CN110676564B - Three-dimensional antenna manufacturing method based on shape memory polymer and three-dimensional antenna - Google Patents
Three-dimensional antenna manufacturing method based on shape memory polymer and three-dimensional antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN110676564B CN110676564B CN201910962147.1A CN201910962147A CN110676564B CN 110676564 B CN110676564 B CN 110676564B CN 201910962147 A CN201910962147 A CN 201910962147A CN 110676564 B CN110676564 B CN 110676564B
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Abstract
A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional antenna based on a shape memory polymer and a three-dimensional antenna are provided. The three-dimensional antenna comprises a functional layer and a shape memory polymer layer, wherein the functional layer has a three-dimensional structure when the three-dimensional antenna is in a use state, and the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: providing a shape memory polymer layer having a three-dimensional, molded initial shape; transforming the shape memory polymer layer having the molded initial shape into a shape memory polymer layer having a two-dimensional temporary shape; combining a functional layer having a two-dimensional structure with a shape memory polymer layer having a temporary shape; and changing the shape memory polymer layer combined with the functional layer with the two-dimensional structure to have a molded initial shape, and simultaneously driving the functional layer with the two-dimensional structure to be deformed into a three-dimensional structure. The method intelligently, simply and conveniently realizes the manufacture of the three-dimensional antenna, has lower cost and wider application range, and is suitable for the manufacture of flexible antennas.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an antenna, and more particularly, to a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional antenna by a shape memory polymer.
Background
From ancient times to present, information transmission plays a very important role in human life, communication technology is greatly developed from ancient flying pigeon book-transferring to modern voice communication and video chat, and life of people is greatly improved. In general, there are two main ways in modern communication technology, namely wired transmission and wireless transmission. Compared with wired transmission, the wireless transmission equipment is simple and convenient to install, high in flexibility, free of limitation of terrain, environment and the like, and free in space, simple and portable and the like, so that the wireless transmission equipment plays an important role in the field of modern communication. The antenna is used as an important transmitting device and an important receiving device in a wireless communication system, and has an irreplaceable function in the wireless communication system.
With the rapid development of technology and the increasing market demand, antennas are still facing new problems and challenges. At present, the miniaturization, multi-functionalization and intellectualization of the device become the development trend of modern communication systems, and the miniaturization demand of the antenna is increasing. As an important type of small-sized antenna, an electrically small antenna has been developed with great attention. Among them, three-dimensional electrically small antennas are attracting attention because of their unique advantages. Compared with the common plane antenna, the three-dimensional antenna has great advantages of better radiation efficiency, larger bandwidth and smaller occupied area. However, the fabrication of three-dimensional electrically small antennas is more challenging than planar antennas. The existing three-dimensional antenna manufacturing technology comprises manual bending, 3D printing and the like. The existing three-dimensional antenna has complex manufacturing method and higher cost.
Therefore, it is highly desirable to solve the technical problem of how to manufacture a three-dimensional antenna with a simple process and at a low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made in view of the state of the art described above. The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional antenna based on a shape memory polymer and the three-dimensional antenna manufactured by the method.
There is provided a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional antenna based on a shape memory polymer, the three-dimensional antenna including a functional layer and a shape memory polymer layer, the functional layer having a three-dimensional structure when the three-dimensional antenna is in a use state, the manufacturing method including the steps of:
a shape memory polymer layer preparation step, which comprises:
heating a shape memory polymer film above its plasticizing temperature and molding the shape memory polymer film to form a shape memory polymer layer having a three-dimensional molded initial shape; and
bringing said shape memory polymer film above its glass transition temperature and shaping said shape memory polymer film to form said shape memory polymer layer having a two-dimensional temporary shape,
and a functional layer preparation step: a two-dimensional structure of the functional layer is prepared,
combining steps: bonding the functional layer having the two-dimensional structure with the shape memory polymer layer having the temporary shape,
a recovery step: bringing the shape memory polymer layer of the functional layer incorporating the two-dimensional structure above the glass transition temperature, the shape memory polymer layer driving the two-dimensional structure to deform into the three-dimensional structure during the change to the molded initial shape.
