CN110699046A - Superconductive heat transfer medium for solar vacuum heat collection tube and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Superconductive heat transfer medium for solar vacuum heat collection tube and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110699046A CN110699046A CN201910787562.8A CN201910787562A CN110699046A CN 110699046 A CN110699046 A CN 110699046A CN 201910787562 A CN201910787562 A CN 201910787562A CN 110699046 A CN110699046 A CN 110699046A
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- heat transfer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/10—Liquid materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/20—Working fluids specially adapted for solar heat collectors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a superconductive heat transfer medium for a solar vacuum heat collecting tube and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of solar heat transfer media. The heat transfer medium is prepared from purified water, potassium dichromate, beryllium oxide, strontium titanate hydride, aluminum hydride powder, boron oxide, sodium peroxide and the like, and has the advantages of high heat transfer efficiency, strong pressure resistance and long service life through tests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a superconductive heat transfer medium, in particular to a superconductive heat transfer medium for a solar vacuum heat collecting tube and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Solar energy refers to the radiation energy of sunlight, solar energy is a renewable energy source, and solar energy in a broad sense is a source of many energies on the earth, such as wind energy, biomass energy, tidal energy, potential energy of water, and the like. The basic modes of solar energy utilization can be divided into four types, namely light-heat utilization, light-electricity utilization, light-chemical utilization and light-biological utilization. Among the four solar energy utilization modes, the light-heat conversion technology is the most mature, the products are the most, and the cost is relatively low. For example, a solar vacuum tube water heater is a photo-thermal conversion device which has the widest application range, the mature technology and the best economical efficiency at present. The solar water heater is a device for converting solar energy into heat energy, and heats water from low temperature to high temperature so as to meet the requirement of hot water in life and production of people.
At present, a solar water heater with a directly-inserted all-glass evacuated collector tube, which is widely used, utilizes evacuated collector tubes with high absorptivity and low emissivity to convert absorbed solar radiation into heat energy, and utilizes the characteristics of large specific gravity of cold water and small specific gravity of hot water to form natural circulation of cold water from top to bottom and hot water from bottom to top in the evacuated tubes, so that the temperature of the whole water is gradually raised to reach a certain temperature. However, the heat transfer method of circulating water in the vacuum tube and the water tank by water has the following problems: firstly, the heat transfer efficiency is low, and scale is easily generated at the water inlet and the water outlet of the vacuum tube in water circulation, so that the service life of solar energy is influenced; secondly, in practical use, when cold water is added into the vacuum tube in the drying process, tube explosion is easy to occur. In order to solve the problems, vacuum tubes for heating water by using heat transfer media are also available in the market at present, but the heat transfer media are limited to water, ethanol and the like, the pressure resistance of the vacuum tubes is considered in addition to the unsatisfactory heat transfer, the pressure is difficult to adjust, and tube explosion is easy to occur when the temperature is too high and the pressure is too high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low heat transfer efficiency, poor pressure resistance, short service life and the like of a superconducting medium for a solar vacuum heat collecting tube in the prior art, and provides the superconducting heat transfer medium for the solar vacuum heat collecting tube and a preparation method thereof.
The invention aims to realize the following technical scheme that the superconducting heat transfer medium for the solar vacuum heat collecting tube comprises the following substances: 80-100 parts of purified water, 0.9-1.4 parts of potassium dichromate, 0.2-0.7 part of beryllium oxide, 0.4-0.9 part of hydrogenated strontium titanate, 1-4 parts of hydrogenated aluminum powder, 0.2-0.6 part of boron oxide and 0.1-0.6 part of sodium peroxide.
Preferably, the heat transfer medium comprises the following: 90 parts of purified water, 1.1 parts of potassium dichromate, 0.4 part of beryllium oxide, 0.6 part of strontium titanate hydride, 3 parts of aluminum hydride powder, 0.4 part of boron oxide and 0.3 part of sodium peroxide.
The volume of the heat transfer medium accounts for 0.8-4% of the inner cavity of the vacuum heat collecting tube.
The parts are all parts by weight.
The improvement of the invention is that the aluminum hydride powder and the strontium titanate hydride in the mixture are subjected to hydrogenation modification treatment by ① in a hydrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 400-500 ℃ and a pressure of 0.1 MPa or more for at least 5 hours to obtain a powdery aluminum hydride material.
