CN110523990A - A kind of 3 D-printing method - Google Patents

A kind of 3 D-printing method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN110523990A
CN110523990A CN201910992980.0A CN201910992980A CN110523990A CN 110523990 A CN110523990 A CN 110523990A CN 201910992980 A CN201910992980 A CN 201910992980A CN 110523990 A CN110523990 A CN 110523990A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
script
type
raw material
region
plasma
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201910992980.0A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
梁福鹏
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nanjing Titanium Ceramic Intelligent System Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Nanjing Titanium Ceramic Intelligent System Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nanjing Titanium Ceramic Intelligent System Co Ltd filed Critical Nanjing Titanium Ceramic Intelligent System Co Ltd
Priority to CN201910992980.0A priority Critical patent/CN110523990A/en
Publication of CN110523990A publication Critical patent/CN110523990A/en
Priority to CN201911419790.6A priority patent/CN110918996B/en
Priority to CN202010004410.9A priority patent/CN111014677B/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/092879 priority patent/WO2021073108A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/092877 priority patent/WO2021073107A1/en
Priority to CN202011114075.4A priority patent/CN112024885B/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/70—Gas flow means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of 3 D-printing methods, key is: annular-heating is carried out around the region of fused raw material to accumulating for type-script using electric arc or plasma, heat is superimposed to form stable high-temperature region in annular-heating district center, and the energy for generating molten bath is not required to penetrate printing raw material can form the molten bath of controllable small area below the fused raw material accumulated；Contact site or connecting portion of the fused raw material between solid feed and the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script generate in real time.It can get many beneficial effects, such as: transitional temperature field is formed between the region of accumulation fused raw material and other non-melt regions of type-script, residual stress is small；It can get forgeability；The fused raw material volume of generation is small, form is controllable, position is controllable；The structure being previously generated on type-script is not damaged；Formed precision is high；Required control system is simple；Equipment cost and consumables cost are low, and maintenance cost is low；Printable large component.

