CN110533070A - A kind of mechanical breakdown intelligent diagnosing method based on migration original shape network under small sample - Google Patents

A kind of mechanical breakdown intelligent diagnosing method based on migration original shape network under small sample Download PDF

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CN110533070A
CN110533070A CN201910684544.7A CN201910684544A CN110533070A CN 110533070 A CN110533070 A CN 110533070A CN 201910684544 A CN201910684544 A CN 201910684544A CN 110533070 A CN110533070 A CN 110533070A
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陈景龙
李芙东
訾艳阳
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Abstract

The invention discloses the mechanical breakdown intelligent diagnosing methods based on migration original shape network under a kind of small sample, the present invention carries out feature extraction and running state recognition to mechanical signal using depth convolutional neural networks, the sensitive features in mechanical signal can effectively be extracted, get rid of traditionally characteristic extraction procedure to the dependence of artificial experience;By the present invention in that the principle clustered with original shape, realizes under conditions of retrievable sample number is few, obtains the validity feature of signal, get rid of conventional machines learning method to the dependence of huge data volume;The present invention crosses the principle using transfer learning, by source domain data related but with different characteristic distribution, further increases the generalization ability of network;The present invention effectively can carry out fault diagnosis to mechanical equipment under Small Sample Database, improve the accuracy rate under Small Sample Database to mechanical fault diagnosis by combining depth convolutional neural networks, original shape network and transfer learning thought.

Description

A kind of mechanical breakdown intelligent diagnosing method based on migration original shape network under small sample
Technical field
The invention belongs to mechanical fault diagnosis fields, and in particular to based on migration original shape network under a kind of small sample Mechanical breakdown intelligent diagnosing method.
Background technique
Currently, conventional mechanical devices intelligent fault diagnosis technology is still relied on from great amount of samples Learning Samples feature.So And in actual condition, the complexity of security consideration and mechanical equipment working environment for mechanical equipment is difficult to obtain The fault-signal of mechanical equipment, the fault-signal quantity got is few, and type is also few.In the fewer feelings of available number of samples Under condition, intelligent diagnostics algorithm is difficult to sufficiently learn to arrive the validity feature of data sample, and small sample problem seriously affects intelligent diagnostics Accuracy of the algorithm to the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of mechanical equipment.Therefore, it is necessary to mechanical equipment under Small Sample Size The new technology of intelligent fault diagnosis is studied with new method.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the mechanical breakdown intelligent diagnostics sides based on migration original shape network under a kind of small sample Method, it is not necessary to depend on a large amount of tape label data, overcome due to fault signal of mechanical equipment it is few caused by intelligent diagnostics algorithm without The problem of method sufficiently learns is used to train network, and enables state-estimator using only the mechanical signal for being less than total amount of data 1% Enough obtain 95% or more state classification accuracy.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention the following steps are included:
Step 1, using the mechanical signal under the various operating statuses of mechanical equipment as data acquisition system, to the machinery got Signal is standardized pretreatment;
Step 2 establishes the migration original shape network model for being used for mechanical signal state recognition, migrates original shape network model packet Three network minor structures of module and condition identifier are adapted to containing feature extractor, domain;
Step 3, the migration original shape network model combination Euclidean distance that step 2 is established and Largest Mean diversity factor Amount, is trained and updates the network parameter of feature extractor and condition identifier, to keep feature extractor and domain suitable It answers module to realize and obtains the characteristic information of each state using minute quantity tape label data, and then obtain and represented respectively in target domain space The original shape of state;
Step 4, to the migration original shape network model input data that step 2 is established, input data is less than total data Measure 1% aiming field mechanical signal and by under other different working conditions, with target numeric field data there is different characteristic to be distributed Source domain mechanical signal with operating status label, migration original shape network model output is operating status corresponding to each data Probability value;
Step 5, the migration original shape network model established to step 2 prevent from training over-fitting using Dropout method And stablize training process, to make network more rapidly more stable completion status classification work;
Step 6, will be Step 3: the migration original shape network model after step 4 and step 5 training combines, using being less than Total amount of data 1% aiming field mechanical signal training network, and enable state-estimator obtain 95% or more state classification Accuracy, the final intelligent trouble diagnosis to mechanical equipment realized under Small Sample Database.
