty acid has effects in regulating blood lipid, clearing away thrombi, regulating immunity, maintaining retina, nourishing brain, improving arthritic condition, and relieving pain. Trans-fatty acid is a general term of all unsaturated fatty acids containing trans-double bonds, and can prevent grease from deteriorating, prolong the shelf life and improve the stability of food taste, but nutritional experts consider that trans-fatty acid is harmful to human health and mainly shows the defects of thrombosis, influence on development and fertility, reduction in memory, easiness in fatness and induction of coronary heart disease, so that the edible quality of rapeseed oil can be improved by extracting trans-fatty acid from the rapeseed oil.
In order to remove impurities and harmful substances in the rapeseed oil during processing and prolong the shelf life, the rapeseed oil is usually refined, and the refining is generally 4 stages: degumming, deacidifying, decoloring and deodorizing, wherein in the literature, influence of degumming and deacidification on volatile components of rapeseed oil (Yao Yingzheng and the like published in 2018), the content of benzopyrene (one of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) is generally not increased in the frying and squeezing processes of the rapeseed oil, and degumming and deacidification can effectively reduce the content of the benzopyrene (the content of the benzopyrene is reduced), so that the deacidification step is necessary, but in the literature, influence of the refining process on flavor components of the rapeseed oil (Su Xiaoxia and the like published in 2019), the types and the contents of pyrazine compounds and glucosides degradation products are obviously reduced along with the deepening of the refining degree, and in the literature, influence of refining on the quality of the rapeseed oil (Ma Jibing and the like published in 2018), the contents of acid value, peroxide value, color and phosphorus of the refined rapeseed oil are all reduced, and the contents of sterol, polyphenol and squalene are obviously reduced; the contents of trans-fatty acid and 3-chloropropanol are not changed greatly, while the deacidification is mainly used for removing free fatty acid at present, so that the applicant comprehensively considers the adverse effect of the trans-fatty acid and the importance of the deacidification step, and the trans-fatty acid is required to be extracted, so that the safety and the quality of the rapeseed oil can be improved, and the production of artificial trans-fatty acid can be reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for extracting unsaturated fatty acid from rapeseed oil to solve the technical problems.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for extracting unsaturated fatty acid from rapeseed oil comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding an acetic acid solution into the rapeseed oil until the water-oil ratio is 1: (0.8-1.2), then standing at low temperature for 10-20min, filtering, and taking rapeseed oil;
(2) Adding tartaric acid solution containing catechin and complex enzyme into oleum Rapae until water-oil ratio is 1 (0.2-0.5), microwave treating for 10-15min, filtering, and collecting oleum Rapae;
(3) Adding urea solution, crystal modifier and microcrystalline cellulose into oleum Rapae, treating at 60-65 deg.C for 3-5min, cooling to 37-43 deg.C for 8-10min, standing at low temperature for 3-4 hr, filtering, and collecting filtrate;
(4) Placing the filtrate in diatomite until the solid-to-liquid ratio is (0.3-0.5): 1, performing microwave treatment for 5-10min, and taking out the diatomite to obtain unsaturated fatty acid.
The mass concentration of the acetic acid solution is 10-15%.
The low-temperature standing temperature is 3-5 ℃.
The tartaric acid solution containing catechin and complex enzyme comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.01-0.05% of catechin, 8-10% of tartaric acid, 1-1.8% of complex enzyme and the balance of water.
The compound enzyme is prepared from phospholipase and partial glyceride lipase according to the proportion of 1: (0.5-1) in the ratio of the inoculation amount.
The temperature of the microwave treatment is 55-65 ℃.
The mass concentration of the urea solution is 12-16%.
The adding amount of the urea solution is 1-1.5% of the mass of the filtrate.
The crystal transformation agent is a citric acid solution containing catechin, and the mass fraction of the crystal transformation agent is as follows: catechin 0.01-0.05%, citric acid 10-15%, and water in balance.
The addition amount of the crystal transformation agent is 0.01-0.03% of the mass of the filtrate.
The addition amount of the microcrystalline cellulose is 2-3% of the mass of the filtrate.
Has the advantages that:
the method has high removal rate of the trans-fatty acid, improves the edible safety of the rapeseed oil, effectively prevents the rancidity phenomenon of the rapeseed oil, and ensures the fragrance of the rapeseed oil, and specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, the invention uses acetic acid and low-temperature treatment to promote the oil-containing cells to be fully cracked and fully release the fragrance components.