In at least one embodiment, in the shape memory polymer layer preparing step,
after the shape memory polymer layer has the molded initial shape, cooling the shape memory polymer layer to room temperature; and/or
After the shape memory polymer layer has the temporary shape, cooling the shape memory polymer layer to room temperature; and/or
And after the functional layer with the two-dimensional structure is driven by the shape memory polymer layer to be changed into the three-dimensional structure, cooling the shape memory polymer layer to room temperature.
In at least one embodiment, the three-dimensional structure is a three-dimensional spiral line shape, the two-dimensional structure is a two-dimensional spiral line shape, and the shape memory polymer layer having the temporary shape is a long sheet shape or a cross sheet shape, or a disk shape having a plurality of missing portions evenly spaced in a circumferential direction, or a two-dimensional spiral line shape.
In at least one embodiment, in the shape memory polymer layer preparing step, the shape memory polymer layer is formed into the molded initial shape in which the middle portion is arched with respect to the edge portions.
In at least one embodiment, in the bonding step, the functional layer having the two-dimensional structure is bonded to the shape memory polymer layer having the temporary shape by a transfer process.
In at least one embodiment, an adhesive layer is applied between the functional layer having the two-dimensional structure and the shape memory polymer layer having the temporary shape, the adhesive layer bonding the functional layer and the shape memory polymer layer.
In at least one embodiment, the following steps are performed after the combining step and before the recovering step: bonding the whole formed by the functional layer having the two-dimensional structure and the shape memory polymer layer directly or indirectly with a ground layer of the three-dimensional antenna; or
After the replying step, performing the following steps: the whole formed by the functional layer having the three-dimensional structure and the shape memory polymer layer is directly or indirectly combined with a ground layer of the three-dimensional antenna.
In at least one embodiment, the ensemble of the functional layer and the shape memory polymer layer having the two-dimensional structure is bonded in turn to a dielectric layer and the ground layer of the three-dimensional antenna, the shape memory polymer layer being located between the functional layer and the dielectric layer.
In at least one embodiment, the shape memory polymer comprises a polyurethane system, or contains DA linkages.
In at least one embodiment, in the functional layer preparing step, the functional layer having the two-dimensional structure is prepared through a photolithography process or a 3D printing process.
There is also provided a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional antenna based on a shape memory polymer, the three-dimensional antenna including a functional layer and a shape memory polymer layer, the functional layer having a three-dimensional structure when the three-dimensional antenna is in a use state, the manufacturing method including:
providing a shape memory polymer layer having a three-dimensional, molded initial shape;
transforming the shape memory polymer layer having the molded initial shape into a shape memory polymer layer having a two-dimensional temporary shape;
bonding a functional layer having a two-dimensional structure with the shape memory polymer layer having the temporary shape; and
changing the shape memory polymer layer incorporating the functional layer of the two-dimensional structure to have the molded initial shape while simultaneously inducing the functional layer of the two-dimensional structure to deform into the three-dimensional structure.
Also provided is a three-dimensional antenna including a functional layer and a shape memory polymer layer bonded to the functional layer, the functional layer being constrained by a shape of the shape memory polymer layer to maintain a three-dimensional structure when the three-dimensional antenna is in a use state.
In at least one embodiment, the three-dimensional antenna is made by the manufacturing method of any one of claims 1 to 11.
The technical scheme provided by the disclosure at least has the following beneficial effects:
the manufacturing method simply combines the two-dimensional structure of the functional layer with the shape memory polymer layer with the two-dimensional temporary shape, realizes the deformation of the two-dimensional shape memory polymer layer into the three-dimensional shape, and drives the functional layer to synchronously deform through the three-dimensional shape change of the shape memory polymer layer, thereby finishing the change of the antenna configuration from two dimensions to three dimensions and realizing the manufacturing of the three-dimensional antenna. The method intelligently, simply and conveniently realizes the manufacture of the three-dimensional antenna, has lower cost and wider application range, and is suitable for the manufacture of flexible antennas.
The technical scheme provided by the disclosure also has the following beneficial effects:
the shape memory polymer layer may be located between the functional layer and the ground plane, i.e. the shape memory polymer layer is bonded to the ground plane with the functional layer located outermost. Thus, the antenna has higher efficiency of transmitting and receiving signals, and the shape memory polymer layer can play the same role as the dielectric layer of the antenna.