Pretreatment is standardized using the method for zero-mean standardization, calculation formula to the mechanical signal got are as follows:
In formula, niFor the data point number of i-th of input signal, xijFor j-th of data of i-th of input signal,For The mean value of i-th of input signal, siFor the sample standard deviation of i-th of input signal, XijFor i-th after zero-mean standardization processing J-th of data in a new signal.
Feature extractor is made of four layers of convolutional layer and four layers of pond layer, and feature extractor uses first floor convolutional layer for big volume The product big step-length of core, the approach configuring parameters that the convolution kernel of each convolutional layer and step-length gradually reduce later.Specifically, each layer is set Convolution kernel size in convolutional layer is respectively 9,7,5,3, and the step sizes being arranged in each layer convolutional layer are respectively 2,2,1,1.
Condition identifier is made of two layers of full articulamentum, and the output vector of condition identifier represents input signal in aiming field The position in space, and for judging the state that input signal is in.
Distance calculation formula in target domain space are as follows:
In formula, njIndicate that the dimension of target domain space, D () indicate the output vector and a certain state of input signal The Euclidean distance of original shape, YiIndicate the output vector of i-th of input signal, YijIndicate j-th of output valve of output vector, PkTable Show the original shape of k-th of signal condition, PkjIndicate j-th of data value of the original shape of k-th of signal condition.
In step 3, the renewal process of migration original shape network model combination Euclidean distance is calculated for accelerating training process Formula are as follows:
P′k=Pk-lrp·(Pi-Pk)
In formula, P 'kIt is the original shape of updated k-th of signal condition, lrpIt is the learning rate of the step, PiIt is and P 'kEurope Formula is apart from the smallest original shape.
In step 3, migration original shape network model combination Largest Mean difference measurement is by the data-optimized original shape of source domain Renewal process, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, XsIt is the input signal from source domain, XtIt is the input signal from aiming field, φ () is feature space Mapping, ns、ntRespectively indicate the number of source domain signal Yu aiming field signal;To reduceFor update feature extractor and One of foundation of the network parameter of condition identifier enhances the excavation to aiming field data characteristics by source domain data.
In step 4, the probability value of output is the original shape vector of the output vector and each state by migration original shape network model Euclidean distance be calculated, calculation formula are as follows:
yi=[p (Xi,1),p(Xi,2),...,p(Xi,k),...,p(Xi,nk)]
In formula, p (Xi, k) and it is that i-th of input signal belongs to kth class shape probability of state, yiBelong to each shape for input signal The loss function of the set of probability of state, the part uses cross entropy loss function, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, LosscFor the penalty values of cross entropy loss function, y is the actual label information of input signal,Network is defeated Prediction label out;The total loss function of neural network is the synthesis for intersecting entropy loss and MMD measurement, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, Loss is the total loss function of neural network, and λ is the adjusting ginseng for adjusting two partial loss function specific gravity Number.
Migration original shape network model prevents from training over-fitting and stablizes the specific method of training process using Dropout method It is as follows:
It is retained the neural unit node in each layer with specified probability, remaining node is hidden, i.e., in training process The parameter of only retained neuron is updated;
In next round training, and probability will be reassigned and retain partial nerve member at random, until training terminates.
In step 6, network is trained using the aiming field mechanical signal for being less than total amount of data 1%, and enable state-estimator Enough obtain 95% or more state classification accuracy, it was demonstrated that this method can extract validity feature and be completed under condition of small sample Classification task.
