CN110601588B

CN110601588B - Power generation structure and energy collection device

Info

Publication number: CN110601588B
Application number: CN201910890028.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王杰; 李昕螈; 周灵琳; 其他发明人请求不公开姓名
Original assignee: Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems
Current assignee: Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems
Priority date: 2019-09-19
Filing date: 2019-09-19
Publication date: 2021-04-16
Anticipated expiration: 2039-09-19
Also published as: CN110601588A

Abstract

A power generation structure and an energy collection device, the power generation structure comprising: the electrode unit group comprises a plurality of electrode units which are arranged at intervals, and materials on opposite surfaces of adjacent electrode units are positioned in different triboelectric sequences; the pushing rod is positioned at the interval of two adjacent electrode units or close to one electrode unit; under the action of external force, the pushing rod and the electrode unit group move relatively, the moving path of the relative position is consistent with the distribution of the electrode unit group, so that the pushing rod sequentially pushes and slides through a plurality of electrode units in the electrode unit group, the electrode units pushed and slid by the pushing rod sequentially and the adjacent electrode units form a plurality of contact-separation type power generation units, and each power generation unit generates a plurality of electrical outputs with sequential phase sequence according to the sequence of contact with the pushing rod. The service life of the power generation structure is prolonged while the output performance is ensured, and the reliability is improved.

Description

Power generation structure and energy collection device

Technical Field

The disclosure belongs to the technical field of nano power generation, and relates to a power generation structure and an energy collection device.

Background

As a revolutionary technology for converting low-frequency mechanical energy into electrical energy, a friction nano-generator (TENG) has attracted great interest to researchers due to its advantages of high peak power, light weight, simple design, environmental protection, and various material selectivity. These advantages make it a promising technology for distributed energy supply, which can directly supply the energy consumption of super capacitor/battery to drive small electronic devices.

"crest ratio" is defined as the ratio of the peak current value to the equivalent current. The typical short pulse output effective current of TENG is far lower than the peak value, the defect of high output peak ratio exists, some researches solve the problem of partial electric energy loss by connecting all the friction nanometer generator units in parallel and then outputting the friction nanometer generator units in a rectifying mode, but the TENG output peak ratio of the circuit connection mode is still high and is usually between 6 and 10. According to the TENG structure based on the rotary sliding mode, which is provided in the research, the wave crest ratio is effectively reduced, but the electrode and the dielectric layer are continuously rubbed, a large amount of heat is generated, the friction material is damaged, the service life is to be prolonged, and the service life and the commercialization of the TENG of the structure are limited.

Therefore, the defects of electric quantity loss, high TENG output crest ratio and short service life of a rotating structure in parallel connection of TENG are overcome, and the technical problem that TENG is used as distributed energy supplement and needs to be solved urgently is solved.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

The present disclosure provides a power generation structure and an energy harvesting device to at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

(II) technical scheme

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a power generation structure including: the electrode unit group comprises a plurality of electrode units which are arranged at intervals, and materials on opposite surfaces of adjacent electrode units are positioned in different triboelectric sequences; the pushing rod is positioned at the interval of two adjacent electrode units or close to one electrode unit; under the action of external force, the pushing rod and the electrode unit group move relatively, the moving path of the relative position is consistent with the distribution of the electrode unit group, so that the pushing rod sequentially pushes and slides through a plurality of electrode units in the electrode unit group, a first electrode unit which is firstly contacted with the pushing rod is contacted with an adjacent second electrode unit under the action of pushing, the first electrode unit is separated from the second electrode unit after the pushing rod slides through the first electrode unit, and the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit form a friction nano generator type power generation unit to generate electrical output of a first phase in the contact-separation process; the electrode units pushed and slid by the push rod in sequence and the adjacent electrode units form a plurality of power generation units, and each power generation unit generates a plurality of electrical outputs with sequential phase sequence according to the sequence of contact with the push rod.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the power generation structure is a rotary structure, one of the electrode unit group and the push rod is used as a rotor, and the other is used as a stator, and the rotor rotates under an external force, so that the push rod and the electrode unit group move relative to each other.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the power generation structure further includes: a first support and a second support; a plurality of electrode units in the electrode unit group are distributed at the periphery of the first supporting part at intervals; the pushing rod is fixed on the second supporting piece.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, the shape of the periphery of the first support comprises one or a combination of the following shapes: triangular, rectangular, trapezoidal, polygonal above four sides, circular, elliptical, and irregular shapes.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the power generation structure is a translational structure, and under an external force, the electrode unit group and the push rod move relatively, and the relative movement is translational movement, so that the push rod and the electrode unit group move relatively.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the power generation structure further includes: the electrode unit group comprises a plurality of electrode units, and the plurality of electrode units are distributed on the surface of the planar support plate at intervals.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the number of the push rods is N, N is a positive integer, when N is greater than or equal to 2, the N push rods are arranged at intervals, and each push rod pushes and slides across the electrode units in different areas simultaneously in the process of relative position movement between the push rod and the electrode unit group;

the material of the electrode unit has elasticity, and under the pushing action of the pushing rod, the electrode unit deforms and is close to the adjacent electrode unit; after the pushing rod slides through the electrode unit, the electrode unit can restore to the original shape;

the material of the pushing rod is an insulating material.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the pushing rod and the electrode unit group rotate around their own axes while moving relative to each other.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the power generation structure is a translational structure, when the number of the pushing rods is at least 2, the motions of all the pushing rods are synchronous and consistent; when the power generation structure is a rotary structure, when the number of the pushing rods is at least 2, the motion of all the pushing rods is synchronous and consistent.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, the phase difference between the power generation units is regulated and controlled by setting the distribution condition of each electrode unit on a path of relative position movement, so as to regulate and control the equivalent current and the crest ratio of the power generation structure.