Description

A kind of 3 D-printing method
Technical field
The present invention relates to three-dimensional printing technologies, generate fused raw material and benefit in real time using resistance heating more particularly, to a kind of Thin layer molten bath is generated with electric arc or plasma heating to realize high-intensitive and high controllability the three-dimensionally shaped method of low cost, is belonged to In increases material manufacturing technology field.
Background technique
Three-dimensional printing technology originates from the U.S. at the end of the 19th century earliest, in the U.S. and Europe until 20th century the eighties The countries such as continent improve and are gradually commercialized.Now common mainstream three-dimensional printing technology, such as stereolithography apparatus method (Stereo Lithography Apparatus, SLA), Fused Deposition Modeling (Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM), selective laser sintering (Selecting Laser Sintering, SLS), three-dimensional powder are bonded (Three Dimensional Printing and Gluing, 3DP), it is commercialized in the 80s and 90s in 20th century in the U.S..With Metal is that common are selective laser melting (Selective Laser in the metal three-dimensional printing technology for print raw material Melting, SLM), Laser Near shape (Laser Engineered Net Shaping, LENS), electron-beam melting (Electron Beam Melting, EBM), wire arc are melted and molded (Wire and Arc Additive Manufacture, WAAM), it requires to melt solid raw metal, and at the same time needing the accumulation to type-script molten The region for changing raw metal is melted, and is combined together in a manner of making between type-script and melt raw material through melting.Make Use laser or electron beam as the technology of melting capacity, equipment manufacturing costs are high, and technical threshold is also high.SLM, LENS, EBM technology Use powder as raw material, such as metal powder, 3 D-printing special-purpose metal powder cost is much higher than wire under normal conditions. SLM technology is the three-dimensionally shaped technology of metal of current most mainstream, and in addition to aforementioned problem, there is also many other problems, such as Since laser facula is small, molten bath is minimum, the temperature difference in molten bath and other solidification zones is very big, leads to residual stress greatly and cracks, In order to solve the problems, such as this, there are many relation technological researchings, such as: research paper " Reducing residual stress by selective large-area diode surface heating during laser powder bed fusion Additive manufacturing " (the periodical Additive such as author John D.Roehling Manufacturing (2019) .DOI:10.1016/j.addma.2019.05.009) bigger region is projected using powerful secondary laser, It is heated after being carried out to the region surface after main laser hot spot heating in SLM technology, reduce molding zone temperatures gradient and reduces cooling Speed, discovery can reduce residual stress.WAAM technology uses electric arc as melting capacity, and wire is as raw material, molding rate Height is particularly suitable for printing large component, is the important development direction of inexpensive metal three-dimensional printing technology, but WAAM's is existing There are many major defects for technology, seriously restrict the technology development and application of WAAM, such as: the energy sphere of action of electric arc can Control property is low, electric arc is unstable, material gasification, and wire is relied primarily on certainly by liquid metal is formed by after arc-melting Body gravity and drop on the molten bath of type-script, liquid metal drip process control it is low, the shape of liquid metal and molten bath State poor controllability, the precision for causing WAAM three-dimensionally shaped is extremely low, and material dendrite arm is coarse after molding, residual stress is big, there are hot tearings Line, and need complicated monitoring system (such as pass through camera, spectroscopy equipment multiple means at the same monitor liquid metal raw material and The state in molten bath).Existing WAAM technology, such as application number 201610908203.X, a kind of entitled " electric arc 3D printing space networks The Chinese patent application of the method for shape structural member ".For WAAM technological deficiency, there is a large amount of technical research, such as: research paper 《Compulsively constricted WAAM with arc plasma and droplets ejected from a Narrow space " (author Wenqiang Liu et al. periodical Additive Manufacturing (2019) .DOI: Pressure inhibition 10.1016/j.addma.2019.03.003) is carried out to electric arc and molten drop using ceramic nozzle, utilizes electric arc And molten drop is sprayed delivery nozzle by air-flow, carries out 3D printing, the main purpose of the research is exactly the metal for solving WAAM technology Drop and Molten Pool Shape are difficult to control problem.Use the compression arc of plasma torch injection as the technology of melting capacity, though Right cost is also low, equally exists the low problem of formed precision, and plasma arc of folding can will more when air-flow velocity is higher The region of fusing is blown off, is damaged to type-script；The energy density of plasma arc of folding is high, and (central temperature is taken the photograph up to 20,000 Family name's degree), the electrode and nozzle of plasma torch belong to easily loss part, and electrode and nozzle life are short, it is more difficult to longer to be applied to The 3 D-printing process of time；The three-dimensional printing technology using plasma arc of folding as heating source rarely has acquisition business application at present 's.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of 3 D-printing method of low cost, especially a kind of inexpensive metal is three-dimensional Method of printing.
It uses electric arc or plasma as type-script preheating energy it is another object of the present invention to provide a kind of, make The 3 D-printing method for generating fused raw material in real time on type-script with resistance heating manner will generate fused raw material and generate molten The heat energy in pond separates, and realizes and is connected between the fused raw material newly accumulated and previously molding type-script with melting, is had There are the significant properties such as high shaping strength, high controllability and high formed precision.
In order to realize above-mentioned goal of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: a kind of 3 D-printing method, it is main Process are as follows: solid feed is melted and obtains fused raw material, fused raw material is placed to shaping area used in 3D printing equipment, Type-script is accumulated and be changed into fused raw material in shaping area, newly-generated fused raw material accumulates on the basis of type-script, until The forming objects to be printed；Wherein: during accumulating fused raw material, the position that fused raw material is placed is by be beaten The shape and structure of the object of print determine；Shaping area used in the 3D printing equipment refers to that 3D printing equipment exists Used space when printing objects；
It is characterized by:
Accumulating around the region of fused raw material for type-script is directly heated using electric arc or plasma； The i.e. current accumulation region in region that area's encirclement is directly heated by electric arc or plasma of type-script；(this heating method can lead to Cross the region heating fusing of accumulating fused raw material of the heat exchange pattern by type-script, i.e., it is not molten to the accumulation of type-script The region for melting raw material directly heats, and face on the area may be implemented, and, there are in the case where raw material, heat energy is being not through original The accumulation region below raw material is heated under the premise of material, many beneficial effects can be obtained, had in a particular embodiment It is bright.There are many generating modes of fused raw material, such as: it can be after solid feed contacts with current accumulation region, current accumulation region Heat conduct to solid feed and melt solid feed；It is also possible to solid feed to be first melted, is then transferred to again Current accumulation region；It is also possible to after solid feed contacts with current accumulation region, the heat of current accumulation region is conducted to solid feed, At the same time, being looped around the plasma on current accumulation region periphery, there are localized contact, the parts of plasma with solid feed The energy warms position close to current accumulation region of solid feed, the heat that both approach are propagated heat solid-state original jointly Material, to melt solid feed；Be looped around the plasma on current accumulation region periphery with solid feed connecing there are localized contact Touching amount is adjustable, can be adjusted according to the empirical value obtained after multiple actual measurement；It is looped around the plasma on current accumulation region periphery There are localized contacts with solid feed, and the accounting of the exposure and plasma integral energy is adjustable, can be according to obtaining after multiple actual measurement The empirical value obtained is adjusted.)
Alternatively, direct to being carried out around the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script using electric arc or plasma Heating；The i.e. current accumulation region in region that area's encirclement is directly heated by electric arc or plasma of type-script；It is beaten in the three-dimensional During print, the solid feed is mobile toward the current accumulation region of type-script, and solid feed by the electric arc or does not wait Gas ions heating fusing；During the 3 D-printing, electrical connection, In are set between solid feed and type-script Between solid feed and the current accumulation region of the type-script apply electric current, by way of resistance heating by solid feed with The position or the heating of connected position that the current accumulation region of the type-script is in contact are melted (that is in the three-dimensional The position for being resistively heated fusing of solid feed is exactly newly-generated fused raw material during printing)；The solid-state is former Material is conductive material；
Described being in contact refers to that solid feed is directly in contact with the current accumulation region of the type-script before melting (there are many being in contact, such as: when just starting printing, at the time of preparing for fused raw material；For another example: with For 3D printing equipment uses XYZ triaxial movement platform, two axis controlled level of XY is mobile, and Z axis controls vertical direction movement, In During 3 D-printing, rate is moved horizontally on current printable layer when the delivery rate of solid feed is greater than solid feed When, or not to be able to satisfy sufficiently fusing solid-state former for the current strength that is applied between solid feed and the current accumulation region of type-script It, all may there is a situation where described to be in contact when expecting toward the demand of the mobile progressive amount in type-script direction)；
It is described it is connected refer to that solid feed does not occur directly to contact with the current accumulation region of the type-script before melting, The current accumulation region that solid feed passes through the fused raw material and type-script previously generated before melting is in contact, i.e., in institute State fused raw material (that is solid feed for existing between solid feed and the current accumulation region of the type-script and previously having generated Mediate contact occurs with the current accumulation region of the type-script).(there are many being connected, such as: it is set with 3 D-printing Standby using for XYZ triaxial movement platform, two axis controlled level of XY is mobile, and Z axis controls vertical direction movement, in 3 D-printing mistake Cheng Zhong, when the delivery rate of solid feed be less than solid feed on current printable layer when moving horizontally rate, or apply Current strength between solid feed and the current accumulation region of type-script is beyond the abundant solid feed that melts toward type-script direction It, all may be connected there is a situation where described in when the demand of mobile progressive amount.)
(explain: the producing method of plasma is divided into two kinds: equilibrium discharge (high-temperature plasma), non-equilibrium discharges are (low Isothermal plasma), arc discharge belongs to the first；Electric arc is a kind of self maintained gas conduction, i.e. electrical conduction in ionized gas, is carried Stream is electronics and ion, and electric arc is a kind of mode for generating plasma；Plasma arcs or plasma arc belong to compression electricity Arc forms plasma arc by compression when electric arc passes through the nozzle of plasmatorch.)
Optionally:
The type-script includes complementary knot needed for the purpose object (target object) to be printed and forming process Structure (such as support).
Optionally:
Described is straight to carrying out around the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script using electric arc or plasma Heating is connect, described directly heating refers to that the arc column area of electric arc or plasma arcs or arc root act directly on or directly contact The type-script is being accumulated around the region of fused raw material.
Optionally:
Described directly heats accumulating around the region of fused raw material for type-script using plasma, Described directly heats the accumulation fused raw material for referring to that the main part of plasma directly contacts the type-script Region around (main part of plasma: by taking plasma beam as an example: plasma beam include plasma beam 60% To the part close to plasma beam center of 99% energy).
Optionally:
Described is straight to carrying out around the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script using electric arc or plasma It connects heating, refers to that electric arc or plasma do not directly heat the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script, i.e., it is electric The main part of arc or plasma does not reach the region (master of electric arc or plasma for accumulating fused raw material of type-script Body portion: the part of 60% to 99% energy comprising its gross energy).
Optionally:
The i.e. current accumulation region in region that area's encirclement is directly heated by electric arc or plasma of the type-script, wherein institute The encirclement stated, which refers to, surrounds completely or partially surrounds.
Optionally:
The type-script is coherent or incoherent by electric arc or the direct-fired region of plasma.
Optionally:
The i.e. current accumulation region in region that area's encirclement is directly heated by electric arc or plasma of the type-script, by printing (current accumulation region is heated for the current accumulation region of heat of body conducted by electric arc or the direct-fired region of plasma Fusing or softening).
Optionally:
Described is straight to carrying out around the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script using electric arc or plasma Heating is connect, is generated around the region for accumulating fused raw material and directly heats area；During 3 D-printing, type-script by Layer accumulation molding, the position being located in front of current shape layer fused raw material accumulation direction for directly heating area are converted to the molten of future Melt raw material accumulation region, the position being located in front of current shape layer fused raw material accumulation direction for directly heating area is defined as to tire out Product area；It sets at a distance from i.e. by accumulation region and current accumulation region in currently molding layer plane as L, current accumulation region is being worked as Rate travel in preceding molding layer plane is V, and the ratio between L and V are t, i.e. L/V=t, current accumulation region is changed into non-by molten condition Time T needed for molten condition；As t < T, it can rely on what it had previously been carried when accumulation region is changed into current accumulation region Heat and be kept molten by, the area that directly heats around current accumulation region is superimposed upon to the heat that current accumulation region is conducted On current accumulation region in a molten state；By the mobile speed in currently molding layer plane for adjusting current accumulation region Rate V and adjusting electric arc or plasma adjust the temperature or molten condition of current accumulation region to the heating power of type-script.
