CN110676512B - Electrolyte for inhibiting growth of lithium dendrite and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Electrolyte for inhibiting growth of lithium dendrite and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN110676512B
CN110676512B CN201910989355.0A CN201910989355A CN110676512B CN 110676512 B CN110676512 B CN 110676512B CN 201910989355 A CN201910989355 A CN 201910989355A CN 110676512 B CN110676512 B CN 110676512B
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electrolyte
lithium
growth
inhibiting
electrode
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CN110676512A (en
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李星
崔春雨
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Linfen Yuanyuan New Material Technology Co ltd
Shenzhen Dragon Totem Technology Achievement Transformation Co ltd
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Ningbo University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
    • H01M10/0563—Liquid materials, e.g. for Li-SOCl2 cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
    • H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
    • H01M2300/004—Three solvents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0088—Composites
    • H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention discloses an electrolyte for inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrite and a preparation method thereof, which is characterized in that the electrolyte adopts two anionic additives, namely Br‑And NO3 ‑The synergistic effect inhibits the growth of lithium dendrites. The surface of the anode after lithium metal lithium intercalation/deintercalation is characterized by TEM and SEM for 50 times, and the smooth and compact surface of the electrode is found, so that the uniform deposition of lithium is realized. Meanwhile, the blue-ray system test shows that the polarization voltage of the symmetrical lithium battery is lower in the continuous charging and discharging process (<50mV) and can be stably circulated for 350 hours, and the coulombic efficiency is still kept at about 96.7 percent after 60 cycles of circulation.