Optionally, when the power generation structure is a rotary power generation structure, the phase difference between the power generation units is adjusted and controlled by setting the radial size of the first support member, the spacing distance between the electrode units, the length and width of the electrode units, the distance between the initial position of the push rod and the tail end of the electrode unit, the number of the push rods, and the number of the electrode units between two adjacent push rods, so as to adjust and control the equivalent current and the crest ratio of the power generation structure;

optionally, when the power generation structure is a translational power generation structure, the phase difference between the power generation units is adjusted and controlled by setting the spacing distance of the electrode units, the length and the width of the electrode units, the distance between the initial position of the push rod and the tail end of the electrode unit, the number of the push rods, and the number of the electrode units between two adjacent push rods, so as to adjust and control the equivalent current and the crest ratio of the power generation structure.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the number N of the push rods satisfies the following expression:

(l-d)/(r+d)＝2πN

wherein l represents the length of the electrode unit, d represents the distance between the initial position of the pushing rod and the tail end of the electrode unit, r represents the corresponding radial dimension of the first support member, and N represents the number of the pushing rods which are uniformly distributed.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, each power generation unit is individually connected with a rectification circuit, and the rectified electrical output of each power generation unit is output in a phase-superposed manner.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an energy harvesting device comprising any one of the power generation structures mentioned in the present disclosure.

(III) advantageous effects

According to the technical scheme, the power generation structure and the energy collection device have the following beneficial effects:

(1) based on the relative movement of the pushing rod and each electrode unit in the electrode unit group, the pushing rod sequentially pushes and slides through a plurality of electrode units in the electrode unit group, the electrode unit (such as a first electrode unit) pushed by the pushing rod and an adjacent electrode unit (such as a second electrode unit) form an electrode unit pair, the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit are in contact-separation in the movement process of the pushing rod, specifically, the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit are close to and in contact under the pushing action of the pushing rod, and after the pushing rod slides through the first electrode unit, the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit are separated, so that electrical output is generated between the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit, and the purpose of converting the energy of external force into electric energy for output is realized; the push rod sequentially passes through the plurality of electrode units on a motion path, each electrode unit and the adjacent electrode unit form a power generation unit, the plurality of power generation units generate electrical outputs with different phases, and the phase difference is related to the sizes of all parts of the power generation structure;

(2) on the basis, each power generation unit is independently rectified firstly, and then the electrical outputs with different phases are integrated and output, and the phase difference of the power generation structure is controllable, so that the regulated and controlled electrical outputs with proper phase difference are connected in parallel on the basis of independent rectification of each power generation unit (for example, the phase difference is pi/4, the crest ratio can approach to 1) and output, and finally, unnecessary electric energy loss can be reduced, and the crest ratio is also reduced;

(3) the relative motion form of the push rod and each electrode unit in the electrode unit group comprises rotary motion and translational motion, the two motion modes correspond to different power generation structures, and the difference between the two motion modes is as follows: the distribution forms of the electrode unit groups are different, the corresponding paths of the relative position movement are also different, for the power generation structure is a rotary structure, each electrode unit in the electrode unit groups is distributed in a ring shape around the periphery of the first supporting part, and the paths of the relative position movement of the pushing rod and the electrode units are circular motion; for the translational power generation structure, the paths of all the electrode units in the electrode unit group which are relatively slid by the pushing rods are positioned on the same horizontal line; in the above structure, the greater the corresponding rotational speed, the higher the electrical output; the faster the translation speed, the higher the electrical output;

(4) in specific application scene, external acting force can be wind, wave form etc. and realize the collection to wind energy, ocean energy to regard this electricity generation structure as energy collecting device, reduce energy loss through the optimization circuit connected mode when, can also guarantee the long-term stability work and the output of low crest ratio of device, have longer life, can regard as large-scale distributed energy supply.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a power generation structure as a rotary structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the electrode unit group as a stator in the rotary structure shown in fig. 1, wherein a dotted frame illustrates a three-dimensional perspective view of one of the electrode units.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a modified structure of a stator according to some embodiments.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a structure in which a push rod is used as a rotor in the rotary structure shown in fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a modified structure of a rotor according to some embodiments.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a power generation structure including a plurality of electrode units uniformly distributed according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 7 and 8 are schematic diagrams comparing the power generation structure shown in fig. 6 and using different circuit connection modes for electrical output.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the power generation structure shown in fig. 6 in which the pairs of electrode units are connected in parallel and rectified by a common rectifier bridge (single rectifier bridge).

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the parallel output of the electrode unit pairs after being rectified by the respective rectifying bridge (multiple rectifying bridges) in the power generation structure shown in fig. 6.

Fig. 9 is a graph showing (a) equivalent current variation with rotation speed corresponding to the power generation structure connected by the connection of the single rectifier bridge shown in fig. 7 and the connection of the multiple rectifier bridges shown in fig. 8; (b) the peak ratio is a curve that varies with rotational speed.

Fig. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of a power generation structure of the present disclosure for reducing a peak ratio by rectifying each electrode unit pair to form a power generation unit and then integrating outputs of power generation units of different phases, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of integrating the rectified outputs of the power generation units of different phases, and (b) is an output peak value of the integrated outputs of the power generation units of different phases.

Fig. 11 is a schematic view illustrating a power generation structure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure as a translational structure.

Fig. 12 is a graph of output variation due to different electrode widths w in a power generation structure according to an example of the present disclosure.

Fig. 13 is a graph of output variation caused by different electrode lengths l in a power generation structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 14 is a graph showing output variation caused by the distance d from the initial position of different push rods to the electrode tip in the power generation structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 15 is an output variation curve caused by different numbers of push rods in the power generation structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[ notation ] to show

11-a first support;

12-an electrode unit;

120-a support layer; 121-a conductive layer;

122-a dielectric layer;

12 a-a first electrode unit; 12 b-a second electrode unit;

12 c-a third electrode unit; 12 d-a fourth electrode unit;

21-a second support; 22-a push rod;

31-a planar support plate; 32-an electrode unit;

42-a push rod;

A-X represent the number of different electrode units;

r represents a dimension of the first support member in the radial direction;

l represents the length of the electrode unit;

w represents the width of the electrode unit;

d represents the distance from the initial position of the push rod to the end of the electrode unit.