Optionally:
There is electrical connection between the solid feed and type-script, it is same to refer to that solid feed and type-script are accessed A circuit, and solid feed and type-script are series relationship in circuit.
Optionally:
It is described to apply electric current between solid feed and the current accumulation region of the type-script, current accumulation region with it is solid It is heated by the current resistor and (is further heated current accumulation region) in the position that state raw material is in contact or is connected.
Optionally:
The type-script by electric arc or the direct-fired region of plasma, shape be annular.Annular point is a variety of Type, such as common circular ring shape, side's annular, triangular ring, polygonal annular, irregular annular.
Optionally:
Described is straight to carrying out around the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script using electric arc or plasma Connect heating, by gas flow optimized electric arc or plasma realize to type-script accumulating around the region of fused raw material into Row directly heats, and avoids directly heating the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script.
Optionally:
Described is straight to carrying out around the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script using electric arc or plasma Heating is connect, is to form annular electric arc or peripheral plasma beam by gas flow optimized electric arc or plasma, is realized to type-script Accumulating around the region of fused raw material and directly heated and formed annular and directly heat area.
Optionally:
Described is straight to carrying out around the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script using electric arc or plasma Heating is connect, is to form annular electric arc or annular plasma by swirling eddy or non-rotary gas flow optimized electric arc or plasma Body beam, realization directly heat accumulating around the region of fused raw material for type-script.Eddy airstream belongs to rotation One kind of air-flow.
Optionally:
Described is straight to carrying out around the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script using electric arc or plasma Heating is connect, is realized by magnetic field or electric field controls electric arc or plasma to the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script Surrounding is directly heated, and avoids directly heating the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script.
Optionally:
Described is straight to carrying out around the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script using electric arc or plasma Heating is connect, is the plasma arcs for the electric arc or rotation for controlling (driving) electric arc or plasma arcs generation rotation by magnetic field, Realization directly heats accumulating around the region of fused raw material for type-script, avoids the accumulation to type-script The region of fused raw material is directly heated.If (magnetic line of force in magnetic field arrives at the molten bath on type-script, in field drives electric arc Or while plasma arcs rotation, when printing alloy material, it can also be achieved and magnetic agitation is carried out to molten bath using peace times power, Tiny crystal grain, equi-axed crystal, the distribution of low melting point the second phase small and dispersed are obtained, segregation is inhibited, reduces brittle temperature range, suppression It heats crackle to generate, eliminates bubble, reduce residual stress, can get the elite clone mechanical property of beyond tradition forging technology.)
Optionally:
Described is straight to carrying out around the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script using electric arc or plasma Heating is connect, is the plasma arcs for the electric arc or rotation for controlling (driving) electric arc or plasma arcs generation rotation by magnetic field, Realization directly heats accumulating around the region of fused raw material for type-script, avoids the accumulation to type-script The region of fused raw material is directly heated；Magnetic field is static magnetic field or rotating excitation field or alternating magnetic field or turbulence field.
Optionally:
Described is straight to carrying out around the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script using electric arc or plasma Heating is connect, is the plasma arcs for the electric arc or rotation for controlling (driving) electric arc or plasma arcs generation rotation by magnetic field, Realization directly heats accumulating around the region of fused raw material for type-script, avoids the accumulation to type-script The region of fused raw material is directly heated；Electric arc or plasma arcs are by annular discharge electrode or hollow electric discharge It discharges and is formed between electrode and type-script；Solid feed passes through the space in the discharge electrode or hollow discharge electrode of annular (channel) is mobile toward type-script, solid feed during mobile toward the current accumulation region of type-script, not by electric arc or wait from Daughter heating fusing.(during solid feed is mobile toward type-script, rotating the arc or rotating plasma arc are with solid-state original Material is axis of rotation, such as when solid feed uses wire, between annular or hollow discharge electrode and type-script Wire be exactly rotating the arc or rotating plasma arc axis of rotation, wire at this time preferably with the annular or Hollow discharge electrode insulation.)
Optionally:
Described applies electric current between solid feed and the current accumulation region of the type-script, and electric current works as type-script Preceding accumulation region generates further heating, makes the temperature positioned at type-script side of current accumulation region and fused raw material contact surface into one Step increases, to ensure that current accumulation region and the type-script side of fused raw material contact surface are sufficiently melted.
Optionally:
The i.e. current accumulation region in region that area's encirclement is directly heated by electric arc or plasma of the type-script, it is current tired Product area is by the heat conducted by electric arc or the direct-fired region of plasma on type-script.
Optionally:
Described is straight to carrying out around the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script using electric arc or plasma Heating is connect, the heat that peripheral region is themselves directly heated and obtains is molten by the accumulation of conduction pattern partial conductance to type-script Melt the region of raw material.
Optionally:
It is direct to being carried out around the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script by using electric arc or plasma Heating, the heat that peripheral region is themselves directly heated and obtains are melted by the accumulation of conduction pattern partial conductance to type-script The region of raw material forms resistance high resistance area (metal between solid feed and the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script The resistivity of equal materials is increased with temperature and is increased).(maximum voltage partial pressure is obtained in high resistance area, resistance heating energy concentrates on High resistance area, improves the capacity usage ratio of resistance heating, and obtains the small fused raw material of volume, is conducive to improve molding essence Degree.)
Optionally:
In the periphery injection annular airflow for being directly heated area by electric arc or plasma of type-script, rushed using annular airflow Hit the softened zone for directly heating region near its circumference.It can get forging effect.The plastic sexual stage before material cooling and solidifying, outside Power impacts the microstructural characteristics of changeable material internal, such as alloy material internal grain thickness, compactness.
Optionally:
Whole heating is carried out to the type-script, improves the basal temperature of type-script.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
(1) present invention passes through melting capacity needed for generating fused raw material and the accumulation fused raw material by type-script Zone melting needed for heat energy separate, obtain higher controllability；And existing use linear solid feed (such as gold Belong to silk) three-dimensional printing technology, such as wire arc be melted and molded (WAAM): by wire be used as from be lost electrode, It discharges type-script, generates molten bath in the region for accumulating fused raw material on type-script surface, fusing wire generates Fused raw material and generation molten bath share the same heat energy (electric arc), when the wire line footpath used is smaller (such as line footpath The stainless steel wire of 0.6mm), the electric energy underpower that wire can carry is effectively to melt large volume of type-script (workpiece) Surface, fusing wire generate fused raw material needed for energy far below generate molten bath needed for energy, fusing wire produce The energy of raw fused raw material and the energy for generating molten bath cannot be controlled independently, and wire arc is caused to be melted and molded (WAAM) Technology is not available the wire of small line footpath, and especially when printing materials with high melting point, this problem is more prominent, for example, printing is pure Titanium metal material, using 0.6mm line footpath titanium silk, when generating the electric current in molten bath by being enough melt titanium type-script, titanium silk melts Tabetisol will generate serious sputtering/splashing (internal gasifier/evaporation of melted ends is violent), and becoming the process of 3 D-printing can not Control；And the present invention independently controls, therefore do not deposit because will generate the energy of fused raw material and generate the energy separation in molten bath In the above problem, the wire of smaller line footpath can be used, and then improve formed precision, and there is high flexibility, more Complicated and flexible 3 D-printing forming process control easy to accomplish.
(2) present invention between solid feed and type-script by applying electric current, generating resistance heating effect, in solid-state original Material generates micro melting raw material with printing body contact zone in real time, while fused raw material and the melting zone on type-script surface contact, It is also attached on unfused solid feed, the position of fused raw material can be manipulated by controlling the position of solid feed, made Position controllability and the controlled shape for obtaining fused raw material are high；In contrast, existing wire arc is melted and molded (WAAM) the molten metal raw material of technology is fallen on type-script molten bath by itself drop modes, and the controllability of fused raw material is low, Fused raw material forms free melt (form become thick and uncontrollable) after merging with molten bath, printing precision is very poor, and needs Complicated monitoring system to adjust in real time fused raw material drip process (such as: real time high-speed acquires molten drop and molten bath Image analyzes image, carrys out the dripping position of dynamic regulation molten drop and fill up not tired out correctly previously according to analysis result Product molten drop and generate the position of defect, inhibit the sputtering of wire end drop)；Therefore, the present invention may be implemented higher Formed precision, forming process controllability is higher, and required control system is simpler.
(3) present invention by between the melting zone on solid feed and type-script formed high resistance area (materials such as metal Resistivity is increased with temperature and is increased), in the series circuit that solid feed and type-script are formed, obtained in high resistance area maximum Voltage, resistance heating energy are concentrated mainly on the position between solid feed and type-script, real during 3 D-printing When the fused raw material that is formed be limited in high resistance area, the small melting zone of volume (fused raw material) can be obtained, it is generated molten Melt raw material volume it is small and limit to；The heat that the present invention generates fused raw material is produced from material therein, when solid feed or When contact between fused raw material and type-script is interrupted, heat energy moment disappears automatically (such as is being used below 10V's When resistance heating voltage, electric arc can not be formed between solid feed free end and type-script), the solid feed free end of formation Entrained fused raw material is limited and cannot get continuous heating, can not form liquid material ball in solid feed free end；Phase Than under, the prior art (is discharged using laser beam, electron beam, plasma beam, electric arc between special electrode and type-script Generate electric arc) etc. heat sources wire and type-script are heated simultaneously in the two contact site and adjacent area, fusing wire While obtaining fused raw material, synchronous to generate molten bath on type-script surface, such heating method determines the fusing of wire Mode is Zi outer in (heat energy penetrates wire outside wire), and fused raw material forms free melt after merging with molten bath (form become thick and uncontrollable), and when the contact when between solid feed or fused raw material and type-script is interrupted, If heat energy is cut off not in time, it will lead to and form the biggish liquid metal ball (liquid of volume in the free end of wire Metal large viscosity, surface tension are big, have the pockets of trend of self aggregation), cause liquid material uncontrollable, even results in three-dimensional Printing failure, it is therefore desirable to and complicated monitoring system real time monitoring (such as: the figure of real time high-speed acquisition molten drop and molten bath Picture analyzes image) and dynamic adjustment (such as: according to Analysis on monitoring data result, it is ensured that the fused raw material of wire end with melt Pond be in always connection status, dynamic regulation molten drop accumulation position and fill up and previously do not accumulated molten drop correctly And generate the position of defect)；Compared to the existing three-dimensional printing technology using metal wire feedstock, liquid material of the invention is given birth in real time At process interruption is contacted with type-script in case of raw material, there is self limiting, control needed for making the three-dimensionally shaped process of the present invention The complexity of system processed is far below the prior art, and reliability is higher, and the happening part of fused raw material is confined to high resistance area, melts The volume for melting raw material is small, and formed precision is higher.
(4) present invention by between the melting zone on solid feed and type-script formed high resistance area (materials such as metal Resistivity is increased with temperature and is increased), in the series circuit that solid feed and type-script are formed, obtained in high resistance area maximum Voltage, resistance heating energy are concentrated mainly on the position between solid feed and type-script, real during 3 D-printing When the fused raw material that is formed be limited in high resistance area, the small melting zone of volume (fused raw material) can be obtained, it is generated molten It is small and limit to melt raw material volume, the mechanical force that generates is tired in the raw material of fused raw material and type-script when conveying solid feed Product area, solid feed generate floating, squeezing action to the raw material accumulation region for the fused raw material and type-script accumulated, can obtain Configuration of surface more better than the existing three-dimensional printing technology based on plasma beam and electric arc heated source, eliminates material internal Gap and stomata, while obtaining the effect of similar forging.
(5) present invention between solid feed and type-script by applying electric current, generating resistance heating effect, in solid-state original Material generates micro melting raw material with printing body contact zone in real time, while fused raw material and the melting zone on type-script surface contact, It is also attached on unfused solid feed, the position of fused raw material, In can be manipulated by controlling the position of solid feed When printing cantilever design (with type-script localized contact occurs for newly-generated fused raw material in the horizontal direction), micro melting raw material Be attached on solid feed end without because gravity drip, the present invention may be implemented without support printing Cantilever design, or the dependence to support is reduced, keep the process for printing complex three-dimensional structure simpler.
