CN110570308B - Block chain-based electronic warehouse receipt transaction system with incentive mechanism - Google Patents
Block chain-based electronic warehouse receipt transaction system with incentive mechanism Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A block chain-based electronic warehouse receipt transaction system with an incentive mechanism comprises a hardware system and a software system, wherein the hardware system comprises a CA authentication server which is unique in the whole network, one or more independent warehouse subnets, a cargo owner handheld device and one or more internet block chain accounting nodes; the software system comprises an application layer, an interface layer and a block chain protocol layer. The invention provides a credible information storage and transaction platform by utilizing the non-modifiable characteristic of the block chain and aiming at the characteristic of the storage system, and virtual coins are used as a reward form to be distributed to the storage nodes with high activity, so that the activity of each storage node can be effectively sequenced and the working enthusiasm of the storage nodes is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electronic warehouse receipt trading system, in particular to an electronic warehouse receipt trading system with an incentive mechanism and based on a block chain, and belongs to the technical field of warehouse receipt trading information.
Background
In logistics storage and transaction, the receipt refers to a unique legal property right certificate issued by a warehousing party to a depositor or a goods owner and recording warehoused goods. Treaty law, clause 387, specifies: a "manifest" is a proof of the extraction of the stored goods. The depositor or the holder of the slip can transfer the right to pick up the store by endorsing the slip and signing or stamping it by the custodian. "thus, the receipt not only needs to represent the credibility of the stored material and the storage process, but also has the function of recording the transaction and flow process of the stored material, and the receipt has the characteristics of high security level, such as effectiveness, credibility, non-tampering and the like. The bill is information expression with credible warehouse goods as core, and the back of the warehouse goods is the weight and transfer relation determined in the form of the bill. A large amount of monitoring information and storage information of articles in modern warehousing provide credibility for warehousing articles, but when the traditional storage technology is adopted, as the information is theoretically modifiable, the responsibility of each party such as management and property right cannot be cleared, and finally the warehouse bill is not credible.
As is known, the profit margin of a logistics chain depends on the circulation speed of goods in the whole logistics chain to a certain extent, and in the existing warehouse logistics management, there is no evaluation mechanism for the activity of each warehousing node in the logistics chain of the same system, and the contribution degree of each warehousing node to the whole logistics chain cannot be clearly determined, which is also a difficult point in the existing warehouse logistics management.
The blockchain technology is a distributed ledger technology appearing in recent years, and has the characteristics of decentralization, openness and transparency, no alteration, no forgery and the like, and each distributed ledger records the function of a data blockchange process in a blockchain. The characteristics of the block chain determine the characteristics of high safety and reliability, difficulty in counterfeiting, incapability of tampering stored information, traceability and the like, so that if the related information taking the warehouse as a core can be stored in the block chain, the credibility of the block chain is greatly enhanced, a credible and complete monitored goods information chain is established, the establishment of a trust relationship among supply chain participants is facilitated, and the reliability endorsement is carried out on the warehouse bill. Meanwhile, the virtual coins generated in the block chain can be used as commission fees, discount rolls and the like for transactions on the chain, and for the warehousing nodes with high activity, the virtual coins can improve participation enthusiasm and can be issued as a reward form.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the method is characterized in that the characteristics of a block chain are utilized to provide a credible information storage and transaction platform aiming at the characteristics of a warehousing system, the information related to various goods in a warehouse represented by a warehouse slip, the information of monitored goods and the transaction information of the warehouse slip are stored as a credible information chain, a bottom data platform support is provided for establishing a trust relationship among all parties in a supply chain and credible transfer of the warehouse slip, virtual coins are used as a reward form to be distributed to warehousing nodes with high liveness, and the liveness of the warehousing nodes can be effectively sequenced and the working enthusiasm of the warehousing nodes is improved.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the block chain-based electronic manifest transaction system with the incentive mechanism comprises a hardware system and a software system, wherein the hardware system comprises a CA authentication server which is unique in the whole network, one or more independent warehousing subnets, a goods owner handheld device and one or more Internet block chain accounting nodes; when the storage subnetworks adopt private network networking, each storage subnet is provided with a public network interface interconnected with the Internet; the software system comprises an application layer, an interface layer and a block chain protocol layer, wherein the application layer comprises a warehouse slip platform system, a warehouse slip transaction system and a warehouse management system, the interface layer comprises an information storage and transaction interface and a CA-based entity authentication interface, and the block chain protocol layer comprises a block chain address, a wallet, a custom warehouse slip transaction rule, custom warehouse slip storage information, a P2P network infrastructure, a custom consensus algorithm and a Berkeley DB chain area; furthermore, the block chain accounting node of the warehousing subnet and the warehousing database