In the bonding step, an adhesive layer may be applied between the two-dimensional structure of the functional layer and the shape memory polymer layer, and the two-dimensional structure of the functional layer and the shape memory polymer layer are closely adhered by the adhesive layer, thereby preventing the functional layer from being separated from the shape memory polymer layer in the recovering step.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for manufacturing a shape memory polymer-based three-dimensional antenna according to the present disclosure.
Figure 2a is a schematic representation of the shape memory characteristics of an initial shape variable shape memory polymer provided by the present disclosure.
FIG. 2b is a graphical representation of the shape memory characteristics of an initially shape fixed shape memory polymer.
Fig. 3 schematically shows a state of the three-dimensional antenna before the recovery step.
Fig. 4 schematically shows the three-dimensional antenna of fig. 3 after a recovery step.
Fig. 5 is a top view of one embodiment of a three-dimensional antenna provided by the present disclosure prior to a recovery step.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the three-dimensional antenna of fig. 5 after a recovery step.
Description of reference numerals:
11 a ground layer, 12 a dielectric layer, 13 a shape memory polymer layer, 130 an edge portion, 14 a functional layer, 141 a two-dimensional structure of the functional layer, 142 a three-dimensional structure of the functional layer;
a initial shape, B initial shape molded, C temporary shape.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description is intended only to teach one skilled in the art how to practice the invention, and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, 2a and 2b, the present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing a shape memory polymer-based three-dimensional antenna, which can be used to manufacture an antenna having a three-dimensional configuration, such as a spiral-shaped three-dimensional antenna, an arch-bridge-shaped three-dimensional antenna, and the like.
In one embodiment, the manufacturing methodThe method employs a thermotropic shape memory polymer (e.g., a one-way thermotropic shape memory polymer) that is capable of passing through at a plasticizing temperature TpThe above is molded to form various initial shapes B. In other words, the shape memory polymer has both elastic memory property and plastic memory property, the elastic memory is caused by the phase change of the shape memory polymer, and the plastic memory is caused by the heat exchange effect.
As shown in FIG. 2a, plastic memory means that the shape memory polymer has an initial shape A when the shape memory polymer is heated to a temperature T1(T1Above the plasticizing temperature Tp) At this point, the reversible covalent bond is activated, and an external force is applied to deform the shape memory polymer to a shape B, which is the initial shape B (or permanent shape) to be molded, and the shape memory polymer retains the shape B after cooling. When the temperature is lower than the plasticizing temperature TpThe molded initial shape B is then retained permanently or permanently, i.e., the shape memory polymer has acquired a new initial shape.
Elastic memory means that the shape memory polymer has an initial shape B which is shaped when the shape memory polymer is heated to a temperature T2(T2Above the glass transition temperature TgBelow the plasticizing temperature Tp) The molecular chain segments of the shape memory polymer are activated and the reversible covalent bonds are not activated, wherein an external force is applied to deform the shape memory polymer to a shape C which the shape memory polymer will retain after cooling, thereby obtaining a temporary shape C when the shape memory polymer is heated to a temperature T3(T3Above the glass transition temperature TgBelow the plasticizing temperature Tp) The shape memory polymer will then resume the original shape B that was molded.
As shown in FIG. 2b, a conventional shape memory polymer can be used at the glass transition temperature TgThe temporary shape is formed by external force, and the temporary shape can be kept after the temperature is reduced to room temperature; when the temperature is raised again to the glass transition temperature TgAbove this the ordinary shape memory polymer returns to its original shape (corresponding to original shape a in fig. 2 a), which is maintained when cooled to room temperature.
In contrast to conventional shape memory polymers, the shape memory polymers employed in the present disclosure can not only be repeatedly changed between an initial shape A and a different temporary shape C (as with conventional shape memory polymers), but also at a temperature T1And then subjected to molding to artificially change the initial shape, thereby simply creating a variety of complicated three-dimensional configurations by heating the shape memory polymer (which the general shape memory polymer does not have).