(6) compared with the prior arts such as selective laser melting (SLM), electron-beam melting (EBM), the present invention uses metal The linear solid feed such as silk, the cost of material is low；The problem of there is no material reflected laser energies does not choose material, common conduction Property solid inorganic material (especially metal) can be used as printing raw material；Heating source uses plasma or electric arc, and heating source is set Standby cost is far below laser and vacuum electronic beam system, and electric arc or plasma heating and shaping efficiency be higher than laser And electron beam.
(7) present invention between solid feed and type-script by applying electric current, generating resistance heating effect, in solid-state original Micro melting raw material is generated between material and type-script in real time, micro melting raw material is begun to cool after accumulating rapidly on type-script, Heating container (such as miniature smelting furnace) is not needed first for the fusing of more solid feed, fill-before-fire to type-script surface, and only Thin melting zone (thin molten bath) need to be generated on type-script surface be just able to satisfy three-dimensionally shaped demand, fused raw material (especially alloy Material, such as titanium alloy, nickel base superalloy etc.) having no chance is segregated, and the material composition of type-script is uniform；And it existing adopts The three-dimensional printing technology that solid feed is melted with heating container (such as miniature smelting furnace), because when the fusing of solid feed needs Between, in order to guarantee that fused raw material can be exported steadily, and in order to meet the needs of to print speed, print speed is higher, single The fused raw material needed in the time of position is more, needs in advance to melt more solid feed, if printed material is alloy, melts The heterogeneity of fusion gold has an opportunity that uneven homogenized diffusion occurs in miniature smelting furnace, leads to the alloy liquid droplet successively sprayed It studies and point is likely that there are difference, the material property of type-script is caused to decline；Wire arc is melted and molded (WAAM) technology not Using heating container (such as miniature smelting furnace) first more solid feed is melted, but WAAM technology generated on type-script it is larger Molten bath, will lead to that material internal dendrite arm is coarse, and generate the type-script being previously generated compared with havoc, can not generate fine Structure；And above-mentioned problem is not present in the present invention: type-script is evenly distributed there is no segregation, material chemical composition, material internal Dendrite arm is not coarse, and required type-script surface molten bath is thin, does not destroy structure on type-script, and beating for fine structure may be implemented Print.
(8) present invention between solid feed and type-script by applying electric current, generating resistance heating effect, in solid-state original Micro melting raw material is generated in real time between material and type-script, by electric arc or plasma to the accumulation fused raw material on type-script The neighboring area in region carries out annular-heating and generates molten bath, melting capacity needed for fused raw material being generated with by type-script just The heat energy needed for the zone melting of accumulation fused raw material separates, it is only necessary to generate the thin molten of micron thickness on type-script surface Change layer (thin molten bath) and be just able to satisfy three-dimensionally shaped demand, thin molten bath (fusion penetration is small) can inhibit the prior art deep molten bath (such as Molten bath caused by prior art WAAM, for another example consumable electrode weldering, argon arc welding, plasma weld generated molten bath) caused by Defect (such as: dendrite arm is coarse, and Molten Pool Shape is uncontrollable).
(9) present invention carries out annular-heating to the neighboring area in the accumulation fused raw material region on type-script, compared to existing The metal three-dimensional printing technology using metal powder or wire as solid feed, the present invention may be implemented with fused raw material Accumulate position centered on 360 ° heating, can on type-script accumulation fused raw material region obtain more evenly with it is stable Heating effect, the smaller mistake of formation temperature gradient between the region of accumulation fused raw material and other non-melt regions of type-script Crossing property temperature field is conducive to reduce three-dimensionally shaped material internal stress later and reduces fire check, finally obtains higher material Performance.
(10) 360 ° of annular-heatings centered on the fused raw material accumulation position on type-script may be implemented in the present invention, make The region that fused raw material must be accumulated is always positioned at the center of thermal field, and the heat in annular-heating area is assembled to center conductive, in thermal field The molten state of the heart is more stable and reliable；No matter solid feed is in the plane on the current shape layer of 3 D-printing toward any direction Mobile, fused raw material generated is accumulated at the center of thermal field always, ensure that the height fused between fused raw material and type-script Reliability, to make stable, reliable using the forming process of three-dimensional printing technology of the invention.
(11) 360 ° of annular-heatings centered on the fused raw material accumulation position on type-script, ring may be implemented in the present invention The heat of shape heating zone is assembled to center conductive, and the heat in annular-heating area is superimposed at thermal field center, so as to realize Higher temperature is realized with low heating power density, makes heating equipment (such as the annular in generation annular-heating area of the invention Plasma nozzle or annular electro arc discharging electrode) small, the of the invention generation annular-heating of the heating power density that is subjected to The heating equipment service life in area is long, and the plasma torch nozzle and electrode of existing jet plasma Shu Suoxu and generation The electrode (such as similar to tungsten electrode used in argon arc welding) of electric arc is all easily damaged because high power density is born, it is difficult to be applied During prolonged 3 D-printing.
(12) 360 ° of annular-heatings centered on the fused raw material accumulation position on type-script, ring may be implemented in the present invention The heat of shape heating zone is assembled to center conductive, and the heat in annular-heating area is superimposed at thermal field center, so as to realize The molten bath that fused raw material accumulation position on type-script forms controllable small area (forms facet in the lower section of fused raw material Long-pending molten bath), it is small to the structural damage being previously generated on type-script；And existing use wire is raw material, plasma Body Shu Zuowei heating source uses electric arc that can not then be formed as the three-dimensional printing technology of heating source in the lower section of fused raw material The molten bath of controllable small area, it is big to the structural damage being previously generated on type-script.
(13) 360 ° of annular-heatings centered on the fused raw material accumulation position on type-script, heat may be implemented in the present invention The region clustering in accumulation fused raw material is measured, the energy of accumulation fused raw material region heating is not needed through raw material, energy Melting zone (molten bath) is formed on the type-script surface of the underface of raw material, the energy in heating accumulation fused raw material region does not interfere The generating process of fused raw material, both the generation in molten bath and the generation of fused raw material couplings are low, to make using of the invention The forming process controllability of three-dimensional printing technology is high, more reliable, and robustness is high.
(14) 360 ° of annular-heatings centered on the fused raw material accumulation position on type-script, ring may be implemented in the present invention The heat of shape heating zone is assembled to center conductive, and the heat in annular-heating area is superimposed at thermal field center, so as to realize The molten bath that fused raw material accumulation position on type-script forms controllable small area (forms facet in the lower section of fused raw material Long-pending molten bath), making the heating equipment in generation annular-heating area of the invention, (such as peripheral plasma nozzle or annular electric arc are put Electrode) heating power density that is subjected to is small, and required air-flow velocity is low, and low flow velocity air-flow melts printing body surface face Pond and the fused raw material just accumulated will not damage.
(15) 360 ° of annular-heatings centered on the fused raw material accumulation position on type-script, ring may be implemented in the present invention The heat of shape heating zone is assembled to center conductive, and the heat in annular-heating area is superimposed at thermal field center, generates fused raw material Energy and the energy separation (mutually independent) that molten bath is generated on type-script, thin layer molten bath only need to be generated on type-script, it is right Power density needed for the heating of type-script is low, can inhibit gasification (the especially alloy material of material in the molten bath on type-script Gasification of the inside compared with the ingredient of low melting point), compared to existing metal three-dimensional printing technology (for example, by using electric arc or plasma or electricity Metal three-dimensional printing technology of the beamlet as heat energy), material gasification/evaporation of the invention is less, and material internal is because of gasification The hole of generation is less.
(16) if print head of the invention and print platform are directly exposed in atmosphere, ambient atmosphere (oxygen and nitrogen etc.) (especially rotated annular airflow resist) is resisted by annular airflow, at least shape be in pairs at annular airflow center melting it is former Current accumulation region, electric arc or plasma on material and type-script directly heat the tight inert atmosphere protection area in region, generate Tight inert atmosphere protection area type-script surface formed protection air film diameter be greater than plasma heating region, can obtain Excellent Forming Quality (oxygen content is low) is obtained, band large-scale metal component can be thus printed in large-scale open platform, it is right The fields such as aerospace and military project are significant.
(17) if the present invention controls (driving) electric arc or plasma arcs by magnetic field to generate electric arc or the rotation of rotation The plasma arcs turned, realization directly heat accumulating around the region of fused raw material for type-script, avoid pair The region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script is directly heated, and electric arc or plasma arcs is driven to generate rotary motion The magnetic line of force in magnetic field arrives at the region for accumulating fused raw material on type-script, when printing raw material and type-script are electric conductivity material When material, magnetic field generates magnetic agitation to the molten bath in the region for accumulating fused raw material on type-script and acts on (principle: molten bath Inside there is electric current to flow through, electric current is the resistance heating current one of arc current or electric current by arc current and generation fused raw material It rises and constitutes, current direction is not parallel with the magnetic line of force, and magnetic field generates peace times power to material in molten bath)；Under the action of peace times power, melt It merges golden material internal to move, the growth pattern (mode) of crystal grain, generates tiny crystal grain, equiax crystal in controlled material Grain, the distribution of low melting point the second phase small and dispersed, inhibit segregation, reduce brittle temperature range, fire check is inhibited to generate, and reduce remaining Stress, and stirring action also inhibits bubble to generate and drive the bubble generated outward, obtains excellent material mechanical performance, Can beyond tradition forging；Molten bath magnetic force is stirred in the magnetic field of generation rotating the arc or rotating plasma arc of the invention and generation The magnetic field for mixing effect is the same magnetic field, and structure is simple, is realizing the week to the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script It encloses while directly heated, also obtains and magnetic agitation effect is generated to molten bath, kill two birds with one stone.Magnetic field can also stablize electric arc, Keep arc shape controllable.
(18) present invention acts on three-dimensional by applying the resistance heating that electric current generates between solid feed and type-script Fused raw material is generated in print procedure in real time, the electric current of the generation fused raw material is formed centered on the electric current (or solid feed) And toroidal magnetic field circular and perpendicular to the center, magnetic field lines generate Lip river to the moving charged particle for being not parallel to the magnetic line of force Lun Zili, magnetic field lines have an impact the motion profile of charged particle, can produce focussing force or blooming effect, example Such as: when the control circuit for generating electric arc or plasma anode connection type-script, generating the control circuit of fused raw material just When pole connects type-script, i.e. the control circuit of generation electric arc or plasma and the control circuit of generation fused raw material is with type-script For the common-anode of intermediary, annular electric arc or peripheral plasma between print head and type-script by from annular electric arc or The effect for the magnetic field lines that the electric current flowed through in the solid feed that peripheral plasma center passes through generates, electric arc or plasma The force action that electronics and anion in body are generated by air-flow motive force and Lorentz force, toward the current accumulation region on type-script It focuses, that is, surround and be gathered in around the fused raw material generated immediately, make electric arc or plasma to the heat effect of type-script Range shorter, it is small to structure (such as thin-wall construction) existing on type-script destruction, there is great benefit to printing fine structure, The focusing that similar laser (Gao Chengben) can be obtained under the premise of using low cost heat source as electric arc or plasma is imitated Fruit；Compared to existing wire arc melt-forming (WAAM) technology or based on the three-dimensional printing technology of plasma heat source, originally Invention can obtain higher formed precision.