Secondly, the invention uses the tartaric acid solution containing catechin and complex enzyme, and uses the catechin antioxidant substance to prevent rancidity while degumming, and can prevent the chemical change of fatty acid caused by temperature rise in the microwave treatment process due to the tartaric acid.
Thirdly, the urea solution, the crystal modifier and the microcrystalline cellulose are utilized to act together, so that the urea and the saturated fatty acid quickly form new crystals, and the unsaturated fatty acid is wrapped by the microcrystalline cellulose.
Finally, the invention utilizes the adsorption property of the diatomite and the characteristic that the thermal inductance properties of the trans-fatty acid and the cis-fatty acid are different to promote the trans-fatty acid to be absorbed by the diatomite and realize the good separation of the trans-fatty acid and the cis-fatty acid.
Detailed Description
The following description will explain the embodiments of the present invention in further detail, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the embodiments are still within the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.
Example 1
A method for extracting unsaturated fatty acid from rapeseed oil comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding an acetic acid solution with the mass concentration of 15% into 10 jin rapeseed oil until the water-oil ratio is 1:1.2, standing for 20min at 5 ℃, filtering, and taking rapeseed oil;
(2) Adding tartaric acid solution containing catechin and complex enzyme into rapeseed oil until water-oil ratio is 1.5, performing microwave treatment at 65 deg.C for 15min, and filtering to obtain rapeseed oil;
(3) Adding 16% by mass of urea solution, a crystal modifier and microcrystalline cellulose into rapeseed oil, treating at 65 deg.C for 5min, cooling to 43 deg.C for 10min, standing at 5 deg.C for 4h, filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain rapeseed oil;
(4) Placing the filtrate in diatomite until the solid-to-liquid ratio is 0.5, performing microwave treatment at 65 ℃ for 10min, and taking out the diatomite to obtain unsaturated fatty acid;
the tartaric acid solution containing catechin and complex enzyme comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.05% of catechin, 10% of tartaric acid, 1.8% of complex enzyme and the balance of water;
the compound enzyme is prepared from phospholipase and partial glyceride lipase according to the proportion of 1:1 in an inoculation amount ratio;
the adding amount of the urea solution is 1.5 percent of the mass of the filtrate;
the crystal transformation agent is a citric acid solution containing catechin, and the mass fraction of the crystal transformation agent is as follows: 0.05% of catechin, 15% of citric acid and the balance of water;
the addition amount of the crystal transformation agent is 0.03 percent of the mass of the filtrate;
the addition amount of the microcrystalline cellulose is 3% of the mass of the filtrate.
Example 2
A method for extracting unsaturated fatty acid from rapeseed oil comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 10 mass percent acetic acid solution into 10 jin rapeseed oil until the water-oil ratio is 1:0.8, standing for 10min at 3 ℃, filtering, and taking rapeseed oil;
(2) Adding tartaric acid solution containing catechin and complex enzyme into rapeseed oil until the water-oil ratio is 1.2, performing microwave treatment at 55 deg.C for 10min, and filtering to obtain rapeseed oil;
(3) Adding 12% urea solution, crystal modifier and microcrystalline cellulose into rapeseed oil, treating at 60 deg.C for 3min, cooling to 37 deg.C for 8min, standing at 3 deg.C for 3 hr, filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain rapeseed oil;
(4) Placing the filtrate in diatomite until the solid-to-liquid ratio is 0.3, performing microwave treatment at 55 ℃ for 5min, and taking out the diatomite to obtain unsaturated fatty acid;
the tartaric acid solution containing catechin and complex enzyme comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.01% of catechin, 8% of tartaric acid, 1% of complex enzyme and the balance of water;
the compound enzyme is prepared from phospholipase and partial glyceride lipase according to the ratio of 1:0.5 of inoculum size ratio;
the adding amount of the urea solution is 1% of the mass of the filtrate;
the crystal transformation agent is a citric acid solution containing catechin, and the mass fraction of the crystal transformation agent is as follows: 0.01% of catechin, 10% of citric acid and the balance of water;
the addition amount of the crystal transformation agent is 0.01 percent of the mass of the filtrate;
the addition amount of the microcrystalline cellulose is 2 percent of the mass of the filtrate.