The shape memory polymer adopted by the antenna has a shape memory effect in a large deformation range, so that a more obvious three-dimensional shape can be realized, and meanwhile, the shape memory polymer is not too sensitive to the change of the ambient temperature, so that the antenna can be prevented from being interfered by the environment in the working process.
For example, the shape memory polymer may be a thermotropic shape memory polymer having a glass transition temperature of 50 ℃ and a plasticizing temperature of 130 ℃. When the ambient temperature is changed in a range lower than the glass transition temperature, the shape memory polymer properties are hardly affected. The deformable range of the shape memory polymer is very large, and even multiple folds can be realized.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the three-dimensional antenna includes a functional layer 14, a shape memory polymer layer 13, a dielectric layer 12, and a ground layer 11.
Fig. 3 and 4 schematically show the state of the three-dimensional antenna before and after the recovery step, respectively. The deformation of the antenna, i.e. the deformation of the shape memory polymer layer 13 and the functional layer 14 with respect to the dielectric layer 12 and the ground layer 11, is only schematically shown in the figure and does not represent the actual connection of the layers.
The functional layer 14 is used to realize radiation and reception of electromagnetic waves, and the functional layer 14 includes a metal oscillator layer made of a conductive metal. The metal oscillator layer can convert the guided wave transmitted on the oscillator into the electromagnetic wave transmitted in the space, or conversely, convert the electromagnetic wave transmitted in the space into the guided wave transmitted in the oscillator, thereby realizing the functions of radiation and reception of the electromagnetic wave.
The dielectric layer 12 supports the functional layer 14 and separates the functional layer 14 from the ground plane 11, and is typically made of an insulating material, and the thickness of the layer and the dielectric constant of the material have some effect on the impedance matching of the antenna.
The ground plane 11 is made of conductive metal, and can reflect the radiation of the functional layer and can also be used as another conductor of the feeder line to form a microstrip transmission line.
The shape memory polymer layer 13 is located between the functional layer 14 and the dielectric layer 12.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the above-described manufacturing method can be used to manufacture a three-dimensional helical antenna, both ends of which may form, for example, a feed port of the antenna.
The present manufacturing method will be described below by taking an example of manufacturing an antenna in the form of a three-dimensional helical line as shown in fig. 5 and 6.
The manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
shape memory polymer layer 13 preparation step:
heating the shape memory polymer film to a temperature T1(plasticizing temperature T)pAbove) and applying an external force to shape the shape memory polymer film to form the shape memory polymer layer 13 having a three-dimensional shaped initial shape B, i.e., the shape of the shape memory polymer layer 13 on the finished three-dimensional antenna, such that the shape memory polymer layer 13 can be brought to the temperature T1The lower holding time t is then cooled to room temperature, so that the molded original shape B can be well maintained; and
subjecting the shape memory polymer film to a temperature T2(glass transition temperature T)gAbove) and an external force is applied to shape the shape memory polymer film to form the shape memory polymer layer 13 having the two-dimensional temporary shape C, which can be cooled to room temperature after the shape memory polymer layer 13 forms the temporary shape C, thereby enabling the temporary shape C to be well maintained.
a two-dimensional structure 141 of the functional layer 14 is prepared, which two-dimensional structure 141 is capable of forming a three-dimensional structure 142 of the functional layer 14 by deformation, for example, which two-dimensional structure 141 may be in the form of a two-dimensional spiral and may be capable of becoming a three-dimensional spiral, which three-dimensional structure 142 the functional layer 14 has in the finished three-dimensional antenna.
Combining steps:
the bonding of the two-dimensional structure 141 of the functional layer 14 with the shape memory polymer layer 13 having the temporary shape C, the bonding of the two-dimensional functional layer 14 and the two-dimensional shape memory polymer layer 13 is relatively easy to carry out,
a recovery step:
the shape memory polymer layer 13 with the functional layer 14 bonded thereto in the two-dimensional structure 141 (the shape memory polymer layer 13 in this case having the two-dimensional temporary shape C) is brought to a temperature T3(glass transition temperature T)gAbove), the shape memory polymer layer 13 brings the functional layer 14 from the two-dimensional structure 141 to the three-dimensional structure 142, for example from the two-dimensional spiral form to the three-dimensional spiral form, in the course of changing to the three-dimensional molded initial shape B, and then it can be cooled to room temperature, so that the three-dimensional spiral form is well maintained.