In conclusion beneficial effects of the present invention: three-dimensionally shaped process control has high flexibility, reliability； The monitoring system of 3D printing equipment is simple, at low cost；Using 360 ° of annular-heating modes, heat is folded in annular-heating district center Add to form stable high-temperature region, the molten bath of controllable small area can be formed below the fused raw material accumulated；It is melted in accumulation The smaller transitional temperature field of formation temperature gradient, residual stress between the region of raw material and other non-melt regions of type-script It is small；The device lifetime of the generation heating source of 3D printing equipment is long；The material of the type-script of generation is uniform, is not segregated, alloy material Expect that internal dendrite arm is not coarse；It can inhibit material gasification, material internal hole is few；It can get the material of beyond tradition forging technology Energy；The fused raw material volume of generation is small, form is controllable, position is controllable；The structure being previously generated on type-script is not caused It destroys；Formed precision is high；After the connection in the molten bath on fused raw material and type-script is interrupted, the generation of fused raw material and stick The remaining molten raw material form being attached on solid feed has self limiting；The linear solid-state that small line footpath and big line footpath can be used is former Material, can obtain higher formed precision using small line footpath solid feed；It can be realized in the case where reducing using support multiple The printing of miscellaneous structure；Equipment cost and consumables cost are low, and maintenance cost is low；Can in atmospheric environment directly printing formed it is low oxygen-containing The band large-scale metal component of amount is significant to fields such as aerospace and military projects；Using three-dimensional printing technology of the invention at Type process control is high, reliable height, and robustness is high.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is schematic three dimensional views, for illustrating print head involved in first specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 is two-dimensional representation, for illustrating the principle of first specific embodiment of the invention, arrow therein Head D1 and D2 indicates that moving direction, arrow F1 indicate air flow direction；
Fig. 6 to Fig. 7 is schematic three dimensional views, for illustrating print head involved in second specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 8 to Figure 10 is two-dimensional representation, and for illustrating the principle of second specific embodiment of the invention, Fig. 9 is Fig. 8 In dotted line frame CC instruction position enlarged drawing, arrow D3 and D4 therein indicate that moving direction, arrow F2 indicate air flow direction；
Figure 11 to Figure 12 is two-dimensional representation, for illustrating the principle of third specific embodiment of the invention, Tu12Shi The enlarged drawing at the dotted line frame BB instruction position in Figure 11, arrow D5 therein indicate that moving direction, arrow F3 indicate air flow direction；
Label therein:
1- plasma generator, 2- annular electrode, 3- air flow inlet, 4- nozzle ring, 5- working gas, 6- solid feed Guide device one, 7- threadiness solid feed one, 8- type-script one, 9- plasma generator control circuit, 10- resistive heater circuit The molten bath one on one, 11- type-script surface, 12- peripheral plasma beam one, 13- fused raw material one, 14- uncured portion one, The cured part one for the layer that 15- is accumulating, 16- ring of eddy, the current accumulation region one on 17- type-script, 18- plasma Direct-fired region, the heating region of 19- plasma, the current accumulation region two on 21- type-script, 22- electric arc directly add The region of heat, the heating region of 23- electric arc, 26- arc generator array, the gas interface of 27- arc generator array, 28- The electrode of arc generator array, 29- threadiness solid feed two, 30- solid feed guide device two, 31- resistive heater circuit Two, 32- fused raw material two, the uncured part two 33-, the cured part two for the layer that 34- is accumulating, 35- type-script The molten bath two on surface, 36- type-script two, 37- arc arrays, 38- working gas two, 39- arc generator Array Control Circuit, 40- air-flow regulates and controls seat, 41- threadiness solid feed three, 42- peripheral plasma beam three, 43- fused raw material three, 44- printing body surface The molten bath three in face, 45- resistive heater circuit three, 46- type-script three, 47- non-ionic working gas, 48- annular plasma The contact area of body beam and linear solid feed.
Specific embodiment
Preferred embodiment of the invention is set forth below and the present invention will be described in detail in conjunction with attached drawing.
A kind of first specific embodiment of 3 D-printing method of the present invention as shown in Figures 1 to 5, main process Are as follows: solid feed (i.e. linear solid feed 1) fusing is obtained into fused raw material (i.e. fused raw material 1), fused raw material is put Shaping area used in 3D printing equipment is set, fused raw material is accumulated in shaping area and is changed into type-script (i.e. type-script one 8), newly-generated fused raw material is accumulated on the basis of type-script, until the forming objects to be printed；Wherein: molten in accumulation During melting raw material, the position that fused raw material is placed is determined by the shape and structure of the object to be printed；Described Shaping area used in 3D printing equipment refers to 3D printing equipment used space in printing objects；The present invention the The key problem in technology of one specific embodiment is:
Using plasma (i.e. peripheral plasma beam 1) to the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script Surrounding (neighboring area) is directly heated (the direct-fired region 18 of plasma as shown in Figure 3) (this heating method It can be by heat exchange pattern by the region heating fusing for accumulating fused raw material of type-script, i.e., not to type-script The region of accumulation fused raw material directly heats, and face on the area may be implemented, and, there are in the case where raw material, heat energy is impermeable The accumulation region below raw material is heated under the premise of crossing raw material, many beneficial effects can be obtained, had in subsequent content Illustrate)；The i.e. current accumulation region in region that area's encirclement is directly heated by plasma of type-script is (on type-script as shown in Figure 3 Current accumulation region 1 17)；
During the 3 D-printing, solid feed (i.e. linear solid feed 1) past type-script (i.e. type-script One current accumulation region (the current accumulation region 1 i.e. on type-script) 8) is mobile, and solid feed is not (i.e. annular by plasma 12) plasma beam 1 heats fusing (in the process, solid feed is by plasma heating, such as by plasma resonance Energy warms, the heat entrained by the unionized gas between solid feed and plasma beam, but this A little energy, which are not enough to heat solid feed, to be melted)；
During the 3 D-printing, as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, solid feed (i.e. linear solid feed one 7) electrical connection, solid feed and type-script are set between type-script (i.e. type-script 1) and accessed the same circuit, and is solid State raw material and type-script are series relationship in circuit, it may be assumed that by solid feed guide device 1 by linear solid feed 1 It is connect with resistive heater circuit 1, type-script 1 passes through conductive print platform (not shown in figures) and resistance heating Circuit 1 connects, and linear solid feed 1 is in contact or is connected with type-script 1；In linear solid feed 1 and printing Apply electric current between current accumulation region 1 on body, by linear solid feed 1 and printing by way of resistance heating The position or the heating fusing of connected position that current accumulation region 1 on body is in contact (are that is beaten in the three-dimensional The position for being resistively heated fusing of solid feed is exactly newly-generated fused raw material during print).In solid feed and beat It prints and applies electric current, current accumulation region between the current accumulation region (the current accumulation region 1 on type-script as shown in Figure 3) of body The position for being in contact or being connected with solid feed can also be heated by the current resistor, can be further improved current accumulation region Temperature.
Fig. 3 is illustrated: on type-script surface, the current accumulation region of the direct-fired region of plasma and type-script Positional relationship；Plasma includes the heating region 19 of plasma and its area that is surrounded to the heated perimeter in printing body surface face Domain, it may be assumed that 19 area encompassed of heating region of plasma includes on the direct-fired region 18 of plasma and type-script Current accumulation region 1；In addition to the direct-fired region 18 of plasma, other regions are heated by way of heat transfer, i.e., Indirect heating.Since the direct-fired region 18 of plasma is annular, the heat which obtains is to central area Conduction and diffusion, are heated the current accumulation region 1 on type-script also, and can obtain reliable heating (as long as wait from The heating and continuous presence of daughter, heat just continue to conduct toward the current accumulation region 1 on type-script).Peripheral plasma beam 1 Annular on one 8 surface of type-script directly heats the heat in area (i.e. the direct-fired region 18 of plasma) to periphery and its institute The region of encirclement is conducted and diffusion, forms the molten bath 1 (i.e. the thin melting zone on type-script surface) on type-script surface.
Described is straight to carrying out around the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script using electric arc or plasma Connect heating, around the region for accumulating fused raw material generate directly heat area (such as: the direct-fired area of plasma Domain 18)；During 3 D-printing, type-script successively accumulates molding, and directly heat area is located at current shape layer fused raw material Position in front of accumulation direction is converted to the fused raw material accumulation region in future, and directly heat area is located at current shape layer melting original Position in front of material accumulation direction is defined as accumulation region i.e.；Setting is with current accumulation region by accumulation region in current shape layer Distance in plane is L, and the rate travel in currently molding layer plane of current accumulation region is V, and the ratio between L and V are t, i.e. L/V =t, time T needed for current accumulation region is changed into non-melt state as molten condition；As t < T, i.e., accumulation region is being changed It is kept molten by, directly heating around current accumulation region to rely on the heat that it had previously been carried when current accumulation region Area is superimposed upon on current accumulation region in a molten state to the heat that current accumulation region is conducted；By adjusting current accumulation The rate travel V in currently molding layer plane in area is adjusted the heating power of type-script with adjusting electric arc or plasma The temperature or molten condition of current accumulation region.For example: in Fig. 5, if print head and linear solid feed 1 are whole past Direction movement speed shown in arrow D2 is sufficiently fast, and (arrow D2 indicates the shifting of current accumulation region on direction shown in arrow D2 The front in dynamic direction) becoming current by the direct-fired region of peripheral plasma beam 1 (namely i.e. by accumulation region) The heat previously carried is relied only on when accumulation region and is kept molten by, it may be assumed that direct-fired by peripheral plasma beam 1 Region is located on direction shown in arrow D2 position (namely i.e. by accumulation region) and the type-script of (i.e. the direction of advance of print head) On current accumulation region 1 distance L, the rate travel V of print head, L/V=t, current accumulation region 1 on type-script by Time T needed for molten condition is changed into non-melt state (prints accumulation region as current accumulation region as t < T Current accumulation region 1 on body 17) when rely only on heat that it had previously been carried and be kept molten by, annular plasma is straight It connects the heat that current accumulation region one 17 of the region 18 of heating on type-script is conducted and is superimposed upon in a molten state beat It prints on the current accumulation region 1 on body, further ensures that the current accumulation region 1 on type-script is in reliable molten State.One 17 distance L of current accumulation region i.e. by accumulation region on type-script is directly heated at least equal to the plasma of annular Region 18 inside radius.
Solid feed (i.e. linear solid feed 1) is conductive material, and using metal wire, (such as the 316 of line footpath 1mm are not Become rusty steel wire).
It is described be in contact refer to solid feed (i.e. linear solid feed 1) before melting directly with the type-script It is physically contacted current accumulation region (the current accumulation region 1 i.e. on type-script).There are many being in contact, example Such as: when just starting printing, at the time of preparing for fused raw material；For another example: XYZ three-axis moving is used with 3D printing equipment For platform, the two axis controlled level face XY is mobile, and Z axis controls vertical direction movement, during 3 D-printing, works as solid feed Delivery rate (direction as shown in the arrow D1 in Fig. 5) be greater than solid feed move horizontally rate on current printable layer When (direction as shown in the arrow D2 in Fig. 5), or the electricity being applied between solid feed and the current accumulation region of type-script It is mobile (as shown in the arrow D1 in Fig. 2, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 toward type-script direction that intensity of flow is not able to satisfy sufficiently fusing solid feed Direction) progressive amount demand when, all may there is a situation where described to be in contact.
It is described it is connected refer to that solid feed does not occur directly to contact with the current accumulation region of the type-script before melting, Solid feed passes through the fused raw material that previous (last moment) generates before melting and the current accumulation region of the type-script occurs That is, there is the melting of previous (last moment) generation between the solid feed and the current accumulation region of the type-script in contact (being connected, there have to be more for raw material (that is there is a situation where mediate contacts with the current accumulation region of the type-script for solid feed) Kind, such as: by taking 3D printing equipment is using XYZ triaxial movement platform as an example, two axis controlled level of XY is mobile, and Z axis control is vertical Direction is mobile, during 3 D-printing, when the delivery rate of solid feed is less than water of the solid feed on current printable layer When flat rate travel, or the current strength being applied between solid feed and the current accumulation region of type-script is beyond sufficiently fusing Solid feed toward the mobile progressive amount in type-script direction demand when, all may there is a situation where described to be connected).