Example 3
A method for extracting unsaturated fatty acid from rapeseed oil comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 10 mass percent acetic acid solution into 10 jin rapeseed oil until the water-oil ratio is 1:1.2, standing for 10min at the temperature of 5 ℃, and filtering to obtain rapeseed oil;
(2) Adding tartaric acid solution containing catechin and complex enzyme into rapeseed oil until water-oil ratio is 1.2, performing microwave treatment at 55 deg.C for 15min, and filtering to obtain rapeseed oil;
(3) Adding 16% urea solution, crystal modifier and microcrystalline cellulose into rapeseed oil, treating at 60 deg.C for 5min, cooling to 43 deg.C for 10min, standing at 5 deg.C for 3-4h, filtering, and collecting filtrate to obtain rapeseed oil;
(4) Placing the filtrate in diatomite until the solid-to-liquid ratio is 0.5;
the tartaric acid solution containing catechin and complex enzyme comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.05% of catechin, 8% of tartaric acid, 1% of complex enzyme and the balance of water;
the compound enzyme is prepared from phospholipase and partial glyceride lipase according to the proportion of 1:1 in an inoculation amount ratio;
the adding amount of the urea solution is 1% of the mass of the filtrate;
the crystal transformation agent is a citric acid solution containing catechin, and the mass fraction of the crystal transformation agent is as follows: 0.05% of catechin, 10% of citric acid and the balance of water;
the addition amount of the crystal transformation agent is 0.03 percent of the mass of the filtrate;
the addition amount of the microcrystalline cellulose is 3% of the mass of the filtrate.
Example 4
A method for extracting unsaturated fatty acid from rapeseed oil comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding an acetic acid solution with the mass concentration of 12% into 10 jin of rapeseed oil until the water-oil ratio is 1:1, standing for 15min at 4 ℃, filtering, and taking rapeseed oil;
(2) Adding tartaric acid solution containing catechin and complex enzyme into rapeseed oil until the water-oil ratio is 1.3, performing microwave treatment at 60 deg.C for 12min, and filtering to obtain rapeseed oil;
(3) Adding 12-16% by mass of urea solution, crystal modifier and microcrystalline cellulose into rapeseed oil, treating at 63 deg.C for 4min, cooling to 40 deg.C for 9min, standing at 4 deg.C for 3.5h, filtering, and collecting filtrate and the remainder rapeseed oil;
(4) Placing the filtrate in diatomite until the solid-to-liquid ratio is 0.4, performing microwave treatment at 60 ℃ for 8min, and taking out the diatomite to obtain unsaturated fatty acid;
the tartaric acid solution containing catechin and complex enzyme comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.03% of catechin, 9% of tartaric acid, 1.5% of complex enzyme and the balance of water;
the compound enzyme is prepared from phospholipase and partial glyceride lipase according to the ratio of 1:0.8 of inoculum size ratio;
the adding amount of the urea solution is 1.2% of the mass of the filtrate;
the crystal transformation agent is a citric acid solution containing catechin, and the mass fraction of the crystal transformation agent is as follows: 0.03% of catechin, 12% of citric acid and the balance of water;
the addition amount of the crystal transformation agent is 0.02 percent of the mass of the filtrate;
the addition amount of the microcrystalline cellulose is 2.5 percent of the mass of the filtrate.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 4 is that: in the step (1), the acetic acid solution is water.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 4 is that: the tartaric acid solution in the step (2) does not contain catechin.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 4 is that: no crystal transformation agent is added in the step (3).
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 4 is that: in the step (3), the crystal transformation agent is a succinic acid solution containing catechin, and the mass fraction of the crystal transformation agent is as follows: catechin 0.03%, succinic acid 12%, and water in balance.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 4 is that: the microwave treatment temperature was 50 ℃.
Comparative example 6
The difference from example 4 is that: the microwave treatment temperature was 68 ℃.