are positioned on the same host to form a warehousing server/block chain accounting node; further, the internet of things equipment comprises handheld warehousing equipment, RFID and a camera, each piece of internet of things equipment is connected with the warehousing server/block chain accounting node through a network, the warehousing server/block chain accounting node is used as a center to form a relatively independent star-shaped warehousing sub-network system, and the warehousing server/block chain accounting node is interconnected with the internet; further, the custom consensus algorithm adopts a 3-layer architecture including: the system comprises an Internet of things equipment layer, a chain operation layer and a management layer, wherein the Internet of things equipment layer is used for voting through each storage server/block chain accounting node; the chain operation layer is used for accounting; the management layer comprises a CA server and an internet block chain bookkeeping node, is responsible for issuing digital certificates of the internet of things equipment and the storage server/block chain link points, distributing and managing the storage server/block chain nodes and the internet of things equipment ID, is responsible for storing the wallet address of the equipment in the block chain, corresponds the ID of the internet of things equipment to the wallet public key of the internet of things equipment in the block chain, responds to query information corresponding to the internet of things equipment ID, and queries the corresponding wallet address according to the internet of things equipment ID; the user-defined consensus algorithm is a periodic operation algorithm and is divided into a voting period, a negotiation period, a creating block period and a rights allocation period, wherein each voting period, negotiation period, creating block period and rights allocation period creates a block, and the rights allocation period is overlapped with the last created block in time sequence.
The invention has the positive and beneficial technical effects that: the block chain technology is utilized to realize the credible storage and transaction of the warehousing information, a consensus mechanism algorithm aiming at the characteristics of the internet of things and a credible storage algorithm aiming at the information of the internet of things are provided, the network architecture characteristics of the modern warehousing system are combined, the credibility requirements of the supply chain system are met, and the characteristics of the non-removable property, the traceability and the like of the block chain are utilized to construct the warehouse receipt transaction system based on the block chain. The block chain-based electronic warehouse receipt transaction system provided by the invention supports various access modes such as a local area network, a mobile network and wifi under the Internet network, supports information acquisition and transmission of various hardware devices such as a handheld device, a camera and a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and supports various roles in warehouse receipt finance: the goods owner, the warehouse custody, the bank and the like are accessed for inquiry, so that the participating parties can achieve the purpose of risk control. The virtual coins distributed in the block generating process are used as the reward of the account counter, and the virtual coins are issued to the storage nodes with high activity degrees in a reward mode, so that the activity degrees of the storage nodes can be effectively sequenced, and the working enthusiasm of the storage nodes is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a network topology according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a software system framework diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a consensus algorithm architecture design according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating registration and authentication of an internet of things device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a consensus algorithm, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an overall framework diagram of the consensus algorithm according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a two-way acknowledgement mechanism according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of preventing network hard forking according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more fully explain the implementation of the present invention, the following examples are provided, which are merely illustrative of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
An electronic warehouse receipt information storage system based on a block chain comprises a hardware system and a software system, wherein the hardware system comprises a CA authentication server which is unique in the whole network, one or more independent warehouse subnets, a goods owner handheld device and one or more internet block chain accounting nodes; in this embodiment, a network topology structure as shown in fig. 1 is adopted to support the block chain-based electronic warehouse receipt transaction system provided by the present invention, and the hardware system of this embodiment includes the following main roles: the system comprises a CA authentication server 3 which is unique in the whole network, two relatively independent warehousing sub-network systems 2, a goods owner handheld device 4 and an Internet block chain accounting node 5. The goods owner handheld equipment is intelligent equipment such as a mobile phone or a tablet personal computer and the like which can be networked, and the roles are connected with each other through an Internet network 1 by taking a constructed block chain system as a supporting platform. The warehousing sub-network system comprises internet-of-things equipment such as a network-enabled camera 6, warehousing handheld equipment 7 and RFID 11. The warehousing handheld devices can be networking handheld devices such as a PDA (personal digital assistant), a warehousing code scanning handheld terminal and the like, each warehousing subnet can adopt a private network for networking, but a public network interface is connected with the Internet, each warehousing subnet comprises a unique block chain accounting node, the node and an original warehousing traditional database can be located on the same host to form a warehousing server/block chain accounting node 10, and the warehousing server/block chain accounting node is connected with the block chain accounting node in the Internet public network.