In this first specific embodiment, the core of the print head of use is mainly sent out by plasma as shown in Figure 1: Raw device 1 and solid feed guide device 1 form, and plasma torch (i.e. plasma generator 1) uses annular hollow structure, Gu State raw material guide device 1 is set to the space that plasma generator 1 is surrounded.The whole structure in a ring of plasma generator 1, Annular gas access, annular electrode 2 and ring of eddy 16 are set inside plasma generator 1.Op plasma generator in " turn Move arc " mode: annular electrode 2 is as cathode and connects the cathode of power supply (i.e. plasma generator control circuit 9), type-script one 8 as anode and connect the anode of power supply (i.e. plasma generator control circuit 9), and type-script 1 is equivalent to welding industry " workpiece " in welding procedure, the two sides arc root of plasma arc are located at the surface of annular electrode 2 and type-script 1；Deng from The arc column area of subarc is compressed when passing through nozzle ring 4, and sectional area becomes smaller, and energy density becomes larger.Space in nozzle ring 4 is Circular ring shape, i.e., the air-flow sprayed from nozzle ring 4 are annular airflow.Working gas 5 uses argon gas (inert gas), flows into from gas Mouth 3 enters in plasma generator 1, flows through annular gas access of the ring of eddy 16 later inside plasma generator 1 and is formed The air-flow of (vortex) is rotated, the air-flow of rotation drives plasma arc rotation, is also rotation during by nozzle ring 4 , form peripheral plasma beam 1 through the ejection of nozzle ring 4, one 8 surface of type-script generate circular ring shape it is equal from The direct-fired region 18 of daughter.The direct-fired region 18 of plasma is coherent circular ring shape.In peripheral plasma beam One 12 arrive at before one 8 surface of type-script, and cylindricality (or back taper) space that peripheral plasma beam 1 is surrounded is as line Shape solid feed 1 leaves the access after solid feed guide device 1, and linear solid feed 1 passes through the mistake of the access It is not heated and melts by peripheral plasma beam 1 in journey, keep solid-state.If linear solid feed 1 is by the mistake of the access It is melted, will lead to during resistive heater circuit 1 applies high current progress resistance heating by plasma heating in journey The position of linear solid feed 1 melted by plasma heating fuses.Why peripheral plasma beam is produced One of one 12 free-revving engine is exactly that linear solid feed 1 is avoided to directly heat fusing by plasma.Such as Fig. 2, Fig. 4 and figure Shown in 5, before peripheral plasma beam 1 arrives at one 8 surface of type-script, due to the inertia and nozzle ring 4 of air-flow The space surrounded is occupied by solid feed guide device 1 and linear solid feed 1, and peripheral plasma beam 1 is wrapped The cylindrical space enclosed belongs to the space of relative closure, and peripheral plasma beam 1 arrives at after type-script 1 can only be close to beating It prints one 8 surface of body to drain toward outside, and can not flow inwardly, form annular and directly heat area, this is substantially to pass through air-flow (including factors such as fluid inertia, barometric gradients) regulate and control the heating region on type-script of plasma arc；This can be obtained The benefit of sample: if print head and print platform are directly exposed in atmosphere, ambient atmosphere (oxygen and nitrogen etc.) is by annular gas It flows (annular airflow of rotation) to resist, at least shape is in pairs at current on the fused raw material 13 and type-script at annular airflow center Accumulation region 1, the direct-fired region 18 of plasma tight inert atmosphere protection area, the tight inert atmosphere of generation protects Shield area one 8 surface of type-script is formed protection air film diameter greater than plasma heating region 19, can get it is excellent at Type quality can thus print band large-scale metal component, to fields such as aerospace and military projects in large-scale open platform It is significant.
In this first specific embodiment, above-mentioned type-script includes the purpose to be printed (target) object and molding Complementary structure (such as support) needed for process.
In this first specific embodiment, using plasma (transferred arc) to the accumulation fused raw material of type-script Region around directly heated, described directly heating refers to: the side arc root of peripheral plasma beam 1 is direct Act on the type-script is accumulating around the region of fused raw material that (plasma as shown in Figure 3 directly heats Region 18) (other side arc root is located at 2 surface of annular electrode).
In Fig. 2, annular of the peripheral plasma beam 1 on one 8 surface of type-script directly heats the heat in area to periphery And its area encompassed is conducted and diffusion, forms the molten bath 1 (i.e. the thin melting zone on type-script surface) on type-script surface； Linear solid feed 1 starts to type-script 1 mobile (i.e. direction shown in arrow D1) but also not molten with type-script surface Pond 1 contacts, and resistive heater circuit 1 is also inactive, generates without fused raw material.
In Fig. 4, linear solid feed 1 is contacted with the molten bath 1 on type-script surface, that is to say, that linear solid-state is former Expect that one 7 contact with the current accumulation region 1 on type-script, resistive heater circuit 1 starts, linear solid feed 1 with Contact surface between current accumulation region 1 on type-script forms resistance high resistance area, and linear solid feed 1 with beat The zone melting of the contact of current accumulation region 1 on print body simultaneously forms fused raw material 1.
In Fig. 5, pass through solid feed guide device 1, along direction shown in arrow D1 in linear solid feed 1 While the molten bath 1 on past type-script surface is mobile, print head and linear solid feed 1 are whole toward square shown in arrow D2 To movement, peripheral plasma beam 1, which follows print head to move together, (causes the molten bath 1 on type-script surface also to follow shifting It is dynamic), and resistive heater circuit 1 is in running order, persistently generates fused raw material 1 and continues on type-script surface It is accumulated on molten bath 1；Pass through fused raw material 1 between current accumulation region 1 on linear solid feed 1 and type-script Realize connection (belong to and be indirectly connected with, be not belonging to directly contact)；The fused raw material previously accumulated on type-script is reduced in temperature The cured part 1 for the layer accumulated is formed later；Between the cured of fused raw material 1 and the layer accumulated There are uncured portion 1 between part 1, this is a transition region, and there are softened zones in the transition region, to the softened zone It is rolled or is hammered or impacted or shaken, physical characteristic (such as the material of the softened zone after fully cured can be influenced Crystal grain/dendrite arm characteristic inside material).Since peripheral plasma beam 1 is annular, fused raw material accumulates it on type-script Afterwards, it can be directly heated again by peripheral plasma beam 1, configuration of surface can become more smooth.For this first specific implementation For example, fused raw material is by resistance heating manner on the current accumulation region 1 (a part for belonging to molten bath) on type-script Surface generates in real time, does not need deep molten bath, and melting zone/molten bath of micron thickness is just able to satisfy demand, in this way can be effectively Protect the thin-wall construction or fine structure of previously molding type-script；Heat the molten bath one that type-script 1 generates type-script surface 11 energy does not need to penetrate linear solid feed 1 or fused raw material 1, and power density needed for heat energy is low, Be conducive to protect the thin-wall construction or fine structure of previously molding type-script.
In this first specific embodiment, by using plasma to the area for accumulating fused raw material of type-script (periphery) is directly heated around domain, and the heat that peripheral region is themselves directly heated and obtains passes through conduction pattern partial conductance To the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script, the region for accumulating fused raw material of solid feed and type-script it Between formed resistance high resistance area.In series circuit, maximum voltage partial pressure is obtained in high resistance area, resistance heating energy concentrates on high resistant Area, improves the capacity usage ratio of resistance heating, and obtains the small fused raw material of volume, is conducive to improve formed precision.This The small fused raw material mode of volume is obtained kind on the contact surface, is different from through laser or electron beam or plasma beam or solely Vertical electric arc (electric discharge forms electric arc between special discharge electrode and type-script) is directly by linear solid feed (such as metal Silk) and its periphery the existing three-dimensional printing technology that melts together of type-script；The heat energy of the prior art needs to penetrate threadiness Solid feed and the type-script of arrival below, the heat energy needed is high, and generated fused raw material volume is larger, is printing Formed precision is lower caused by molten bath on body is larger；The prior art, when between solid feed or fused raw material and type-script Contact when interrupting will lead to that form volume in the free end of wire larger if heat energy is cut off not in time Liquid metal ball (liquid metal large viscosity, surface tension are big, have the pockets of trend of self aggregation), lead to liquid material not Controllably, 3 D-printing failure is even resulted in.These prior arts need to carry out current molding region picture control and according to Image data comes the position of real-time monitoring threadiness solid feed, the amount of feeding of linear solid feed, the position of fused raw material, printing The form in the molten bath on body, the size of heat energy and heating location repair the accumulation region or molded of existing defects in time Region, control technology needed for the prior art is sufficiently complex, technical threshold is high.And technical solution of the present invention can ensure that current Correct position relationship in forming area between fused raw material and the thin melting zone (thin layer molten bath) on type-script surface, fused raw material Form it is controllable, formed precision is higher, smaller to the destruction of type-script (it is thin only need to form fusing in the current accumulation region of type-script Layer, does not need to form a larger deeper molten bath, the power density of required plasma beam is lower)；Liquid of the invention The process that state raw material generates in real time contacts interruption with type-script in case of raw material, resistance heating current interrupt naturally therewith (when When resistance heating voltage is lower than 10V, electric arc will not be generated being formed by between raw material end face and type-script), there is self limiting, The fused raw material for remaining in solid feed end loses the pockets of chance of aggregation；Needed for the corresponding 3D printing equipment of the present invention Control system is simple, and cost is also lower.
In this first specific embodiment, in one 12 periphery of peripheral plasma beam, nested annular impact air-flow (does not exist Shown in attached drawing), annular impact air-flow is coaxial with peripheral plasma beam 1, using annular impact air-flow to printing body surface face 19 softened zone of heating region of plasma impacted, obtain the effect further forged, improve type-script in molding Material property afterwards.19 softened zone of heating region of the plasma on type-script surface includes two parts: first part, plasma After body beam heats type-script, heating zone will form temperature gradient, the area not melting but obtaining plasticity and be not completely melt Domain just belongs to softened zone；Second part, during 3 D-printing, print head or type-script need to move, and are worked as with continuous transformation Preceding accumulation region, previously after the temperature is reduced can be through by the region of plasma beam heating fusing and the fused raw material accumulated Go through softening state.
If Fig. 6 is to a kind of second specific embodiment of 3 D-printing method of the present invention shown in Fig. 10,4 independences are used Electric arc to printing body surface face current accumulation region around heat.The heat in each direct-fired region of electric arc is to week Side conduction and diffusion form area and are greater than the molten bath (i.e. the molten bath 2 35 on type-script surface) that electric arc directly heats region, especially It is to directly heat area's area encompassed (i.e. current accumulation region) in 4 electric arcs to generate heat superposition, leads to the zone melting (shape At molten bath).4 direct-fired regions of electric arc are not connected directly to each other, i.e., it is discontinuous to directly heat area for electric arc.
Printhead body part as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7: 40 and of seat is mainly regulated and controled by arc generator array 26, air-flow Solid feed guide device 2 30 forms, in which: in 26 lower end of arc generator array, setting air-flow regulates and controls seat 40, and electric arc occurs The working air current that device array 26 sprays forms annular airflow after the air-flow regulation regulation of seat 40；Arc generator array 26 by 4 arc generator compositions, each arc generator are both provided with a gas interface and a discharge electrode, and 4 gases connect The electrode 28 of 27,4 discharge electrode arcing generator arrays of gas interface of mouth arcing generator array.Threadiness is solid State raw material 2 29 guides through solid feed guide device 2 30 and arrives at 2 36 surface of type-script.
The sheet second specific reality as shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 (enlarged drawing that Fig. 9 is region shown in dotted line frame CC in Fig. 8) Apply the working principle of example: working gas 2 38 uses argon gas (inert gas), from the gas interface 27 of arc generator array into Enter arc generator array 26 (as indicated by arrows f2), sprayed later by air-flow regulation seat 40 and forms annular airflow, annular Air-flow is by the electrode 28 of arc generator array, the molten bath 2 35 on type-script surface, fused raw material 2 32, uncured part two 33 cover；The electrode 28 of arc generator array is connect with the cathode of arc generator Array Control Circuit 39, type-script 2 36 connect that (type-script 2 36 is equivalent to the argon arc welding of common welding field with the anode of arc generator Array Control Circuit 39 " workpiece " in the middle)；The arc arrays 37 that the electrode 28 of arc generator array generates are distributed in fused raw material by annular airflow Around 2 32, arc arrays 37 are not exposed to fused raw material 2 32；In linear solid feed 2 29 by solid feed guidance dress While setting 2 30, moved along the molten bath 2 35 on direction shown in arrow D3 toward type-script surface, print head and linear solid-state Raw material 2 29 is whole mobile toward direction shown in arrow D4 together, and arc arrays 37, which follow print head to move together, (to be caused to print The molten bath 2 35 in body surface face also follows movement), and resistive heater circuit 2 31 is in running order, persistently generates fused raw material 2 32 and continue accumulated on the molten bath 2 35 on type-script surface；The fused raw material previously accumulated on type-script is reduced in temperature The cured part 2 34 for the layer accumulated is formed later；In having consolidated between fused raw material 2 32 and the layer accumulated There are uncured part 2 33 between the part 2 34 of change, this is a transition region, and there are softened zones in the transition region.
Current accumulation region 2 21, electric arc on the type-script of sheet second specific implementation as shown in Figure 10 is direct-fired Positional relationship of the heating region 23 of region 22 and electric arc on type-script surface: heating region packet of the electric arc to printing body surface face Include the heating region 23 and its area encompassed of electric arc, it may be assumed that 23 area encompassed of heating region of electric arc includes type-script On the direct-fired region 22 in current accumulation region 2 21 and electric arc；In addition to the direct-fired region 22 of electric arc, other regions are logical The mode for crossing heat transfer heats, i.e. indirect heating.The direct-fired region 22 of electric arc is by 4 smaller and close to each other electric arcs District's groups are directly heated at the heat that each small electric arc directly heats area can be conducted and be spread around, form type-script surface Molten bath 2 35, especially the current accumulation region 2 21 on the type-script that is surrounded of the direct-fired region 22 of electric arc is 4 small Electric arc directly heat the superposition area of the conducted heat in area, the current accumulation region 2 21 on type-script forms reliable melting Area.By adjusting the overall power of arc generator array 26, thin melting zone can be formed on type-script surface.For this second For specific implementation, fused raw material (belongs to the one of molten bath by current accumulation region two 21 of the resistance heating manner on type-script Part) upper surface generates in real time, deep molten bath is not needed, melting zone/molten bath of micron thickness is just able to satisfy demand, in this way may be used It is effectively protected the thin-wall construction or fine structure of previous molding type-script.