The yields of extracts in the examples and comparative examples are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Item | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Comparative example 1 |
| Yield/% | 76.4 | 73.2 | 75.5 | 78.1 | 45.9 |
| Item | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 | Comparative example 5 | Comparative example 6 |
| Yield/%) | 57.9 | 62.3 | 48.9 | 66.1 | 68.1 |
Test example 1
The rapeseed oil obtained in step (3) in the examples and the comparative example is subjected to trans-fatty acid measurement according to GB/T22507-2008, and the results represent the trans-fatty acid content in the rapeseed oil in relative percentage, as shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2
| Item | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Comparative example 1 |
| Content/% | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.26 |
| Item | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 | Comparative example 5 | Comparative example 6 |
| Content/% | 0.34 | 0.19 | 0.32 | 0.24 | 0.22 |
Meanwhile, trans-fatty acid measurement was performed on the extracts of examples and comparative examples according to GB/T22507-2008, and the results are shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3
| Item | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Comparative example 1 |
| Content/% | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.33 |
| Item | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 | Comparative example 5 | Comparative example 6 |
| Content/% | 0.45 | 0.51 | 0.28 | 0.36 | 0.41 |
Claims (7)
1. A method for extracting unsaturated fatty acid from rapeseed oil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Adding an acetic acid solution into the rapeseed oil until the water-oil ratio is 1: (0.8-1.2), then standing at low temperature for 10-20min, filtering, and taking rapeseed oil;
(2) Adding tartaric acid solution containing catechin and complex enzyme into oleum Rapae until water-oil ratio is 1 (0.2-0.5), microwave treating for 10-15min, filtering, and collecting oleum Rapae;
(3) Adding urea solution, crystal modifier and microcrystalline cellulose into oleum Rapae, treating at 60-65 deg.C for 3-5min, cooling to 37-43 deg.C for 8-10min, standing at low temperature for 3-4 hr, filtering, and collecting filtrate;
(4) Placing the filtrate in diatomaceous earth until the solid-to-liquid ratio is (0.3-0.5): 1, performing microwave treatment for 5-10min, and taking out diatomaceous earth to obtain unsaturated fatty acid;
the compound enzyme is prepared from phospholipase and partial glyceride lipase according to the ratio of 1: (0.5-1) according to the inoculation amount ratio;
the temperature of the microwave treatment is 55-65 ℃;
the crystal transformation agent is a citric acid solution containing catechin, and the mass fraction of the crystal transformation agent is as follows: catechin 0.01-0.05%, citric acid 10-15%, and water in balance.
2. The method for extracting unsaturated fatty acids from rapeseed oil according to claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of the acetic acid solution is 10-15%.
3. The method for extracting unsaturated fatty acids from rapeseed oil according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the low-temperature standing is 3-5 ℃.
4. The method for extracting unsaturated fatty acids from rapeseed oil according to claim 1, wherein the tartaric acid solution containing catechin and complex enzyme comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.01-0.05% of catechin, 8-10% of tartaric acid, 1-1.8% of complex enzyme and the balance of water.
5. The method for extracting unsaturated fatty acids from rapeseed oil according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass concentration of the urea solution is 12-16%.
6. The method for extracting unsaturated fatty acids from rapeseed oil according to claim 1, wherein the addition amount of the crystal modifier is 0.01-0.03% of the mass of the filtrate.
7. The method for extracting unsaturated fatty acids from rapeseed oil according to claim 1, characterized in that the addition amount of the microcrystalline cellulose is 2-3% of the mass of the filtrate.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20010008387A (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2001-02-05 | 이성권 | Method for producing highly pure unsaturated fatty acid using crystallization |
| DK1776455T3 (en) * | 2004-07-16 | 2015-06-22 | Dupont Nutrition Biosci Aps | LIPOLYTIC ENZYM, APPLICATIONS THEREOF IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY |
| JP2007089522A (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2007-04-12 | Suntory Ltd | Method for producing fatty acid composition containing specific highly unsaturated fatty acid in concentrated state |
| JP5237627B2 (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2013-07-17 | 株式会社マルハニチロ水産 | Method for concentrating highly unsaturated fatty acids |
| CN101845362B (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2012-07-25 | 中南林业科技大学 | Method for gathering oleic acid from tea-seed oil |
| WO2012118173A1 (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2012-09-07 | 日本水産株式会社 | Method of producing oil/fat comprising highly-unsaturated fatty acids by means of lipase |
| CN102517142B (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2014-02-05 | 山东渤海实业股份有限公司 | Zero trans-fatty acid multi-vitamin first-grade soybean oil and preparation method thereof |
| CN104711118B (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2019-02-22 | 丰益(上海)生物技术研发中心有限公司 | A method of reducing trans-fatty acid |
| CN108779479A (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2018-11-09 | 嘉吉公司 | Include the stabilisation rapeseed oil of polyunsaturated fatty acid and oil-soluble inhibitor |
| CN106753817A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-31 | 山东禹王制药有限公司 | A kind of industrialized preparing process of highly unsaturated fatty acid fish oil |
| CN107937119A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-04-20 | 贵州省贵定县古镇香粮油有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of rapeseed oil |
| CN108774580B (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2022-03-22 | 张建春 | Method for extracting unsaturated fatty acid from hemp seeds |
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