The only CA authentication server in the whole network has the following functions: firstly, a main body in the real world is associated with virtual information stored in a block chain in a CA (certificate Authority) registration mode; secondly, an equipment access mechanism can be provided, and the equipment which is accessed to the network has different identities; and the three accounting nodes can adopt double signatures, so that the safety of block chain storage information is improved. A digital authentication server (CA) authenticates and issues a Certificate through a Registration Authority (RA) entity. The function is as follows: a) the entity authentication characteristics of each Internet of things participating device and the warehouse slip transfer participating party are ensured; b) the stored data is encrypted and signed in the data storage and transaction processes, and the added host is verified by using a certificate so as to ensure the reliability, credibility and stability of a private chain; c) when data is inquired and verified, a digital certificate system is used for verifying the signature of the stored data; d) the private key generated in the blockchain is cryptographically signed with a certificate system and enables wallet data export with certificates. e) The private key of the blockchain is encrypted and stored by using a digital certificate technology, so that the risk that the wallet data is possibly lost due to the fact that the private key of a traditional blockchain system is stored in a clear text is overcome.
As shown in a software system framework diagram of fig. 2, the software system provided by the present invention includes an application layer, an interface layer, and a blockchain protocol layer, wherein the application layer includes a warehouse slip platform system and a warehouse management system, the interface layer includes an information storage interface, and the blockchain protocol layer includes custom warehouse slip storage information, P2P network infrastructure, a custom consensus algorithm, and a Berkeley DB chain area;
the block chain protocol layer forms a software system bottom layer, the software system bottom layer utilizes a core framework of a block chain, a Berkeley DB database storage technology is adopted, data are stored according to blocks, a consensus mechanism algorithm is designed, blocks are generated by a specific accounting host through timing negotiation, the blocks are linked through a hash algorithm, the stored data are generated into a Merkle tree through the hash algorithm, query is facilitated, and the following storage and warehouse receipt transaction requirements are considered in the stored data based on the characteristics of a supply chain: firstly, the circulation information requirement of the warehouse information, the correlation between the numbers and the goods information in the warehouse, namely the combination of the information assets and the transaction, the combination and the separation of the assets with different information need to be processed according to specific rules, for example, for garlic logistics, only garlic warehouse lists with the same quality can be combined, and garlic warehouse lists with different qualities cannot be combined after being separated; secondly, the storage requirements of different types of information are that the articles supporting the warehouse list are stored in the warehouse, and therefore a large amount of information for monitoring the warehouse is necessarily contained, such as information related to goods received by RFID and information collected by various sensors such as video and vibration alarms. These information formats are different and need to be considered for their different storage requirements. The information has the characteristic of only storing but not trading, and the purpose is mainly to clear the responsibility and source tracing problem source of all aspects of custody, owners, transporters and the like when the stored goods are damaged, stolen and unpredictable natural disasters occur. Thus, the information is not tamperproof and loses its effectiveness once it is proven to be modifiable. For each time of stored data, the asymmetric key technology of cryptography technology is utilized, the private key of a user is used for encrypting and storing the data, the P2P technology is utilized, all transactions and stored data of all users are simultaneously broadcast to nodes of the whole network, and other nodes verify the validity of the data according to transaction rules.
On the basis of the support of a block chain core technology and a digital certificate technology, the invention redesigns an upper-layer consensus mechanism algorithm, a transaction algorithm and a data query algorithm so as to be more suitable for transaction, storage and query of warehousing information and finally achieve the aim of effectively endorsement of logistics warehouse receipt finance; the information format of the storage unit is designed on the bottom layer so that the storage unit can adapt to the storage requirement of the storage supply chain information, and meanwhile, a transaction algorithm is designed according to the storage warehouse receipt circulation rule, so that the purpose is to ensure that different types of information can be stored in different types of transaction modes, and the legality of the storage warehouse receipt circulation is ensured on the bottom layer.
The consensus algorithm of the present embodiment is detailed as follows:
1. consensus mechanism architecture design
The consensus mechanism is a core technology point in a block chain, and a process of agreeing data, behaviors or processes by nodes participating in multiple parties through interaction among the nodes under a preset rule is called consensus. Consensus mechanisms refer to algorithms, protocols, and rules that define a consensus process. The consensus algorithm of the embodiment adopts an RPOS consensus algorithm, i.e., a consensus mechanism that consensus is performed after absolute agreement, and consensus is confirmed.
The consensus algorithm architecture design is shown in fig. 3, and the consensus algorithm adopts a 3-layer architecture design: the method comprises the steps that through an internet of things device layer (voting), a chain operation layer (accounting), a management layer (CA identity authentication, account book storage, no block generation, no voting participation and chain normal decision), the data storage requirement is reduced, the block generator randomness is improved, the internet of things devices participate in the voting through accounting nodes, virtual money is created for improving the enthusiasm of the devices of the internet of things to participate in the voting, when the voting nodes obtain the right of creating the blocks, the accounting nodes obtain 100 virtual money, and the virtual money is distributed to the internet of things devices participating in the voting of the accounting nodes.