Detailed Description

Previous work has focused on optimizing the TENG contact area and structure to effectively increase the amount of transferred charge in the device. Considering the low current, high voltage characteristics inherent to TENG, it is a more suitable way for parallel TENG to provide a relatively high amount of transferred charge as an energy supply. However, unless the outputs of all TENGs in parallel are held in phase, the pulsed ac outputs inherent to TENG in parallel inevitably produce large power losses due to output cancellation.

Although there is a related research to design the structure skillfully to avoid the occurrence of phase difference. However, it is difficult to maintain a uniform phase of all TENG outputs when collecting biomechanical, wind or ocean energy. How to enable the TENG to output efficiently without causing unnecessary power loss is an urgent technical problem to be solved.

The peak ratio of the constant current is 1, the peak ratio of the traditional electromagnetic induction generator is about 1.4, the effective current of the typical short pulse output of the TENG under the existing circuit connection mode is far lower than the peak value, and the rectified TENG output is usually between 6 and 10. This typically high peak ratio of TENG affects its performance in driving small electronic devices directly and charging batteries/supercapacitors. The conventional research method is mainly to reduce the peak ratio by increasing the operating frequency. However, since the operating frequency of the bio-mechanical energy and the ocean energy is generally lower than 5Hz, it is not practical to directly collect the high frequency mechanical energy in the environment. In addition, the working life of the TENG structure based on the rotary sliding mode is to be improved, the electrode and the dielectric layer are continuously rubbed, a large amount of heat is generated, the friction material is damaged, and the working life and the commercialization of the TENG structure are limited.

The present disclosure provides a power generation structure and an energy collection device having high reliability, long service life, low energy loss, and low peak ratio, which can be used as large-scale distributed energy supply and have good application prospects.

The present disclosure provides a power generation structure, including: the electrode unit group comprises a plurality of electrode units which are arranged at intervals, and materials on opposite surfaces of adjacent electrode units are positioned in different triboelectric sequences; the pushing rod is positioned at the interval of two adjacent electrode units or close to one electrode unit; under the action of external force, the pushing rod and the electrode unit group move relatively, the moving path of the relative position is consistent with the distribution of the electrode unit group, so that the pushing rod sequentially pushes and slides through a plurality of electrode units in the electrode unit group, a first electrode unit which is firstly contacted with the pushing rod is contacted with an adjacent second electrode unit under the action of pushing, the first electrode unit is separated from the second electrode unit after the pushing rod slides through the first electrode unit, and the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit form a friction nano generator type power generation unit to generate electrical output of a first phase in the contact-separation process; the electrode units pushed and slid by the push rod in sequence and the adjacent electrode units form a plurality of power generation units, and each power generation unit generates a plurality of electrical outputs with sequential phase sequence according to the sequence of contact with the push rod.

In one embodiment, the electrical connection of the power generation structure is optimized, each power generation unit is individually connected with a rectification circuit, and the rectified electrical output of each power generation unit is output in a phase superposition manner. Compared with the circuit connection mode of firstly independently rectifying and then parallelly integrating and outputting, the circuit connection mode has the advantages that the electric quantity loss is further reduced, and the wave crest ratio is further reduced simultaneously compared with the mode that parallel integration among different phases of TENG is carried out and then output is carried out through a rectifier bridge.

The form of the relative movement of the push rod and each electrode unit in the electrode unit group comprises: the two motion modes correspond to different power generation structures and are different from each other in that: the electrode unit groups are distributed in different forms, and the corresponding paths of the relative position movement are different, for example, in the first embodiment, the power generation structure is a rotary structure, for example, in the second embodiment, the power generation structure is a translational structure, for the power generation structure is a rotary structure, each electrode unit in the electrode unit groups is distributed in a ring shape around the periphery of the first support part, and the paths of the relative position movement of the push rod and the electrode units are circular motion; for the translational power generation structure, the paths of all the electrode units in the electrode unit group which are relatively slid by the pushing rods are positioned on the same horizontal line; in the above structure, the greater the corresponding rotational speed, the higher the electrical output; the faster the translation speed, the higher the electrical output; the specific structural arrangement is detailed in the embodiment.

In the disclosure, the phase difference between the power generation units is regulated and controlled by setting the distribution of the electrode units on the path of relative position movement.

Specifically, when the power generation structure is a rotary power generation structure, the phase difference between the power generation units is regulated and controlled by setting the radial size of the first supporting piece, the spacing distance of the electrode units, the length and the width of the electrode units, the distance between the initial position of the push rod and the tail end of the electrode unit, the number of the push rods and the number of the electrode units between two adjacent push rods, so that the regulation and control of the equivalent current and the crest ratio of the power generation structure are realized.

When the power generation structure is a translational power generation structure, the phase difference between the power generation units is regulated and controlled by setting the spacing distance of the electrode units, the length and the width of the electrode units, the distance between the initial position of the push rod and the tail end of the electrode unit, the number of the push rods and the number of the electrode units between two adjacent push rods, so that the equivalent current and the crest ratio of the power generation structure are regulated and controlled.

In the disclosure, the number of the pushing rods is N, N is a positive integer, when N is greater than or equal to 2, the N pushing rods are arranged at intervals, and each pushing rod pushes and slides across the electrode units in different areas simultaneously in the process of relative position movement between the pushing rod and the electrode unit group.

For the purpose of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings of the specification, the first embodiment relates to a structure in which the various views are identical to those of fig. 1.

First embodiment

In a first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a power generation structure is provided that is a rotary structure.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a power generation structure as a rotary structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the electrode unit group as a stator in the rotary structure shown in fig. 1, wherein a dotted frame illustrates a three-dimensional perspective view of one of the electrode units. Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a structure in which a push rod is used as a rotor in the rotary structure shown in fig. 1.

Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 4, the power generation structure of the present disclosure includes: an electrode unit group, which comprises a plurality of electrode units 12 arranged at intervals, wherein materials on opposite surfaces of the adjacent electrode units 12 are positioned in different triboelectric sequences; a push rod 22 is located at a space between two adjacent electrode units 12 or next to one electrode unit 12.