Compared with prior art, the present invention carries out feature extraction and operation to mechanical signal using depth convolutional neural networks State recognition can effectively extract the sensitive features in mechanical signal, get rid of traditionally characteristic extraction procedure and pass through to artificial The dependence tested;By the present invention in that the principle clustered with original shape, is realized under conditions of retrievable sample number is few, obtain The validity feature of signal gets rid of conventional machines learning method to the dependence of huge data volume;The present invention is crossed to be learned using migration The principle of habit further increases the generalization ability of network by source domain data related but with different characteristic distribution;The present invention It, can be effectively right under Small Sample Database by combining depth convolutional neural networks, original shape network and transfer learning thought Mechanical equipment carries out fault diagnosis, improves the accuracy rate under Small Sample Database to mechanical fault diagnosis.The present invention uses Original shape migration models combination neural network adaptive learning feature ability and original shape clustering method data volume is required it is little The advantages of, input signal can be mapped into target domain space, convert operating status for the Euclidean distance of target domain space Probability value.It is aided with transfer learning thought, maximum difference in migration measurement is used for parameter and is updated, improves model by source domain data and exist Study in target numeric field data further increases the generalization ability of model.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the invention;
Fig. 2 is network structure of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the accuracy rate comparison diagram of network and other methods of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The present invention carries out feature extraction to mechanical signal using depth convolutional neural networks, is learned based on original shape network and migration Learning method enables model effectively to extract the validity feature in mechanical signal from minute quantity sample.Specifically include following step It is rapid:
Step 1: using the mechanical signal under the various operating statuses of mechanical equipment as data acquisition system, the machinery got being believed Number it is standardized pretreatment;
Step 2: establishing the migration original shape network for being used for mechanical signal state recognition, which mentions comprising feature Device, domain is taken to adapt to three network minor structures of module and state-estimator;
Step 3: the neural network model established to step 2 is instructed in conjunction with Euclidean distance and Largest Mean difference measurement Practice and update the network parameter of feature extractor and condition identifier, is realized so that feature extractor and domain be made to adapt to module The characteristic information of each state is obtained using minute quantity tape label data, and then obtains and represents the original of each state in target domain space Shape;
Step 4: the neural network model established to step 2, mode input data are the aiming field less than total amount of data 1% Mechanical signal and the band operating status label by having different characteristic distribution under other different working conditions, with target numeric field data Source domain mechanical signal, model output be each data corresponding to operating status probability value;
Step 5: the neural network model established to step 2 prevents from training over-fitting and stabilization using Dropout method Training process, to make network more rapidly more stable completion status classification work;
Step 6: the original in conjunction with designed by step 3,4,5 migrates original shape network model, uses the mesh for being less than total amount of data 1% Domain mechanical signal training network is marked, to make feature extractor and the study of domain adaptation module to the original of aiming field mechanical signal state Shape, and enable state-estimator obtain 95% or more state classification accuracy, it is final realize under Small Sample Database to machine The intelligent trouble diagnosis of tool equipment.
The present invention carries out zero-mean standardization pretreatment to a small amount of mechanical signal got;It establishes and is used for mechanical signal shape The neural network model of state identification;In conjunction with Euclidean distance and Largest Mean difference measurement, it is trained and updates feature extractor And the network parameter of condition identifier;Input data is less than the aiming field mechanical signal of total amount of data 1% and by other There is the source domain mechanical signal with operating status label of different characteristic distribution under different working condition, with source domain data;It uses Dropout method prevents trained over-fitting and stablizes training process, the final intelligence event to mechanical equipment realized under small sample Barrier diagnosis.Present invention saves the manpower and material resources for manually extracting feature, get rid of conventional mechanical devices intelligent fault diagnosis Dependence of the algorithm to a large amount of tape label samples, further improves the generalization ability of network in conjunction with transfer learning thought, in sample State classification accuracy rate with higher under the conditions of this.
Embodiment:
It is used certain include four kinds of bearing operating statuses data set one is shared normal, ball failure, inner ring failure and Four kinds of rolling bearing operating statuses of outer ring failure, every kind of operating status include 800 samples, in total include 3200 samples.It takes 20 samples therein are as training data, and for remaining 3180 samples as test data, training sample data amount only accounts for gross sample The 0.625% of notebook data amount.Taking other one includes certain data set of same four kinds of bearing operating statuses, data sample tool therein There is different feature distributions, takes part of sample as source domain data for supplemental training.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention the following steps are included:
Step 1: pretreatment being standardized to the vibration signal of the four kinds of operating statuses of rolling bearing got, uses zero Mean value standardization, calculating formula are as follows:
In formula, niFor the data point number of i-th of input signal, xijFor j-th of data of i-th of input signal,For The mean value of i-th of input signal, siFor the sample standard deviation of i-th of input signal, XijFor i-th after zero-mean standardization processing J-th of data in a new signal.
Step 2: establishing the migration original shape network model for being used for mechanical signal state recognition, which includes spy Levy extractor, domain adapts to three network minor structures of module and state-estimator.