The following definitions are first made:
device ID: the accounting node and the Internet of things equipment have a unique ID of the whole network, are unsigned integers of 4 bytes, and are uniformly distributed and managed by a management layer;
credit degree of the accounting node: the reliability of the accounting nodes is represented, the credit value of the nodes is increased by 1 in each accounting period, and when the credit value reaches the maximum value, the credit value is not increased;
host node view: the accounting main node broadcasts all information in the whole network, including accounting main node ID, credit degree and voting information, after a negotiation period is finished, each accounting node broadcasts all information of the node;
a full master node view: all host node views constitute a full host node view.
The roles of the layers are described as follows:
and (3) a management layer:
1) the system comprises a CA server, a data center and a data center, wherein the CA server is responsible for issuing digital certificates of Internet of things equipment and a billing main node;
2) allocating and managing accounting main nodes and Internet of things equipment IDs;
3) the wallet address (the public key in the blockchain) of the device in the blockchain is stored, and the ID corresponds to the wallet public key of the internet of things device in the blockchain;
4) responding to the information corresponding to the inquiry ID, and inquiring a corresponding wallet address according to the equipment ID;
and (4) accounting main node:
1) according to a consensus algorithm, creating a block when accounting right is obtained, and distributing virtual coins to the Internet of things equipment according to voting, wherein the algorithm for distributing the virtual coins is to inquire communication of a management layer through equipment ID, obtain a wallet public key of the Internet of things equipment and then trade the wallet public key to the corresponding Internet of things equipment;
2) verifying the validity of the generated block according to a consensus algorithm;
3) forwarding the broadcast information;
4) broadcasting voting information of the Internet of things equipment;
5) broadcasting a full host node view to the associated Internet of things equipment;
6) each accounting main node has a credit degree, each consensus period, and if the accounting main nodes are normally online, the credit degree is increased by one;
7) each warehouse entry maintains at least one link-layer accounting node.
2. The Internet of things equipment:
1) the Internet of things equipment is various Internet of things equipment added into the warehouse receipt system, such as a monitoring camera, an RFID reader-writer, NVR, handheld equipment and the like;
2) each device first registers a wallet at the management layer of the blockchain system;
3) each device registers its block chain address in the management layer, and the management layer assigns device ID;
4) the voting node acquires a full node view participating in voting and votes according to the full node view;
5) and in each generation block period, voting accounting is carried out through the corresponding link layer accounting node, and the corresponding virtual coin is obtained.
The internet of things device registration authentication process is shown in fig. 4.
The method comprises the steps that the Internet of things equipment firstly applies for a wallet address to a block chain system, then the Internet of things equipment registers to management layer equipment, and the registration comprises information such as the wallet address (wallet public key) of an equipment manufacturer, the wallet address of the Internet of things equipment, the serial number of the Internet of things equipment and the like; after receiving the registration information, the management device assigns a device ID (4 bytes, unsigned integer) to the internet of things device and stores the assigned ID, the wallet address of the device and the wallet address of the device in a device database record.
3. The process of adding the accounting main node, namely the warehousing server/block chain accounting node into the block chain system is as follows:
the accounting master node joining blockchain algorithm is described as follows:
1) applying for a digital certificate to a management layer host;
2) applying for distributing a device ID to a management layer host;
3) when the credit degree of the accounting main node added into the main node for the first time is less than 4, no right exists, and only the broadcast of the whole network view can be received and cached;
4) every time an accounting period passes, the credit degree is increased by 1;
5) and when the credit degree reaches 5, the credit degree of the accounting main node is not increased any more, and an optimal view is selected from 5 full main node views received in 5 periods in a caching mode to serve as a caching view and participate in the consensus accounting algorithm.
The optimal view algorithm of the most complete nodes is as follows: in each accounting period, the creating block node negotiated in the previous accounting period broadcasts a full node view, the accounting main node broadcasts evaluation on the creating block node negotiated in the previous accounting period, and in 5 rounds, the full node view broadcasted by the creating block node with the optimal evaluation is the optimal full node view.
4. Establishing consensus mechanism algorithm description
The consensus algorithm is a periodically running algorithm, and the overall framework is divided into a voting period, a negotiation period, a creation block period and a rights allocation period as shown in fig. 5. The flow of each cycle in the consensus algorithm is shown in fig. 6.
1) Voting period
The main functions are as follows: internet of things equipment voting accounting node.
