CN110690710B - Low-frequency low-voltage load shedding protection system in micro-grid environment - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
- Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of micro-grids, and discloses a low-frequency low-voltage load shedding protection system under a micro-grid environment, which comprises: the system comprises a system end and a microgrid, wherein the microgrid comprises a power module and a plurality of power terminals, each power terminal comprises an intelligent electric energy meter, an execution unit and a load unit, the power module supplies power to the load unit through the execution unit, and the execution unit is used for controlling the on-off of a power supply of the load unit; the intelligent electric energy meter comprises a meter module, a control module and a communication module, wherein the output end of the control module is connected with the control end of the execution unit, the control module is connected with the system end through the communication module, and the system end is also connected with the output end of the power supply module; the invention can realize real-time rapid load shedding control and further improve the stability of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of micro-grids, and relates to a low-frequency low-voltage load shedding protection system in a micro-grid environment.
Background
The micro-grid is generally composed of solar energy, wind energy, a diesel engine and a storage battery, and is a grid structure for effectively integrating various distributed power supplies. The microgrid has been successfully deployed to the african market as a power supply solution. Due to the special circumstances in africa, most people cannot use electricity because of the large power grid infrastructure in the less developed remote rural areas. With the development of technology and the demand for technology, the low cost and higher safety of the microgrid become more and more important. However, the infrastructure in african regions is underdeveloped, and the microgrid generally operates in an island mode, in which an intermittent microgrid and load power inside the microgrid fluctuate greatly with time, and the system operation is liable to be unstable and break down. In order to ensure the stable operation of a micro-grid system, a low-frequency low-voltage load-shedding relay protection device is adopted in the solution in the prior art, so that the operation reliability is improved. According to the technical scheme, the low-frequency low-voltage load shedding relay protection device needs to be loaded in the system, the low-frequency low-voltage load shedding relay protection device has the characteristic of high cost, and the function of the intelligent electric energy meter can not be reused, so that the intelligent degree of the system is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to meet the actual requirements in the field of micro-grids, the invention overcomes the defects in the prior art, and aims to provide a low-frequency low-voltage load shedding protection system in the micro-grid environment to realize the intelligent control of low-frequency low-voltage load shedding protection under the power supply of the micro-grid.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a low frequency low voltage load shedding protection system in a microgrid environment comprises: the system comprises a system end and a microgrid, wherein the microgrid comprises a power module and a plurality of power terminals, each power terminal comprises an intelligent electric energy meter, an execution unit and a load unit, the power module supplies power to the load unit through the execution unit, and the execution unit is used for controlling the on-off of a power supply of the load unit;
the intelligent electric energy meter comprises a meter module, a control module and a communication module, wherein the meter module is used for metering electricity consumption and collecting electric parameters, the output end of the control module is connected with the control end of the execution unit, the control module is connected with the system end through the communication module, and the system end is also connected with the output end of the power module;
the system end is used for monitoring the electric quantity of the power supply module and the power of the load unit in each electric terminal, analyzing the electric quantity to obtain control parameters of each electric terminal, and respectively sending the control parameters to the corresponding intelligent electric energy meters;
the control module is used for sending the power information of the load unit to the system terminal, judging whether the power grid is in an unbalanced state according to the collected power parameters, and sending a control command to control the execution unit to execute a switching-out action according to the control parameters sent by the system terminal when the system is in the unbalanced state.
The load unit comprises a light load unit and a heavy load unit, and the execution unit is used for executing the switching-off action on the heavy load unit according to the control command sent by the control module.
The control parameter is specifically switching-off delay time.
The issuing strategy of the control parameters of the system end is as follows:
s101, determining the numbers N1, N2 and N3 of the first type, the second type and the third type of intelligent electric energy meters according to the electric quantity of the power supply module and the power of a load unit in each user terminal; classifying all intelligent electric energy meters in the microgrid into a first class, a second class and a third class, and meanwhile determining control parameters corresponding to the first class, the second class and the third class of intelligent electric energy meters;
s102, after the classification is finished, respectively issuing control parameters delay, delay2 and delay3 to the first type of intelligent electric meters, the second type of intelligent electric meters and the third type of intelligent electric meters according to the classification result, wherein the control parameters of the first type of intelligent electric meters, the second type of intelligent electric meters and the third type of intelligent electric meters are respectively represented by the delay, the delay2 and the delay 3;
and S103, after the refreshing time is up, returning to the step S101, and circulating the above operations.
The values of the control parameters are respectively as follows: delay1 ═ 0; delay2 ═ 1 s; delay3 ═ 2 s.