In this embodiment, the power generation structure further includes: the electrode unit comprises a first supporting part 11, wherein a plurality of electrode units 12 in an electrode unit group are distributed at intervals on the periphery of the first supporting part 11; a second support member 21, and the push rod 22 is fixed to the second support member 21.

Referring to fig. 2, a plurality of electrode units 12 in the electrode unit group are distributed at intervals on the periphery of the first support member 11, and referring to fig. 4 and fig. 1, the push rod 22 is fixed on the second support member 21. In fig. 4, a hollow circle is used to illustrate a rotation center on the second support member 21, the corresponding second support member 21 may be a ring structure or a solid structure, the circle of the rotation center is only used as an illustration of a geometric center corresponding to the rotation motion, and does not represent a specific structure, and the meaning is the same in fig. 5 described later, and is not repeated. In fig. 1, the solid dots drawn on the first support 11 represent the rotation centers corresponding to the paths of relative positional movement, and here, in conjunction with fig. 1 and 4, the rotation centers corresponding to the hollow circles and the rotation centers corresponding to the solid dots are coaxial, and the relative rotational movement of the rotor and the stator generates the paths of relative positional movement as indicated by the dotted circles in fig. 1, which are circles.

In this embodiment, the surfaces of the electrode units 12 that are in contact with and separated from each other are referred to as surfaces of the electrode units, the surfaces of the electrode units 12 in the present disclosure are perpendicular to the periphery of the first support 11, for example, the push rod 22 is parallel to the axial direction (the z-axis direction illustrated in fig. 1) of the first support 11, the surfaces of the electrode units 12 are along the z-axis direction, in other embodiments, the direction of the push rod 22 can be changed independently or the direction of the surfaces of the electrode units can be changed independently or simultaneously, for example, the plane of the surfaces of the electrode units has an angle (between 0 ° and 90 °) with the z-axis direction, such as an angle of 60 ° (referring to fig. 1), that the surfaces of the electrode units may not be vertical but may be inclined after rotating by a certain angle around the vertical direction (the z-axis in fig. 1), the surface direction of each electrode unit can be adjusted, preferably, the direction between two adjacent electrode units forming the power generation unit is kept consistent, and the direction of the pushing rod is unchanged; for another example, the direction of the electrode unit surface is not changed, and the direction of the push rod 22 is changed, for example, there is an included angle (between 0 to 90 °) between the push rod 22 and the axial direction of the first support 11, and as seen in fig. 1, the push rod along the z-axis direction can be turned to the left or right along the radial direction by an angle to become an inclined direction, or can be turned to the inclined direction along the circumferential direction by an angle to the front or back, or can be turned in both directions. As long as it is possible to realize the relative position movement between the electrode unit group and the pushing rod, and the distribution of the contact-separation process of at least one group of adjacent electrode unit pairs in the process that the pushing rod sequentially pushes and slides over the plurality of electrode units is within the protection scope of the present disclosure. The above-described extensions are merely provided as various examples of specific embodiments and are not exhaustive.

In this disclosure, the electrode unit group and the first support member serve as a stator (or a rotor), the push rod and the second support member serve as a rotor (or a stator), and the rotor rotates under the action of external force, so that the push rod and the electrode unit group move relative to each other.

The rotational movement of the rotor may be as follows:

the first supporting part can rotate under the action of external force to drive the electrode unit group to rotate, or the electrode unit group can rotate under the action of external force to enable the push rod and the electrode unit group to move relatively; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,

the second supporting piece can rotate under the action of external force to drive the pushing rod to rotate, or one pushing rod can rotate under the action of external force to drive the second supporting piece and other pushing rods to rotate, so that the pushing rod and the electrode unit group move at relative positions.

In the present embodiment, the electrode unit group is used as a stator, the push rod is used as an example of a rotor, the rotation direction of the push rod is shown by an arrow in fig. 1, and as can be seen from fig. 1, 2 and 4, in the power generation structure of the present embodiment, two push rods 22 are illustrated, the number of the push rods 22 may be any positive integer, and the number may be selected according to actual needs. For convenience of description, one of the two pushing rods 22 is 22a, the other is 22b, and the multiple pushing rods and one pushing rod have the same power generation principle but different phases. The following description is made on the principle of any one of the push rods, under the action of an external force, the push rod 22a and the electrode unit group move relatively, the path of the relative position movement is consistent with the distribution of the electrode unit group, so that the push rod 22a sequentially pushes and slides through a plurality of electrode units 12 in the electrode unit group, a first electrode unit 12a which is firstly contacted with the push rod 22a contacts with an adjacent second electrode unit 12b under the pushing action, after the push rod 22a slides through the first electrode unit 12a, the first electrode unit 12a is separated from the second electrode unit 12b, the first electrode unit 12a and the second electrode unit 12b form a friction nano-generator type power generation unit, and an electrical output of a first phase is generated in the contact-separation process; similarly, during the subsequent rotation of the pushing rod 22a, for example, after sliding over the first electrode unit 12a, the third electrode unit 12c continues to be pushed, the third electrode unit 12c contacts with the adjacent fourth electrode unit 12d, and after the pushing rod 22a slides over the third electrode unit 12c, the electrode units on the subsequent path continue to be pushed, which is not repeated here. In other embodiments, after the push rod slides over the first electrode unit 12a, the next pushed electrode unit is, for example, the second electrode unit 12b, and the second electrode unit 12b and the adjacent third electrode unit 12c are subjected to a contact-separation process, similarly, the electrode unit to be pushed subsequently may be an electrode unit after spacing a plurality of electrode units, and specifically, which electrode to be pushed subsequently depends on the path of the relative position movement and the parameter setting conditions such as the size and the spacing of the electrode units, and the parameters of the power generation structure may be regulated according to the effect required to be achieved in actual conditions. In this way, the electrode unit and the adjacent electrode unit which are sequentially pushed and slid by the push rod 22a constitute a plurality of power generation units, and each power generation unit generates a plurality of electrical outputs having a sequential phase order in the order of contact with the push rod.

Similarly, in the case of a plurality of (N, N being a positive integer) push rods, the movement of the N push rods is synchronized and coincident, and, for example, like the two push rods illustrated in fig. 1, one push rod 22a generates power while the other push rod 22b generates power by rotation according to the same principle. N pushing rods are arranged at intervals, different pushing rods push and slide electrode units in different areas simultaneously in the rotating process, and the influence of the number of the pushing rods on the electrical output is changed at the same rotating speed as will be described later.

The meaning of "the pushing rod 22 sequentially pushes and slides over the plurality of electrode units 12 in the electrode unit group" is: the number of the pushing rods pushing and sliding over the electrode units on the path of the relative position movement may be all the electrode units, for example, the positions of the pushing rods corresponding to the length direction of the electrode units are: less than the length of all the electrode units, and the motion track "circumference" of the pushing rod can cover all the electrode units, as shown by the motion track corresponding to the small dotted circle illustrated in fig. 3 (d); the number of the electrode units pushed and slid by the pushing rod on the path of the relative position movement may also be a partial number of the electrode units, for example, the motion track of the pushing rod only covers a partial electrode unit, and the number of the electrode units pushed and slid by the pushing rod on the path of the relative position movement is a partial electrode unit, as shown by the motion track corresponding to the large dotted circle drawn in fig. 3 (d).

The structure of the electrode unit will be described below with reference to the portion highlighted by the dashed line box in fig. 2. As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, each electrode unit 12 includes: the conductive layer 121 and the dielectric layer 122 are respectively disposed on two opposite surfaces of the support layer 120. In one example, the material of the dielectric layer 122 is perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), polytetrafluoroethylene, or the like for negatively charging with friction; the material of the conductive layer 121 is, for example, a metal material, and the support layer 120 is, for example, polyimide (Kapton), polyvinyl chloride (pvc), or other materials with different young's moduli.

Of course, the support layer 120 is not essential in the construction of the electrode unit 12, and in other embodiments, the support layer between the conductive and dielectric layers may be omitted.

In this embodiment, the material on the opposing faces of adjacent electrode units 12 are in different triboelectric series. The materials of the individual electrode elements may be the same or different, provided that the materials on the opposing faces of adjacent electrode elements 12 are ensured to be in different triboelectric series to produce charge transfer during subsequent contact-separation.

the material of the pushing rod is an insulating material and comprises a high-molecular insulating material.

Referring to fig. 2 and (a) - (c) in fig. 3, the plurality of electrode units 12 in the electrode unit group are distributed at intervals on the periphery of the first support 11, forming a "ring" distribution. The periphery of the first support 11 is illustrated as being circular in fig. 2, and it should be noted that, in the present disclosure, the shape of the periphery of the first support 11 includes but is not limited to one of the following shapes: a triangle, a rectangle, a trapezoid, a polygon with four or more sides, a circle, an ellipse, an irregular figure, etc., for example, the peripheral shape of the first support member illustrated in (a) - (c) in fig. 3 is: the first support pieces with different peripheral shapes are distributed in a ring shape to form the overall shape formed after the electrode units are distributed, and the path of relative position movement of the push rod and the electrode unit group is a circle. Of course, the distribution of each electrode unit may be uniform or non-uniform, where uniform mainly means that the central angle of each adjacent electrode unit relative to the distribution center (for example, the center of a circle in fig. 2) is uniform, the phase calculation of the electrical output corresponding to non-uniform distribution is complicated, but the power generation process and principle are the same as those of the uniformly arranged electrode units. In addition, in fig. 2, the periphery of each electrode unit is aligned, that is, the periphery of the electrode unit group is regular circle as an example, in other embodiments, for example, as shown in fig. 3 (d), the length of each electrode unit may not be regular after being set, and the corresponding power generation principle is the same in this case, except that the electrode units on the path of the relative position movement are not all electrode units, but only some electrode units. The first support member may be a ring-shaped structure (with a hollow center) or a disc-shaped structure (with a solid center), without limitation.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a modified structure of a rotor according to some embodiments. In fig. 5, the center of rotation on the second support 21 is illustrated as a hollow circle, and does not represent a specific structure.

Referring to fig. 4 and 5 (a) - (c), the second supporting member 21 may be a ring-shaped structure (the center is empty) or a disk-shaped structure (the center is solid), and the corresponding shape may be a circle, a triangle, a rectangle, a trapezoid, a polygon with four or more sides, an ellipse, an irregular figure, etc., and the shape and size of the second supporting member as a carrier of the pushing rod may be set according to actual needs, without limitation. As a rotor, the distribution of the different push bars on the second support (spacing between the push bars, distance from the center of rotation) determines the path of movement between the multiple push bars.

In the disclosure, the phase difference between the power generation units is regulated and controlled by setting the distribution condition of each electrode unit on a path of relative position movement, so that the regulation and control of the equivalent current and the crest ratio of the power generation structure are realized.

In this embodiment, the power generation structure is a rotary power generation structure, as shown in fig. 1, the phase difference between the power generation units is adjusted and controlled by setting the radial dimension r of the first support member, the spacing distance of the electrode units, the length l and the width w of the electrode units, the distance d between the initial position of the push rod and the end of the electrode unit, the number N of the push rods, and the number of the electrode units between two adjacent push rods, so as to adjust and control the equivalent current and the crest ratio of the power generation structure.

Of course, for other shapes of the first support, the dimension r of the first support along the radial direction means: the radial distance from the center of rotation of the first support member (when the first support member is used as a stator, the center of rotation is coaxial with the center of rotation of the rotor, and when the first support member is used as a rotor, the center of rotation is the actual center of rotation, as described in detail above) to the periphery of the first support member. The spacing distance of the electrode elements can be characterized using a circumferential distance in a rotary power generation configuration.