Firstly, the accounting main node broadcasts the ID of each node in the view of the whole main node in the last creation block period to the associated Internet of things equipment, the Internet of things equipment randomly votes to select one accounting main node ID according to the node whole network accounting node ID, and the information is transmitted to the associated accounting main node;
2) negotiation period
The main functions are as follows: in the negotiation period, all the accounting main nodes broadcast accounting node information in the whole network, and enable the nodes to obtain consistent information, each accounting main node firstly compares the view of the whole network obtained by the node with the view of the whole main node broadcast by the accounting main node of the last creation block, if the views are not consistent, the credit degree of the accounting main node of the last creation block is evaluated to be 0, otherwise, the credit degree of the node is evaluated to be 1.
Each billing master node needs to broadcast the following:
(1) voting information of each internet of things device: ID corresponding to the Internet of things and voting accounting node ID thereof;
(2) a billing master node view;
(3) and obtaining the ID and the credit degree of the accounting main node of the created block in the previous round of the accounting main node evaluation.
The key message in the period of the round is a message broadcasting algorithm, and in order to prevent broadcast storm and consider the resource consumption of the accounting main node, the message broadcasting adopts two schemes:
(1) when the size is small, the message can be cryptographically signed using a certificate obtained from the CA
(2) When the size is large, all messages are broadcast directly.
3) Creating block periods
The period is divided into two parts, wherein one part is that according to the whole network view, all accounting main nodes negotiate out consistent accounting main nodes for creating blocks according to an election algorithm; and secondly, the accounting main node for obtaining the right of creating the block creates the block and broadcasts the block, and other main nodes verify the validity of the block.
The negotiation creation block master node algorithm is as follows:
(1) participating in creating block accounting node conditions:
the credit degree of the accounting main node is greater than 5, the number of votes of the obtained internet-of-things equipment is greater than a certain threshold value, for example, 80% of the total internet-of-things equipment, and the threshold value can be selected according to actual conditions;
(2) randomly selecting one created block accounting main node from accounting main nodes which are conditionally involved in created block election according to a uniform random selection algorithm;
(3) the accounting main node which obtains the accounting right creates a block, adds own signature information at the head of the block, obtains temporary earnings of 100 virtual coins in the wallet of the block, and broadcasts the block to the whole network after creating the block;
other accounting master node algorithms are as follows:
(1) when a block is received and created, firstly, whether a negotiation result node exists is verified according to block header information, and if not, the block is discarded;
(2) verifying the encrypted signature message, and if the verification is unsuccessful, setting the credibility of the node to-1000 (a great negative value, aiming to prevent the node from creating a block);
(3) each accounting node sets the credit degree of the block creation node to be 4 in the whole network view of the node, so as to prevent the node from continuously creating blocks;
(4) if the block is not created by the block creating node in the period, all other nodes set the credibility of the node to be 0, and the negotiation is restarted.
4) Equity allocation period
A billing master node that obtains the right to create blocks needs to broadcast the following: and the previous accounting node view aims to enable other accounting main nodes to verify the credit degree of the creation main node, and the accounting main node on line for the first time is synchronous with the whole network view according to the view of the creation block main node.
(1) Creating a block accounting node, sending a query message to a management host, sending a vote to the ID of the management host, responding by the management host, and returning a wallet address of the equipment of the Internet of things;
(2) creating a block accounting node creates a transaction: and trading the rights and interests of the virtual coins obtained by the creating block to the Internet of things equipment, and storing the virtual coins into the wallet of the Internet of things equipment.
5. The bidirectional determination mechanism:
as shown in fig. 7, the consensus algorithm adopts a bidirectional validation mechanism, which comprises the following steps:
(1) after consulting out the main node of keeping accounts in this round, regard this to establish the block node as the high reliable node, obtain the main node of keeping accounts of establishing the block power except establishing the block, will broadcast the view of the whole node, other host computer nodes verify and establish the legitimacy of the block according to the unified negotiation algorithm;
(2) during the period of assigning rights and interests, other accounting main nodes carry out similarity comparison on the local full-node view and the full-view broadcasted by the accounting main node of the creation block right except for verifying the validity of the ID of the main node of the creation block, a similarity calculation method is designed, if the similarity is greater than a certain threshold value, the node is considered to be credible, and then, each node broadcasts the ID of the creation block node and the credibility thereof during the negotiation period;
(3) after each node receives the broadcast information, the ID of the created block nodes admitted by all nodes in the whole network is counted and the reliability is evaluated, so that most admitted created block nodes are confirmed to be legal created block nodes, and the last block is confirmed to be a credible legal block.
In the two-way confirmation mechanism, the recognition algorithm recognizes that the height of the valid block of a transaction is 2, i.e. the transaction can be confirmed to be a valid block after two blocks are created.
6. And (3) carrying out security analysis on the consensus mechanism algorithm:
in a network, messages may be lost, damaged, delayed, sent repeatedly, and the order of acceptance does not coincide with the order of transmission. Furthermore, the behavior of the accounting node may be arbitrary: the system can join and quit the network at any time, can discard messages, forge messages, stop working and the like, and can also generate various artificial or non-artificial faults. The nodes cannot be completely synchronous considering the delay of the network, and the period is set to consider the redundancy of the network delay.
The consensus mechanism algorithm can effectively solve the following problems:
the data consistency is ensured;
prevent creating block nodes from being counterfeited;
the method can prevent the bifurcation of joint counterfeiting of a small part of nodes or the hard bifurcation of a small part of nodes due to network reasons;
poor nodes of the network are prevented.
(1) Compared with a PBFT consensus mechanism, the consensus algorithm can effectively ensure data consistency, and because the PBFT (practical Byzantine failure Tolerance) adopts a complex state mechanism, a long time is needed to ensure that all nodes reach a consistent view, the consensus algorithm is not suitable for large-scale node consensus, and the time needed for reaching the consensus is greatly increased along with the increase of the scale of the nodes, so that the consensus does not meet the efficiency requirement. The consensus with other nodes is obviously much longer than that of the current Bitcoin network, so that the method is also a theoretical consensus which cannot be put into practical use at present.
The invention adopts a two-way confirmation mechanism of the consensus algorithm, so that the accounting nodes in the whole network can obtain a consistent view in the whole network more quickly: for the initial node, the credit degree is small, no accounting authority exists, only the view broadcasted by the creation block node can be obtained, and in the process, the credibility of the whole network view can be confirmed through the obtained broadcast information confirmed by other accounting nodes to the creation block accounting node, so that when the credit degree reaches the authority of participating in negotiation, the view broadcasted by the creation block node with the highest credibility can be selected as the initial whole network view, and finally, the consistent whole network accounting node view is obtained when the initial accounting node has the authority of participating in the whole network negotiation creation block; for a common node with the accounting authority, when various network reasons are inconsistent with the view of the whole network of other nodes, consistent information can be obtained through the view of the credible creation block broadcast confirmed by other network nodes, so that the node is consistent with the view of other accounting nodes in the whole network; therefore, in each period, the whole network ensures a consistent whole network view information; and network forking can be prevented: when a small part of nodes are jointly counterfeited, bifurcation may occur; or divergence may occur due to partial nodes not being synchronized with other networks due to various network failures. At this time, through a bidirectional confirmation mechanism, the accounting node creates the block accounting node by counting the last round of period negotiation considered as legal by all the nodes, and finally, the block chain is merged into a unified block chain.
(2) Hard forking for preventing network failure
As shown in fig. 8, when a network failure occurs, the failed network elects node B as a create block node and the normal network elects node a as a create block node while creating blocks, so that a hard bifurcation of the block chain occurs. In the next period, node a obtains the number of confirmed nodes as being the created block nodes confirmed by most network negotiations as 4, and node B obtains the number of confirmed votes as 2 as being the created block nodes confirmed by few network negotiations. Therefore, the block created by B is an illegal block, and in a faulty network, node B, node C, and node D will discard the forked block created by node B, and the block chain is unified with the legal block chain created by a. Meanwhile, B, C, D accounting nodes in the fault network obtain view information consistent with the whole network through the view of the whole network broadcasted by the node A, and negotiate the creation block nodes consistent with the whole network in the subsequent consensus period.
(3) And (3) preventing nodes with poor network states and malicious nodes:
the credibility of the node which is added into the network for the first time is 0, and no election participation right exists, so that the node is prevented from stopping working and the node with poor network state is prevented; if the negotiated creating block node cannot create blocks due to various reasons in a period, each node sets the credit degree of the creating block node to be 0 and starts the next round of negotiation, so that the nodes with bad network states are forbidden from participating in the block creating right in a certain time; for those malicious nodes, if the node which can not pass signature authentication directly sets the credibility to be-1000, the high-risk node prevents the possibility of doing malicious work for a long time.
7. In practical application, the circulation information requirement of the warehouse slip information is not a pure digital exchange process, the numbers in the warehouse are associated with the goods information, namely, the transaction of information assets is combined, the combination and separation of the assets of different information need to be processed according to specific rules, for example, garlic warehouse slips with the same quality can be combined, garlic warehouse slips with different qualities cannot be combined after being separated, and as the goods of the supporting warehouse slips are stored in the warehouse, a large amount of information for monitoring the warehouse is inevitably contained, such as the related information of goods received by RFID and information collected by various sensors such as video and vibration alarms. These information formats are different and need to be considered for different storage requirements. The information has the characteristic of only storing but not trading, and the purpose is mainly to clear the responsibility and source tracing problem source of all aspects of custody, owners, transporters and the like when the stored goods are damaged, stolen and unpredictable natural disasters occur. Thus, the information is not tamperproof and loses its effectiveness once it is proven to be modifiable.
