CN110657955B - Laser frequency drift measurement method and system based on frequency shift feedback loop - Google Patents
Laser frequency drift measurement method and system based on frequency shift feedback loop Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a laser frequency drift measuring method and system based on an electro-optic phase modulation frequency shift feedback loop, which have the characteristics of simplicity, high efficiency, high precision and the like. The method utilizes the double-sideband modulation characteristic of an electro-optic phase modulator to generate a pair of pulses in one modulation period, and then calculates the laser frequency drift based on the characteristic measurement that the double-pulse interval is controlled by the laser frequency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the photoelectron technology, in particular to a laser frequency drift measuring method and a laser frequency drift measuring system based on an electro-optic phase modulation frequency shift feedback loop.
Background
The narrow-linewidth frequency stabilized laser has the advantages of long coherence length, narrow linewidth, stable frequency and the like, and is widely applied to various fields such as laser radar (wind measurement, cloud measurement and the like), laser communication and the like. In these applications, the laser is required to have a single frequency output and a high frequency stability. However, the frequency stability, especially the long-term stability, of the single-frequency laser generally needs to be stabilized by a special laser to reach a higher level. The operating frequency of the single-frequency laser varies with time due to the influence of crystal temperature, mechanical vibration and other factors. This phenomenon is referred to as laser output frequency drift. In practical applications, laser frequency drift may cause large measurement errors. For example, the laser coherent wind radar measures a wind field according to the doppler effect of laser, and when the frequency of a laser drifts, the doppler frequency shift generated by laser coherence includes not only the doppler frequency shift of the wind field but also the drift of the laser frequency, so that the wind speed measurement accuracy is reduced.
Common methods for measuring the frequency drift characteristic of the single-frequency laser include a direct measurement method, a beat frequency method, a frequency standard reference method, a self-heterodyne method and the like. The direct measurement method is to directly measure the output frequency of a laser by using a spectrum analyzer, and the measurement precision is limited by the frequency resolution of the spectrum analyzer; in the beat frequency method, a laser with the same frequency and a laser to be measured are generally used for optical heterodyne mixing to generate beat frequency, a spectrum analyzer analyzes beat frequency signals to obtain the frequency stability of the laser to be measured relative to the other laser, and the frequency instability of the beat frequency signals is derived from the two lasers. Thus, the beat method requires a reference laser having a higher stability than the laser under test. Other methods such as an optical frequency comb, a photoelectron oscillator, a Fabry-Perot (F-P) resonant cavity and the like are utilized by utilizing a frequency standard reference, a laser with high stability is not required to be introduced as a frequency reference, and the frequency drift of the laser can be directly measured in an optical frequency domain. However, the frequency measurement range is limited to the etalon half-width range.
Furthermore, the french scholars Chatellus studied in 2016 to find that the frequency shift feedback loop based on acousto-optic modulation can realize laser frequency-time mapping, that is, when the laser injected into the frequency shift feedback loop is composed of multiple frequencies, at the output end of the frequency shift feedback loop, the optical pulse perfectly maps the spectrum of the input seed laser along the time axis.
Therefore, a laser frequency drift measuring method with the advantages of wide measuring range, high precision, simple structure and the like is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, in a first aspect of the present invention, a laser frequency drift measurement method based on an electro-optical phase modulation frequency shift feedback loop is provided, where the method includes:
(1) injecting laser to be detected into a frequency shift feedback loop, and generating double-sideband frequency shift through electro-optic phase modulation;
(2) within the time tau of transmitting the laser to be measured in the loop for one circle, when the modulation frequency f of the electro-optic phase modulationmAnd when the multiplied value is tau is equal to an integer, outputting and detecting double-pulse output of the laser to be detected:
(2-1) at time t, one modulation period tmDetecting a first group of double-pulse outputs of the laser to be detected passing through the electro-optic phase modulation frequency shift feedback loop to obtain a time interval t' (t) of the first group of double-pulse outputs;
(2-2) at time t + Δ t, one modulation period tmDetecting a second group of double-pulse outputs of the laser to be detected passing through the electro-optic phase modulation frequency shift feedback loop to obtain a time interval t' (t + delta t) of the second group of double-pulse outputs;
(3) obtaining the frequency drift variation f of the laser to be detected according to the difference value t '(t + delta t) -t' (t) of the time intervals of the output of the second group of double pulses and the output of the first group of double pulses0(t+Δt)-f0(t) wherein f0The frequency of the laser to be measured.
Further, the frequency drift variation f of the laser to be measured0(t+Δt)-f0(t) is:
where δ is the modulation depth of the electro-optic phase modulation, ωmAnd tau is the time required by the laser to be measured to transmit one circle in the loop for modulating the angular frequency.
Further, the modulation depth δ satisfies: pi/20 < delta <2 pi.
Further, the modulation depth δ is pi.
Further, the electro-optic phase modulation is performed based on a radio frequency drive signal having a frequency fmFundamental frequency of said loop being fc；
The method further includes adjusting the f before detecting the first and second sets of double pulse outputsmAnd/or the fcSo that both satisfy:
fm＝p×fcwherein p is a positive integer.
Further, the method further comprises: if the frequency drift variation is judged to be larger than the fundamental frequency f of the loopcThen the fundamental frequency f is increasedcSo that the frequency drift variation is not greater than the fundamental frequency fc。
Further, before detecting the first and second groups of double-pulse outputs, the method further includes a step of increasing the transmission order of the laser to be detected in the loop.
In a second aspect of the present invention, a laser frequency drift measurement system is provided, wherein the laser frequency drift measurement system applies the laser frequency drift measurement method;
the laser frequency drift measurement system comprises:
the laser emission source to be detected is used for emitting and injecting the laser to be detected into the frequency shift feedback loop;
the frequency shift feedback loop comprises a low-noise optical amplifier for amplifying the laser to be detected and an electro-optic phase modulator for performing electro-optic phase modulation on the laser to be detected;
a photodetector for detecting the first and second sets of double pulse outputs;
the 2X2 coupler comprises a first input end IN1 connected with the laser emission source to be tested, a first output end OUT1 connected with the photoelectric detector, and a second input end IN2 and a second output end OUT2 connected with the frequency shift feedback loop;
and the high-speed acquisition system is connected with and receives the pulse output signal of the laser to be detected from the photoelectric detector and is used for measuring the time interval of the output of the first group of double pulses and the second group of double pulses in real time.
Further, a radio frequency driver is arranged in the electro-optical phase modulator to send out a radio frequency driving signal for the electro-optical phase modulation.
Further, the frequency shift feedback loop further comprises an optical narrow-band filter, and the central wavelength of the optical narrow-band filter is the same as the wavelength of the laser to be detected, so that the self-oscillation of the loop is suppressed.
The invention can obtain a simple, high-efficiency and high-precision laser frequency drift measurement method and system based on the double-pulse output characteristic of the electro-optic phase modulation frequency shift feedback loop and the characteristic that the double-pulse interval is controlled by the laser frequency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laser frequency drift measurement process based on an electro-optic phase modulation frequency shift feedback loop according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser frequency drift measurement system based on an electro-optic phase modulation frequency shift feedback loop according to the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
1-laser emission source to be measured; a 2-2X2 coupler; 3-an electro-optic phase modulator; 4-low noise optical amplifier; 5-an optical narrow-band filter; 6-a photodetector; 7-high speed acquisition system.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a schematic diagram of a laser frequency drift measurement process and a schematic diagram of a laser frequency drift measurement system according to the present invention are shown, respectively.
Referring to fig. 2, a laser emission source 1 to be measured emits laser light to be measured, and the laser light is injected into a frequency shift feedback loop through a 2X2 coupler 2 (such as an optical fiber coupler), and then sequentially passes through an electro-optic phase modulator 3 (which may include a radio frequency driver for outputting a radio frequency driving signal), a low-noise optical amplifier 4, and an optical narrow-band filter 5, and then is fed back to an input end IN2 of the coupler 2 again, and another output end OUT1 of the coupler is directly connected to a photodetector 6.
Injecting laser to be measured into a frequency shift feedback loop, generating double-sideband frequency shift through a phase modulator 3, and compensating loss of the modulated laser to be measured through a low noise amplifier 4 due to insertion loss of the modulator and connection loss between devices; meanwhile, in order to avoid the mode locking phenomenon caused by the self-excitation of the loop, an optical narrow-band filter 5 is inserted into the loop, so that the frequency of the laser to be measured is in the pass band range of the filter. Preferably, the center wavelength of the optical narrow-band filter 5 (such as a fiber filter) is the same as the wavelength of the laser to be measured, so as to further perform the functions of spectral filtering and raising the loop self-excitation threshold. And feeding the laser to be detected after the double-sideband frequency shift back to the loop input end again, and repeating the process to form a double-sideband frequency shift feedback loop.
Adjusting the time tau required by the laser to be measured to transmit for one circle in the loop and the modulation frequency f of the phase modulatormSo as to satisfy the resonance condition, i.e., τ × fmAn integer. At this time, due to the double-sideband modulation characteristic of the electro-optic modulator, a pair of pulses is generated within one modulation period, and the pulse interval is determined by the laser frequency. Let EIN1(t)、EoUT1(t) represents the laser electric field at the input (input end IN1) and output (output end OUT1) of the 2 × 2 coupler, respectively, and the expression relationship is shown as follows:
wherein, the transmission matrix of the 2X2 coupler 2 can be expressed as:
(m, n denote coupler input and output, respectively, tmnTo representThe average value of the transmission efficiency of the laser to be tested, which is injected into the coupler from the input port m and then exits from the output port n, is less than 1). The electric field expression of the laser to be measured is
Wherein the laser angular frequency is omegao＝2πfo(foThe frequency of the laser to be measured). The time required for the laser to transmit in the loop for one circle is tau, and the transfer function of the electro-optic phase modulation is
Wherein delta-pi Vm/VπTo modulate depth (V)mRadio frequency voltage, V, for electro-optic phase modulatorsπHalf-wave voltage of electro-optic phase modulator). Gamma is the loss factor of the loop, omegamFor modulating angular frequency, fmFor modulating frequency (omega)m＝2πfm)。
And when the modulation frequency of the electro-optic phase modulation is equal to the integral multiple of the loop fundamental frequency, outputting the double-pulse laser by a frequency shift feedback loop based on the electro-optic phase modulation. The double pulse interval t '(t) at time t and the double pulse interval t' (t + Δ t) at time t + Δ t are measured, respectively, so that the laser frequency varies by an amount ω0(t+Δt)-ω0The relationship between (t) and the pulse interval variation t '(t + Δ t) -t' (t) can be expressed as
Or
And finally, measuring the double-pulse interval in real time through the high-speed acquisition system 7, and reversely deducing the variation of the laser frequency according to the relation, so that the real-time measurement of the laser frequency drift can be realized.
In a preferred embodiment, the power of the RF drive signal of the electro-optic phase modulator is adjusted so that the modulation depth delta equals pi for a modulation period tm＝2π/ωmEach laser frequency corresponds to a pair of pulses with a double pulse interval
(modulation depth. delta. -. pi.) measured by the instantaneous angular frequency. omega. of the laser0And (6) determining. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, when the modulation depth δ satisfies π/20<δ<At 2m, ωoThe vicinity of τ -2 b-pi still satisfies a pair of pulses per laser frequency, except that the effective measurement range is reduced compared to a modulation depth δ equal to pi. However, when the modulation depth δ is too small or too large (e.g., δ ═ pi/20 or δ ═ 2 pi), the effective measurement range is greatly reduced, and real-time measurement of the frequency shift of the laser frequency cannot be realized. Therefore, the change rule of the laser instantaneous frequency can be inverted by using the interval change of the double pulses.
As another preferred mode, the present invention can be implemented by adjusting the frequency f of the radio frequency signalmSum loop fundamental frequency fc(the loop base frequency is determined by the loop length fcc/L, L being the loop length and c being the speed of light in vacuum), so that the modulation frequency fmEqual to an integer multiple (p × f)cP is an integer) loop fundamental frequency fcAnd the pulse output is more favorably observed from the output end.
Furthermore, when the laser frequency instantaneously drifts beyond the loop fundamental frequency fcDue to the periodicity of the sine function, the absolute amount of the laser frequency drift amount cannot be resolved at this time. Therefore, the loop fundamental frequency can be increased by shortening the loop length, or the loop fundamental frequency can be increased by changing the phase of the back-end algorithm by using two or more loops. The loop fundamental frequency can be continuously adjusted from 5MHz to 100MHz by the method. Therefore, when the laser frequency drift is large, the loop fundamental frequency f can be increasedcTo avoid laser frequency jitter outside the measurement range.
In addition, the measurement accuracy of the laser frequency drift depends on the pulse width, so that shortening the time domain width of the pulse can improve the measurement accuracy of the laser frequency drift; in particular by increasing the transmission order of the laser light to be measured in the frequency shift feedback loop (e.g. 10)5) Eventually, the order of 100Hz can be realizedFrequency resolution.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be regarded as equivalent substitutions and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A laser frequency drift measurement method based on an electro-optic phase modulation frequency shift feedback loop is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) injecting laser to be detected into a frequency shift feedback loop, and generating double-sideband frequency shift through electro-optic phase modulation;
(2) the laser to be measured is transmitted for one circle in the frequency shift feedback loopτWhen the modulation frequency of the electro-optical phase modulationf m Multiplied by saidτWhen the number is equal to the integer, outputting and detecting double-pulse output of the laser to be detected:
(2-1) at time t, one modulation periodt m Detecting the first group of double-pulse output of the laser to be detected passing through the frequency shift feedback loop to obtain the time interval of the first group of double-pulse outputt＇(t)；
(2-2) int+∆tTime of day, one modulation periodt m Detecting the second group of double-pulse output of the laser to be detected passing through the frequency shift feedback loop to obtain the time interval of the second group of double-pulse outputt＇(t+∆t)；
(3) According to the difference between the time interval of the second group of double-pulse output and the time interval of the first group of double-pulse outputt＇(t+∆t)- t＇(t) Obtaining the frequency drift variation of the laser to be measuredf 0 (t+∆t)- f 0 (t) Wherein, in the step (A),f 0 the frequency of the laser to be detected is obtained;
the laser to be detectedAmount of frequency drift variation off 0 (t+∆t)- f 0 (t) Comprises the following steps:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,δfor the modulation depth of the electro-optical phase modulation,ω m is the modulation angular frequency;τand the time required for transmitting the laser to be detected in the loop for one week.
2. The laser frequency drift measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the modulation depth δ satisfies: pi/20<δ<2π。
3. The laser frequency drift measurement method of claim 2, wherein the modulation depthδ=π。
4. The method according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the electro-optical phase modulation is performed based on a radio frequency drive signal having a frequency off m The fundamental frequency of the loop beingf c ；
The method further includes adjusting the first set of double pulse outputs and the second set of double pulse outputs before detecting the first set of double pulse outputs and the second set of double pulse outputsf m And/or the saidf c So that both satisfy:
f m =p×f c whereinpIs a positive integer.
5. The laser frequency drift measurement method of any one of claims 1-3, further comprising: if the frequency drift variation is judged to be larger than the fundamental frequency of the loopf c Then increase the radicalFrequency converterf c So that the frequency drift variation is not larger than the fundamental frequencyf c。
6. The method of any of claims 1-3, further comprising the step of increasing the order of propagation of the laser light under test in the loop prior to detecting the first set of double pulse outputs and the second set of double pulse outputs.
7. A laser frequency drift measuring system, wherein the laser frequency drift measuring system applies the laser frequency drift measuring method of any one of claims 1 to 6;
the laser frequency drift measurement system comprises:
the laser emission source (1) to be detected is used for emitting and injecting the laser to be detected into the frequency shift feedback loop;
the frequency shift feedback loop comprises a low-noise optical amplifier (4) for amplifying the laser to be detected and an electro-optic phase modulator (3) for performing electro-optic phase modulation on the laser to be detected;
a photodetector (6) for detecting the first set of double pulse outputs, the second set of double pulse outputs;
the 2X2 coupler (2) comprises a first input end IN1 connected with the laser emission source (1) to be tested, a first output end OUT1 connected with the photoelectric detector (6), and a second input end IN2 and a second output end OUT2 connected with the frequency shift feedback loop;
and the high-speed acquisition system (7) is connected with and receives the pulse output signal of the laser to be detected from the photoelectric detector (6) and is used for measuring the time interval of the output of the first group of double pulses and the second group of double pulses in real time.
8. Laser frequency drift measurement system according to claim 7, characterized in that a radio frequency driver is arranged within the electro-optical phase modulator (3) to emit a radio frequency drive signal for the electro-optical phase modulation.
9. Laser frequency drift measurement system according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the frequency shift feedback loop further comprises an optical narrow band filter (5), the center wavelength of the optical narrow band filter (5) being the same as the wavelength of the laser light to be measured to suppress self-oscillation of the loop.
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