In one example, the power generation structure comprising at least two pushing rods, and the structure that the next pushing rod just contacts two electrode units in one power generation unit when the previous pushing rod just leaves the two electrode units in the power generation unit during the rotation process is designed to be the optimal value for the effective area in the device design. The number N of the pushing rods at this time satisfies the following expression:

(l-d)/(r+d)＝2π/N

In summary, in the embodiment, based on the relative movement between the push rod and each electrode unit in the electrode unit group, the push rod sequentially pushes and slides through a plurality of electrode units in the electrode unit group, an electrode unit (for example, a first electrode unit) pushed by the push rod and an adjacent electrode unit (for example, a second electrode unit) form an electrode unit pair, and the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit are in contact-separation during the movement of the push rod, so that an electrical output is generated between the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit, and the energy generated by the external force is converted into an electrical energy output; the push rod sequentially passes through the plurality of electrode units on a motion path, each electrode unit and the adjacent electrode unit form a power generation unit, the plurality of power generation units generate electrical output with different phases, and the phase difference is related to the sizes of all parts of the power generation structure.

Second embodiment

In a second exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a power generation structure is provided, and the power generation structure of this embodiment optimizes a circuit connection manner based on the structure of the first embodiment, thereby achieving a low peak ratio and reducing power loss.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a power generation structure including a plurality of electrode units uniformly distributed according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 7 and 8 are schematic diagrams comparing the power generation structure shown in fig. 6 and using different circuit connection modes for electrical output. Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the power generation structure shown in fig. 6 in which the pairs of electrode units are connected in parallel and rectified by a common rectifier bridge (single rectifier bridge). Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the parallel output of the electrode unit pairs after being rectified by the respective rectifying bridge (multiple rectifying bridges) in the power generation structure shown in fig. 6.

Referring to fig. 6, in the embodiment, the electrode unit groups uniformly distributed on the first support member are illustrated, in this example, the electrode unit groups have 24 electrode units distributed at intervals, and for convenience of description, the electrode units are sequentially and respectively corresponded by capital letters a-X. In one example, two of the adjacent electrode elements are each a power generation element, e.g., A-B is a power generation element, C-D is a power generation element, E-F is a power generation element, … …, and so on, and finally W-X is a power generation element for a total of 12 power generation elements.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, two circuit connection modes are respectively adopted for the power generation structure to perform electrical output, and the performance of the power generation structure is tested by comparison, wherein one circuit connection mode is as follows: firstly, all the power generation units are connected in parallel, and then rectification output is carried out, which is called a single rectifier bridge mode, as shown in fig. 7; the other circuit connection mode is as follows: each power generation unit is rectified independently and then is output in parallel, and the method is called a multi-rectifier bridge mode and is shown in fig. 8.

Fig. 9 is a graph showing (a) equivalent current variation with rotation speed corresponding to the power generation structure connected by the connection of the single rectifier bridge shown in fig. 7 and the connection of the multiple rectifier bridges shown in fig. 8; (b) the peak ratio is a curve that varies with rotational speed. In this embodiment, each power generation unit is independently rectified by full-wave rectification.

As can be seen from the comparison between the two manners, as shown in fig. 9 (a), the equivalent current corresponding to the multi-bridge manner is higher than that corresponding to the single-bridge manner at each rotation speed, and as the rotation speed increases, the magnitude of the increase of the equivalent current of the multi-bridge manner is larger than that of the single-bridge manner. Referring to fig. 9 (b), the peak ratio corresponding to the multiple rectifier bridge mode is smaller than that corresponding to the single rectifier bridge mode at each rotation speed, the maximum peak ratio corresponding to the multiple rectifier bridge mode shown in fig. 9 (b) is only 3, which is far lower than that of the conventional one, i.e., 6 to 10, and the peak ratio corresponding to the multiple rectifier bridge mode approaches to 1 as the rotation speed increases. Therefore, each power generation unit is independently rectified firstly, and then the electrical outputs with different phases are integrated and then output, because the phase difference of the power generation structure is controllable, the regulated and controlled electrical outputs with proper phase difference are connected in parallel on the basis of the independent rectification of each power generation unit (for example, when the waveform is triangular wave and the phase difference is pi/4, the crest ratio can approach to 1) for output, and finally unnecessary electric energy loss can be reduced, and meanwhile, the crest ratio is reduced, so that the crest ratio is further reduced and the energy utilization rate is improved on the basis of prolonging the service life of the power generation structure and improving the reliability.

The principle of reducing the peak ratio of the electrical connection mode of the power generation structure is described with reference to (a) and (b) in fig. 10, wherein (a) in fig. 10 illustrates output waveforms of 4 power generation units with different phases, each output waveform is a triangular wave and corresponds to reference

numerals

1, 2, 3 and 4, and if pulse signals generated by TENG are directly superposed with different phases without rectification, unnecessary power loss is generated because positive and negative signals are mutually cancelled. Even if the device output is tightly controlled to maintain the same phase, the typical TENG high peak ratio output may hinder its development as a distributed energy source. In this embodiment, the pulse signal generated by TENG is rectified and then superimposed, and the waveform corresponding to the reference numeral 1 may extend forward along the time axis, and for simple illustration, only a half-cycle waveform is required as an illustration. Because the rectification is carried out independently, the electric energy loss during unnecessary parallel TENG is avoided. Then, a suitable phase difference superposition is selected according to the peak ratio of TENG, for example, in this embodiment, the phases of the power generation units numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4 sequentially differ by pi/4, so that the peak can be continuously smoothed, and the value of the lowest point can be raised, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the peak ratio, the output peak value of the power generation units with different phases after superposition (parallel integration) is a smooth straight line, the peak is smoothed, as shown in fig. 10 (b), thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the peak ratio. Of course, the triangular waveform is merely an example, and the principle of reducing the peak ratio is also applicable to other types of waveforms.