To this end, the information in the original blockchain source code that stores the pure digital "coins" is extended to represent the bills and other new classes using object-oriented techniques. The block chain source code is added with the warehouse bill ID and the character string type for storing warehouse bill information, and the following modifications are mainly made:
1）class CAmount
{
int64_ t m _ nNum// number
string m _ string Key, key value, bin list invariant information, and may also store the log
string m _ string Stationary// variable information
int64_ t m _ nRecordTime// record time, store Log, etc
int64_t m_HashValue;
……
Meanwhile, the object-oriented technology is utilized, and the operations of adding, subtracting, comparing and the like of the type are overloaded according to the trading rules of the bill, so that the method is suitable for the operation of trading the bill and generating the wallet information.
2) Modification of transaction types
In order to adapt to the requirements of different types of circulation, transaction rules are modified, monitoring information such as logs is only stored but not traded, and the electronic bill can be traded, so that different transaction types are set as follows:
enum class TRANSACTION_TYPE:uint8_t
{
TRANSACTION_NONE = 0x00,
transition _ LOG = 0x01,// the first 16 bits being 0 indicates non-tradable data
Transition _ exchangeable _ INIT = 0x10,// the first 16 bits greater than 0 being of tradable type, the second bit representing a different state of that type
COINBASE = 0 xff// pure digital currency type transaction
};
The transaction types can be generally classified into 3 types, a non-transactable type, an electronic-bill transaction type, and a pure digital-coin type transaction.
And defining transaction types in the transaction class CTRANSACTION, and realizing different transaction rules according to different transaction types during transaction.
3) Wallet generation
In the blockchain system, all information is stored in the blockchain, but when each user reads own data, the transaction related to the user and stored in the blockchain is actually calculated according to a transaction algorithm, the result is stored in the wallet, and the user reads the result which is actually calculated by the transaction in the wallet.
For the invention, when the wallet is generated, different transaction algorithms need to be designed according to transaction types, different types of information are claimed, and when a user reads wallet data, different reading methods are designed according to the type data. According to the trading algorithm of the electronic warehouse slip type data, only the transfer can be carried out and information such as the change of the transfer right can be added according to the trading characteristics of the electronic warehouse slip; and the storage of the types such as logs is not tradable and can only be read.
8. Examples testing: the system development is based on an open source software Bitcoin Core 0.14 version and C + +11 development, an operating system platform is Ubuntu 17.0 based on a Linux kernel, a compiler is gcc 7.2, and a block database adopts Berkeley DB 5.0.
The operating system of a server renting an Arry cloud is Linux serving as a CA server, the host rents two servers with operating systems of Ubuntu distributed in different areas in the Tencent cloud and the Arry cloud respectively to serve as block chain accounting nodes stored in a public network, and one local Ubuntu serves as a block chain accounting node simulating a local warehouse. The purpose is to test the data communication performance of the blockchain accounting nodes in different networks.
The consensus algorithm shown in 3.2 was used with a consensus period of 30 s.
Based on analysis, the information amount of a common electronic bill is 2Kbytes, and based on the extension information containing the bill and a certain redundancy amount, the size of an electronic bill is simulated to be 4 Kbytes.
The experimental analysis is shown in Table 1
For information storage of internet of things equipment in warehousing, considering the characteristic of block chain distributed storage, video information with large internal storage capacity is unrealistic, and the information is stored for this reason: the NVR stores the file information machine check code, and the RFID only stores the warning information of goods vibration, so that the information amount stored by the Internet of things equipment every time is relatively small, and according to measurement and calculation, the information amount stored by the Internet of things equipment every time is about 250bytes, and then a block chain information storage experiment is as shown in the following table 2:
as can be seen from table 1, the transaction flux of the blockchain to the warehouse slip is stabilized at about 13.4, as can be seen from table 2, the transaction flux of the storage internet of things information can be stabilized at about 120tps, based on the analysis of dozens of warehouses, a ten thousand square meters large warehouse system, the warehouse slip transaction generated in one day can be at most 100 bills, and the generated internet of things equipment information is averagely 2000 bills per day, and through the analysis and the test, the designed blockchain storage system can sufficiently meet the requirement that thousands of large warehouse systems are added to the blockchain system at the same time, and the requirement of actual warehousing work is met.