The specific method for the control module to judge whether the power grid is in an unbalanced state or not and to send a control command to control the execution unit to execute the switching-off action when the system is in the unbalanced state is as follows:
s201, initializing;
s202, monitoring the effective value U and the frequency f of the voltage in real time;
s203, judging whether the real-time frequency and the effective voltage value meet the balance condition, if not, entering a step S204, and if so, returning to the step S201; wherein the equilibrium conditions are: f1< f < f2, and U > U1; wherein f1 represents a lower frequency limit, f2 represents an upper frequency limit, and U1 represents a lower frequency limit;
s204, judging whether the duration time of the unbalanced condition reaches the delayed switching-off time, and if so, entering the step S205; otherwise, returning to the step S202;
s205, sending a control command to the execution unit, and controlling the execution unit to execute a switching-off action on the load unit.
The upper frequency limit f1 is 45Hz, the upper frequency limit f2 and the lower voltage limit are set according to the field, and the default values are that the upper frequency limit f2 is 48Hz and the lower voltage limit U1 is 180V.
The execution unit is a relay with a magnetic latching function, and the control end of the relay is connected with the output end of the control module.
The control module is an MSP430 single chip microcomputer, samples voltage signals through a built-in AD, calculates voltage effective values and power frequency, refreshes time for 20ms, and is connected with the meter module through an SPI interface.
The control module is further used for uploading switching-off information to a system end through the communication module, the system end is further used for sending a switching-off control signal to the control module through the communication module, and the control module is further used for sending a control command to control the execution unit to execute a switching-off action according to the switching-off control signal sent by the system end.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a low-frequency low-voltage load shedding protection system in a microgrid environment, which integrates a low-frequency low-voltage load shedding function into an intelligent electric meter, does not need a low-frequency low-voltage relay protection device, can save cost, can realize rapid load shedding control by combining with the existing system, further improves the stability of the system, can realize the reuse of the intelligent electric meter and the existing system, reduces the cost and improves the reliability of the operation of the microgrid.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a low-frequency low-voltage load shedding protection system in a microgrid environment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a strategy for issuing control parameters of a system side in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the control module for load shedding protection according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of a low-frequency and low-voltage load shedding protection system in a microgrid environment according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a low-frequency and low-voltage load shedding protection system in a microgrid environment, including: the system comprises a system end and a microgrid, wherein the microgrid comprises a power supply module and a plurality of power utilization terminals, namely a user terminal 1 and a user terminal 2 … … user terminal n, each power utilization terminal comprises an intelligent electric energy meter, an execution unit and a load unit, the power supply module supplies power to the load unit through the execution unit, and the execution unit is used for controlling the on-off of a power supply of the load unit; the intelligent electric energy meter comprises a meter module, a control module and a communication module, wherein the meter module is used for metering electricity consumption and collecting electric parameters, the output end of the control module is connected with the control end of the execution unit, the control module is connected with the system end through the communication module, and the system end is also connected with the output end of the power module; the system end is used for monitoring the electric quantity of the power supply module and the power of the load unit in each electric terminal, analyzing the electric quantity to obtain control parameters of each electric terminal, and respectively sending the control parameters to the corresponding intelligent electric energy meters; the control module is used for sending the power information of the load unit to the system terminal, judging whether the power grid is in an unbalanced state according to the collected power parameters, and sending a control command to control the execution unit to execute a switching-out action according to the control parameters sent by the system terminal when the system is in the unbalanced state.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the control parameter is a pull-off delay time. As shown in fig. 2, the issuing strategy of the control parameter of the system end is as follows:
s101, determining the numbers N1, N2 and N3 of the first type, the second type and the third type of intelligent electric energy meters according to the electric quantity Q of the power supply module and the total power P of load units in each user terminal; meanwhile, all the intelligent electric energy meters in the microgrid are classified according to the proportionality coefficients, and the intelligent electric energy meters can be specifically classified into three types; meanwhile, determining control parameters delay1, delay2 and delay3 corresponding to the three types of intelligent electric energy meters; the first, second and third categories are classified to classify the load of the residents, the first category can be regarded as unimportant or insensitive resident users, and the like, so that the classification can reduce the dissatisfaction degree of the users on the power utilization. In addition, where N1+ N2+ N3 is equal to N, N represents the number of user terminals (i.e., intelligent power meters) in the microgrid.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the electric quantity Q of the power supply module represents the electric energy that can be provided by the microgrid, and the expression of the total power P of the load units in each user terminal is:
Piwhen the number of the three types of electric energy meters, N1, N2 and N3, is set to indicate the load power of the ith load end, the setting can be performed through the relation between P and Q. The specific method comprises the following steps: calculating the value of the residual electricity quantity delta Q, wherein the calculation formula is delta Q-P t; t represents time, according to the amount of remaining charge Δ QValues were set for N1, N2, and N3, with smaller Δ Q, correspondingly larger values for N1, in turn setting N2 and N3; at the moment, the energy of the micro-grid is insufficient, and when the micro-grid is insufficient in power supply, a large number of loads can be cut off by setting a large number of N1 values; the larger Δ Q, the smaller the N1 value is set accordingly, N2 and N3 are set in this order; this indicates that the energy of the microgrid is relatively sufficient, and the first action can be a small amount of switching-off.
S102, after classification, respectively issuing control parameters, namely delay brake-off time delay1, delay2 and delay3, to the first-class, second-class and third-class smart meters according to classification results, wherein the delay1, delay2 and delay3 respectively represent the delay brake-off time of the first-class, second-class and third-class smart meters; wherein delay1< delay2< delay 3.
S103, judging whether the refreshing time is reached, returning to the step S101 after the refreshing time is reached, and circulating the above operations.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the system side issues the control parameters delay1, delay2, and delay3 to the first, second, and third types of smart meters, respectively, through the communication module. In addition, the communication mode of the system end adopts a DLMS communication protocol.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the values of the control parameters are empirically set as follows: delay1 ═ 0; delay2 ═ 1 s; delay3 ═ 2 s.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the control module is an MSP430 single chip microcomputer, which samples a voltage signal through a built-in AD, calculates a voltage effective value and a power frequency, refreshes the time for 20ms, and is connected to the meter module through an SPI interface.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the specific method for the control module to determine whether the power grid is in an unbalanced state and send a control command to control the execution unit to execute the switching-off operation when the system is in the unbalanced state includes:
s201, initializing;
s202, monitoring the effective value U and the frequency f of the voltage in real time;
s203, judging whether the real-time frequency and the effective voltage value meet the balance condition, if not, entering a step S204, and if so, returning to the step S201; wherein the equilibrium conditions are: f1< f < f2, and U > U1; wherein f1 represents a lower frequency limit, f2 represents an upper frequency limit, and U1 represents a lower frequency limit;
s204, judging whether the duration time of the unbalanced condition reaches the delayed switching-off time, and if so, entering the step S205; otherwise, returning to the step S202;
s205, sending a control command to the execution unit, and controlling the execution unit to execute a switching-off action on the load unit.
For the whole microgrid, when the microgrid is unbalanced, a load shedding operation needs to be performed at this time, in this embodiment, after delay1 is reached, the first-type smart meters perform a switching-off operation first, and after the switching-off operation is completed, if the microgrid is still not stable; and waiting for delay2 to arrive, executing a switching-out action by the second type of smart electric meter, and if the problem is not solved, executing a third type of switching-out action to finally enable the microgrid to reach a new balance. The first, second and third categories are classified to classify the load of the residents, the first category can be regarded as unimportant or insensitive resident users, and the like, so that the classification can reduce the dissatisfaction degree of the users on the power utilization.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the lower frequency limit f1 is 45Hz, the upper frequency limit f2 and the lower voltage limit need to be set in the field, and the default values are set to the upper frequency limit f2 is 48Hz and the lower voltage limit U1 is 180V.
The load unit comprises a light load unit and a heavy load unit, and the execution unit is used for executing the switching-off action on the heavy load unit according to the control command sent by the control module.
The control module is further used for uploading switching-off information to a system end through the communication module, the system end is further used for sending a switching-off control signal to the control module through the communication module, and the control module is further used for sending a control command to control the execution unit to execute a switching-off action according to the switching-off control signal sent by the system end. Therefore, the embodiment forms a cycle control of switching on and off, and realizes low-frequency low-voltage load shedding protection of the whole microgrid.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a low-frequency and low-voltage load shedding protection system in a microgrid environment according to another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the structure of the intelligent electric energy meter is the same as that of the previous embodiment, and each intelligent electric energy meter comprises a meter unit, a control unit and a communication unit, except that in this embodiment, the load of residents in the user terminal is divided into two loads, namely a heavy load and a light load, wherein the light load circuit refers to a load which has low power consumption and is closely related to life, such as lighting; a heavy load circuit refers to a load that consumes a large amount of power and may be temporarily sacrificed, such as an air conditioner. The heavy load is controlled to be switched on and off through a relay controlled by a control module in the intelligent electric energy meter, the light load is directly connected with the intelligent electric energy meter, the switching-off load reduction protection is not involved, and the use convenience of the micro-grid user terminal is improved.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the execution unit is a relay with a magnetic latching function, and a control end of the relay is connected with an output end of the control module.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A low frequency low voltage deloading protection system under microgrid environment, characterized by comprising: the system comprises a system end and a microgrid, wherein the microgrid comprises a power module and a plurality of power terminals, each power terminal comprises an intelligent electric energy meter, an execution unit and a load unit, the power module supplies power to the load unit through the execution unit, and the execution unit is used for controlling the on-off of a power supply of the load unit;
the intelligent electric energy meter comprises a meter module, a control module and a communication module, wherein the meter module is used for metering electricity consumption and collecting electric parameters, the output end of the control module is connected with the control end of the execution unit, the control module is connected with the system end through the communication module, and the system end is also connected with the output end of the power module;
the system end is used for monitoring the electric quantity of the power supply module and the power of the load unit in each electric terminal, analyzing the electric quantity to obtain control parameters of each electric terminal, and respectively sending the control parameters to the corresponding intelligent electric energy meters;
the control module is used for sending the power information of the load unit to the system terminal, judging whether the power grid is in an unbalanced state according to the collected power parameters, and sending a control command to control the execution unit to execute a switching-out action according to the control parameters sent by the system terminal when the system is in the unbalanced state.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the load unit includes a light load unit and a heavy load unit, and the execution unit is configured to execute a switching-out operation on the heavy load unit according to the control command sent by the control module.
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the control parameter is a pull-out delay time.
4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the control parameter issuing strategy at the system end is as follows:
s101, determining the numbers N1, N2 and N3 of the first type, the second type and the third type of intelligent electric energy meters according to the electric quantity of the power supply module and the power of a load unit in each user terminal; classifying all intelligent electric energy meters in the microgrid into a first class, a second class and a third class, and meanwhile determining control parameters corresponding to the first class, the second class and the third class of intelligent electric energy meters;
s102, after the classification is finished, respectively issuing control parameters delay, delay2 and delay3 to the first type of intelligent electric meters, the second type of intelligent electric meters and the third type of intelligent electric meters according to the classification result, wherein the control parameters of the first type of intelligent electric meters, the second type of intelligent electric meters and the third type of intelligent electric meters are respectively represented by the delay, the delay2 and the delay 3;
and S103, after the refreshing time is up, returning to the step S101, and circulating the above operations.
5. The system according to claim 4, wherein the control parameters are selected from the group consisting of: delay1 ═ 0; delay2 ═ 1 s; delay3 ═ 2 s.
6. The system according to claim 4, wherein the specific method for the control module to determine whether the power grid is in an unbalanced state and send a control command to control the execution unit to execute the switching-off operation when the system is in the unbalanced state is as follows:
s201, initializing;
s202, monitoring the effective value U and the frequency f of the voltage in real time;
s203, judging whether the real-time frequency and the effective voltage value meet the balance condition, if not, entering a step S204, and if so, returning to the step S201; wherein the equilibrium conditions are: f1< f < f2, and U > U1; wherein f1 represents a lower frequency limit, f2 represents an upper frequency limit, and U1 represents a lower frequency limit;
s204, judging whether the duration time of the unbalanced condition reaches the delayed switching-off time, and if so, entering the step S205; otherwise, returning to the step S202;
s205, sending a control command to the execution unit, and controlling the execution unit to execute a switching-off action on the load unit.
7. The system for protecting the low-frequency and low-voltage load shedding in the microgrid environment is characterized in that the upper frequency limit f1 is 45Hz, the upper frequency limit f2 and the lower voltage limit are set according to field settings, and the default values are set to be the upper frequency limit f2 is 48Hz and the lower voltage limit U1 is 180V.
8. The system according to claim 6, wherein the execution unit is a relay with a magnetic latching function, and a control terminal of the relay is connected to an output terminal of the control module.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the control module is an MSP430 single chip microcomputer, which samples the voltage signal through a built-in AD, calculates the effective voltage value and the power frequency, and refreshes the voltage for 20ms, and is connected to the meter module through an SPI interface.
10. The system according to claim 1, wherein the control module is further configured to upload switching information to a system end through the communication module, the system end is further configured to send a switching-off control signal to the control module through the communication module, and the control module is further configured to send a control command to control the execution unit to execute a switching-on operation according to the switching-on control signal sent by the system end.
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| 云雾协同优化控制和软件定义应用技术;刘广一 等;《电力信息与通信技术》;20130331;第14卷(第3期);第89-95页 * |
| 智能家电参与低频减载协调配合方案研究;汤奕 等;《电网技术》;20131031;第37卷(第10期);第2861-2867页 * |
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