CN110443436A - A kind of Ecological Changes data research method during Engineering of Ecological Water Conveying water delivery - Google Patents
A kind of Ecological Changes data research method during Engineering of Ecological Water Conveying water delivery Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Ecological Changes data research methods during Engineering of Ecological Water Conveying water delivery, Step 1: earth's surface information collection；Step 2: earth's surface information searching；Step 3: underground water buried depth measures；Step 4: information conformity calculation, the present invention relates to water delivery engineering technical fields.Ecological Changes data research method during the Engineering of Ecological Water Conveying water delivery, it is poor to be adjusted using sampling, reduce work total amount, specify Ecological Changes data research method, it obtains information and compares trend graph, specific information trend is moved towards in formation, solve the change direction and sustainable development viewpoint consistency that can not determine ecological environment for the research of Ecological Changes at present, tens cubes of water is used to protect and restore ecology, it can not determine function and effect, pool assessment directly is carried out to large-scale Ecological Changes, workload is great, and the annual dynamic fluctuation of remote sensing analysis result is huge, the problem of information trend moves towards can not be specified.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water delivery engineering technical field, Ecological Changes number during specially a kind of Engineering of Ecological Water Conveying water delivery
Method according to the study.
Background technique
Water is the Source of life of earth all things on earth, is the basic condition that the mankind depend on for existence and development, is to maintain earth ecology
System function and support social economic system develop irreplaceable basic natural resources and strategic resource, in recent years, by
The influence that climate change and economic society continue to develop, shortage of water resources has become global common problem, with ecology
Restore and environmental protection is the Engineering of Ecological Water Conveying of basic goal, has begun and implement, with a series of ecological management engineerings
Implementation, there is significant change, especially realizes the recovery of River Basin Hydrology integrity in valley environment, with moisture item
The improvement of part, vegetation have obtained significant recovery, are mainly shown as the recovery that vegetation growing way improves with bio-diversity, same with this
When, local ecological environment is improved, and the reduction of sandstorm and the recovery of local economy and development are mainly manifested in.
At present for the research of Ecological Changes in Engineering of Ecological Water Conveying can not determine the change direction of ecological environment with
Sustainable development viewpoint consistency, and the arid biogeographic zone extremely sensitive in water resource, tens cubes of water is used to protecting and
Restore ecology, can not determine function and effect, while Engineering of Ecological Water Conveying area involved reaches tens of thousands of sq-kms, different sections
Or region leads to vegetation ecological response also thousand poor ten thousand since environmental condition is different, surface vegetation is distributed, the difference of type and growing way
Not, pool assessment directly is carried out to large-scale Ecological Changes, workload is very great, and area ecology is very fragile, right
The response of external interference is fairly obvious, and surface vegetation has apparent " repeatability " transformation, so that the year of remote sensing analysis result
Dynamic fluctuation is huge, can not specify the trend trend of information.
Summary of the invention
(1) the technical issues of solving
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides Ecological Changes data during a kind of Engineering of Ecological Water Conveying water delivery
Research method solves the variation that can not determine ecological environment for the research of Ecological Changes in Engineering of Ecological Water Conveying at present
Direction and sustainable development viewpoint consistency, and the arid biogeographic zone extremely sensitive in water resource, tens cubes of water is used for
Protection and recovery ecology, can not determine function and effect, directly carry out pool assessment, workload to large-scale Ecological Changes
It is very great, and the annual dynamic fluctuation of remote sensing analysis result is huge, can not specify the problem of information trend moves towards.
(2) technical solution
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs: a kind of Engineering of Ecological Water Conveying water delivery
Ecological Changes data research method in journey, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: earth's surface information collection: by field investigation, in representative basin, section setting monitoring belt transect, is then being examined
The different major quadrat of spacing is intercepted out in test sample band, the ecological characteristic of diversiform-leaved poplar inside record major quadrat, including quantity, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, hat
Width, growing way etc. are randomly provided out shrub sample prescription in major quadrat, then record type, quantity, the hat width, base of shrub in sample prescription
Diameter etc. records type, quantity, hat width shrub and the draft of draft in sample prescription finally, being randomly provided draft sample prescription in big plot
The data information of plant is collected simultaneously each major quadrat height above sea level, underground water, pH value, soil moisture content, soil conductivity, soil
The data such as water PH, the degree of mineralization of ground water, underground water buried depth；
Step 2: earth's surface information searching: diversiform-leaved poplar hat width, height, growing way, clear bole height, tree crown careless mistake degree etc. before lookup water delivery
Data, the data such as hat width, cover degree before Chinese tamarisk water delivery and herbal cover degree data, while to the remote sensing image number in the basin
It is believed that breath is collected processing, the data collected in step 1 is compared, the relationship between vegetation and Eco Environmental Factors is obtained, it is bright
The Variation Features of true watershed ecosystem；
Step 3: underground water buried depth measures: laying botanizing to along vertical river direction (being parallel to inspection well trend)
Belt transect, and by sample Ground Split at 4 sample prescriptions, carried out in each sample prescription diversiform-leaved poplar total strain number statistics and diversiform-leaved poplar age and
Radial growth amount record is recorded then to standard branch method is used according to shrub growing way situation and fresh weight in sample prescription, finally right
Herbaceous plant species number, hat width plant height and fresh weight are recorded；
Step 4: information conformity calculation: pair Step 1: information obtained in step 2 and step 3 summarize calculate it is whole
Reason, obtains index of species diversity, importance value and ground biomass, establishes CCA sequence.
Preferably, the monitoring belt transect in step 1, from river 50m, 100m, 150m, 300m, 500m, 750m and
The major quadrat of a 50m × 50m is respectively set in the distance of 1050m, the draft sample of 5 1m × 1m is randomly provided in major quadrat
Just, and in major quadrat it is randomly provided the shrub sample prescription of 3 5m × 5m.
Preferably, in step 2 the processing mode of remote sensing image data information be exactly to remote sensing image carry out geometric correction and
Registration, and visual interpretation and Digitization are carried out to each period remote sensing.
Preferably, remote sensing image data information is examined by Mann-Kendall trend after treatment in step 2
It tests.
Preferably, in step 3 botanizing belt transect with a length of 2000m, using 20 continuous samples of 100m × 100m
Ground composition, and by sample Ground Split at 4 50m × 50m sample prescriptions.
Preferably, in step 3 botanizing belt transect with a length of 2000m, using 20 continuous samples of 100m × 100m
Ground composition, and by sample Ground Split at 4 50m × 50m sample prescriptions.
Preferably, in step 3, using standard branch method, according to shrub growing way situation in sample prescription, by shrub be divided into it is big or middle,
Small three grades records the total number of shrub under every kind of growing way with the hat width of every plant of shrub of tape measure, plant height, chooses 3-5
Standard branch is truncated along bifurcation with saw, and claims fresh weight.
Preferably, 6-8 1m × 1m subquadrat is laid at random respectively in sample prescription diagonal line two sides in step 3, record sample
Species number, hat width plant height in side, then flush with ground cuts aerial part, weighs fresh weight.
According to the vegetation sample of acquisition data, with calculating the various kinds importance value of plant, importance value calculation formula are as follows: important
Value=(relative coverage+relative density+relative altitude)/3.
In order to concentrated expression research area in herbosa's species diversity Variation Features, using Margalef index,
Alatalo index, Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index carry out integration judgement.
(3) beneficial effect
The present invention provides a kind of Ecological Changes data research methods during Engineering of Ecological Water Conveying water delivery.Having following has
Beneficial effect:
(1), Ecological Changes data research method during the Engineering of Ecological Water Conveying water delivery, by Step 1: earth's surface information
Acquisition: by field investigation, then it is different to intercept out spacing in detection belt transect for the section setting monitoring belt transect in representative basin
Major quadrat, the ecological characteristic, including quantity, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, hat width, growing way etc. of record major quadrat inside diversiform-leaved poplar are random in major quadrat
Shrub sample prescription is provided, then records type, quantity, hat width, the base diameter etc. of shrub in sample prescription, finally, random in big plot
Draft sample prescription is set, records type, quantity, hat width shrub and the herbal data information of draft in sample prescription, is collected simultaneously
Each major quadrat height above sea level, underground water, pH value, soil moisture content, soil conductivity, soil water PH, the degree of mineralization of ground water, underground water
The data such as buried depth；Step 2: earth's surface information searching: searching diversiform-leaved poplar hat width, height, growing way, clear bole height, tree crown careless mistake degree before water delivery
Etc. data, the data such as hat width, cover degree before Chinese tamarisk water delivery and herbal cover degree data, while to the remote sensing image in the basin
Data information is collected processing, compares the data collected in step 1, obtains the relationship between vegetation and Eco Environmental Factors,
Specify the Variation Features of watershed ecosystem；Step 3: underground water buried depth measures: (being parallel to observation to along vertical river direction
Well trend) botanizing belt transect is laid, and by sample Ground Split at 4 sample prescriptions, diversiform-leaved poplar total strain number statistics is carried out in each sample prescription,
And age and the radial growth amount record of diversiform-leaved poplar, then to standard branch method is used, according to shrub growing way situation in sample prescription and
Fresh weight is recorded, and is finally recorded to herbaceous plant species number, hat width plant height and fresh weight；Step 4: information integration meter
It calculates: pair Step 1: information obtained in step 2 and step 3 summarize calculating arranges, obtaining index of species diversity, again
It is worth and ground biomass, establishes CCA sequence, it is poor to be adjusted using sampling, and reduction work total amount specifies Ecological Changes data research side
Method obtains information and compares trend graph, and specific information trend is moved towards in formation, solves at present for ecological in Engineering of Ecological Water Conveying
The research of variation can not determine the change direction and sustainable development viewpoint consistency of ecological environment, and in water resource pole
For sensitive arid biogeographic zone, tens cubes of water is used to protect and restore ecology, can not determine function and effect, it is directly right
Large-scale Ecological Changes carry out pool assessment, and workload is very great, and the annual dynamic fluctuation of remote sensing analysis result is huge
Greatly, the problem of information trend moves towards can not be specified.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the TWINSPAN classification chart on the 24 sample ground of section of Yuli District in the lower reaches of Tarim River 4 of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the TWINSPAN classification chart of phytobiocoenose species in Yuli District in the lower reaches of Tarim River of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the displaying table of the environmental factor data after maximum value of the present invention standardization；
Fig. 4 is that the related coefficient between 7 environmental factors of the invention shows table；
Fig. 5 is the CCA two dimension ordering chart of Yuli District in the lower reaches of Tarim River phytobiocoenose.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Please refer to Fig. 1-5, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of technical solution: a kind of Engineering of Ecological Water Conveying water delivery is raw in the process
State delta data research method: specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: earth's surface information collection: by field investigation, in representative basin, section setting monitoring belt transect, is then being examined
The different major quadrat of spacing is intercepted out in test sample band, the ecological characteristic of diversiform-leaved poplar inside record major quadrat, including quantity, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, hat
Width, growing way etc. are randomly provided out shrub sample prescription in major quadrat, then record type, quantity, the hat width, base of shrub in sample prescription
Diameter etc. records type, quantity, hat width shrub and the draft of draft in sample prescription finally, being randomly provided draft sample prescription in big plot
The data information of plant is collected simultaneously each major quadrat height above sea level, underground water, pH value, soil moisture content, soil conductivity, soil
The data such as water PH, the degree of mineralization of ground water, underground water buried depth；
Step 2: earth's surface information searching: diversiform-leaved poplar hat width, height, growing way, clear bole height, tree crown careless mistake degree etc. before lookup water delivery
Data, the data such as hat width, cover degree before Chinese tamarisk water delivery and herbal cover degree data, while to the remote sensing image number in the basin
It is believed that breath is collected processing, the data collected in step 1 is compared, the relationship between vegetation and Eco Environmental Factors is obtained, it is bright
The Variation Features of true watershed ecosystem；
Step 3: underground water buried depth measures: laying botanizing to along vertical river direction (being parallel to inspection well trend)
Belt transect, and by sample Ground Split at 4 sample prescriptions, carried out in each sample prescription diversiform-leaved poplar total strain number statistics and diversiform-leaved poplar age and
Radial growth amount record is recorded then to standard branch method is used according to shrub growing way situation and fresh weight in sample prescription, finally right
Herbaceous plant species number, hat width plant height and fresh weight are recorded；
Step 4: information conformity calculation: pair Step 1: information obtained in step 2 and step 3 summarize calculate it is whole
Reason, obtains index of species diversity, importance value and ground biomass, establishes CCA sequence.
This research is using the more first division methods of TWINSPAN to English Soviet Union, Ka Erdayi, A Lagan, according to dry disconnected not as good as fiber crops 4
Divided with 32 kinds of plants to 24 samples in face.In partition process, all samples it is divided into first with type 0 and 1 liang big
Class, then this two major classes each is partitioned into two classes again, and so on, until the division level for reaching required, selection is most
Divide horizontal is 7 more, and dividing at most classification number every time is 2, firstly, obtaining tower based on the species validation of 24 sample prescriptions
In the Lower Reaches Mu He sample ground TWINSPAN dendrogram, the right side of Fig. 1 be shown using TWINSPAN marks off come 9
A sample ground type, in addition to should belong to except No. 20 samples according to dry not as good as numb section, the classification on remaining sample ground with the cloth of actual profile
If matching, classification results substantially conform to actual conditions.English Soviet Union's section and my dry section belong to same major class, with Ka Erdayi
There is biggish otherness not as good as fiber crops with according to dry.English is revived, and section is nearest from the sub- dewatering outlet in the big Xihai sea, and level of ground water is high；And I is dry
Section is located at the wealthy that river of its text and the river old Tarimhe River Liang Tiao intersection, and water is big, and level of ground water is also higher.The two sections are planted
By more luxuriant than other two sections, plant is with dominances such as diversiform-leaved poplar, Chinese tamarisk, camel thorn, west of a river lettuces, and growing way is preferable, and quantity is more.
In addition to this, other plant such as spends colored bavin, salt sward, swollen fruit Radix to be also distributed.
Ka Erdayi with it is more close according to dry cloth and numb section relationship, the two section water conditions are poor, level of ground water
Lower, vegetation growth status is poor, some sample prescriptions are large stretch of vacant lot.The two sections mainly with diversiform-leaved poplar, Chinese tamarisk, black fruit fructus lycii with
And camel thorn etc. is constructive species.From the result of Fig. 1 can also be seen that away from the farther away sample in riverbank with away from the closer sample in riverbank also
It significantly demarcates and.If English is revived section broken identity distance riverbank farther away 4,5, No. 6 samples with away from riverbank closer 1,2, No. 3 samples
It divides the 3rd and is separated at level, reflected away from the difference between the difference lateral distance loading ground of riverbank.Wherein, 4,5, No. 6 samples ground ground
Several table is wind erosion bare land, and almost without diversiform-leaved poplar distribution, the growing way of Chinese tamarisk extremely decays, in the visible a small amount of reed of Chinese tamarisk shrubbery base portion
Reed or camel thorn undesirable root.Other sections also have similar landscape.
The result divided using TWINSPAN to 32 kinds of floristics is shown in the right side of Fig. 2.It is broadly divided into 3 types
Group: group I has 7 kinds, including kind 1,2,11,15,18,22 and 24；Group II has 6 kinds, including kind 5,9,20,23,27 and 31；Group III
There are 19 kinds, including kind 3,4,6,7,8,10,12,13,14,16,17,19,21,25,26,28,29,30 and 32.Wherein organize III
The frequency of occurrence that included most of types in sample are planted is lower.Since TWINSPAN classification is mainly based on floristics
Data, therefore the influence of environmental factor is not considered the division of type.