After the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and it is intended that all simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical spirit of the present invention shall fall within the technical scope of the present invention, and the present invention shall not be limited to the embodiments illustrated in the description.
Claims (3)
1. A blockchain-based electronic commerce system with incentive mechanism, characterized by: the block chain-based electronic warehouse receipt transaction system with the incentive mechanism comprises a hardware system and a software system, wherein the hardware system comprises a CA authentication server which is unique in the whole network, one or more independent warehouse subnets, a goods owner handheld device and one or more Internet block chain accounting nodes, the one or more independent warehouse subnets are respectively provided with an Internet of things device, each warehouse subnet adopts a private network or an Internet public network for networking, each warehouse subnet is provided with a unique block chain accounting node, one or more Internet block chain accounting nodes are deployed in the Internet public network, and the warehouse subnets, the goods owner handheld device and the one or more Internet block chain accounting nodes are mutually connected through the Internet; when the storage subnetworks adopt private network networking, each storage subnet is provided with a public network interface interconnected with the Internet; the software system comprises an application layer, an interface layer and a block chain protocol layer, wherein the application layer comprises a warehouse slip platform system, a warehouse slip transaction system and a warehouse management system, the interface layer comprises an information storage and transaction interface and a CA-based entity authentication interface, and the block chain protocol layer comprises a block chain address, a wallet, a custom warehouse slip transaction rule, custom warehouse slip storage information, a P2P network infrastructure, a custom consensus algorithm and a Berkeley DB chain area; the custom consensus algorithm adopts a 3-layer architecture comprising the following: the system comprises an Internet of things equipment layer, a chain operation layer and a management layer, wherein the Internet of things equipment layer is used for voting through each storage server; the chain operation layer is used for accounting; the management layer comprises a CA server and an Internet block chain accounting node, is responsible for issuing digital certificates of the Internet of things equipment and the warehousing server, distributing and managing the warehousing server and the Internet of things equipment ID, is responsible for storing wallet addresses of the equipment in the block chain, corresponds the ID of the Internet of things equipment to a wallet public key of the Internet of things equipment in the block chain, responds to query information corresponding to the ID of the Internet of things equipment, and queries a corresponding wallet address according to the ID of the Internet of things equipment; the user-defined consensus algorithm is a periodic operation algorithm and is divided into a voting period, a negotiation period, a creating block period and a rights and interests allocation period, wherein each voting period, negotiation period, creating block period and rights and interests allocation period create a block, and the rights and interests allocation period is overlapped with the last created block in time sequence; the consensus algorithm is a periodic operation algorithm and is divided into a voting period, a negotiation period, a block creating period and a rights and interests allocation period, and the functions of the periods are as follows:
1) voting period
The main functions are as follows: voting and accounting nodes of the Internet of things equipment;
2) negotiation period
The main functions are as follows: in the negotiation period, each accounting main node broadcasts accounting node information in a whole network, each node obtains consistent information, each accounting main node firstly compares the whole network view obtained by the node with the whole main node view broadcasted by the accounting main node of the last creation block, if the whole network view obtained by the node and the whole main node view broadcasted by the accounting main node of the last creation block are inconsistent, the credit degree of the accounting main node of the last creation block is evaluated to be 0, otherwise, the credit degree of the node is evaluated to be 1;
3) creating block periods
The period is divided into two parts, wherein one part is that according to the whole network view, all accounting main nodes negotiate out consistent accounting main nodes for creating blocks according to an election algorithm; secondly, the accounting main node creating block which obtains the creating block right is broadcasted, and other main nodes verify the validity of the block;
4) equity allocation period
A billing master node that obtains the right to create blocks needs to broadcast the following: the previous accounting node view aims to enable other accounting main nodes to verify the credit degree of the created main node, and the primary online accounting main node is synchronized with the full network view according to the view of the created block main node; the block creation accounting main node sends a query message to the management host, sends a vote to the own equipment ID, and the management host responds and returns the wallet address of the equipment of the Internet of things; create block accounting master node create transaction: and trading the rights and interests of the virtual coins obtained by the creating block to the Internet of things equipment, and storing the virtual coins into the wallet of the Internet of things equipment.
2. The blockchain-based electronic commerce system with incentive scheme of claim 1, wherein: and the block chain accounting node of the warehousing sub-network and the warehousing database are positioned on the same host to form a warehousing server.
3. The blockchain-based electronic commerce system with incentive scheme of claim 2, wherein: the internet of things equipment comprises handheld warehousing equipment, RFID and a camera, each internet of things equipment and the warehousing server are connected through a network, the warehousing server is used as a center to form a relatively independent star-shaped warehousing sub-network system, and the warehousing server is interconnected with the internet.
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