The third specific embodiment of a kind of 3 D-printing method of the present invention as shown in Figure 11 to Figure 12, with the present invention one The only a small amount of difference of first specific embodiment of kind 3 D-printing method: fused raw material 3 43 is not to pass through resistance heating manner It generates, peripheral plasma beam 3 42 contacts on a small quantity with the linear generation of solid feed 3 41, contact zone (annular shown in Figure 12 etc. The contact area 48 of gas ions beam and linear solid feed) be located at 3 41 lower edge of linear solid feed with type-script 3 46 The adjacent region in (molten bath 3 44 on type-script surface), linear solid feed 3 41 pass through this contact zone from peripheral plasma beam three 42 acquisition heats simultaneously are melted to form fused raw material 3 43；The molten bath 3 44 on type-script surface is conducted to linear solid feed 3 41 Heat also assist in the generation of fused raw material 3 43；Resistive heater circuit 3 45 applies moment when not needing and generating fused raw material Heavy current will be instanteously blown between linear solid feed 3 41 and fused raw material 3 43, the two separated；Resistive heater circuit 3 45 also monitor the contact condition between linear solid feed 3 41 and type-script 3 46, by between the two with the presence or absence of electrical Connection is to judge.Peripheral plasma beam 3 42 contacts on a small quantity with the linear generation of solid feed 3 41, the contact area and annular The ratio between 3 42 type-script of plasma beam, 3 46 contact area needs are obtained and repeatedly surveying, in other words peripheral plasma Beam 3 42 is for directly heating linear solid feed 3 41 to generate the energy of fused raw material 3 43 and peripheral plasma beam three 42 for directly heating type-script 3 46 be to need to survey by practical to generate the ratio between the energy in the molten bath 3 44 on type-script surface What examination obtained.Non-ionic working gas 47 forms protective atmosphere, the source of non-ionic working gas 47: is not ionized Working gas and peripheral plasma beam 3 42 zwitterion it is compound after formed neutral operation gas.In this third In specific embodiment, work as parameter are as follows: the diameter of linear solid feed 3 41 is 1mm, the progressive amount of linear solid feed 3 41 is 50mm/s, print head rate travel be 50mm/s, material is 316 stainless steels, peripheral plasma beam 3 42 in type-script three The outer diameter for directly heating area's (annular) on 46 is 5mm, type-script 3 46 is long 100mm* wide 100mm* high 50mm square is beaten The current accumulation region of print body is located at the mass-type foundation temperature-averaging of the center of 3 46 upper surface of type-script, type-script 3 46 300 DEG C, 3 42 arc voltage 50V of peripheral plasma beam, electric current 80A, then: peripheral plasma beam 3 42 is for directly heating line Shape solid feed 3 41 is used to directly heat type-script with the energy and peripheral plasma beam 3 42 that generate fused raw material 3 43 3 46 to generate the ratio between the energy in the molten bath 3 44 on type-script surface, about 1:6.
Arrow D6 in Figure 11 indicates that linear solid feed 3 41 is progressive toward type-script 3 46, and arrow F3 indicates working gas Flow direction.
In this third specific embodiment, the generation in the molten bath 3 44 on type-script surface is not by annular plasma Body beam 3 42 penetrates the energy that linear solid feed 3 41 conducts down, and 3 42 pairs of type-scripts 3 46 of peripheral plasma beam When directly heating be annular-heating, it is ensured that the fused raw material 3 43 of generation is always positioned at the annular and directly heats area's inside center Region, therefore, it is possible to ensure: print head is mobile toward any one direction on 3 46 surface of type-script and accumulates fused raw material When, fused raw material 3 43 is accumulated always on the molten bath 3 44 on type-script surface.Complicated control system is not needed in this way, and Reliability is high.
Of the invention " carries out accumulating around the region of fused raw material for type-script using electric arc or plasma Directly heat " this heating method, i.e., the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script is not directly heated, be may be implemented There are in the case where raw material above the region, heat energy adds the accumulation region below raw material under the premise of being not through raw material Heat can obtain many beneficial effects.Some examples are set forth below:
Example 1: raw material volume is small, if raw material be it is solid, melt solid feed needed for energy intensity far below fusing Energy needed for current accumulation region (current accumulation region and the other regions of type-script be it is integrated, type-script is led if it is the good of heat Body, such as metal, then type-script can guide rapidly the heat of current accumulation region), if using the same beam energy (such as Plasma beam or laser beam or electron beam) raw material is passed through directly above raw material and arrives at the current accumulation region below raw material, The energy surplus that frequently can lead to heating raw material, evaporates feedstock portions, and feedstock portions evaporation can also be to the original after accumulation Material generates bubble/honeycomb defect；If raw material is melting, if directly passed through above raw material using the same beam energy Raw material simultaneously arrives at the current accumulation region below raw material, and raw material itself has been molten state, will lead to raw material and generates more serious evaporation.
Example 2: using " electric arc or plasma are direct to carrying out around the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script Heating " leads to the heat synergistic effect in the region for accumulating fused raw material of type-script, is reducing electric arc or plasma The region for accumulating fused raw material under the premise of whole heating power density in type-script forms thin molten bath, can have in this way The thin-wall construction or fine structure of previously molding type-script are protected in effect ground, and the situation opposite with the present invention is: existing to be based on Electric arc heated or the three-dimensionally shaped technology of metal of plasma beam heating, thin-wall construction or fine knot to previous molding type-script It is configured to greatly destroy, consequence is exactly that the object of these prior art printing shapings seen by people is very coarse.
Example 3: realizing greater area of heating zone and smaller temperature gradient, can effectively reduce stress and reduce material internal Crackle, be with the opposite situation of the present invention: the existing three-dimensionally shaped technology of metal, such as SLM (selective laser thawing) by Small in laser facula, power density is high, causes molten bath and the temperature difference of periphery type-script material very big, material internal is caused to answer Power is very big and crackle is more, needs to eliminate these defects by the heat treatment (such as hot isostatic pressing) in later period.
Example 4: using 360 ° of annular-heating modes, regardless of print head is mobile toward any direction in currently molding layer plane, It can ensure that the current accumulation region on type-script is surrounded and is effectively heated by annular-heating area, the mobile control spirit of print head Living, the control system to match with print head is simple.
Example 5: 360 ° of annular-heating modes are used, heated again after accumulation fused raw material, make out-of-flatness (such as burr) area The surface in domain melts again, obtains more smooth surface, may merge during accumulating fused raw material between lines endless Entirely, melting is conducive to merge between lines again.
Example 6: compatible powdered solid feed is taken after the channel among guide device changes nozzle by air-flow Band powder raw material, toward current accumulation region above pulverized powder raw material, powder raw material is attached on the current accumulation region of molten state, it It is heated again by toroidal plasma beam or annular electric arc again afterwards, it is ensured that powder raw material merges completely with type-script.
Example 7: the heat energy for generating the heat energy of fused raw material and generating the molten bath on type-script surface is independent mutually, can To realize flexible forming process, high-melting-point easy to accomplish, high thermal conductivity material printing.
The above cannot limit practical range of the invention, i.e., only as preferred embodiment of the invention with this The equivalent transformation and modification that claims and description are done according to the present invention all still fall within the model that the present invention covers It encloses.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of 3 D-printing method, mainly comprises the processes of solid feed melting acquisition fused raw material, fused raw material is placed To shaping area used in 3D printing equipment, type-script, newly-generated melting are accumulated and be changed into fused raw material in shaping area Raw material is accumulated on the basis of type-script, until the forming objects to be printed；Wherein: during accumulating fused raw material, The position that fused raw material is placed is determined by the shape and structure of the object to be printed；The 3D printing equipment is made Shaping area refers to 3D printing equipment used space in printing objects；
It is characterized by:
Accumulating around the region of fused raw material for type-script is directly heated using electric arc or plasma；Printing The i.e. current accumulation region in region that area's encirclement is directly heated by electric arc or plasma of body；
Alternatively, directly add to accumulating around the region of fused raw material for type-script using electric arc or plasma Heat；The i.e. current accumulation region in region that area's encirclement is directly heated by electric arc or plasma of type-script；In the 3 D-printing During, the current accumulation region of the solid feed toward type-script is mobile, solid feed not by the electric arc or wait from Daughter heating fusing；Electrical connection is provided with during the 3 D-printing, between solid feed and type-script, solid Between state raw material and the current accumulation region of the type-script apply electric current, by solid feed and institute by way of resistance heating State the position or the heating fusing of connected position that the current accumulation region of type-script is in contact；The solid feed is electric conductivity Material；Described being in contact refers to that solid feed is directly in contact with the current accumulation region of the type-script before melting；Institute State it is connected refer to solid feed before melting not with the current accumulation region of the type-script occur directly contact, solid feed exists It is in contact before fusing by the current accumulation region of the fused raw material and the type-script that had previously generated, i.e., in the solid feed There is the fused raw material previously generated between the current accumulation region of the type-script.
2. 3 D-printing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described directly add to accumulating around the region of fused raw material for type-script using electric arc or plasma Heat, it is described that described directly heating refers to that the arc column area of electric arc or plasma arcs or arc root act directly on or directly contact Type-script accumulating around the region of fused raw material.
3. 3 D-printing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The type-script is coherent or incoherent by electric arc or the direct-fired region of plasma；
The i.e. current accumulation region in region that area's encirclement is directly heated by electric arc or plasma of the type-script, wherein described Encirclement, which refers to, surrounds completely or partially surrounds；
The type-script includes complementary structure needed for the purpose object to be printed and forming process.
4. 3 D-printing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The type-script by electric arc or the direct-fired region of plasma, shape be annular.
5. 3 D-printing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described directly add to accumulating around the region of fused raw material for type-script using electric arc or plasma Heat is to form annular electric arc or peripheral plasma by swirling eddy or non-rotary gas flow optimized electric arc or plasma Beam, realization directly heat accumulating around the region of fused raw material for type-script.
6. 3 D-printing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described directly add to accumulating around the region of fused raw material for type-script using electric arc or plasma Heat generates around the region for accumulating fused raw material and directly heats area；During 3 D-printing, type-script successively tires out Product molding, the position being located in front of current shape layer fused raw material accumulation direction for directly heating area are converted to the melting original in future Expect accumulation region, the position being located in front of current shape layer fused raw material accumulation direction for directly heating area is defined as to accumulate Area；Set at a distance from i.e. by accumulation region and current accumulation region in currently molding layer plane as L, current accumulation region current Forming the rate travel in layer plane is V, and the ratio between L and V are t, i.e. L/V=t, current accumulation region is changed into non-molten by molten condition Time T needed for melting state；As t < T, its heat previously carried can rely on when accumulation region is changed into current accumulation region It measures and is kept molten by, the area that directly heats around current accumulation region is superimposed upon to the heat that current accumulation region is conducted Through on current accumulation region in a molten state；By the rate travel in currently molding layer plane for adjusting current accumulation region V and adjusting electric arc or plasma adjust the temperature or molten condition of current accumulation region to the heating power of type-script.
7. 3 D-printing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
There is electrical connection between the solid feed and type-script, refers to that solid feed and type-script are accessed the same electricity Road, and solid feed and type-script are series relationship in circuit.
8. 3 D-printing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described directly add to accumulating around the region of fused raw material for type-script using electric arc or plasma Heat is the plasma arcs for the electric arc or rotation for controlling electric arc or plasma arcs generation rotation by magnetic field, realizes to printing Accumulating around the region of fused raw material for body directly heated, and the fused raw material of accumulating to type-script is avoided Region is directly heated.
9. 3 D-printing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described directly add to accumulating around the region of fused raw material for type-script using electric arc or plasma Heat is the plasma arcs for the electric arc or rotation for controlling electric arc or plasma arcs generation rotation by magnetic field, realizes to printing Accumulating around the region of fused raw material for body directly heated, and the fused raw material of accumulating to type-script is avoided Region is directly heated；Electric arc or plasma arcs are by the discharge electrode of annular or hollow discharge electrode and printing It discharges and is formed between body；Solid feed passes through the space in the discharge electrode or hollow discharge electrode of annular and moves toward type-script Dynamic, solid feed is not melted during mobile toward the current accumulation region of type-script by electric arc or plasma heating.
10. 3 D-printing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In the periphery injection annular airflow for being directly heated area by electric arc or plasma of type-script, impacted using annular airflow straight Connect the softened zone of heating region near its circumference.
CN201910992980.0A 2019-10-18 2019-10-18 A kind of 3 D-printing method Pending CN110523990A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910992980.0A CN110523990A (en) 2019-10-18 2019-10-18 A kind of 3 D-printing method
CN201911419790.6A CN110918996B (en) 2019-10-18 2019-12-31 Three-dimensional printing method and three-dimensional printing equipment
CN202010004410.9A CN111014677B (en) 2019-10-18 2020-01-03 Three-dimensional printing forging method based on magnetic stirring
PCT/CN2020/092879 WO2021073108A1 (en) 2019-10-18 2020-05-28 Electromagnetic stirring-based three-dimensional printing and forging method
PCT/CN2020/092877 WO2021073107A1 (en) 2019-10-18 2020-05-28 Three-dimensional printing method and three-dimensional printing device
CN202011114075.4A CN112024885B (en) 2019-10-18 2020-10-18 Plasma arc nozzle, plasma generating device with plasma arc nozzle and three-dimensional printing equipment

