CN110647311A - Uncontrollable random number generation method and system - Google Patents
Uncontrollable random number generation method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an uncontrollable random number generating method, which comprises the specific steps of data acquisition, data processing, random number generation and data verification, and provides four application scenes of guessing a screen game, lottery drawing, lucky audience drawing and license plate number drawing for the method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of block chains, in particular to an uncontrollable random number generation method and an uncontrollable random number generation system.
Background
Randomness is one of the basic requirements of the world becoming rich and colorful, is the main source of vitality in industries such as games, lotteries and the like, is the root of life as a random number generator for simulating randomness, and once the randomness of a game is mastered, the game fairness is lost, and the game becomes a sign of death. For example, in the lottery industry, the lottery drawing link after the lottery sales is theoretically random, but the hidden boxes with infinite numbers for controlling the explosion of news deeply doubts people about the randomness of the news and cannot prove that the lottery drawing is truly random as a lottery issuing organization; the same is true for the gaming industry, whether an masterpiece appears, is directionally assigned, or is truly randomly generated, without knowing that there may be less and less trust over time in whether true random is ever present for players who never hit the masterpiece, and that true random is not trusted by the producer of the game, since even if true random there is a probability that some people never reach the masterpiece. How to design a true random number generator, which can not be operated by the user and can not be cleared by the issuer, becomes an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a method for generating an unmanageable random number based on the non-tamper property of a blockchain. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) data acquisition: the participator inputs the number with specific meaning selected by the participator through the participator data management module, the transaction management module converts the related number into the blockchain transaction, and the participator signs the blockchain transaction through the transaction management module;
(2) data processing: after all participants finish digital input, a block forging module types block chain transactions converted by all the participants into a block, a participation data management module finds out the block chain transactions containing the digital information, namely the block where the block chain transactions are located, then, a random number algorithm module combines complete data and block head data of all the transactions together to form data, and an encryption algorithm is executed to extract a data abstract;
(3) random number generation: extracting corresponding digits of the abstract character strings in the step (2) through a random number algorithm module according to specific requirements of an application scene, converting the extracted corresponding digits into a specific digit system, and generating a random number related to all participating data through the random number algorithm module according to the specific random algorithm based on the participating data according to the specific requirements of the application scene, wherein the random algorithm is characterized in that a participating non-directional control calculation result is input, namely any input change is unpredictable;
(4) data verification: and verifying the correctness of a random number through a random data verification module, and verifying the authenticity of the generated random number by other participants, and finally, selecting the number in the application scene.
Further, the specific application scene is a screen guessing game, and the steps are as follows:
(1) data acquisition: the participator selects own guessed number through the participatory data management module, wherein the guessed number comprises a number, a guessed round, a bet amount and a guessed commission charge, the transaction management module converts the related number into a blockchain transaction, and the participator signs the blockchain transaction through the transaction management module;
(2) data processing: the block chain checks whether the balance of the accounts of the participants is sufficient through the account management module, after all the participants finish digital input, the block forging module types the block chain transaction converted by all the participants into a block, the participation data management module finds out the block chain transaction containing the guess digital information, namely the block where the block chain transaction is located, then, the random number algorithm module merges the complete data and the block head data of all the transactions together into data, and executes an encryption algorithm to extract a data abstract;
(3) random number generation: extracting the last 1 digit of the data abstract character string through a random number arithmetic module, converting the last digit into a six-digit system, converting the six-digit system into a character string through a random number arithmetic module, extracting the last digit of the character string, converting the character string into a decimal system, and adding one to the converted decimal number to obtain a final sieve number;
(4) data verification: and the block chain compares which one of the guessed digital transactions is guessed through the random number verification module, and finally completes a round of guessing screens.