Step 3: the neural network model established to step 2 is instructed in conjunction with Euclidean distance and Largest Mean difference measurement Practice and update the network parameter of feature extractor and condition identifier, and then obtains and represent the original of each state in target domain space Shape.
Target domain space Central Europe formula is apart from calculating formula are as follows:
In formula, njIndicate that the dimension of target domain space, D () indicate the output vector and a certain state of input signal The Euclidean distance of original shape, YiIndicate the output vector of i-th of input signal, YijIndicate j-th of output valve of output vector, PkTable Show the original shape of k-th of signal condition, PkjIndicate j-th of data value of the original shape of k-th of signal condition.Euclidean distance is used simultaneously Optimize the renewal process of original shape to accelerate training process, calculating formula are as follows:
P′k=Pk-lrp·(Pi-Pk)
In formula, P 'kIt is the original shape of updated k-th of signal condition, lrpIt is the learning rate of the step, PiIt is and P 'kEurope Formula is apart from the smallest original shape.Using Largest Mean difference measurement, by the renewal process of the data-optimized original shape of source domain, calculating formula Are as follows:
In formula, XsIt is the input signal from source domain data set, XtIt is the input signal from aiming field data set, φ () is feature space mapping, ns、ntRespectively indicate the number of source domain signal Yu aiming field signal.To reduceFor more One of foundation of the network parameter of new feature extractor and condition identifier, it is special to target numeric field data by the enhancing of source domain data The excavation of sign.
Step 4: the neural network model established to step 2, mode input data are four kinds of states totally 20 aiming field machines Tool signal and by have under other different working conditions, with target numeric field data different characteristic distribution with operating status label Source domain mechanical signal, model output are the probability value of operating status corresponding to each data.The probability value exported be by The output vector of model and the Euclidean distance calculating of the original shape vector of each state are got, calculating formula are as follows:
yi=[p (Xi,1),p(Xi,2),...,p(Xi,k),...,p(Xi,nk)]
In formula, p (Xi, k) and it is that i-th of input signal belongs to kth class shape probability of state, yiBelong to each shape for input signal The set of probability of state.The loss function of the part uses cross entropy loss function, calculating formula are as follows:
In formula, LosscFor the penalty values of cross entropy loss function, y is the actual label information of input signal,Network is defeated Prediction label out.The total loss function of neural network is the synthesis for intersecting entropy loss and MMD measurement, calculating formula are as follows:
In formula, Loss is the total loss function of neural network, and λ is the adjusting ginseng for adjusting two partial loss function specific gravity Number.
Step 5: the neural network model established to step 2 prevents from training over-fitting and stabilization using Dropout method Training process, to make network more rapidly more stable completion status classification work.
Dropout method refers in a wheel training, makes the neural unit node in each layer first to specify probability quilt Retain, remaining node is hidden, i.e., the parameter of neuron only retained is updated in training process.In next round training In, and partial nerve member will be retained at random with specified probability again, until training terminates.
Step 6: the neural network model in conjunction with designed by step 3,4,5 uses the 20 aiming field mechanical signals selected Training network to make feature extractor and the study of domain adaptation module to the original shape of aiming field mechanical signal state, and makes state Judging device obtains 99.06% state classification accuracy, realizes the intelligent trouble diagnosis to mechanical equipment under Small Sample Database.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out further in detail the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects It describes in detail bright.It should be understood that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to restrict the invention, it is all Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in guarantor of the invention Within the scope of shield.

Claims (9)

1. the mechanical breakdown intelligent diagnosing method based on migration original shape network under a kind of small sample, which is characterized in that including following Step:
Step 1, using the mechanical signal under the various operating statuses of mechanical equipment as data acquisition system, to the mechanical signal got It is standardized pretreatment;
Step 2, establishes the migration original shape network model for being used for mechanical signal state recognition, and migration original shape network model includes spy Levy extractor, domain adapts to three network minor structures of module and condition identifier;
Step 3, the migration original shape network model combination Euclidean distance that step 2 is established and Largest Mean difference measurement, into Row training and the network parameter for updating feature extractor and condition identifier, so that feature extractor and domain be made to adapt to module It realizes and obtains the characteristic information of each state using minute quantity tape label data, and then obtain and represent each state in target domain space Original shape;
Step 4, to the migration original shape network model input data that step 2 is established, input data is less than total amount of data 1% Aiming field mechanical signal and by under other different working conditions, with target numeric field data have different characteristic distribution band run The source domain mechanical signal of state tag, migration original shape network model output are the probability of operating status corresponding to each data Value;
Step 5, the migration original shape network model established to step 2 prevent from training over-fitting and steady using Dropout method Training process is determined, to make network more rapidly more stable completion status classification work;
Step 6, will be Step 3: the migration original shape network model after step 4 and step 5 training combines, using less than sum According to amount 1% aiming field mechanical signal training network, and enable state-estimator obtain 95% or more state classification it is correct Rate, the final intelligent trouble diagnosis to mechanical equipment realized under Small Sample Database.
2. the mechanical breakdown intelligent diagnosing method based on migration original shape network under a kind of small sample according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, being standardized pretreatment using the method for zero-mean standardization to the mechanical signal got.
3. the mechanical breakdown intelligent diagnosing method based on migration original shape network under a kind of small sample according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, feature extractor is made of four layers of convolutional layer and four layers of pond layer, feature extractor use first floor convolutional layer for The big step-length of big convolution kernel, the approach configuring parameters that the convolution kernel of each convolutional layer and step-length gradually reduce later.
4. the mechanical breakdown intelligent diagnosing method based on migration original shape network under a kind of small sample according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, condition identifier is made of two layers of full articulamentum, the output vector of condition identifier represents input signal in mesh The position of domain space is marked, and for judging the state that input signal is in.
5. the mechanical breakdown intelligent diagnostics side based on migration original shape network under a kind of small sample according to claim 1 or 4 Method, which is characterized in that distance calculation formula in target domain space are as follows:
In formula, njIndicate the dimension of target domain space, the output vector of D () expression input signal and a certain state original shape Euclidean distance, YiIndicate the output vector of i-th of input signal, YijIndicate j-th of output valve of output vector, PkIndicate kth The original shape of a signal condition, PkjIndicate j-th of data value of the original shape of k-th of signal condition.
6. the mechanical breakdown intelligent diagnosing method based on migration original shape network under a kind of small sample according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, the renewal process of migration original shape network model combination Euclidean distance is counted for accelerating training process in step 3 Calculate formula are as follows:
P′k=Pk-lrp·(Pi-Pk)
In formula, P 'kIt is the original shape of updated k-th of signal condition, lrpIt is the learning rate of the step, PiIt is and PkIt is European away from From the smallest original shape.
7. the mechanical breakdown intelligent diagnosing method based on migration original shape network under a kind of small sample according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, migration original shape network model combination Largest Mean difference measurement is by the data-optimized original of source domain in step 3 The renewal process of shape, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, XsIt is the input signal from source domain, XtIt is the input signal from aiming field, φ () is feature space mapping, ns、ntRespectively indicate the number of source domain signal Yu aiming field signal;To reduceTo update feature extractor and state One of foundation of the network parameter of arbiter enhances the excavation to aiming field data characteristics by source domain data.
8. the mechanical breakdown intelligent diagnosing method based on migration original shape network under a kind of small sample according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, the probability value of output is the original shape of the output vector and each state by migration original shape network model in step 4 The Euclidean distance of vector is calculated, calculation formula are as follows:
yi=[p (Xi,1),p(Xi,2),...,p(Xi,k),...,p(Xi,nk)]
In formula, p (Xi, k) and it is that i-th of input signal belongs to kth class shape probability of state, yiBelong to each state for input signal The loss function of the set of probability, the part uses cross entropy loss function, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, LosscFor the penalty values of cross entropy loss function, y is the actual label information of input signal,Network output Prediction label;The total loss function of neural network is the synthesis for intersecting entropy loss and MMD measurement, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, Loss is the total loss function of neural network, and λ is the adjustment parameter for adjusting two partial loss function specific gravity.
9. the mechanical breakdown intelligent diagnosing method based on migration original shape network under a kind of small sample according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, migration original shape network model prevents from training over-fitting and stablizes the specific of training process using Dropout method Method is as follows:
It is retained the neural unit node in each layer with specified probability, remaining node is hidden, i.e., in training process only The parameter of retained neuron is updated;
In next round training, and probability will be reassigned and retain partial nerve member at random, until training terminates.
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