CN110625366A - Non-contact positioning installation method for spherical cabin protection plate - Google Patents
Non-contact positioning installation method for spherical cabin protection plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN110625366A CN110625366A CN201910860837.6A CN201910860837A CN110625366A CN 110625366 A CN110625366 A CN 110625366A CN 201910860837 A CN201910860837 A CN 201910860837A CN 110625366 A CN110625366 A CN 110625366A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
- B23P19/04—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B11/00—Work holders not covered by any preceding group in the subclass, e.g. magnetic work holders, vacuum work holders
- B25B11/02—Assembly jigs
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Abstract
A non-contact positioning installation method for a spherical cabin protection plate relates to the technical field of spacecraft manufacturing; the method comprises the following steps: manufacturing 8 protection plates according to the node cabin; step two, radially positioning the 1 protective plate relative to the node cabin; step three, installing n protective plate installation supports; fourthly, mounting a positioning support structure at the axial top end of the protection plate mounting support; step five, traversing the outer wall of the protection plate by adopting a magnetic column; determining and marking all positions to be punched; step six, punching holes on the protection plate according to the marks; mounting a protection plate on a protection plate mounting support; step seven, repeating the step two to the step six for 7 times; the installation of the other 7 protection plates is completed; the method solves the installation problem of the extra-cabin protection plate of the node cabin structure, solves the problem that the installation hole cannot be drilled accurately in the shielded space, and realizes the quick acquisition of the coordinate value of the positioning point of the protection plate installation support.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spacecraft manufacturing, in particular to a non-contact positioning installation method for a spherical cabin protection plate.
Background
Aiming at the node cabin structure of the core cabin of the space station, the node cabin structure is positioned at the head of the core cabin of the space station, belongs to a sealed pressurized cabin and is an important connecting hub of the space station. Aiming at the threat of space debris to the safe operation of the spacecraft, a protection plate is arranged on the outer side of the cabin body of the spacecraft to protect the cabin body. The node cabin structure protection plate is located on the outer side of the node cabin spherical wall plate. The node cabin wall plate is formed by spherical roll bending, certain deviation exists between the position of the mounting hole on the formed grid rib and the theoretical position, the mounting position of the protection plate relative to the whole cabin is difficult to calibrate, and the protection plate of the node cabin cannot be directly mounted. Accurate installation is required by using precision measurement equipment and a large five-axis numerical control machine tool, and the assembly efficiency is very low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a non-contact positioning installation method for a protection plate of a spherical cabin, solves the installation problem of an extra-cabin protection plate of a node cabin structure, solves the problem that an installation hole cannot be accurately drilled in a shielded space, and realizes the quick acquisition of coordinate values of positioning points of a protection plate installation support.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a non-contact positioning installation method for protective plates of a spherical cabin comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting a node cabin with a spherical structure; reinforcing ribs are unevenly distributed on the outer wall of the node cabin; manufacturing 8 protection plates according to the node cabin; the spliced 8 protection plates are spherical bodies concentric with the node cabin, and the spliced 8 protection plates are sleeved on the outer wall of the node cabin;
step two, radially positioning the 1 protective plate relative to the outer wall of the node cabin;
step three, installing n protective plate installation supports at the tops of the reinforcing ribs in the node cabin corresponding to the protective plate area;
step four, fixedly mounting 1 positioning support structure at the axial top end of each protection plate mounting support;
step five, traversing the outer wall of the protection plate by adopting a magnetic column; determining and marking all positions to be punched;
step six, dismantling all the positioning support structures; punching holes on the protection plate according to the marks; fixedly mounting a protection plate on a protection plate mounting support through a screw;
step seven, repeating the step two to the step six for 7 times; and (5) installing the rest 7 protection plates on the outer wall of the node cabin to finish installation.
In the non-contact positioning installation method for the protection plate of the spherical cabin, in the first step, the protection plate is of an arc-shaped structure.
In the above non-contact positioning installation method for the protective plate of the spherical cabin, in the second step, after radial positioning, the distance between the protective plate and the outer wall of the node cabin is 945 mm.
In the third step, the mounting support of the protection plate is of a cubic structure which is vertically arranged in the axial direction; the size is 16mm multiplied by 18mm multiplied by 940 mm; the n protective plate mounting supports are not uniformly distributed; the distance between every two adjacent protective plate mounting supports is 200-600 mm; n is a positive integer, and n is more than or equal to 140 and less than or equal to 150.
In the above installation method for non-contact positioning of protection plates of a spherical cabin, in the fourth step, the positioning support structure includes a ball head, a contact section and a connection section; wherein, the connecting section is a column section structure which is vertically arranged in the axial direction; the contact section is a column section structure which is vertically arranged in the axial direction; the contact section is coaxially arranged at the top end of the connecting section; the ball head is arranged at the center of the top of the contact section; when the protective plate is installed, the connecting section extends into the top of the protective plate installation support; the lower surface of the contact section is in contact with the upper surface of the protection plate mounting support; the top end of the bulb contacts with the inner wall of the protection plate.
In the non-contact positioning installation method for the protective plates of the spherical cabin, the diameter of the connecting section is 4 mm; the axial length is 6 mm; the diameter of the contact section is 12 mm; the axial length is 2 mm; the ball head, the contact section and the connecting section are all made of 45# steel materials.
In the non-contact positioning installation method for the protection plate of the spherical cabin, the spherical radius of the ball head is SR 1524; is consistent with the radius of the inner wall of the protection plate.
In the fifth step of the non-contact positioning installation method for the protective plates of the spherical cabin, when the position to be punched is determined, and the magnetic column moves to the position near the positioning support structure, the magnetic column and the positioning support structure generate magnetic attraction; when the magnetic attraction is larger than 3000GS, the magnetic column is considered to be positioned right above the positioning support structure, and the position is 1 position to be punched.
In the above non-contact positioning installation method for the spherical cabin protection plate, in the fifth step, the magnetic column is in a columnar structure; the diameter is 10 mm; the axial length is 20 mm.
In the sixth step, when the protection plate is installed, a glass fiber reinforced plastic pad and a rubber pad are arranged between the protection plate and the protection plate installation support; and a glass fiber reinforced plastic pad is arranged between the lower surface of the screw and the upper surface of the protection plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) in the installation process of the protective plate of the node cabin structure, the method for precisely measuring the position point of the protective plate installation support on the spherical cabin wall of the node cabin by using the laser tracker is abandoned, the method for auxiliary machining of a plurality of position points on the protective plate by using the large five-axis machine tool is used, and the method for non-contact positioning inside and outside the cabin is selected, so that the time for precise measurement and auxiliary machining of the large five-axis machine tool is avoided, the assembly efficiency is improved by more than 2 times, the installation period of the protective plate of the node cabin is effectively shortened, the installation precision requirement can be better met, and the method for non-contact positioning inside and outside the cabin has better market competitiveness;
(2) the method that the positioning support structure and the magnetic device are matched with each other is adopted, the problem that the mounting hole cannot be drilled accurately in a shielded space is solved, and the mounting period of the protective plate of the node cabin is effectively shortened;
(3) according to the invention, the horizontal positioning tool and the vertical positioning tool are adopted, so that the precision of obtaining the accurate positioning point position is improved, and the high-precision alignment of the outline of the node cabin protection plate is realized;
(4) the invention adopts a non-contact positioning method inside and outside the cabin body, avoids the time of accurate measurement and the auxiliary processing of a large five-axis machine tool, improves the device efficiency of the spherical protection plate, and realizes the rapid acquisition of the coordinate value of the positioning point of the installation support of the protection plate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the installation of the fender of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the positions of the node bay and the fender of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the mounting of the fender mounting bracket of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a positioning support structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the installation of the fender of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
the invention solves the installation problem of the extra-cabin protection plate of the node cabin structure, solves the problem that the installation hole cannot be drilled accurately in the shielded space, can realize the quick acquisition of the coordinate value of the positioning point of the protection plate installation support, and greatly shortens the assembly period.
According to the mounting method for non-contact positioning of the protection plate, in the mounting process of the protection plate 2 outside the node cabin 1 structure cabin, the mounting of the protection plate 2 is divided into a trial-assembly stage and a formal mounting stage, and in the trial-assembly stage, the matching and punching of the mounting holes of the protection plate are completed by adopting a cabin body inside and outside non-contact positioning method, so that the use of precision measurement equipment and a large five-axis numerical control machine tool is avoided, and the assembly efficiency can be effectively improved. As shown in fig. 1, the method mainly comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting a node cabin 1 with a spherical structure; the node cabin 1 cabin wall is of a spherical structure, the diameter SR of the node cabin 1 cabin wall is 2.85m, and the node cabin wall is formed by welding 8 node cabin wall plates. The wall plate of the node cabin 1 is formed by spherical roll bending, the forming error is about +/-2 mm, the influence of the forming precision of the spherical roll bending is caused, and the position of an installation hole on a formed grid rib has larger deviation from the theoretical position. Reinforcing ribs are unevenly distributed on the outer wall of the node cabin 1; manufacturing 8 protection plates 2 according to the node cabin 1; the protection plate 2 is of an arc-shaped structure. Realize 8 blocks of protection plates 2 and splice the back for the spheroid with node cabin 1 is concentric, and 8 blocks of protection plates 2 after the concatenation cover the outer wall in node cabin 1, like figure 2. The installation position of 8 spherical protection plates 2 (the diameter of the inner side of SD is 3048mm) relative to the whole cabin is difficult to calibrate, and the protection plates of the node cabin cannot be directly installed. Therefore, the mounting hole positions of the protection plates of the node cabin cannot be directly processed according to the theoretical positions, and the finally determined scheme is that the mounting holes are not processed in the protection plates of the node cabin in a part state.
Step two, positioning the appearance of the protection plate by adopting an appearance positioning device: radially positioning 1 protection plate 2 relative to the outer wall of the node cabin 1; after radial positioning, the distance between the protection plate 2 and the outer wall of the node cabin 1 is 945 mm; leaving room for mounting the positioning support structure 4.
And step three, as a connecting structure between the node cabin 1 and the protection plates 2, installing n protection plate installation supports 3 at the tops of the reinforcing ribs in the node cabin 1 corresponding to the protection plates 2, as shown in fig. 3. The protection plate mounting support 3 is of a cubic structure which is vertically arranged in the axial direction; the size is 16mm multiplied by 18mm multiplied by 940 mm; the n protective plate mounting supports 3 are not uniformly distributed; the distance between the adjacent 2 protective plate mounting supports 3 is 200-600 mm; n is a positive integer, and n is more than or equal to 140 and less than or equal to 150. The protective plate mounting support 3 plays a role in connection and support between the cabin wall of the node cabin 1 and the protective plate 2.
Step four, because in the sheltering from the space that forms between guard plate 2 and guard plate erection support 3, can't accurately find the concrete position of connecting hole on guard plate erection support 3 from the guard plate 2 outside. Thus, a fender locating support structure 4 is designed inside the fender 2. At the axial top end of each fender mounting bracket 3, 1 positioning support structure 4 is fixedly mounted, as shown in fig. 4. The positioning support structure 4 comprises a ball 41, a contact section 42 and a connecting section 43; wherein, the connecting section 43 is a column section structure which is vertically arranged in the axial direction; the contact section 42 is a column section structure which is vertically arranged in the axial direction; the contact section 42 is coaxially arranged at the top end of the connection section 43; the ball 41 is disposed at the center of the top of the contact section 42; when the protective plate mounting support is mounted, the connecting section 43 extends into the top of the protective plate mounting support 3; the lower surface of the contact section 42 is in contact with the upper surface of the fender mounting support 3; the contact area with the apron mounting brackets 3 is increased. The top end of the ball 41 contacts the inner wall of the fender 2. The diameter of the connecting section 43 is 4 mm; the axial length is 6 mm; the contact section 42 has a diameter of 12 mm; the axial length is 2 mm; the ball 41, the contact section 42 and the connecting section 43 are all made of 45# steel materials. The spherical radius of the ball head 41 is SR 1524; the radius of the inner wall of the protection plate 2 is consistent; for supporting the inner side wall of the shielding plate 2.
Step five, traversing the outer wall of the protection plate 2 by adopting a magnetic column 5; the magnetic pole 5 is a columnar structure; the diameter is 10 mm; the axial length is 20 mm. Determining and marking all positions to be punched; when the position to be punched is determined, when the magnetic column 5 moves to the position near the positioning support structure 4, the magnetic column 5 and the positioning support structure 4 generate magnetic attraction; when the magnetic attraction is greater than 3000GS, the magnetic pole 5 is considered to be located directly above the positioning support structure 4, which is 1 position to be punched.
Step six, dismantling all the positioning support structures 4; punching holes on the protection plate 2 according to the marks; fixedly mounting the protection plate 2 on the protection plate mounting support 3 through screws; when the protection plate 2 is installed, a glass fiber reinforced plastic pad 6 and a rubber pad 7 are arranged between the protection plate 2 and the protection plate installation support 3; a glass fibre reinforced plastic pad 6 is arranged between the lower surface of the screw and the upper surface of the protection plate 2, as shown in fig. 5. The protection plate 2 and the protection plate mounting support 3 are supported by the rubber pad 7 with the buffering function and the glass fiber reinforced plastic pad 6, and the protection plate mounting support are not in direct contact, so that fixation firmness is guaranteed, and mutual damage is avoided.
Step seven, repeating the step two to the step six for 7 times; and (5) installing the rest 7 protection plates 2 on the outer wall of the node cabin 1 to finish installation.
The installation method provided by the invention is a universal method, can be applied to aerospace missions with protection requirements such as subsequent deep space exploration and manned lunar landing, and can also be applied to other capsule bodies or products with protection requirements, so that the installation method has a good application prospect.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A non-contact positioning installation method for spherical cabin protection plates is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting a node cabin (1) with a spherical structure; reinforcing ribs are unevenly distributed on the outer wall of the node cabin (1); manufacturing 8 protection plates (2) according to the node cabin (1); the spliced 8 protection plates (2) are spherical bodies concentric with the node cabin (1), and the spliced 8 protection plates (2) are sleeved on the outer wall of the node cabin (1);
step two, radially positioning the 1 protection plate (2) relative to the outer wall of the node cabin (1);
step three, installing n protective plate installation supports (3) at the tops of the reinforcing ribs in the area, corresponding to the protective plates (2), of the node cabin (1);
step four, fixedly mounting 1 positioning support structure (4) at the axial top end of each protection plate mounting support (3);
step five, traversing the outer wall of the protection plate (2) by adopting a magnetic column (5); determining and marking all positions to be punched;
step six, dismantling all the positioning support structures (4); punching holes on the protection plate (2) according to the marks; fixedly mounting the protection plate (2) on the protection plate mounting support (3) through screws;
step seven, repeating the step two to the step six for 7 times; and (3) installing the rest 7 protection plates (2) on the outer wall of the node cabin (1) to finish installation.
2. The non-contact positioning installation method for the spherical cabin protection plate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the protection plate (2) is of an arc-shaped structure.
3. The non-contact positioning installation method for the spherical cabin protection plate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, after radial positioning, the distance between the protection plate (2) and the outer wall of the node cabin (1) is 945 mm.
4. The non-contact positioning installation method for the spherical cabin protection plate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the protective plate mounting support (3) is of a cubic structure which is vertically arranged in the axial direction; the size is 16mm multiplied by 18mm multiplied by 940 mm; the n protective plate mounting supports (3) are distributed unevenly; the distance between the adjacent 2 protective plate mounting supports (3) is 200-600 mm; n is a positive integer, and n is more than or equal to 140 and less than or equal to 150.
5. The non-contact positioning installation method for the spherical cabin protection plate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fourth step, the positioning support structure (4) comprises a ball head (41), a contact section (42) and a connecting section (43); wherein the connecting section (43) is a column section structure which is vertically arranged in the axial direction; the contact section (42) is a column section structure which is vertically arranged in the axial direction; the contact section (42) is coaxially arranged at the top end of the connecting section (43); the ball head (41) is arranged at the center of the top of the contact section (42); when the protective plate mounting support is mounted, the connecting section (43) extends into the top of the protective plate mounting support (3); the lower surface of the contact section (42) is in contact with the upper surface of the protective plate mounting support (3); the top end of the bulb (41) is in contact with the inner wall of the protection plate (2).
6. The non-contact positioning installation method for the spherical cabin protection plate according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the diameter of the connecting section (43) is 4 mm; the axial length is 6 mm; the diameter of the contact section (42) is 12 mm; the axial length is 2 mm; the ball head (41), the contact section (42) and the connecting section (43) are all made of 45# steel materials.
7. The non-contact positioning installation method for the spherical cabin protection plate according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the spherical radius of the ball head (41) is SR 1524; the radius of the inner wall of the protective plate (2) is consistent.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the fifth step, when the method for determining the position to be punched is used, when the magnetic column (5) moves to the position near the positioning support structure (4), the magnetic column (5) and the positioning support structure (4) generate magnetic attraction; when the magnetic attraction is larger than 3000GS, the magnetic force column (5) is considered to be positioned right above the positioning support structure (4), and the position is 1 position to be punched.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the fifth step, the magnetic force column (5) is of a columnar structure; the diameter is 10 mm; the axial length is 20 mm.
10. The method for non-contact positioning and installation of protective panels for spherical cabins according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein: in the sixth step, when the protection plate (2) is installed, a glass fiber reinforced plastic pad (6) and a rubber pad (7) are arranged between the protection plate (2) and the protection plate installation support (3); a glass fiber reinforced plastic pad (6) is arranged between the lower surface of the screw and the upper surface of the protection plate (2).
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| CN201910860837.6A CN110625366B (en) | 2019-09-11 | 2019-09-11 | Non-contact positioning installation method for spherical cabin protection plate |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114234836A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-03-25 | 北京卫星制造厂有限公司 | Method for assembling and assembling sealing cabin structure and sealing cabin structure |
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