Further, the specific application scenario is lottery drawing, and the steps specifically include:
(1) data acquisition: the participator selects the predicted winning number by himself through the participation data management module, the winning number comprises 7 digits, lottery option number and bet amount, the transaction management module converts the related digits into block chain transaction, and the participator signs the block chain transaction through the transaction management module;
(2) data processing: the block chain checks whether the balance of the accounts of the participants is sufficient through the account management module, the block forging module types all block chain transactions for purchasing lottery tickets into blocks when the lottery drawing time is up, the participation data management module finds out all block chain transactions containing the purchased lottery tickets, namely the located blocks, then the random number algorithm module combines the complete data and the block head data of all the transactions together into data, and executes an encryption algorithm to extract a data abstract;
(3) random number generation: extracting the last 14 digits of the abstract character string through a random number calculation module, converting the thirty-binary number into a character string, extracting the last 14 digits of the character string, converting each two-digit character string into a decimal number, and adding one to each converted decimal number to obtain the final 7 lottery numbers;
(4) data verification: the block chain compares which transaction in the lottery transaction guesses through the random number verification module, the account management module gives account of the amount in the transaction of the number which is not guessed as the bonus according to the number guessed by the guesser, the bonus is distributed, the transaction of the fund distribution is recorded on the block chain through the block forging module, and finally a round of lottery sale and lottery drawing are completed.
Further, the specific application scenario is to extract lucky audiences, and the steps are specifically as follows:
(1) data acquisition: the participator submits own mobile phone number or seat number to participate in lottery through the participation data management module, wherein the mobile phone number or seat number and the lottery period number are included, the transaction management module converts related numbers into blockchain transaction, and the participator signs the blockchain transaction through the transaction management module;
(2) data processing: after block chain transactions of all participants are typed into blocks through a block forging module, the participation data management module finds out all block chain transactions containing lottery, namely located blocks, the random number algorithm module merges complete data and block head data of all the transactions together to form data, and an encryption algorithm is executed to extract a data abstract;
(3) random number generation: extracting the last 4 digits of the abstract character string through a random number calculation module, converting the last 4 digits into a decimal number, converting the decimal number into the character string, dividing the decimal number by the total number of participating personnel to obtain a remainder, and taking the remainder as a winning sequence number;
(4) data verification: and extracting the block chain transaction corresponding to the serial number through a random number calculation module, finally obtaining the mobile phone number or the seat number of the transaction, obtaining the lucky audience through a random number verification module, and finally finishing a round of lucky audience extraction.
Further, the specific application scenario is to extract the license plate number, and the steps are as follows:
(1) data acquisition: the participator submits own number selection application including number selection type and the like through the participatory data management module, the transaction management module converts the related number into blockchain transaction, and the participator signs the blockchain transaction through the transaction management module;
(2) after block chain transactions of all participants are punched into blocks through a block forging module, a participation data management module finds out all block chain transactions containing applications, namely the blocks where the block chain transactions are located, a random number calculation module sequentially merges HASH data of each person applying for transactions and HASH data of the blocks where the block chain transactions are located into data, and the data are sequentially encrypted to extract a data abstract;
(3) random number generation: the random number algorithm module sequentially extracts the last 20 digits of the data summary character string, converts the last 20 digits into thirty-six digits, converts the thirty-six digits into a character string, intercepts the last five-digit character string of the character string, further checks whether the character string is occupied, if the character string is used, the number selection fails, and if the character string is not occupied, the number selection succeeds;
(4) data verification: and the random number verification module calculates and verifies in sequence to obtain the numbers of all the applicants, and finally completes the extraction of a batch of license plate numbers.
The invention also provides an uncontrollable random number generating system, which comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a random number generating module and a data verification module, wherein:
the data acquisition module is used for recording a number which is selected by a participant through the participation data management module and has a specific meaning, the transaction management module converts the related number into a blockchain transaction, and the participant signs the blockchain transaction through the transaction management module;
the work flow of the data processing module is that after all participants finish digital input, a block forging module punches block chain transactions converted by all the participants into a block, a participating data management module finds out the block chain transactions containing the digital information, namely the block where the block chain transactions are located, then, a random number algorithm module merges complete data and block head data of all the transactions together into data, and an encryption algorithm is executed to extract a data abstract;
the working process of the random number generation module is that according to the specific requirements of an application scene, a random number algorithm module extracts the corresponding digit of the abstract character string, converts the extracted corresponding digit into a specific digit system, and then according to the specific requirements of the application scene, the random number algorithm module generates a random number related to all the participated data according to a specific random algorithm based on the participated data, wherein the random algorithm is characterized in that the calculation result of the participated non-directional control is input, namely the change of any input is unpredictable;
the work flow of the data verification module is that the correctness of a random number is verified through the random data verification module, and the random number is used for verifying the authenticity of the generated random number by other participants and finally selecting a number in the application scene.
The method has the advantages of realizing the function of generating verifiable random numbers related to participants and solving the problem of cheating of the random numbers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. It should be noted that the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Fig. 1 discloses a general flow of the present invention, in which a random number generator is based on the non-falsifiable characteristic of a block chain, and a core design idea that a participant is a producer is used to solve the strong correlation between a random number and the participant, and a special random number generation algorithm is used to keep the random number consistent during repeated generation, thereby not only realizing the change of the random number along with the change of the participant, but also not allowing the participant to control the generation of the random number, and also repeatedly verifying the correctness of the random number among all participants, and reliably generating a trusted random number among all participants.
The random number generator mainly comprises three core modules, a data management module, a random number calculation method module and a random number verification module. The participation data management module is mainly used for collecting, storing and sorting data about to participate in random number calculation, the data may include account data of participants, business data submitted by the participants and the like, and the data is arbitrary data, but needs to express the uniqueness of the participation of the participants; in the random number algorithm module, the random number algorithm module is mainly used for generating a random number related to all participation data according to a specific algorithm based on the participation data given by a user, the algorithm can be self-defined, and can also select and use the algorithms which are already defined on a block chain, and the common characteristic of the algorithms is that the change of the result is unpredictable when the calculation result of the participation in the non-directional control, namely the change of any input, is input; in the random number verification module, the method is mainly used for verifying the correctness of one random number and verifying the authenticity of the generated random number by other participants.
Fig. 3 is embodiment 1 of the present invention, and the specific application scenario is a sieve guessing game, and the steps specifically include:
(1) data acquisition: the participator selects own guessed number through the participatory data management module, wherein the guessed number comprises a number, a guessed round, a bet amount and a guessed commission charge, the transaction management module converts the related number into a blockchain transaction, and the participator signs the blockchain transaction through the transaction management module;
(2) data processing: the block chain checks whether the balance of the accounts of the participants is sufficient through the account management module, after all the participants finish digital input, the block forging module types the block chain transaction converted by all the participants into a block, the participation data management module finds out the block chain transaction containing the guess digital information, namely the block where the block chain transaction is located, then, the random number algorithm module merges the complete data and the block head data of all the transactions together into data, and executes an encryption algorithm to extract a data abstract;
(3) random number generation: extracting the last 1 digit of the data abstract character string through a random number arithmetic module, converting the last digit into a six-digit system, converting the six-digit system into a character string through a random number arithmetic module, extracting the last digit of the character string, converting the character string into a decimal system, and adding one to the converted decimal number to obtain a final sieve number;
(4) data verification: and the block chain compares which one of the guessed digital transactions is guessed through the random number verification module, and finally completes a round of guessing screens.
Fig. 4 is embodiment 2 of the present invention, and a specific application scenario is lottery drawing, which specifically includes the following steps:
(1) data acquisition: the participator selects the predicted winning number by himself through the participation data management module, the winning number comprises 7 digits, lottery option number and bet amount, the transaction management module converts the related digits into block chain transaction, and the participator signs the block chain transaction through the transaction management module;
(2) data processing: the block chain checks whether the balance of the accounts of the participants is sufficient through the account management module, the block forging module types all block chain transactions for purchasing lottery tickets into blocks when the lottery drawing time is up, the participation data management module finds out all block chain transactions containing the purchased lottery tickets, namely the located blocks, then the random number algorithm module combines the complete data and the block head data of all the transactions together into data, and executes an encryption algorithm to extract a data abstract;
(3) random number generation: extracting the last 14 digits of the abstract character string through a random number calculation module, converting the thirty-binary number into a character string, extracting the last 14 digits of the character string, converting each two-digit character string into a decimal number, and adding one to each converted decimal number to obtain the final 7 lottery numbers;
(4) data verification: the block chain compares which transaction in the lottery transaction guesses through the random number verification module, the account management module gives account of the amount in the transaction of the number which is not guessed as the bonus according to the number guessed by the guesser, the bonus is distributed, the transaction of the fund distribution is recorded on the block chain through the block forging module, and finally a round of lottery sale and lottery drawing are completed.
Fig. 5 is an embodiment 3 of the present invention, in which a specific application scenario is to extract lucky viewers, and the steps specifically include:
(1) data acquisition: the participator submits own mobile phone number or seat number to participate in lottery through the participation data management module, wherein the mobile phone number or seat number and the lottery period number are included, the transaction management module converts related numbers into blockchain transaction, and the participator signs the blockchain transaction through the transaction management module;
(2) data processing: after block chain transactions of all participants are typed into blocks through a block forging module, the participation data management module finds out all block chain transactions containing lottery, namely located blocks, the random number algorithm module merges complete data and block head data of all the transactions together to form data, and an encryption algorithm is executed to extract a data abstract;
(3) random number generation: extracting the last 4 digits of the abstract character string through a random number calculation module, converting the last 4 digits into a decimal number, converting the decimal number into the character string, dividing the decimal number by the total number of participating personnel to obtain a remainder, and taking the remainder as a winning sequence number;
(4) data verification: and extracting the block chain transaction corresponding to the serial number through a random number calculation module, finally obtaining the mobile phone number or the seat number of the transaction, obtaining the lucky audience through a random number verification module, and finally finishing a round of lucky audience extraction.
Fig. 6 shows a specific application scenario of embodiment 4 of the present invention is to extract a license plate number, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) data acquisition: the participator submits own number selection application including number selection type and the like through the participatory data management module, the transaction management module converts the related number into blockchain transaction, and the participator signs the blockchain transaction through the transaction management module;
(2) after block chain transactions of all participants are punched into blocks through a block forging module, a participation data management module finds out all block chain transactions containing applications, namely the blocks where the block chain transactions are located, a random number calculation module sequentially merges HASH data of each person applying for transactions and HASH data of the blocks where the block chain transactions are located into data, and the data are sequentially encrypted to extract a data abstract;
(3) random number generation: the random number algorithm module sequentially extracts the last 20 digits of the data summary character string, converts the last 20 digits into thirty-six digits, converts the thirty-six digits into a character string, intercepts the last five-digit character string of the character string, further checks whether the character string is occupied, if the character string is used, the number selection fails, and if the character string is not occupied, the number selection succeeds;
(4) data verification: and the random number verification module calculates and verifies in sequence to obtain the numbers of all the applicants, and finally completes the extraction of a batch of license plate numbers.
In the above 4 embodiments of the present invention, there are two key links: the first is to collect data, where unpredictable data must be collected together, and the second is the algorithm of random numbers.
The random number algorithm in the above 4 embodiments may use number (running (10to6(subst 5 (data))) +1, where number represents the running to decimal number, running represents the running to character string, 10to6 represents the running to six-ary, running represents the extraction of the last character string, MD5 represents the extraction of the data digest, SHA256 represents the encryption of the data, and the list of MD5 and SHA256 is not used to limit the types of data digest algorithms and data encryption algorithms available, and other algorithms such as CRC8, CRC16, CRC32, CRC 2, MD4, SHA1, SHA384, SHA512, RIPEMD, PANAMA, TIGER, ADLER32, DES, AES, RSA, BASE64, RC 38, RC4, IDEA, PKCS, SSF33, SSF28, SCB2, etc. may all be used without enumeration.
Fig. 2 shows a non-manipulable random number generation system, which includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a random number generation module, and a data verification module, wherein:
the data acquisition module is used for recording a number which is selected by a participant through the participation data management module and has a specific meaning, the transaction management module converts the related number into a blockchain transaction, and the participant signs the blockchain transaction through the transaction management module;
the work flow of the data processing module is that after all participants finish digital input, a block forging module punches block chain transactions converted by all the participants into a block, a participating data management module finds out the block chain transactions containing the digital information, namely the block where the block chain transactions are located, then, a random number algorithm module merges complete data and block head data of all the transactions together into data, and an encryption algorithm is executed to extract a data abstract;
the working process of the random number generation module is that according to the specific requirements of an application scene, a random number algorithm module extracts the corresponding digit of the abstract character string, converts the extracted corresponding digit into a specific digit system, and then according to the specific requirements of the application scene, the random number algorithm module generates a random number related to all the participated data according to a specific random algorithm based on the participated data, wherein the random algorithm is characterized in that the calculation result of the participated non-directional control is input, namely the change of any input is unpredictable;
the work flow of the data verification module is that the correctness of a random number is verified through the random data verification module, and the random number is used for verifying the authenticity of the generated random number by other participants and finally selecting a number in the application scene.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the technical scope of the present invention, so that the changes and modifications made by the claims and the specification of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for generating an uncontrollable random number, comprising the steps of:
(1) data acquisition: the participator inputs the number with specific meaning selected by the participator through the participator data management module, the transaction management module converts the related number into the blockchain transaction, and the participator signs the blockchain transaction through the transaction management module;
(2) data processing: after all participants finish digital input, a block forging module types block chain transactions converted by all the participants into a block, a participation data management module finds out the block chain transactions containing the digital information, namely the block where the block chain transactions are located, then, a random number algorithm module combines complete data and block head data of all the transactions together to form data, and an encryption algorithm is executed to extract a data abstract;
(3) random number generation: extracting corresponding digits of the abstract character strings in the step (2) through a random number algorithm module according to specific requirements of an application scene, converting the extracted corresponding digits into a specific digit system, and generating a random number related to all participating data through the random number algorithm module according to the specific random algorithm based on the participating data according to the specific requirements of the application scene, wherein the random algorithm is characterized in that a participating non-directional control calculation result is input, namely any input change is unpredictable;
(4) data verification: and verifying the correctness of a random number through a random data verification module, and verifying the authenticity of the generated random number by other participants, and finally, selecting the number in the application scene.
2. The method for generating uncontrollable random numbers according to claim 1, wherein the specific application scenario is a guessing screen game, and the steps are as follows:
(1) data acquisition: the participator selects own guessed number through the participatory data management module, wherein the guessed number comprises a number, a guessed round, a bet amount and a guessed commission charge, the transaction management module converts the related number into a blockchain transaction, and the participator signs the blockchain transaction through the transaction management module;
(2) data processing: the block chain checks whether the balance of the accounts of the participants is sufficient through the account management module, after all the participants finish digital input, the block forging module types the block chain transaction converted by all the participants into a block, the participation data management module finds out the block chain transaction containing the guess digital information, namely the block where the block chain transaction is located, then, the random number algorithm module merges the complete data and the block head data of all the transactions together into data, and executes an encryption algorithm to extract a data abstract;
(3) random number generation: extracting the last 1 digit of the data abstract character string through a random number arithmetic module, converting the last digit into a six-digit system, converting the six-digit system into a character string through a random number arithmetic module, extracting the last digit of the character string, converting the character string into a decimal system, and adding one to the converted decimal number to obtain a final sieve number;
(4) data verification: and the block chain compares which one of the guessed digital transactions is guessed through the random number verification module, and finally completes a round of guessing screens.