Before the recovery step, the functional layer 14 has a two-dimensional structure 141, and after the recovery step, the functional layer 14 has a three-dimensional structure 142.
The above temperature T2And temperature T3May be the same or different, provided that they are both above the glass transition temperature TgAnd below the plasticizing temperature TpAnd (4) finishing.
The two-dimensional structure 141 of the functional layer 14 can be obtained by means of photolithography or 3D printing techniques, and the above-mentioned combining step can be carried out by means of a transfer process. For example, a metal layer grown on the PI film is patterned by means of photolithography to obtain the two-dimensional structure 141 of the functional layer 14, and the two-dimensional structure 141 is transferred by means of transfer to the shape memory polymer layer 13 having the temporary shape C.
The shape memory polymer is an intelligent high molecular material capable of memorizing initial shape, can change the shape of the shape memory polymer under certain conditions, and can be restored to the initial shape by heating the shape memory polymer to a certain temperature again. The manufacturing method utilizes the characteristics that a shape memory polymer (SMP for short) has different configurations (initial shapes) at different temperatures and the shape memory function thereof to realize the transformation from a two-dimensional shape to a three-dimensional shape.
A three-dimensional antenna with a certain configuration is designed in advance through simulation, and a two-dimensional structure 141 of the functional layer 14 (metal oscillator layer) is prepared and integrated on the two-dimensional shape memory polymer layer 13.
The manufacturing method simply combines the two-dimensional structure 141 of the functional layer 14 with the two-dimensional shape memory polymer layer 13, realizes the deformation of the two-dimensional shape memory polymer layer 13 into a three-dimensional shape by controlling the temperature, and drives the functional layer 14 to synchronously deform by the three-dimensional shape change of the shape memory polymer layer 13, thereby completing the change of the antenna configuration from two dimensions to three dimensions and realizing the manufacture of the three-dimensional antenna. The method intelligently, simply and conveniently realizes the manufacture of the three-dimensional antenna, has lower cost and wider application range, and is suitable for the manufacture of flexible antennas.
The three-dimensional antenna may be, for example, a three-dimensional electrically small antenna.
In the bonding step, an adhesive layer may be applied between the two-dimensional structure 141 of the functional layer 14 and the shape memory polymer layer 13, by which the two-dimensional structure 141 of the functional layer 14 and the shape memory polymer layer 13 are tightly adhered, preventing the functional layer 14 from being separated from the shape memory polymer layer 13 in the recovery step.
Before the functional layer 14 is bonded to the shape memory polymer layer 13, the functional layer is in a two-dimensional shape (as shown in fig. 3). After the functional layer 14 is bonded to the shape memory polymer layer 13 and after the shape memory polymer layer 13 is restored, the functional layer becomes a three-dimensional shape (as shown in fig. 4).
The shape memory polymer layer 13 may be located between the functional layer 14 and the dielectric layer 12, i.e., the shape memory polymer layer 13 is bonded to the dielectric layer 12 with the functional layer 14 located outermost. Thus, the antenna has higher transmission and reception efficiency of signals, and the shape memory polymer layer 13 may at least partially serve the same function as the dielectric layer 12.
The antenna body formed by the functional layer 14, the dielectric layer 12, the ground layer 11 and the shape memory polymer layer 13 can be accessed to a signal processing system through an antenna connector to realize testing and application.
The following steps may be performed after the combining step and before the recovering step: the whole formed by the two-dimensional structure 141 of the functional layer 14 and the shape memory polymer layer 13 is bonded to the ground layer 11. The handling of the two-dimensional planar structure is easier.
As shown in fig. 5, the shape memory polymer layer 13 having the temporary shape C may be in the form of a long sheet. The shape memory polymer layer 13 may be bonded to a central portion of the two-dimensional structure 141 of the functional layer 14, in particular to each turn of the two-dimensional spiral. In this way, the two-dimensional structure 141 on both sides of the shape memory polymer layer 13 can be uniformly driven.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the molded initial shape B of the shape memory polymer layer 13 may be a shape in which the middle portion is arched with respect to the edge portions 130 (end portions), the edge portions 130 (both ends) of the shape memory polymer layer 13 being located outside the two-dimensional structure 141 of the functional layer 14.
In other embodiments, the shape memory polymer layer 13 having the temporary shape C may be a disk shape having a plurality of missing portions evenly spaced in the circumferential direction, or a two-dimensional spiral line shape, or a cross-shaped sheet shape.
When the shape memory polymer layer 13 having the temporary shape C is a two-dimensional spiral line shape, the two-dimensional structure 141 of the functional layer 14 has a two-dimensional spiral line shape, and each turn of the two-dimensional spiral line can be aligned with and bonded to the two-dimensional spiral line of the shape memory polymer layer 13. In this way, the functional layer 14 can be brought into deformation more efficiently and more uniformly.
The present disclosure employs shape memory polymers having DA-containing linkages or shape memory polymers comprising polyurethane systems, which have superior plastic memory.
The DA bond is a covalent bond (Diels-Alder bond) formed by a Diels-Alder (DA) reaction, wherein the DA reaction is a temperature reversible dynamic covalent chemical reaction.
Temperature T referred to in this disclosure1Temperature T2Temperature T3And at room temperatureFor example, at 120 ℃, 50 ℃, 20 ℃. The time t may be, for example, 30 minutes.
In other embodiments, the shape memory polymer layer 13 may be formed by using the above-mentioned general shape memory polymer, and the molded initial shape B may be molded by casting; other types of shape memory polymers besides thermally induced shape memory polymers may also be used, such as shape memory polymers that deform upon exposure to light, electricity, or chemical reaction.
In other embodiments, the two-dimensional structure may have other shapes, and thus be correspondingly deformed into other three-dimensional structures for manufacturing three-dimensional antennas of other shapes.
In other embodiments, it is also possible to use only the shape memory polymer layer 13 as a dielectric layer of the antenna, the shape memory polymer layer 13 separating the functional layer 14 from the ground plane 11 and directly bonding to the ground plane 11.
In other embodiments, the integral body formed by the three-dimensional structure 142 of the functional layer 14 and the shape memory polymer layer 13 may also be combined with the dielectric layer 12 and the ground layer 11 after the recovery step.
In other embodiments, the functional layer 14 may be located between the shape memory polymer layer 13 and the dielectric layer 12.
The steps of the manufacturing method provided by the present disclosure may be interchanged in order without departing from the principles of the present invention, for example, the step of preparing the shape memory polymer layer 13 and the step of preparing the functional layer 14 may be performed simultaneously, or the step of preparing the shape memory polymer layer 13 may be performed first and then the step of preparing the functional layer 14 may be performed first, or the step of preparing the functional layer 14 may be performed first and then the step of preparing the shape memory polymer layer 13 may be performed.
It will be appreciated that the present invention also provides a three-dimensional antenna manufactured by the above method.
It should be understood that the above embodiments are only exemplary and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and alterations of the above-described embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art in light of the teachings of the present invention without departing from the scope thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional antenna based on a shape memory polymer, said three-dimensional antenna comprising a functional layer (14) and a shape memory polymer layer (13), said functional layer (14) having a three-dimensional structure (142) when said three-dimensional antenna is in use, said manufacturing method comprising the steps of:
a shape memory polymer layer (13) preparation step comprising:
heating the shape memory polymer film to its plasticizing temperature (T)p) Above, and shaping the shape memory polymer film to form a shape memory polymer layer (13) having a three-dimensional shaped initial shape (B) with a middle portion arched with respect to an edge portion; and
bringing the shape memory polymer film to its glass transition temperature (T)g) And shaping the shape memory polymer film to form the shape memory polymer layer (13) having a two-dimensional temporary shape (C),
a functional layer (14) preparation step: -preparing a two-dimensional structure (141) of the functional layer (14),
combining steps: bonding the functional layer (14) having the two-dimensional structure (141) with the shape memory polymer layer (13) having the temporary shape (C),
a recovery step: bringing the shape memory polymer layer (13) incorporating the functional layer (14) of the two-dimensional structure (141) to the glass transition temperature (T)g) -above, said shape memory polymer layer (13) brings said two-dimensional structure (141) into deformation into said three-dimensional structure (142) during the change to said moulded initial shape (B);
after the combining step and before the recovering step, performing the following steps: -bonding the whole formed by the functional layer (14) with the two-dimensional structure (141) and the shape memory polymer layer (13) directly or indirectly to a ground layer (11) of the three-dimensional antenna;
-said shape memory polymer layer (13) and said functional layer (14) are deformed with respect to said ground layer (11);
the three-dimensional structure (142) is in the shape of a three-dimensional spiral line, and the two-dimensional structure (141) is in the shape of a two-dimensional spiral line.
2. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional antenna based on a shape memory polymer according to claim 1, wherein, in the step of preparing the shape memory polymer layer (13),
after the shape memory polymer layer (13) has the molded initial shape (B), cooling the shape memory polymer layer (13) to room temperature; and/or
After the shape memory polymer layer (13) has the temporary shape (C), cooling the shape memory polymer layer (13) to room temperature; and/or
After the shape memory polymer layer (13) brings the functional layer (14) with the two-dimensional structure (141) into the three-dimensional structure (142), the shape memory polymer layer (13) is cooled to room temperature.
3. The method of manufacturing a shape memory polymer-based three-dimensional antenna according to claim 1, wherein the shape memory polymer layer (13) having the temporary shape (C) is in a shape of a long sheet or a cross sheet, or a disk having a plurality of missing portions evenly spaced in a circumferential direction, or a two-dimensional spiral line.
4. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional antenna based on a shape memory polymer according to claim 1, characterized in that in the bonding step, the functional layer (14) having the two-dimensional structure (141) is bonded to the shape memory polymer layer (13) having the temporary shape (C) by a transfer process.
5. Method for manufacturing a three-dimensional antenna based on a shape memory polymer according to claim 4, characterized in that an adhesive layer is applied between the functional layer (14) with the two-dimensional structure (141) and the shape memory polymer layer (13) with the temporary shape (C), said adhesive layer bonding the functional layer (14) and the shape memory polymer layer (13).
6. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional antenna based on a shape memory polymer according to claim 1, wherein the whole formed by the functional layer (14) having the two-dimensional structure (141) and the shape memory polymer layer (13) is bonded in turn to a dielectric layer (12) and the ground layer (11) of the three-dimensional antenna, the shape memory polymer layer (13) being located between the functional layer (14) and the dielectric layer (12).
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the shape memory polymer comprises a polyurethane system or contains DA bonds.
8. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional antenna based on a shape memory polymer according to claim 1, wherein in the functional layer (14) preparation step, the functional layer (14) having the two-dimensional structure (141) is prepared by a photolithography process or a 3D printing process.
9. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional antenna based on a shape memory polymer, the three-dimensional antenna comprising a functional layer (14) and a shape memory polymer layer (13), the functional layer (14) having a three-dimensional structure (142) when the three-dimensional antenna is in use, the manufacturing method comprising:
providing a shape memory polymer layer (13) having a three-dimensional molded initial shape (B) with a middle portion that is arched with respect to an edge portion;
transforming the shape memory polymer layer (13) having the molded initial shape (B) into a shape memory polymer layer (13) having a two-dimensional temporary shape (C);
-bonding a functional layer (14) having a two-dimensional structure (141) with said shape memory polymer layer (13) having said temporary shape (C);
-bonding the whole formed by the functional layer (14) with the two-dimensional structure (141) and the shape memory polymer layer (13) directly or indirectly to a ground layer (11) of the three-dimensional antenna; and
-causing the shape memory polymer layer (13) incorporating the functional layer (14) of the two-dimensional structure (141) to change to have the moulded initial shape (B) while bringing the functional layer (14) of the two-dimensional structure (141) into deformation into the three-dimensional structure (142);
-said shape memory polymer layer (13) and said functional layer (14) are deformed with respect to said ground layer (11);
the three-dimensional structure (142) is in the shape of a three-dimensional spiral line, and the two-dimensional structure (141) is in the shape of a two-dimensional spiral line.
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| US9742058B1 (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2017-08-22 | Gregory A. O'Neill, Jr. | Deployable quadrifilar helical antenna |
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