Description

Electrolyte for inhibiting growth of lithium dendrite and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lithium batteries, and particularly relates to an electrolyte for inhibiting growth of lithium dendrites and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The development of rechargeable lithium batteries has been an urgent need for sustainable development and large-scale energy storage devices in today's society. Lithium metal is a reliable energy storage chemical due to its high theoretical capacity (3860mAh g)-1) Low redox potential (-3.040V vs. standard hydrogen electrode) and light weight (0.53g cm)-3) And the like, which is always the best choice of the anode and is widely applied in the ion battery technology. However, lithium metal is liable to generate uncontrolled lithium dendrites during charge and discharge, resulting in occurrence of short circuits and thermal runaway, and liable to cause catastrophic failures, which has been one of the most important factors restricting application of lithium metal. Therefore, the search for an effective method for suppressing lithium dendrites has been the focus of research. Zhao Wei et al in the invention patent application No. 201910045144.1 disclose an additive of organic salts containing phosphorus and boron for effectively inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites. Guoshine et al, in the invention patent application No. 201910527286.1, disclose a lithium lanthanum zirconium oxygen based solid electrolyte material that suppresses lithium dendrites. By coating the lithium-containing compound on the surface of the lithium lanthanum zirconium oxygen-based solid electrolyte (LLZO), the interface contact layer of the LLZO and the metal lithium is a pure ion conductor, so that electrons can be prevented from being transmitted to the LLZO surface, the metal lithium is prevented from being separated out on the LLZO surface, and the growth of lithium dendrites into the LLZO phase is effectively inhibited. The invention patent with application number of CN201210295422.7 improves the performance of a lithium secondary battery by designing a solid fast ion conductor with a three-dimensional (3D) porous structure, and greatly reduces the local current density of an electrode by injecting lithium metal into a framework with a 3D structure to manufacture the electrode, thereby achieving the effect of restraining dendritic crystals. However, these methods have a good effect in suppressing the growth of dendrites, but the materials used are expensive, and the preparation process of the materials is complicated, which is not favorable for practical production and application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art and provides the electrolyte which is simple in preparation steps, low in cost and capable of effectively inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites and the preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention to solve the technical problems is as follows: an electrolyte for suppressing growth of lithium dendrites, the electrolyte comprising an organic solvent, an electrolyte salt and an additive;
the organic solvent includes ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME), Ethylene Carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC); the volume ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the dimethyl carbonate is 1: 1;
the electrolyte salt is LiPF6；
The additive comprises LiBr and LiNO3(ii) a LiBr and LiNO3Is 1.0: 50-60.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the electrolyte for inhibiting the growth of the lithium dendrite, the preparation method adopts ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether as main raw materials, and a proper amount of electrolyte salt and an additive are added and mixed to form the electrolyte, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) mixing Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) according to a volume ratio of 1: 1 and then adding LiPF6Until the concentration reaches 1.0mol/L, preparing a basic electrolyte;
2) then adding a proper amount of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME) into the basic electrolyte to ensure that the mass ratio of the DME to the basic electrolyte is 1: 2, obtaining a mixed electrolyte;
3) adding a proper amount of LiBr and LiNO into the mixed electrolyte3LiBr and LiNO3Is 1.0: and 50-60, stirring and fully dissolving to obtain the electrolyte for inhibiting the growth of the lithium dendritic crystals, and sealing and storing the electrolyte in a glove box filled with argon for later use.
The electrolyte prepared by the invention is used as the electrolyte of a lithium battery and has the current density of 0.5 mA-cm-2The surface of a lithium electrode of the lithium symmetrical battery is compact and smooth after 50 cycles of charge and discharge, and the polarization voltage of the lithium electrode can be stabilized below 50mV after 350 hours of charge and discharge cycles of the lithium symmetrical battery, which shows that the electrolyte can inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites on the lithium electrode and has the polarization reducing effect of the electrode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the required additive is cheap and easy to obtain, and the preparation process of the electrolyte is simple and is suitable for large-scale production. (2) Using organic solvent glycol dimethyl ether and LiBr, LiNO3The two additives act synergistically on the surface of the lithium anode, Br-The ions have a corrosive effect on a solid electrolyte interface film (SEI film), so that the SEI film becomes thin, compact and smooth, the Li death is avoided, the growth of lithium dendrites is effectively inhibited, and the lithium symmetric battery can stably circulate for 350 hours under a lower hysteresis voltage without obvious polarization of electrodes, so that the electrolyte has a wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a TEM image of a lithium electrode assembled by the electrolyte prepared by the invention into a lithium symmetric battery with 50 cycles of charge and discharge;
FIG. 2 is a curve of polarization voltage of a lithium electrode of a lithium symmetric battery assembled by the electrolyte prepared by the invention within 350 hours of charge-discharge cycle;
FIG. 3 shows the coulombic efficiency of a Li-Cu half-cell assembled by the electrolyte prepared by the method of the invention and circulating for 60 circles.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
Example 1:
1.0mol of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF)6) Dissolving the electrolyte in 500mL of mixed solution of Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and 500mL of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and fully stirring and dissolving to obtain basic electrolyte; then, 1.2g of basic electrolyte is weighed, and 0.6g of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME) is added to obtain mixed electrolyte; LiBr additive (1.3mg 0.015mmol) and LiNO3And (3) adding an additive (51.7mg and 0.750mmol) into the mixed electrolyte, stirring and fully dissolving to obtain the electrolyte for inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites.
Example 2:
1.0mol of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF)6) Dissolving the electrolyte in 500mL of mixed solution of Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and fully stirring and dissolving to obtain basic electrolyte; then, weighing 1.2g of basic electrolyte, and adding 0.6g of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME) to obtain mixed electrolyte; LiBr additive (1.3mg 0.015mmol) and LiNO3And adding an additive (56.9mg and 0.825mmol) into the mixed electrolyte, stirring and fully dissolving to obtain the electrolyte for inhibiting the growth of the lithium dendrite.
Example 3:
1.0mol of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF)6) Dissolving the electrolyte in 500mL of mixed solution of Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and fully stirring and dissolving to obtain basic electrolyte; then, 1.2g of basic electrolyte is weighed, and 0.6g of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME) is added to obtain mixed electrolyte; LiBr additive (1.3mg 0.015mmol) and LiNO3And adding an additive (62.1mg and 0.90mmol) into the mixed electrolyte, stirring and fully dissolving to obtain the electrolyte for inhibiting the growth of the lithium dendrites.
Example 4:
0.5mol of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF)6) Dissolving the electrolyte in a mixed solution of 250mL of Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and 250mL of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and fully stirring and dissolving to obtain a basic electrolyte; then, 1.2g of basic electrolyte is weighed, and 0.6g of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME) is added to obtain mixed electrolyte; LiBr additive (1.3mg 0.015mmol) and LiNO3Additive (51.7mg 0.750mmol) was addedAnd stirring and fully dissolving the mixed electrolyte to obtain the electrolyte for inhibiting the growth of the lithium dendrite.
Assembly and charge-discharge cycle performance test of symmetrical battery
Lithium sheets with a diameter of 16mm are used as a positive electrode and a negative electrode, commercial polypropylene is used as a diaphragm, and the lithium sheets and the diaphragm are assembled in a CR2032 type button battery case together with 40uL of the electrolyte prepared in the embodiment 1; standing at 24 deg.C for 3 hr, testing the charge-discharge cycle performance at current density of 0.5 mA-cm-2Next, the surface of a lithium electrode of the lithium symmetric battery with 50 cycles of charge and discharge is compact and smooth (fig. 1); the polarization voltage of the lithium electrode of the symmetrical lithium battery in a small range of continuous charge-discharge cycle 350 is stabilized below 50mV (figure 2); the electrolyte prepared by the method is assembled into a Li-Cu half cell, the coulombic efficiency is 60 cycles (figure 3), and the coulombic efficiency is still kept at about 96.7% after 60 cycles.

Claims (1)

1. Use of an electrolyte for inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites, the electrolyte being composed of an organic solvent, an electrolyte salt and an additive;
the organic solvent comprises ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate; the volume ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the dimethyl carbonate is 1: 1;
the electrolyte salt is LiPF6；
The additive is LiBr and LiNO3(ii) a LiBr and LiNO3Is 1.0: 50-60 parts;
the preparation method of the electrolyte for inhibiting the growth of the lithium dendrite comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate according to a volume ratio of 1: 1 and then adding LiPF6Until the concentration reaches 1.0mol/L, preparing a basic electrolyte;
(2) then adding a proper amount of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether into the basic electrolyte to ensure that the mass ratio of the ethylene glycol dimethyl ether to the basic electrolyte is 1: 2, obtaining a mixed electrolyte;
(3) adding a proper amount of LiBr and LiNO into the mixed electrolyte3LiBr and LiNO3Is 1.0: 50-60, stirring and fully dissolving to obtain the electrolyte for inhibiting the growth of the lithium dendritic crystal;
the electrolyte for inhibiting the growth of the lithium dendrite is used for inhibiting the growth of the lithium dendrite on the lithium battery electrode, and the current density is 0.5 mA-cm-2The surface of the lithium electrode of the lithium symmetrical battery is compact and smooth after 50 cycles of charge and discharge circulation, and the polarization voltage of the lithium electrode can be stabilized below 50mV after 350 hours of charge and discharge circulation of the lithium symmetrical battery, which shows that the electrolyte can inhibit the growth of lithium dendrite on the lithium electrode and has the polarization effect of reducing the electrode.
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103236560A (en) * 2013-04-16 2013-08-07 浙江大学 Lithium-sulfur battery sulfur/carbon composite positive electrode material, preparation method and applications thereof
CN107275671A (en) * 2017-07-07 2017-10-20 东莞市航盛新能源材料有限公司 A kind of electrolyte and preparation method and lithium battery for suppressing Li dendrite
CN110176622A (en) * 2019-05-15 2019-08-27 华南理工大学 A kind of lithium metal secondary battery electrolyte and the preparation method and application thereof

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US7358012B2 (en) * 2004-01-06 2008-04-15 Sion Power Corporation Electrolytes for lithium sulfur cells
US20160172706A1 (en) * 2014-12-10 2016-06-16 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Electrolyte and electrode structure
CN106252722A (en) * 2016-08-09 2016-12-21 合肥工业大学 A kind of additive with dual Li dendrite inhibitory action and application thereof
CN110323438B (en) * 2019-07-11 2022-04-05 宁波大学 Fibroin carbonized material for inhibiting growth of lithium dendrites

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103236560A (en) * 2013-04-16 2013-08-07 浙江大学 Lithium-sulfur battery sulfur/carbon composite positive electrode material, preparation method and applications thereof
CN107275671A (en) * 2017-07-07 2017-10-20 东莞市航盛新能源材料有限公司 A kind of electrolyte and preparation method and lithium battery for suppressing Li dendrite
CN110176622A (en) * 2019-05-15 2019-08-27 华南理工大学 A kind of lithium metal secondary battery electrolyte and the preparation method and application thereof

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Dendrite-Free Epitaxial Growth of Lithium Metal during Charging in Li-O2 Batteries;Xing Xin 等;《Angewandte International Edition Chemie》;20180822;第57卷(第40期);第13206-13210页 *

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