3. The uncontrollable random number generating method according to claim 1, wherein the specific application scenario is lottery drawing, and the steps specifically include:
(1) data acquisition: the participator selects the predicted winning number by himself through the participation data management module, the winning number comprises 7 digits, lottery option number and bet amount, the transaction management module converts the related digits into block chain transaction, and the participator signs the block chain transaction through the transaction management module;
(2) data processing: the block chain checks whether the balance of the accounts of the participants is sufficient through the account management module, the block forging module types all block chain transactions for purchasing lottery tickets into blocks when the lottery drawing time is up, the participation data management module finds out all block chain transactions containing the purchased lottery tickets, namely the located blocks, then the random number algorithm module combines the complete data and the block head data of all the transactions together into data, and executes an encryption algorithm to extract a data abstract;
(3) random number generation: extracting the last 14 digits of the abstract character string through a random number calculation module, converting the thirty-binary number into a character string, extracting the last 14 digits of the character string, converting each two-digit character string into a decimal number, and adding one to each converted decimal number to obtain the final 7 lottery numbers;
(4) data verification: the block chain compares which transaction in the lottery transaction guesses through the random number verification module, the account management module gives account of the amount in the transaction of the number which is not guessed as the bonus according to the number guessed by the guesser, the bonus is distributed, the transaction of the fund distribution is recorded on the block chain through the block forging module, and finally a round of lottery sale and lottery drawing are completed.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the specific application scenario is to extract lucky viewers, and the steps are specifically:
(1) data acquisition: the participator submits own mobile phone number or seat number to participate in lottery through the participation data management module, wherein the mobile phone number or seat number and the lottery period number are included, the transaction management module converts related numbers into blockchain transaction, and the participator signs the blockchain transaction through the transaction management module;
(2) data processing: after block chain transactions of all participants are typed into blocks through a block forging module, the participation data management module finds out all block chain transactions containing lottery, namely located blocks, the random number algorithm module merges complete data and block head data of all the transactions together to form data, and an encryption algorithm is executed to extract a data abstract;
(3) random number generation: extracting the last 4 digits of the abstract character string through a random number calculation module, converting the last 4 digits into a decimal number, converting the decimal number into the character string, dividing the decimal number by the total number of participating personnel to obtain a remainder, and taking the remainder as a winning sequence number;
(4) data verification: and extracting the block chain transaction corresponding to the serial number through a random number calculation module, finally obtaining the mobile phone number or the seat number of the transaction, obtaining the lucky audience through a random number verification module, and finally finishing a round of lucky audience extraction.
5. The method for generating an uncontrollable random number according to claim 1, wherein the specific application scenario is the extraction of a license plate number, and the steps are as follows:
(1) data acquisition: the participator submits own number selection application including number selection type and the like through the participatory data management module, the transaction management module converts the related number into blockchain transaction, and the participator signs the blockchain transaction through the transaction management module;
(2) after block chain transactions of all participants are punched into blocks through a block forging module, a participation data management module finds out all block chain transactions containing applications, namely the blocks where the block chain transactions are located, a random number calculation module sequentially merges HASH data of each person applying for transactions and HASH data of the blocks where the block chain transactions are located into data, and the data are sequentially encrypted to extract a data abstract;
(3) random number generation: the random number algorithm module sequentially extracts the last 20 digits of the data summary character string, converts the last 20 digits into thirty-six digits, converts the thirty-six digits into a character string, intercepts the last five-digit character string of the character string, further checks whether the character string is occupied, if the character string is used, the number selection fails, and if the character string is not occupied, the number selection succeeds;
(4) data verification: and the random number verification module calculates and verifies in sequence to obtain the numbers of all the applicants, and finally completes the extraction of a batch of license plate numbers.
6. A non-controllable random number generation system comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a random number generation module and a data verification module, wherein:
the data acquisition module is used for recording a number which is selected by a participant through the participation data management module and has a specific meaning, the transaction management module converts the related number into a blockchain transaction, and the participant signs the blockchain transaction through the transaction management module;
the work flow of the data processing module is that after all participants finish digital input, a block forging module punches block chain transactions converted by all the participants into a block, a participating data management module finds out the block chain transactions containing the digital information, namely the block where the block chain transactions are located, then, a random number algorithm module merges complete data and block head data of all the transactions together into data, and an encryption algorithm is executed to extract a data abstract;
the working process of the random number generation module is that according to the specific requirements of an application scene, a random number algorithm module extracts the corresponding digit of the abstract character string, converts the extracted corresponding digit into a specific digit system, and then according to the specific requirements of the application scene, the random number algorithm module generates a random number related to all the participated data according to a specific random algorithm based on the participated data, wherein the random algorithm is characterized in that the calculation result of the participated non-directional control is input, namely the change of any input is unpredictable;
the work flow of the data verification module is that the correctness of a random number is verified through the random data verification module, and the random number is used for verifying the authenticity of the generated random number by other participants and finally selecting a number in the application scene.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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