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910992980.0A CN110523990A (en) 2019-10-18 2019-10-18 A kind of 3 D-printing method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN110523990A true CN110523990A (en) 2019-12-03

Family

ID=68672075

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201910992980.0A Pending CN110523990A (en) 2019-10-18 2019-10-18 A kind of 3 D-printing method
CN201911419790.6A Active CN110918996B (en) 2019-10-18 2019-12-31 Three-dimensional printing method and three-dimensional printing equipment
CN202011114075.4A Active CN112024885B (en) 2019-10-18 2020-10-18 Plasma arc nozzle, plasma generating device with plasma arc nozzle and three-dimensional printing equipment

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201911419790.6A Active CN110918996B (en) 2019-10-18 2019-12-31 Three-dimensional printing method and three-dimensional printing equipment
CN202011114075.4A Active CN112024885B (en) 2019-10-18 2020-10-18 Plasma arc nozzle, plasma generating device with plasma arc nozzle and three-dimensional printing equipment

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (3) CN110523990A (en)
WO (1) WO2021073107A1 (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111761787A (en) * 2020-07-10 2020-10-13 安徽省力天新材料股份有限公司 Multi-station synchronous injection molding device
CN111958090A (en) * 2020-08-12 2020-11-20 苏州鑫之博科技有限公司 Plasma arc material increase device and material increase method
CN112059386A (en) * 2020-09-08 2020-12-11 湘潭大学 Method for controlling fuse deposition molten pool state
CN112296343A (en) * 2020-09-04 2021-02-02 武汉科技大学 Method for preparing superfine metal powder by smelting hollow electrode
WO2021073108A1 (en) * 2019-10-18 2021-04-22 南京钛陶智能系统有限责任公司 Electromagnetic stirring-based three-dimensional printing and forging method
WO2021073107A1 (en) * 2019-10-18 2021-04-22 南京钛陶智能系统有限责任公司 Three-dimensional printing method and three-dimensional printing device
CN113580568A (en) * 2021-07-29 2021-11-02 南京工业大学 Plasma nanometer vibration material disk device
CN114535618A (en) * 2021-12-07 2022-05-27 南京钛陶智能系统有限责任公司 Three-dimensional printing system
CN115430846A (en) * 2022-09-30 2022-12-06 江苏理工学院 Consumable electrode argon arc welding 3D printing material increase device and method

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111545752B (en) * 2020-05-19 2022-09-30 江苏天启医疗科技有限公司 3D rough forming method and system for large metal alloy thin-walled part
CN112388315B (en) * 2020-11-02 2022-02-15 中国航空制造技术研究院 Preparation device and method of metal structural member
CN113134670B (en) * 2021-04-27 2022-10-25 哈尔滨工业大学 Additive machining equipment and machining method
WO2023244676A1 (en) * 2022-06-16 2023-12-21 Applied Materials, Inc. Stackable plasma source for plasma processing
CN115213432A (en) * 2022-07-22 2022-10-21 南京航空航天大学 Wire-powder mixed arc additive manufacturing device and method based on rotation circumferential electromagnetic field assistance

Family Cites Families (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6365867B1 (en) * 2000-11-01 2002-04-02 Sandia Corporation Plasma arc torch with coaxial wire feed
US20090107958A1 (en) * 2007-10-26 2009-04-30 Gm Globaltechnology Operations, Inc. Torch and Contact Tip for Gas Metal Arc Welding
CN101347861B (en) * 2008-08-29 2011-06-08 重庆大学 Method for welding stainless steel thin walled pipe circular seam joint and device
DE102010055201A1 (en) * 2010-12-20 2012-06-21 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Method for producing a component
WO2013174449A1 (en) * 2012-05-25 2013-11-28 European Space Agency Multi-wire feeder method and system for alloy sample formation and additive manufacturing
CN104244557B (en) * 2014-08-11 2017-02-15 北京交通大学 Atmosphere protection coaxial powder feeding plasma gun
US20170304895A1 (en) * 2014-10-01 2017-10-26 Renishaw Plc Additive manufacturing apparatus and method
KR20160125614A (en) * 2015-04-22 2016-11-01 주식회사 엔터봇 Temperature adjustment apparatus of 3D printer extruder
CN106283033A (en) * 2015-05-29 2017-01-04 山东科技大学 A kind of method of the three cathode fine claddings of transferred-arc plasma bundle
CN105034394B (en) * 2015-06-26 2017-06-20 西安交通大学 A kind of large scale selective laser sintering subregion pre-heating mean
US20170016333A1 (en) * 2015-07-16 2017-01-19 Siemens Energy, Inc. Flux mediated deposition of metallic glass
CN206029035U (en) * 2016-08-31 2017-03-22 成都真火科技有限公司 Laminar flow arc plasma welds rifle
CN106513682B (en) * 2016-09-19 2019-02-15 南京钛陶智能系统有限责任公司 A kind of liquid material injection method and its device for 3 D-printing
CN106965421B (en) * 2017-04-29 2020-10-20 南京钛陶智能系统有限责任公司 Three-dimensional printing method
US10661343B2 (en) * 2017-05-02 2020-05-26 Additec Additive Technologies, LLC Smart additive manufacturing device
CN107344418A (en) * 2017-08-24 2017-11-14 浙江万里扬股份有限公司 3D printer hott bed, 3D printer and method for heating and controlling
CN108436084B (en) * 2018-04-24 2020-12-01 南京钛陶智能系统有限责任公司 Three-dimensional printing method
CN208395276U (en) * 2018-06-15 2019-01-18 株洲辉锐增材制造技术有限公司 A kind of plane metalloid part ultrahigh speed cladding system
CN109676138B (en) * 2019-02-26 2021-04-20 重庆理工大学 Laser excitation ultrasonic energy field assisted plasma arc powder-loaded additive manufacturing method
CN110523990A (en) * 2019-10-18 2019-12-03 南京钛陶智能系统有限责任公司 A kind of 3 D-printing method

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021073108A1 (en) * 2019-10-18 2021-04-22 南京钛陶智能系统有限责任公司 Electromagnetic stirring-based three-dimensional printing and forging method
WO2021073107A1 (en) * 2019-10-18 2021-04-22 南京钛陶智能系统有限责任公司 Three-dimensional printing method and three-dimensional printing device
CN111761787A (en) * 2020-07-10 2020-10-13 安徽省力天新材料股份有限公司 Multi-station synchronous injection molding device
CN111958090A (en) * 2020-08-12 2020-11-20 苏州鑫之博科技有限公司 Plasma arc material increase device and material increase method
CN112296343A (en) * 2020-09-04 2021-02-02 武汉科技大学 Method for preparing superfine metal powder by smelting hollow electrode
CN112296343B (en) * 2020-09-04 2023-05-26 武汉科技大学 Method for preparing superfine metal powder by hollow electrode smelting
CN112059386A (en) * 2020-09-08 2020-12-11 湘潭大学 Method for controlling fuse deposition molten pool state
CN113580568A (en) * 2021-07-29 2021-11-02 南京工业大学 Plasma nanometer vibration material disk device
CN114535618A (en) * 2021-12-07 2022-05-27 南京钛陶智能系统有限责任公司 Three-dimensional printing system
CN114535618B (en) * 2021-12-07 2024-03-19 南京钛陶智能系统有限责任公司 Three-dimensional printing system
CN115430846A (en) * 2022-09-30 2022-12-06 江苏理工学院 Consumable electrode argon arc welding 3D printing material increase device and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN112024885A (en) 2020-12-04
CN110918996A (en) 2020-03-27
CN112024885B (en) 2023-04-18
WO2021073107A1 (en) 2021-04-22
CN110918996B (en) 2022-03-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN110523990A (en) A kind of 3 D-printing method
US20180141151A1 (en) Method and apparatus for metal three-dimensional printing
CN111014677B (en) Three-dimensional printing forging method based on magnetic stirring
KR102533933B1 (en) Plasma atomized metal powder manufacturing process and system for plasma atomized metal powder manufacturing process
CN101312799B (en) Apparatus and method for clean, rapidly solidified alloys
WO2018196868A1 (en) Three-dimensional printing method
CN108555301B (en) Partitioned parallel three-dimensional printing forming method for large precise metal parts
US9925591B2 (en) Mixing cold hearth metallurgical system and process for producing metals and metal alloys
CN106392088B (en) A kind of metal atomization and electric field select separating device and method
US6027699A (en) Material forming apparatus using a directed droplet stream
CN106956008A (en) A kind of 3D printing preparation method of Hastelloy X-alloy powder
CN105252012B (en) Device and method for continuously manufacturing metal powder through multi-electrode plasma arcs
CN106191854B (en) A kind of preparation method of control pore Ni-based coating
CN108436084A (en) A kind of 3 D-printing method
CN110076347A (en) The Combined type powder preparation method and device being atomized based on plasma melting and disc rotary
CN112091216B (en) Preparation method of high-welding-resistance copper-chromium fine-grain composite contact
Fan et al. Dynamic analysis of globular metal transfer in gas metal arc welding-a comparison of numerical and experimental results
CN106513682B (en) A kind of liquid material injection method and its device for 3 D-printing
CN110303162A (en) A kind of ultrasonic wave prepares metal ball shaped powder device
US20170216918A1 (en) Methods and systems for fabrication using multi-material and precision alloy droplet jetting
TW201720550A (en) Equipment and method of manufacturing alloy powder can heat an alloy raw material stick to obtain column-like alloy melt soup to cool and mist melt soup so as to form alloy powder
TW201714685A (en) Spherical metal powder and manufacturing method thereof and manufacturing apparatus thereof capable of allowing the fine metal particles to converge into a spherical shape in a relatively long time to achieve the purpose of improving the metal powder roundness
CN206169289U (en) Brake lining laminar flow plasma 3D printing apparatus
CN208696304U (en) A kind of device of low-voltage direct plasma gun preparation 3D printing titanium valve
Guo et al. Metal transfer characteristics of rotating arc narrow gap horizontal GMAW

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication

Application publication date: 20191203

WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication