CN110441125B - Device and method for simulating ballistic impact and monitoring in real time by using linear pulse laser - Google Patents
Device and method for simulating ballistic impact and monitoring in real time by using linear pulse laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN110441125B CN110441125B CN201910635121.6A CN201910635121A CN110441125B CN 110441125 B CN110441125 B CN 110441125B CN 201910635121 A CN201910635121 A CN 201910635121A CN 110441125 B CN110441125 B CN 110441125B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for simulating ballistic impact by using linear pulse laser and monitoring in real time, wherein the device comprises a laser output module, a material testing simulation module and a monitoring module, the laser output module is used for outputting required laser and shaping the laser into linear laser for exciting a linear sound wave source on the surface of a sample material, the material simulating testing module is used for simulating ballistic impact test of the material by using the laser, and the monitoring module is used for monitoring the propagation process of generated shock waves and the damage condition of the material after the sample material is impacted by the laser in real time. Compared with the traditional bullet-based ballistic impact test, the method has the advantages of rapidness, economy, high experimental repeatability, collection of microscopic transient process information and the like, and can reduce the dependence on the actual ballistic impact test in the early iterative design stage of design and development of the armor material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ballistic impact simulation, in particular to a device and a method for simulating ballistic impact and monitoring in real time by using linear pulse laser.
Background
From armors for defending against knife and sword injuries in ancient war to modern high-performance body armor with functions of bulletproof, camouflage and the like, from bulletproof shields for body defense to bulletproof combat vehicles for long-distance operation, the vigorous development of bulletproof armors provides powerful guarantee for life and property safety of the outfits. In recent years, the development of high-efficiency, lightweight and economical armor materials has become a research hotspot in various military and strong countries.
In order to verify the reliability of the material, it is generally required to perform comprehensive tests on various properties. The important one of which is to perform impact resistance testing. Although the traditional test based on the high-speed ballistic impact generated by bullets, shells and explosives can evaluate the impact resistance of armor materials according to the damage degree of the materials, the test is long in time consumption and high in cost, only the final test result can be obtained, the micro transient process information is difficult to collect, and the comprehensive and deep analysis of candidate materials is not facilitated. Meanwhile, in armor material design development, it is impractical to perform comprehensive impact tests for a variety of early design iterations, and an alternative simulation test method must be found to reduce the dependence of early design on ballistic impact testing. Laser light has four inherent characteristics: monochromaticity, coherence, directionality and high energy density, the laser processing technology is more and more emphasized by people with the requirements of production practice application. The laser processing has the characteristics and advantages of small heat affected zone, good beam directivity, capability of focusing a beam spot to a wavelength level, capability of carrying out selective processing and precise processing and the like. In China, simulation under extreme conditions by using laser is precedent. For example, the invention patent CN201811448259 is a simulation device for simulating a real fire impact environment of an aerospace product by using laser. However, dynamic loading of rapid temperature rise and high strain rate in the process of simulating ballistic impact by using linear pulse laser is not precedent at home and abroad, ballistic impact test simulation is carried out on armor materials, and an optical monitoring instrument is used for carrying out real-time monitoring on the simulation process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for simulating ballistic impact and monitoring in real time by using linear pulse laser aiming at the corresponding defects of the prior art, which improve the simulation capability of ballistic impact resistance test of armor materials.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following scheme: the invention provides a device for simulating ballistic impact by using linear pulse laser and monitoring in real time, which comprises a laser output module, a material testing simulation module and a monitoring module, wherein the laser output module is used for outputting required laser and shaping the laser into linear laser for exciting a linear sound wave source on the surface of a sample material, the material simulating testing module is used for simulating ballistic impact test of the material by using the laser, and the monitoring module is used for monitoring the propagation process of generated shock waves and the damage condition of the material after the sample material is impacted by the laser in real time.
Furthermore, the laser output module comprises a pulse laser, an optical parametric amplifier and a shaping lens, the pulse laser and the optical parametric amplifier are respectively connected with the laser output system, the laser output system controls the pulse laser to output laser with corresponding frequency and pulse width according to the difference of the size, the quality and the speed of the simulated bullet, and controls and changes the output wavelength of the laser, and the shaping lens is used for shaping the laser output by the optical parametric amplifier into linear laser so as to excite a linear sound wave source on the surface of the material testing simulation module.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a first reflecting mirror and a second reflecting mirror, and the laser beam output by the pulse laser enters the optical parametric amplifier through the first reflecting mirror; and linear laser output by the shaping lens enters the material testing simulation module through the second reflecting mirror to be tested and simulated.
Furthermore, the material testing simulation module comprises an impact simulation chamber for fixing a testing material, and a laser input hole and a monitoring hole are arranged on one side surface of the impact simulation chamber; the inner wall of the impact simulation chamber is coated with light-absorbing paint; an object stage for fixing a test material is fixed on the inner wall of the impact simulation chamber; a protective plate is fixed on the side surface of the impact simulation chamber, on which the objective table is fixed; the object stage is a movable object stage.
Furthermore, the impact simulation chamber is built by high-strength alloy; the top of the impact simulation chamber is provided with a flip door; the movable objective table is fixed on the protection plate; the side face of the impact simulation chamber for fixing the test material is opposite to the side face provided with the laser input hole and the monitoring hole.
Further, the sample material comprises a protective material, wherein a light absorption coating is adhered to the surface of the protective material, so that when laser impacts the light absorption coating on the surface of the protective material, the material is vaporized in a very short time to form a high-temperature and high-pressure plasma layer, and a linear sound wave source is excited on the surface of the material; transparent glass is covered on the surface of the protective material to serve as a restraint layer for restraining sputtered plasma plumes on the surface of the protective plate, and the light absorption coating is located between the surface of the protective material and the restraint layer.
Furthermore, the monitoring module comprises a raman spectrometer, a spectroscope, a mixing interferometer and an ultrafast camera, wherein the spectroscope is used for dividing signal light fed back by the material simulation testing module into a plurality of parts, a part of light enters the raman spectrometer to obtain a raman spectrum of the material, and further analyzing the surface temperature and internal phase change of the material, a part of light is reflected by a dichroscope (also called a dichroscope) to enter the ultrafast camera, interference fringes are imaged along a sound wave propagation direction to obtain surface morphology change and a shock wave propagation process of the sample material, a part of light enters the mixing interferometer through the dichroscope, an ultrasonic waveform generated along the sound wave propagation direction is monitored in real time, and surface melting caused by laser pulses is monitored. And a third reflector is arranged on a light path between the dichroic mirror and the ultrafast camera.
Furthermore, the device also comprises an air-floating optical platform, and the whole device is fixed on the air-floating optical platform; to ensure the stability of the simulation device. Each lens of the whole set of device is provided with a protective cover, and a laser light path of the whole set of device is provided with a protective pipeline, so that laser is transmitted in the protective pipeline.
The invention also provides a method for simulating ballistic impact and monitoring in real time by using the linear pulse laser, which comprises the following steps:
preparing a sample material, placing the prepared sample material into an impact simulation chamber for fixing, controlling a laser output module to output laser with set power through a laser output system before formal testing is started, observing the size of linear laser in the impact simulation chamber, moving the position of a shaping lens, adjusting the action range of the linear laser, focusing the linear laser on an absorption layer on the surface of the sample material, closing the laser output of the laser output module after adjustment is finished, and closing the impact simulation chamber;
after the bullet is ready, controlling a laser output module to output laser with corresponding frequency, pulse width and wavelength through a laser output system according to the difference of the size, the quality and the speed of the simulated bullet;
opening the monitoring module, then opening the gate of the laser output module, outputting a laser beam by the laser output module, entering the material testing simulation module and impacting a sample material, impacting a light absorption coating on the surface of the protective material by the laser, vaporizing the material in a very short time to form a high-temperature and high-pressure plasma layer, and rapidly ejecting the plasma layer outwards;
meanwhile, feedback signal light emitted by the material after being impacted by laser enters the spectroscope, a part of light enters the Raman spectrometer to obtain a Raman spectrum of the material, the other part of light enters the ultrafast camera through the dichroic mirror for reflecting, imaging interference fringes along the sound wave propagation direction, and further obtaining the surface morphology change and the shock wave propagation process of the sample material, and a part of light enters the mixing interferometer through the dichroic mirror to monitor the ultrasonic wave form generated along the sound wave propagation direction in real time, further monitor the surface melting caused by laser pulse, monitor the generation and propagation processes of the sound wave and the shock wave in the armor material in real time, and monitor the damage evolution process of phase change, delamination and fracture of the material;
the prepared sample material is placed on a movable objective table in an impact simulation chamber and fixed, if the protective performance of different parts of the sample material needs to be measured, the laser output gate can be closed through the control of a laser output system, the movable objective table in a material testing simulation module is controlled, the position of the sample material is adjusted, the laser output gate is opened again after the position of the sample material is adjusted to a proper position, and the simulation steps are repeated.
All feedback information is measured at nanosecond time resolution.
The invention has the advantages that: the device for simulating ballistic impact by using linear pulse laser and monitoring in real time comprises a laser output module, a material testing simulation module, a monitoring module and a series of optical lenses, wherein the laser output module is used for outputting required laser and shaping the laser into linear laser for exciting a linear sound wave source on the surface of a material. The material simulation test module is used for simulating the ballistic impact test of the armor bulletproof material by using laser. The monitoring module is used for monitoring the propagation process of the generated shock wave and the damage condition of the material after the armored bulletproof material is impacted by laser in real time. The device for simulating and monitoring the impact test of the high-precision trajectory with the structure in real time realizes the accurate simulation, test and analysis of the impact process and the damage condition of the armor bulletproof material under the real trajectory condition.
The laser output module consists of a pulse laser, an optical parametric amplifier and a shaping lens. According to the different sizes, qualities and speeds of simulated bullets, the pulse laser and the optical parametric amplifier can be controlled by the laser output system, and the parameters of energy, wavelength, pulse width, frequency and the like of output laser are changed. The shaping lens can shape the laser into linear laser to excite a linear sound wave source on the surface of the material, and the focal position of the linear laser acting on the sample material can be adjusted by controlling the distance between the shaping lens and the material simulation test module. The adjusted laser enters a material testing simulation module through a reflector to be tested and simulated.
The material testing simulation module consists of an impact simulation chamber, a protection plate and a movable object stage. The impact simulation chamber is built by high-strength alloy, two holes are formed in the front of the impact simulation chamber and are respectively used as a laser input hole and a monitoring hole, and light absorption coatings are coated on the inner wall of the impact simulation chamber, so that potential risks possibly caused by strong light scattering in the simulation process, phase change of sample materials, breakage and the like can be prevented. The top of the impact simulation chamber is provided with a flip door, so that a test sample can be observed and taken conveniently. The protection plate is vertically placed on one side, far away from the input hole, of the impact simulation chamber, so that support can be provided for the movable object stage, and damage to follow-up personnel or equipment caused by laser breakdown of a sample and the movable object stage under extreme test conditions can be prevented. The movable stage is fixed on the protective plate and is used for fixing the test material and adjusting the position of the test sample according to the requirement. The sample material is composed of a protective material, an absorbing layer and a constraining layer. The surface of the protective material is adhered with the light absorption coating, and the movable object stage is adjusted to focus the laser beam on the light absorption coating, so that the phenomena of fracture, lamination and the like are ensured. The coated transparent glass is covered on the surface of the protective material to be used as a restraint layer, and sputtered plasma plumes can be restrained on the surface of the protective plate. After laser enters the material testing simulation module, the laser passes through the transparent restraint layer to impact the light absorption coating on the surface of the protective material, and the material is vaporized in a very short time to form a high-temperature and high-pressure plasma layer. Linear sound wave sources are excited on the surface of the material, and the nonlinear sound waves and shock waves excited by the linear sound wave sources can realize the fracture and the spalling of the protective material and simulate the ballistic impact test process of an actual bullet. The whole process is monitored by a monitoring module.
The monitoring module consists of a Raman spectrometer, a mixing interferometer and an ultrafast camera. After the sample material is impacted by the laser, the signal light fed back in the material testing simulation process passes through the spectroscope. And (3) allowing a part of light to enter a Raman spectrometer to obtain a Raman spectrum of the material, and further analyzing the surface temperature, the internal phase change and the like of the material. And a part of light enters the ultrafast camera through the reflection of the dichroic mirror, and images interference fringes along the sound wave propagation direction, so that the surface form change and the shock wave propagation process of the sample material are obtained. And a part of light enters the mixing interferometer through the dichroic mirror, and ultrasonic waveforms generated along the sound wave propagation direction are monitored in real time, so that surface melting caused by laser pulses is monitored. All the feedback information is measured at nanosecond time resolution. The method can monitor the generation and propagation processes of sound waves and shock waves in the armor material in real time, and the damage evolution process of phase change, delamination and fracture of the material. After obtaining a series of measured information, the reliability of the material as an armor bulletproof material can be specifically analyzed.
The laser light path of the whole device is in the cylindrical protection pipeline, and the lens is placed in the protection cover. The method can reduce the potential danger of high-power laser in a laser output module and a material processing module, and can also reduce the influence of the external environment on a monitoring module on a monitoring signal.
The method utilizes the pulse laser to simulate the rapid temperature rise and the dynamic loading of high strain rate in the ballistic impact, and has good consistency with the real ballistic impact. Compared with the traditional bullet-based ballistic impact testing method, the method has the advantages of rapidness, economy, high experimental repeatability, collection of microscopic transient process information and the like. The method can lead the armor material to reduce the dependence on ballistic impact test in the early iterative design stage of design and development. The efficiency of earlier development of the armor material is improved, and a new choice is provided for the armor material in the final inspection stage.
The invention combines a series of advanced monitoring and characterizing instruments of a Raman spectrometer, a mixing interferometer and an ultrafast camera. Under the nanosecond time resolution, the surface morphological change and the shock wave propagation process of the sample material can be observed in real time by using an ultrafast camera; and the microstructure characterization of the armor bulletproof material can be carried out by utilizing a Raman spectrometer and a mixing interferometer, and the detailed information of stress, strain, phase change, spalling and the like of the microstructure from the surface of the material to the inside of the material in the ballistic impact test process can be known in detail. The two are combined and mutually verified, so that the comprehensive and reliable monitoring information is ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for simulating ballistic impact and monitoring in real time by using a linear pulse laser according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a material testing simulation module and a sample of an apparatus for simulating ballistic impact and monitoring in real time by using a linear pulse laser according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural position diagram of a shaping lens, a mirror and a sample material of an apparatus for simulating ballistic impact and monitoring in real time by using a linear pulse laser according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a control system of an apparatus for simulating ballistic impact and monitoring in real time by using a linear pulsed laser according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawing, 1 is a pulse laser, 2 is an optical parametric amplifier, 3 is a shaping lens, 41 is a first reflector, 42 is a second reflector, 43 is a third reflector, 5 is a nonlinear acoustic wave, 6 is a spectroscope, 7 is an impact simulation chamber, 8 is a raman spectrometer, 9 is an ultrafast camera, 10 is a mixing interferometer, 11 is a sample material, 12 is a protection pipeline, 13 is a protection cover, 14 is a laser beam, 15 is feedback signal light, 16 is a mobile object stage, 17 is a protection plate, 18 is a constraint layer, 19 is an absorption layer, 20 is a laser action part, 21 is a protection material, and 22 is a dichroic mirror.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 to 3 are schematic design diagrams of an apparatus for simulating ballistic impact and monitoring in real time by using a linear pulse laser according to an embodiment of the present invention. The whole body of the device is divided into three parts, namely a laser output module, a material testing simulation module and a monitoring module. The laser output module outputs required specific laser to the material testing simulation module, the material testing simulation module utilizes pulse laser to carry out trajectory impact simulation, and the trajectory impact simulation process is monitored and recorded in real time by the monitoring module. The laser output module is used for outputting required laser and shaping the laser into linear laser to excite a linear sound wave source on the surface of a sample material, the material simulation test module is used for simulating ballistic impact test of the material by using the laser, and the monitoring module is used for monitoring the propagation process of the generated shock wave and the damage condition of the material after the sample material is impacted by the laser in real time.
In the above embodiment, the laser output module mainly comprises a pulse laser 1, an optical parametric amplifier 2 and a shaping lens 3. The shaping lens 3 of the present embodiment may employ a cylindrical lens. The laser enters from one side of the cylindrical lens, is condensed by the cylindrical lens and then is emitted from the other side. Before ballistic impact simulation, parameters such as appropriate laser power, wavelength, pulse width and frequency are selected according to information such as the size, mass and speed of a bullet to be simulated. And then the laser output system is used for controlling parameters such as pulse width, power, frequency and the like of the laser output by the pulse laser 1. The laser emitted by the pulse laser 1 passes through the first reflector 41, enters the optical parametric amplifier 2, and is controlled by the laser output system to change the wavelength of the output laser. The laser beam optimized by the optical parametric amplifier 2 is shaped into a linear laser by the shaping lens 3, and then reflected to the material testing simulation module by the second reflecting mirror 42 to perform ballistic impact simulation.
Preferably, the focal point of the linear laser light can be adjusted to focus on the surface of the sample material 11 by changing the position of the shaping lens 3 from the optical parametric amplifier 2, so as to reduce the influence on the focal point position of the linear laser light due to sample thickness and the like. Before formally starting ballistic impact simulation, instruments of a monitoring module are closed, a pulse laser 1 and an optical parametric amplifier 2 are opened, extremely-low-power laser with any pulse width, frequency and wavelength is output, and a cover plate of an impact simulation chamber 7 is opened. Observing the action range of the linear laser, and adjusting the position of the shaping lens 3 back and forth to obtain the proper action range of the linear laser. And after the adjustment is finished, closing the cover plate of the impact simulation chamber 7, closing the laser output module, and opening the monitoring module to monitor the trajectory impact simulation process of the material in real time.
Preferably, the laser light path of the whole device is in the cylindrical protective pipe 12, and the lens is placed in the protective cover 13. The potential danger of high-power laser in a laser output module and a material processing module can be reduced, and the influence of an external environment monitoring module on a monitoring signal can be reduced.
Preferably, the impact simulation chamber 7 is made of high-strength alloy, the front opening is respectively used as a laser input hole and a monitoring hole, and the inner wall is coated with light absorption coating, so that potential risks possibly caused by strong light in the processing process and phase change, breakage and the like of a sample material can be prevented. The top of the impact simulation chamber is provided with a flip door, so that a test sample can be observed and taken conveniently.
Preferably, the sample material 11 is composed of a protective material 21, an absorbent layer 18, and a constraining layer 19. The surface of the protective material 11 is adhered with a light absorption coating, and linear laser is focused on the light absorption coating by adjusting the positions of the movable objective table 16 and the shaping lens 3, so that the phenomena of fracture, lamination and the like are ensured. The coated transparent glass is covered on the surface of the protective material to be used as a restraint layer, and sputtered plasma plumes can be restrained on the surface of the protective plate.
In the above embodiment, the material testing module is composed of the shielding plate 17, the moving stage 16, and the impact simulation chamber 7. The laser light is reflected by the second reflecting mirror 42 and enters the impact simulation chamber 7 to impact the sample material 11 in front. The high-power-density and short-pulse intense laser penetrates through the light absorption coating 19 on the surface of the transparent restraint layer to impact the protective material, the material is vaporized in a very short time to form a high-temperature and high-pressure plasma layer 20, the plasma layer 20 is rapidly sprayed outwards, the expansion of the plasma 20 is limited due to the existence of the restraint layer 18, the pressure of the plasma is rapidly increased, and as a result, the plasma is applied to the protective material 21 to carry out impact loading, so that a linear sound wave source is excited on the surface of the material, and the nonlinear sound wave 5 and the shock wave excited by the linear sound wave source can realize the fracture and the delamination of the double-layer armor protective material. Thereby simulating the process of the material being impacted by a bullet. The movable object stage adopts an electric object stage. The electric object stage is electrically connected with the object stage control system, and the object stage control system is used for receiving instructions to control the electric object stage to move the test sample.
In the above embodiment, the monitoring module is composed of a raman spectrometer 8, a mixing interferometer 9, and an ultrafast camera 10. After the protective material is impacted by laser, the signal light 15 passes through the spectroscope 6 from the monitoring hole, and a part of light enters the Raman spectrometer 8 to obtain a Raman spectrum of the material, so that the surface temperature, the internal phase change and the like of the material are analyzed. A part of the light is reflected by the dichroic mirror 22 to enter the ultrafast camera 10, and the interference fringes are imaged along the propagation direction of the sound wave, so that the surface morphology change and the shock wave propagation process of the sample material are obtained. A part of the light enters the mixing interferometer 9 through the dichroic mirror 22, and the ultrasonic waveform generated along the propagation direction of the acoustic wave is monitored in real time, thereby monitoring the surface melting caused by the laser pulse. When the sample material is subjected to ballistic impact simulation, the sample material can be monitored by using an ultrafast camera and a mixing interferometer. After the ballistic impact simulation is finished, the Raman spectrometer can be used for monitoring. All the feedback information is measured at nanosecond time resolution. The method can monitor the generation and propagation processes of sound waves and shock waves in the armor material in real time, and the damage evolution process of phase change, delamination and fracture of the material. After a series of measured information is obtained, the reliability of the armor protective material can be specifically analyzed. A third mirror 43 is arranged on the light path between the dichroic mirror and the ultrafast camera.
Preferably, dichroic mirror 22 is fixed by the wavelength of the light to the wavelength of the light emitted by the mixer interferometer.
As shown in fig. 4, the present invention can also be matched with a set of control system, where the control system includes a master control system and subsystems, where the subsystems include a laser output system, a stage control system and a monitoring system, and the master control system can receive manual operation and send control instructions to the subsystems as required, for example, send instructions to the laser output system to change the pulse width, energy and frequency of laser output by a pulse laser; and sending an instruction to the optical parametric amplifier to change the wavelength of the output laser. For another example, instructions are sent to control the moving stage to move the test sample.
With this apparatus, the sample material was tested for its ability to act as a ballistic armor material and the test procedure was monitored. A method for simulating ballistic impact and monitoring in real time by using linear pulse laser comprises the following steps:
step one; and (5) a test preparation stage. The sample material 11 was prepared by treating the sample material in advance, covering it with a material such as aluminum foil or black tape as a light absorbing layer, and then attaching a layer of K9 glass having a thickness of 1cm as a constraining layer to the absorbing layer. The cover of the impact simulation chamber 7 is opened and the processed sample material 11 is placed on the moving stage 16 in the impact simulation chamber 7 and fixed. A pulse laser 1 and an optical parametric amplifier 2 in a laser output system of the device respectively adopt a CARBIDE pulse laser and an ORPHEUS-HP optical parametric amplifier. The output power of the pulse laser is 0-40W, and the output wavelength is 1030 nm. The pulse laser and the optical parametric amplifier are provided with gates, and the laser output can be cut off under the condition that the pulse laser continuously operates. Before the beginning of the formal test, the pulse laser 1 is controlled by the laser output system to output low-energy laser with the power of 0.1W, the size of the linear laser is observed in the impact simulation chamber 7, the position of the shaping lens 3 is moved according to the factors such as the thickness of the sample material, and the action range of the linear laser is adjusted, so that the linear laser is focused on the surface absorption layer of the sample material 11. After the adjustment is finished, the laser output of the laser output module is closed, and the cover plate of the impact simulation chamber 7 is closed. The laser light path of the whole device is in a cylindrical protection pipeline with the diameter of 3cm, the shaping lens is placed in a cuboid protection cover with the length of 20cm x 8cm, and the rest lenses are placed in a cuboid protection cover with the side length of 8 cm. The protective plate 17 is 20cm × 20cm long and wide and 1.0cm thick, and ensures that laser breakdown does not occur.
Step two: after the bullet is ready, according to factors such as the size, the quality and the speed of the bullet to be simulated, the pulse laser 1 is controlled by the laser output system to output laser with corresponding frequency and pulse width, a laser beam enters the optical parametric amplifier 2 through the reflector 4, and the output wavelength of the laser is controlled and changed by the laser output system. The output laser beam has been used to simulate the impact of a particular bullet on a material.
Step three: the optical monitoring instrument is opened, the gate of the laser output module is opened, and the laser beam is output by the laser output module, enters the material testing simulation module through the second reflecting mirror 42 and impacts the sample material. The high-power-density and short-pulse intense laser penetrates through the black adhesive tape and the aluminum foil on the surface of the K9 glass impact protective material, a high-temperature and high-pressure plasma layer 20 is formed in a vaporization mode in a very short time, the plasma layer 20 is rapidly sprayed outwards, due to the existence of K9 glass, the expansion of the plasma 20 is limited, the pressure is rapidly increased, and as a result, impact loading is applied to the sample material, so that a linear sound wave source is excited on the surface of the sample material, and the nonlinear sound wave and the shock wave excited by the linear sound wave can realize the fracture and the delamination of the sample material. Thereby simulating the process of the material being impacted by a bullet.
Step four: meanwhile, the feedback signal light 15 emitted after the material trajectory is impacted by the laser enters the spectroscope 6. And a part of light enters the Raman spectrometer 8 to further obtain the Raman spectrum of the material, but the Raman spectrometer does not operate at the moment, so that the influence of strong light during simulation on the Raman spectrum is prevented. And the other part of light is reflected by the dichroic mirror 22 to enter the ultrafast camera 10, and the interference fringes are imaged along the sound wave propagation direction, so that the surface morphology change and the shock wave propagation process of the sample material 11 are obtained. A part of the light enters the mixing interferometer 9 through the dichroic mirror 22, and the ultrasonic waveform generated along the propagation direction of the acoustic wave is monitored in real time, thereby monitoring the surface melting caused by the laser pulse. After the simulation is finished, the raman spectrometer 8 can be turned on to perform raman spectrum characterization on the sample material 11. And the sample can be moved by moving the stage 16 to measure raman spectra at different locations. All the feedback information is measured at nanosecond time resolution. The method can monitor the generation and propagation processes of sound waves and shock waves in the armor material in real time, and the damage evolution process of phase change, delamination and fracture of the material. After a series of measured information is obtained, it can be specifically analyzed.
Step five: if the protection performance of different parts of the protection material needs to be simulated, the laser output gate can be closed under the control of a computer, the movable objective table 16 in the material testing module is controlled, and the position of the sample material 11 is adjusted. After adjusting to the appropriate position, the laser output gate is opened again and the simulation procedure described above is repeated.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it is apparent that those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an utilize linear pulse laser simulation ballistic impact and real-time supervision's device which characterized in that: the laser simulation test system comprises a laser output module, a material test simulation module and a monitoring module, wherein the laser output module is used for outputting required laser and shaping the laser into linear laser for exciting a linear sound wave source on the surface of a sample material, the material simulation test module is used for simulating ballistic impact test of the material by using the laser, and the monitoring module is used for monitoring the propagation process of the generated shock wave and the damage condition of the material after the sample material is impacted by the laser in real time;
the monitoring module comprises a Raman spectrometer, a spectroscope, a mixing interferometer and an ultrafast camera, wherein the spectroscope is used for dividing signal light fed back by the material simulation testing module into a plurality of parts, one part of light enters the Raman spectrometer to obtain a Raman spectrum of a material and further analyze the surface temperature and internal phase change of the material, one part of light is reflected by the dichroic mirror to enter the ultrafast camera and image interference fringes along the sound wave propagation direction to obtain the surface form change of the sample material and the propagation process of shock waves, one part of light enters the mixing interferometer through the dichroic mirror, the ultrasonic waveform generated along the sound wave propagation direction is monitored in real time, and surface melting caused by laser pulses is monitored;
the sample material comprises a protective material, wherein a light absorption coating is adhered to the surface of the protective material, so that when laser impacts the light absorption coating on the surface of the protective material, the material is vaporized in a very short time to form a high-temperature and high-pressure plasma layer, a linear sound wave source is excited on the surface of the material, transparent glass is covered and coated on the surface of the protective material to serve as a constraint layer and used for constraining sputtered plasma plumes on the surface of a protective plate, and the light absorption coating is located between the surface of the protective material and the constraint layer.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the laser output module comprises a pulse laser, an optical parametric amplifier and a shaping lens, the pulse laser and the optical parametric amplifier are respectively connected with a laser output system, the laser output system controls the pulse laser to output laser with corresponding frequency and pulse width and controls and changes the output wavelength of the laser according to the difference of the size, the quality and the speed of the simulated bullet, and the shaping lens is used for shaping the laser output by the optical parametric amplifier into linear laser so as to excite a linear sound wave source on the surface of the material testing simulation module.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the laser beam output by the pulse laser enters the optical parametric amplifier through the first reflector; and linear laser output by the shaping lens enters the material testing simulation module through the second reflecting mirror to be tested and simulated.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the material testing simulation module comprises an impact simulation chamber for fixing a testing material, and a laser input hole and a monitoring hole are formed in one side surface of the impact simulation chamber; the inner wall of the impact simulation chamber is coated with light-absorbing paint; an object stage for fixing a test material is fixed on the inner wall of the impact simulation chamber; a protective plate is fixed on the side surface of the impact simulation chamber, on which the objective table is fixed; the objective table is a movable objective table, and the movable objective table is connected with an objective table control system.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the impact simulation chamber is built by high-strength alloy; the top of the impact simulation chamber is provided with a flip door; the movable objective table is fixed on the protection plate; the side face of the impact simulation chamber for fixing the test material is opposite to the side face provided with the laser input hole and the monitoring hole.
6. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the device also comprises an air-floating optical platform, and the whole device is fixed on the air-floating optical platform; each lens of the whole set of device is provided with a protective cover, and a laser light path of the whole set of device is provided with a protective pipeline, so that laser is transmitted in the protective pipeline.
7. A method for simulating ballistic impact and monitoring in real time by using linear pulse laser is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a sample material, placing the prepared sample material into an impact simulation chamber for fixing, controlling a laser output module to output laser with set power through a laser output system before formal testing is started, observing the size of linear laser in the impact simulation chamber, moving the position of a shaping lens, adjusting the action range of the linear laser, focusing the linear laser on an absorption layer on the surface of the sample material, closing the laser output of the laser output module after adjustment is finished, and closing the impact simulation chamber;
after the bullet is ready, controlling a laser output module to output laser with corresponding frequency, pulse width and wavelength through a laser output system according to the difference of the size, the quality and the speed of the simulated bullet;
opening the monitoring module, then opening the gate of the laser output module, outputting a laser beam by the laser output module, entering the material testing simulation module and impacting a sample material, impacting a light absorption coating on the surface of the protective material by the laser, vaporizing the material in a very short time to form a high-temperature and high-pressure plasma layer, and rapidly ejecting the plasma layer outwards;
meanwhile, feedback signal light emitted by the material after being impacted by laser enters the spectroscope, a part of light enters the Raman spectrometer to obtain a Raman spectrum of the material, the other part of light enters the ultrafast camera through the reflection of the dichroic mirror, interference fringes are imaged along the sound wave propagation direction, the surface morphology change and the shock wave propagation process of the sample material are further obtained, a part of light enters the mixing interferometer through the dichroic mirror, the ultrasonic wave shape generated along the sound wave propagation direction is monitored in real time, the surface melting caused by laser pulse is further monitored, the generation and propagation processes of the sound wave and the shock wave in the armor material are monitored in real time, and the damage evolution process of material phase change, spalling and fracture is further realized.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: placing the prepared sample material on a movable object stage in an impact simulation chamber and fixing, if the protective performance of different parts of the sample material needs to be measured, controlling to close a laser output gate through a laser output system, controlling the movable object stage in a material testing simulation module, adjusting the position of the sample material, opening the laser output gate again after the position of the sample material is adjusted to a proper position, and repeating the simulation step of claim 7; all feedback information is measured at nanosecond time resolution.
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