In this embodiment, in the multiple bridge mode, by varying the dimension of the first support in the radial direction: 1cm-10m, the number of electrode units: 2 to 500, length of electrode unit: 1cm-10m, width: 1cm-10m, vertical distance from initial position of push rod to end of electrode unit: 0.1cm-10m, and the number of pushing rods: 1 to 360, and realizes the regulation and control of the equivalent current and the crest ratio of the power generation structure. The following description is given by way of specific examples.

Example 1

By adjusting the width of the electrode plate, higher equivalent current output is obtained.

Fig. 12 is a graph of output variation due to different electrode widths w in a power generation structure according to an example of the present disclosure. Here, the radius of the support ring (first support member) of the stator is 4cm, the number of electrode sheets (electrode units) is 24, the length of the electrode sheets is 10cm, the number of push rods is 4, the vertical distance from the initial position of the push rod to the end of the electrode sheet is 2cm, and the width (w) of the electrode sheet ranges from 2cm to 5 cm. As shown in fig. 12, the peak ratio obtained by the test is between 1 and 2, the equivalent current increases with the increase of the electrode width, and meanwhile, the equivalent current also gradually increases with the increase of the rotating speed.

Example 2

By adjusting the length of the electrode plate, higher equivalent current output is obtained.

Fig. 13 is a graph of output variation caused by different electrode lengths l in a power generation structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The radius of the support ring of the stator is 4cm, the number of the electrode plates is 24, the width of the electrode plates is 5cm, the number of the pushing rods is 4, the vertical distance from the initial position of the pushing rod to the tail end of the electrode is 2cm, and the length (l) of the electrode plates ranges from 5cm to 15 cm. As shown in fig. 13, the peak ratio obtained by the test is between 1 and 2, and the equivalent current gradually increases along with the increase of the rotating speed; however, as the electrode width increases, the equivalent current increases and then decreases. Preferably, the electrode sheet has a length of 10 cm.

Example 3

By adjusting the vertical distance between the tail end of the electrode plate and the pushing rod, higher equivalent current output is obtained.

Fig. 14 is a graph showing output variation caused by different distances d from the pushing rod to the electrode tip in the power generation structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The radius of the support ring of the stator is 4cm, the number of the electrode plates is 24, the length of the electrode plates is 10cm, the width of the electrode plates is 5cm, the number of the pushing rods is 4, and the vertical distance (d) from the pushing rods to the tail end of the electrode ranges from 1cm to 4 cm. As shown in fig. 14, the equivalent current obtained by the test increases with the vertical distance, and then decreases after increasing. Preferably, the electrode sheet has a length of 2 cm.

Example 4

By adjusting the number of the pushing rods, higher equivalent current output is obtained.

Fig. 15 is an output variation curve caused by different numbers of push rods in the power generation structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The radius of the support ring of the stator is 4cm, the number of the electrode plates is 24, the length of the electrode plates is 10cm, the width of the electrode plates is 5cm, the vertical distance from the initial position of the push rod to the tail end of the electrode is 2cm, and the number (N) of the push rods ranges from 1 to 24. As shown in fig. 15, the peak ratio obtained by the test is between 1 and 2, and the equivalent current increases and then decreases as the number of push rods increases. Preferably, the number of push rods is 12.

Of course, the power generation structure is exemplified as a rotary structure in this embodiment, and the above circuit connection manner is applicable to any power generation structure of the present disclosure, for example, the translational power generation structure to be described in the third embodiment.

Third embodiment

In a third exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a power generation structure is provided that is a translational motion structure. Compared with the first embodiment, the present embodiment has different forms of relative movement between the push rod and each electrode unit in the electrode unit group, the first embodiment is a rotational movement, the present embodiment is a translational movement, and the power generation structure is different from the power generation structure of the first embodiment in that: the distribution forms of the electrode unit groups are different, the corresponding paths of the relative position movement are also different, for the power generation structure is a rotary structure, each electrode unit in the electrode unit groups is distributed in a ring shape around the periphery of the first supporting part, and the paths of the relative position movement of the pushing rod and the electrode units are circular motion; for the translational power generation structure, the paths of the electrode units in the electrode unit group which are relatively slid by the pushing rods are positioned on the same horizontal line.

Referring to fig. 11, the power generation structure of the present embodiment includes: an electrode unit group, which comprises a plurality of electrode units 32 arranged at intervals, wherein materials on opposite surfaces of adjacent electrode units 32 are positioned in different triboelectric sequences; a push rod 42 is positioned at a space between two adjacent electrode units 32 or adjacent to one electrode unit 32.

The power generation structure of the present embodiment further includes: the electrode unit group comprises a planar support plate 31, and a plurality of electrode units 32 in the electrode unit group are distributed on the surface of the planar support plate 31 at intervals.

Under the action of an external force, one of the planar support plate 31 and the push rod 42 makes a translational motion relative to the other, so that the push rod 42 and the electrode unit group move relatively.

For example, referring to fig. 11, a plurality of push rods, such as 4 push rods illustrated in fig. 11, are included, the movement of all the push rods is synchronous and consistent, and all the push rods are simultaneously moved to the left or right relative to the position of each electrode unit 32, so as to push the closest electrode unit to perform a contact-separation process with the adjacent electrode units, and simultaneously 4 groups of power generation units perform electrical output.

On the premise of having a plurality of (two or more) pushing rods 42, the pushing rods 42 are arranged at intervals, and in the process that the pushing rods and the electrode unit group move relatively, each pushing rod pushes and slides across the electrode units in different areas simultaneously. The number of electrode units spaced between the respective push rods can be set adaptively.

It should be noted that the circuit connection method proposed in the second embodiment is applicable to the translational structure of this embodiment.

Fourth embodiment

In a fourth exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a power generation structure is provided, in this embodiment, the power generation structure optimizes the movement form of the push rod on the basis of the first or third embodiment: the pushing rod can roll (rotate) relative to the electrode unit group except for rotating or translating relative to the electrode unit group, namely the pushing rod can rotate along the axis of the pushing rod as a whole relative to the electrode unit group, and when the pushing rod pushes and slides through each electrode unit in the electrode unit group, rolling friction is generated between the pushing rod and the electrode unit, so that friction resistance is reduced compared with a sliding friction mode, and the service life of the power generation structure is further prolonged.