②, putting the hydrogenated strontium titanate in a hydrogen atmosphere, and carrying out hydrogenation treatment at 500-600 ℃ for at least 8 hours to obtain a catalyst, wherein the mass percentage of hydrogen in the catalyst is more than 0.5%.
The preparation method of the superconducting heat transfer medium comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the powdery aluminum hydride material obtained in the step ①, the product strontium titanate hydride obtained in the step ②, potassium dichromate, beryllium oxide, boron oxide and sodium peroxide, then carrying out high-energy grinding, fully crushing the mixture into nano particles by high-energy ball milling, uniformly combining the nano particles with aluminum-based hydride, adding the materials subjected to high-energy grinding into purified water according to a ratio, and filling the mixture into a vacuum heat collecting tube.
To further verify the heat transfer performance of the heat transfer medium of the present invention, the company made the following comparative tests.
Test groups: 90kg of purified water, 1.1kg of potassium dichromate, 0.4kg of beryllium oxide, 0.6kg of strontium titanate hydride, 3kg of aluminum hydride powder, 0.4kg of boron oxide and 0.3kg of sodium peroxide are taken. The heat transfer medium is prepared by the method of the invention.
Control group: the raw materials and compounding ratios were the same as those of the test group except that the above modified aluminum hydride powder and strontium hydride titanate were replaced with the non-modified ordinary aluminum hydride powder and ordinary strontium hydride titanate.
Two vacuum heat collecting pipes with the same model are respectively filled with the same amount of heat transfer medium of a test group and the same amount of heat transfer medium of a control group (the volume of the heat transfer medium accounts for 1.5 percent of the inner cavity of the vacuum heat collecting pipe), and the heat transfer efficiency, the heat transfer density and the heat transfer speed of the two vacuum heat collecting pipes are respectively measured after the two vacuum heat collecting pipes are placed in the same temperature and illumination environment and are simultaneously exposed for 6 hours. The results are as follows:
the heat conduction efficiency of the vacuum heat collection tube filled with the heat transfer medium of the test group is 99.6 percent, and the heat conduction density is 11200W/cm2And the heat conduction speed is 420 mm/s.
The heat conduction efficiency of the vacuum heat collection tube filled with the heat transfer medium of the control group is 91.2 percent, and the heat conduction density is 9100W/cm2The heat conduction speed is 375 mm/s.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention is a heat transfer medium which takes hydrogenated aluminum powder as a main component, the splitting after hydrogenation is relatively stable, the temperature is increased, and the effects of high temperature rise speed, stable constant temperature and good heat conductivity are achieved. Wherein the aluminum hydride powder plays a catalytic role so that the heat transfer speed is further improved. The heavy metal particles collide with each other to generate heat after the heavy metal raw material is hydrogenated, and the experimental process shows that the collision coefficient of chromium and beryllium is high, but if only the chromium particles and the beryllium particles exist, the attenuation speed is high, the existence of the boron particles and the sodium particles enables the attenuation speed to be reduced, the temperature difference of different positions in the tube to be further reduced, and the purpose of more stable heat transfer speed is achieved.
The hydrogenated strontium titanate after hydrogenation further improves the collision coefficient, improves the heat conductivity coefficient and has faster heat transfer speed. Tests prove that the heat transfer medium disclosed by the invention is low in boiling point, high in heat transfer rate, stable in property and long in service life.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: 80kg of purified water, 1.4kg of potassium dichromate, 0.2kg of beryllium oxide, 0.9kg of strontium titanate hydride, 1kg of aluminum hydride powder, 0.6kg of boron oxide and 0.1kg of sodium peroxide are taken. The heat transfer medium is prepared according to the preparation method and is filled into the solar vacuum heat collecting tube, and the volume of the heat transfer medium filled in the solar vacuum heat collecting tube accounts for 1.5 percent of the inner cavity of the vacuum heat collecting tube. After the film is exposed for 6 hours in sunny days in summer, the heat conduction efficiency is tested to be 98.2 percent, and the heat conduction density is 11000W/cm2And the heat conduction speed is 410 mm/s.
Example two: 100kg of purified water, 1.2kg of potassium dichromate, 0.6kg of beryllium oxide, 0.5kg of strontium titanate hydride, 3kg of aluminum hydride powder, 0.2kg of boron oxide and 0.3kg of sodium peroxide are taken. The heat transfer medium is prepared according to the preparation method and is filled into the solar vacuum heat collecting tube, and the volume of the heat transfer medium filled in the solar vacuum heat collecting tube accounts for 2 percent of the inner cavity of the vacuum heat collecting tube. After the film is exposed for 6 hours in sunny days in summer, the heat conduction efficiency is 99.3 percent and the heat conduction density is 10500W/cm2And the heat conduction speed is 415 mm/s.
Example three: taking 85kg of purified water, 0.9kg of potassium dichromate, 0.7kg of beryllium oxide, 0.4kg of strontium titanate hydride, 4kg of aluminum hydride powder and 0.4kg of boron oxide0.6kg of sodium peroxide. The heat transfer medium is prepared according to the preparation method and is filled into the solar vacuum heat collecting tube, and the volume of the heat transfer medium filled in the solar vacuum heat collecting tube accounts for 3% of the inner cavity of the vacuum heat collecting tube. After the material is exposed for 6 hours in sunny days in summer, the heat conduction efficiency is tested to be 98.9 percent, and the heat conduction density is tested to be 10300W/cm2And the heat conduction speed is 410 mm/s.
Example four: 95kg of purified water, 1.1kg of potassium dichromate, 0.6kg of beryllium oxide, 0.6kg of strontium titanate hydride, 2kg of aluminum hydride powder, 0.5kg of boron oxide and 0.2kg of sodium peroxide are taken. The heat transfer medium is prepared according to the preparation method and is filled into the solar vacuum heat collecting tube, and the volume of the heat transfer medium filled in the solar vacuum heat collecting tube accounts for 4 percent of the inner cavity of the vacuum heat collecting tube. After the film is exposed for 6 hours in sunny days in summer, the heat conduction efficiency is 99.0 percent and the heat conduction density is 10000W/cm2The heat conduction speed is 405 mm/s.
Claims (5)
1. A superconductive heat transfer medium for a solar vacuum heat collecting tube is characterized by comprising the following substances: 80-100 parts of purified water, 0.9-1.4 parts of potassium dichromate, 0.2-0.7 part of beryllium oxide, 0.4-0.9 part of hydrogenated strontium titanate, 1-4 parts of hydrogenated aluminum powder, 0.2-0.6 part of boron oxide and 0.1-0.6 part of sodium peroxide.
2. A superconducting heat transfer medium for a solar vacuum heat collecting tube according to claim 1, wherein the heat transfer medium comprises: 90 parts of purified water, 1.1 parts of potassium dichromate, 0.4 part of beryllium oxide, 0.6 part of strontium titanate hydride, 3 parts of aluminum hydride powder, 0.4 part of boron oxide and 0.3 part of sodium peroxide.
3. A superconducting heat transfer medium for a solar vacuum heat collecting tube according to claim 1, wherein the volume of the heat transfer medium is 0.8-4% of the inner cavity of the vacuum heat collecting tube.
4. The superconducting heat transfer medium for the solar vacuum heat collecting tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aluminum hydride powder and the strontium hydride titanate in the mixture are subjected to hydrogenation modification treatment, the modification method comprises ① subjecting the aluminum hydride powder to hydrogenation treatment at 400-500 ℃ and a pressure of 0.1 MPa or more for at least 5 hours in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain a powdered aluminum hydride material, ② subjecting the strontium hydride titanate to hydrogenation treatment at 500-600 ℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere for at least 8 hours to obtain a catalytic material, and the mass percentage of hydrogen in the catalytic material is greater than 0.5%.
5. A superconductive heat transfer medium for a solar vacuum heat collecting tube is characterized in that the powdery aluminum hydride material obtained in the step ①, the product strontium titanate hydride obtained in the step ②, potassium dichromate, beryllium oxide, boron oxide and sodium peroxide are uniformly mixed and then subjected to high-energy grinding, the high-energy ball grinding can be performed to fully grind the mixture into nano particles, the nano particles are uniformly combined into aluminum-based hydride, and the material subjected to high-energy grinding is added into purified water according to the proportion and then is filled into a vacuum heat collecting tube.
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| CN201910787562.8A CN110699046A (en) | 2019-08-26 | 2019-08-26 | Superconductive heat transfer medium for solar vacuum heat collection tube and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200117 |