Soil moisture content and underground water buried depth are in extremely significant negatively correlated (- 0.860), soil it can be seen from Fig. 3 and Fig. 4
Conductivity and soil moisture content are also in significant negatively correlated (- 0.677)；Soil conductivity and height above sea level, the degree of mineralization of ground water and underground
The presentations such as water PH are significantly negatively correlated, and related coefficient is respectively -0.481 and -0.410；The degree of mineralization of ground water and height above sea level, the soil water
PH and soil conductivity, underground water buried depth and soil conductivity, underground water buried depth and soil water PH etc. are in extremely significant positive correlation, phase
Relationship number is respectively 0.611,0.566,0.747 and 0.705, is thus illustrated, water salt dynamic and its interaction are to influence the ground
The principal element of area's environmental factor variation.
In Fig. 5, the type of " Δ " plant, type representated by number is identical as in Fig. 2.In ordering chart, environment
The factor indicates that the length of line indicates the size of floristics distribution and the Relationship To Environmental Factors, arrow with the line segment with arrow
The angle of head line and sequence axis indicates the size of the environmental factor with the axis correlation that sorts, and the direction of arrow meaning indicates the ring
The variation tendency of the border factor.When analysis, the vertical line of a certain species Yu environmental factor line can be made, vertical line and environment because
Sub- line crosspoint is closer from arrow, indicates that the positive correlation of the species and such factor of the habitat is bigger, then in the other end
Indicate that the negative correlation having with such environmental factor is bigger.From figure 3, it can be seen that individual species, such as species 12 and 26, object
There is overlapping phenomenon due to " crowded " in the graphic in kind 8 and 30, species 19 and 29.
Floristics and environmental factor arrow reflect floristic distribution along the gradient side of each environmental factor jointly
To variation characteristic, first sequence axis and the degree of mineralization of ground water, underground water PH be positively correlated (0.5031,0.4279), with soil
Moisture content is negatively correlated (- 0.4362)；Second sequence axis and soil conductivity, soil water PH be positively correlated (0.6745,
0.5370), negatively correlated (0.4671,0.4824) with underground water buried depth, height above sea level.
From figure 5 it can be seen that first quartile and the second quadrant, which are divided into, is furnished with 16 kinds of plants, whole species are accounted for
50%, the distribution of these plants and underground water buried depth are in opposite direction, show these plant distributions area shallower in level of ground water
9 kinds of plants are distributed in domain, third quadrant, these plants are influenced by the soil water, and preferably, fourth quadrant is due to underground water for growth
With the influence of height above sea level, plant distributions are minimum, it can be seen that, moisture condition is an important factor for influencing this area's plant distributions.It removes
Other than this, pH value, soil conductivity, the salinity also stronger Distribution Pattern for affecting this area vegetation, most samples with plant
Species are intended to the directional spreding that pH value, soil conductivity, salinity reduce.
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second and the like are used merely to a reality
Body or operation are distinguished with another entity or operation, are deposited without necessarily requiring or implying between these entities or operation
In any actual relationship or order or sequence.Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to
Non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements is not only wanted including those
Element, but also including other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, article or equipment
Intrinsic element.In the absence of more restrictions.By sentence " element limited including one ..., it is not excluded that
There is also other identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus that includes the element ".
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of variations, modification, replacement can be carried out to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of Ecological Changes data research method during Engineering of Ecological Water Conveying water delivery, it is characterised in that: specifically include following
Step:
Step 1: earth's surface information collection: passing through field investigation, the section setting monitoring belt transect in representative basin, then in detection sample
The different major quadrat of spacing is intercepted out in band, the ecological characteristic of diversiform-leaved poplar inside record major quadrat, including quantity, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, hat width, length
Gesture etc. is randomly provided out shrub sample prescription in major quadrat, then records type, quantity, hat width, the base diameter etc. of shrub in sample prescription,
Finally, being randomly provided draft sample prescription in big plot, type, quantity, hat width shrub and the herbaceous plant of draft in sample prescription are recorded
Data information, be collected simultaneously each major quadrat height above sea level, underground water, pH value, soil moisture content, soil conductivity, soil water PH,
The data such as the degree of mineralization of ground water, underground water buried depth；
Step 2: earth's surface information searching: the data such as diversiform-leaved poplar hat width, height, growing way, clear bole height, tree crown careless mistake degree before lookup water delivery,
The data such as hat width, cover degree before Chinese tamarisk water delivery and herbal cover degree data, while the remote sensing image data in the basin is believed
Breath is collected processing, compares the data collected in step 1, obtains the relationship between vegetation and Eco Environmental Factors, clearly flow
The Variation Features of the domain ecosystem；
Step 3: underground water buried depth measures: botanizing belt transect is laid to along vertical river direction (being parallel to inspection well trend),
And by sample Ground Split at 4 sample prescriptions, age and the radial direction that diversiform-leaved poplar total strain number statistics and diversiform-leaved poplar are carried out in each sample prescription are raw
Long amount record is recorded then to standard branch method is used according to shrub growing way situation and fresh weight in sample prescription, is finally planted to draft
Object species number, hat width plant height and fresh weight are recorded；
Step 4: information conformity calculation: pair Step 1: information obtained in step 2 and step 3 summarize calculating arranges,
Index of species diversity, importance value and ground biomass are obtained, CCA sequence is established.
2. Ecological Changes data research method during a kind of Engineering of Ecological Water Conveying water delivery according to claim 1, special
Sign is: the monitoring belt transect in step 1, on a distance from river 50m, 100m, 150m, 300m, 500m, 750m and 1050m
The major quadrat of a 50m × 50m is respectively set, the draft sample prescription of 5 1m × 1m is randomly provided in major quadrat, and in full-page proof
The shrub sample prescription of 3 5m × 5m is randomly provided in side.
3. Ecological Changes data research method during a kind of Engineering of Ecological Water Conveying water delivery according to claim 1, special
Sign is: in step 2 the processing mode of remote sensing image data information be exactly geometric correction and registration are carried out to remote sensing image, and
Visual interpretation and Digitization are carried out to each period remote sensing.
4. Ecological Changes data research method during a kind of Engineering of Ecological Water Conveying water delivery according to claim 1, special
Sign is: remote sensing image data information is tested by Mann-Kendall trend after treatment in step 2.
5. Ecological Changes data research method during a kind of Engineering of Ecological Water Conveying water delivery according to claim 1, special
Sign is: in step 3 botanizing belt transect with a length of 2000m, using 100m × 100m 20 continuous samples form, and
And by sample Ground Split at 4 50m × 50m sample prescriptions.
6. Ecological Changes data research method during a kind of Engineering of Ecological Water Conveying water delivery according to claim 1, special
Sign is: measuring the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, hat spoke and the plant height of every plant of diversiform-leaved poplar in step 3 respectively using tape measure and altitude meter, then takes " ten
Word interior extrapolation method " obtains the tree ring sample core at the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground with growth cone, takes back the age that every plant of diversiform-leaved poplar is obtained after laboratory air-dries
And radial growth amount.
7. Ecological Changes data research method during a kind of Engineering of Ecological Water Conveying water delivery according to claim 1, special
Sign is: in step 3, using standard branch method, according to shrub growing way situation in sample prescription, shrub being divided into large, medium and small three etc.
Grade records the total number of shrub under every kind of growing way with the hat width of every plant of shrub of tape measure, plant height, chooses 3-5 standard branch,
It is truncated with saw along bifurcation, and claims fresh weight.
8. Ecological Changes data research method during a kind of Engineering of Ecological Water Conveying water delivery according to claim 1, special
Sign is: laying 6-8 1m × 1m subquadrat at random respectively in sample prescription diagonal line two sides in step 3, records species in subquadrat
Number, hat width plant height, then flush with ground cuts aerial part, weighs fresh weight.
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