Fifth embodiment

In a fifth exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided an energy harvesting device including any one of the power generation structures mentioned in the present disclosure.

In specific application scene, external acting force can be wind, wave form etc. and realize the collection to wind energy, ocean energy to regard this electricity generation structure as energy collecting device, reduce energy loss through the optimization circuit connected mode when, can also guarantee the long-term stability work and the output of low crest ratio of device, have longer life, can regard as large-scale distributed energy supply.

The energy harvesting device may be a wind energy harvesting device, a wave energy harvesting device, and a mechanical energy harvesting device, or a combination thereof.

In conclusion, the present disclosure provides a power generation structure and an energy collection device with high reliability, long service life, low energy consumption and low peak ratio, which have the advantages of low work output peak ratio, capability of matching different external environments, and the like, and can realize the collection of wind energy and ocean energy by combining with the existing wind energy and water energy collection station. The method can realize long-term stable work and low crest ratio output of the TENG under the condition of not losing unnecessary electric energy, provides a new strategy for large-scale distributed energy supply of the TENG, and has good application prospect.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment, the paths of the rotational motion and the translational motion are exemplified by circular or linear paths, and in practical cases, the "path of the relative position movement" in the present disclosure may be any motion curve corresponding to different external forces and motion states, for example, a regular motion curve or an irregular motion curve such as an ellipse, an asymptote, a wave, a zigzag, and the like, as long as the requirement that the push rod realizes the contact-separation process in the process of pushing and sliding through the electrode unit group is satisfied.

The use of ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," "third," etc., in the specification and claims to modify a corresponding element does not by itself connote any ordinal number of the element or any ordering of one element from another or the order of manufacture, and the use of the ordinal numbers is only used to distinguish one element having a certain name from another element having a same name. Furthermore, the word "comprising" or "comprises" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. Unless a technical obstacle or contradiction exists, the above-described various embodiments of the present invention may be freely combined to form further embodiments, which are within the scope of the present invention.

The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A power generation structure, characterized by comprising:

the electrode unit group comprises a plurality of electrode units which are arranged at intervals, and materials on opposite surfaces of adjacent electrode units are positioned in different triboelectric sequences;

the pushing rod is positioned at the interval of two adjacent electrode units or close to one electrode unit;

under the action of external force, the pushing rod and the electrode unit group move relatively, the moving path of the relative position is consistent with the distribution of the electrode unit group, so that the pushing rod sequentially pushes and slides through a plurality of electrode units in the electrode unit group, a first electrode unit which is firstly contacted with the pushing rod is contacted with an adjacent second electrode unit under the action of pushing, the first electrode unit is separated from the second electrode unit after the pushing rod slides through the first electrode unit, and the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit form a friction nano generator type power generation unit to generate electrical output of a first phase in the contact-separation process; the electrode units pushed and slipped by the pushing rod in sequence and the adjacent electrode units form a plurality of power generation units, and each power generation unit generates a plurality of electrical outputs with sequential phase sequence according to the sequence of contact with the pushing rod;

the phase difference between the power generation units is regulated and controlled by the distribution condition of each electrode unit on a path with a relative position moving, and then the equivalent current and the crest ratio of the power generation structure are regulated and controlled.

2. The power generation structure according to claim 1, wherein the power generation structure is a rotary structure, one of the electrode unit group and the pushing rod is used as a rotor, and the other is used as a stator, and the rotor performs a rotational motion under an external force, so that the pushing rod and the electrode unit group perform relative position movement.

3. The power generation structure according to claim 2, characterized by further comprising: a first support and a second support; a plurality of electrode units in the electrode unit group are distributed at the periphery of the first supporting part at intervals; the pushing rod is fixed on the second supporting piece.

4. The power generation structure according to claim 3, wherein the shape of the periphery of the first support member includes one of the following shapes: triangle, polygon with more than four sides, circle or ellipse.

5. The power generation structure according to claim 1, wherein the power generation structure is a translation structure, and under the action of an external force, the electrode unit group and the pushing rod move relatively, and the relative movement is translation movement, so that the pushing rod and the electrode unit group move relatively.

6. The power generation structure of claim 5, further comprising: the electrode unit group comprises a plurality of electrode units, and the plurality of electrode units are distributed on the surface of the planar support plate at intervals.

7. The power generation structure according to claim 1,

the number of the pushing rods is N, N is a positive integer, when N is larger than or equal to 2, the N pushing rods are arranged at intervals, the motion of all the pushing rods is synchronous and consistent, and in the process that the pushing rods and the electrode unit group move in relative positions, all the pushing rods push and slide electrode units in different areas simultaneously.

8. The power generation structure according to claim 1,

the material of the pushing rod is an insulating material.

9. The power generation structure according to claim 1, wherein the push rod is rotated about its axis while being moved in relative position to the electrode cell group.

10. The power generation structure according to claim 3,

when the power generation structure is a rotary power generation structure, the phase difference between the power generation units is regulated and controlled by setting the radial size of the first supporting piece, the spacing distance of the electrode units, the length and the width of the electrode units, the distance between the initial position of the pushing rod and the tail end of the electrode unit, the number of the pushing rods and the number of the electrode units between two adjacent pushing rods, so that the regulation and control of the equivalent current and the crest ratio of the power generation structure are realized.

11. The power generation structure according to claim 1,

12. The power generation structure according to claim 3, wherein the number of the push rods satisfies the following expression:

(l-d)/(r+d)＝2π/N

wherein l represents the length of the electrode unit, d represents the distance between the initial position of the push rod and the tail end of the electrode unit, and r represents the corresponding radial dimension of the first support; n denotes the number of evenly distributed pusher rods.

13. The power generation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein a rectifier circuit is connected to each power generation unit individually, and the electrical outputs of each power generation unit after rectification are output in phase superposition.

14. An energy harvesting device comprising the power generation structure of any one of claims 1-13.