CN110380202B - Low-cost low-profile broadband Massive MIMO antenna unit - Google Patents

Low-cost low-profile broadband Massive MIMO antenna unit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110380202B
CN110380202B CN201910603706.XA CN201910603706A CN110380202B CN 110380202 B CN110380202 B CN 110380202B CN 201910603706 A CN201910603706 A CN 201910603706A CN 110380202 B CN110380202 B CN 110380202B
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conductor
antenna
low
isolation
feed point
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CN110380202A (en
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占英
徐春阳
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Shanghai Amphenol Airwave Communication Electronics Co Ltd
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Shanghai Amphenol Airwave Communication Electronics Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-cost low-profile broadband Massive MIMO antenna unit, which comprises: the antenna comprises a conductor parasitic patch, a conductor coupling sheet, an antenna radiator and a conductor grounding layer which are sequentially arranged at intervals from top to bottom along a vertical straight line, wherein a dielectric layer is arranged between every two adjacent conductor parasitic patches; the center of the conductor coupling sheet is symmetrically provided with a vertical slot and a horizontal slot, the vertical slot is orthogonal to the horizontal slot, and the vertical slot and the horizontal slot are used for widening the frequency bandwidth of the antenna; the antenna radiator is provided with a horizontal polarization feed point and a vertical polarization feed point which are orthogonal in feed direction, a first isolation groove is arranged in the center position between the horizontal polarization feed point and the vertical polarization feed point, second isolation grooves are arranged on two sides of the horizontal polarization feed point and two sides of the vertical polarization feed point, and the first isolation groove and the second isolation groove are used for improving the isolation between the horizontal polarization feed point and the vertical polarization feed point. The invention has the technical characteristics of wide frequency bandwidth, high isolation, high single antenna gain, low cost and low profile.

Description

Low-cost low-profile broadband Massive MIMO antenna unit
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a low-cost low-profile broadband Massive MIMO antenna unit.
Background
The research and development of the base station device of Sub6G frequency band of the fifth generation communication 5G gradually enters into the mass production stage. The factors of price, manufacturing precision, performance stability and the like are considered to influence whether a product can be successful or not, and the key point is established in intense market competition.
Some countries in the Sub6G frequency band are 3.5GHz frequency band base stations, the frequency band is 3400-. Product development of various large wireless product providers is going on in a tight drum manner, requirements for Massive MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) antennas are also different frequency requirements, so that the Massive MIMO antennas cannot share the same oscillator scheme in the development stage, and each different frequency needs to be redeveloped. Therefore, a cross-polarized element antenna with the frequency coverage of 3400-.
The microstrip patch is a basic choice of various array antennas because of simple processing and low cost. But the fatal weakness is that the frequency bandwidth is narrow, the isolation is poor, so that the application to the 5G Massive MIMO antenna is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical purpose of the invention is to provide a low-cost low-profile broadband Massive MIMO antenna unit which has the technical characteristics of wide frequency bandwidth, high isolation, high single-antenna gain, low cost and low profile.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a low-cost low-profile wideband Massive MIMO antenna element, comprising:
the antenna comprises a conductor parasitic patch, a conductor coupling sheet, an antenna radiator and a conductor grounding layer which are sequentially arranged at intervals from top to bottom along a vertical straight line, wherein a dielectric layer is arranged between every two adjacent conductor parasitic patches;
the center of the conductor coupling piece is symmetrically provided with a vertical slot and a horizontal slot, the vertical slot is orthogonal to the horizontal slot, the vertical slot and the horizontal slot are used for widening the frequency bandwidth of the antenna, and the conductor coupling piece is single-layer or multi-layer;
the antenna radiator is provided with a horizontal polarization feed point and a vertical polarization feed point which are orthogonal to the feed direction.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a first isolation slot is disposed at a central position between the horizontally polarized feeding point and the vertically polarized feeding point, and the first isolation slot is used for improving isolation between the horizontally polarized feeding point and the vertically polarized feeding point.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, second isolation grooves are disposed on two sides of the horizontally polarized feeding point and two sides of the vertically polarized feeding point, and the second isolation grooves are used for improving isolation between the horizontally polarized feeding point and the vertically polarized feeding point.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, geometric centers of the parasitic conductor patch, the conductive coupling patch, the antenna radiator, and the conductive ground layer are overlapped along the vertical straight line direction.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the antenna further includes one or more insulating supporting members, and the insulating supporting members are respectively and fixedly connected to the parasitic conductor patch, the conductive coupling patch, the antenna radiator, and the conductive ground layer to fix an interval between adjacent ones.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the parasitic conductor patch, the conductive coupling patch, the antenna radiator, and the conductive ground layer are circular or polygonal.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
1) the invention solves the technical problem of narrow frequency bandwidth of the microstrip patch by arranging the horizontal slot and the vertical slot on the conductor coupling sheet based on the microstrip patch, the number of the conductor coupling sheets can be single-layer or multi-layer, wherein, the number of the conductor coupling sheets is increased, the thickness of the substrate of the microstrip patch antenna is increased, and the surface wave and the parasitic radiation of the antenna are inhibited, thereby achieving the purposes of widening bandwidth and improving gain, and achieving the technical effects of high gain and wide frequency bandwidth of a single antenna;
meanwhile, based on the antenna unit of the invention, the antenna array has multiple array modes, and is very convenient to form a parallel-feed array or a series-feed array, beam scanning in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction can be realized, and a plate with high dielectric constant can be selected to reduce the section;
2) the first isolation groove is arranged in the center position between the horizontal polarization feed point and the vertical polarization feed point of the antenna radiator, and the second isolation grooves are arranged on two sides of the two feed points, so that the technical problem of poor isolation of the microstrip patch is solved, and the technical effect of high isolation is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a dipole unit of a low-cost low-profile broadband Massive MIMO antenna unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a dipole unit of a low-cost low-profile broadband Massive MIMO antenna unit according to the present invention;
fig. 3-5 are schematic structural diagrams of conductor coupling sheets of a low-cost low-profile broadband Massive MIMO antenna unit according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an antenna radiator structure of a low-cost low-profile broadband Massive MIMO antenna unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a low cost low profile wideband Massive MIMO antenna unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of performance indicator return loss test results in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of performance indicator isolation test results according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of test results for an exemplary radiation direction in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a graph of cross-polarization ratio test results according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1: a conductor parasitic patch; 2: a conductor coupling tab; 21: a horizontal groove; 22: a vertical slot; 3: an antenna radiator; 31: a horizontally polarized feed point; 32: a vertically polarized feed point; 33: a first isolation trench; 34: a second isolation trench; 4: a conductive ground layer; 5: an insulating support.
Detailed Description
The present invention provides a low-cost low-profile wideband Massive MIMO antenna unit, which is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments. Advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and from the claims.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides a low-cost low-profile wideband Massive MIMO antenna unit, including:
the antenna comprises conductor parasitic patches 1, conductor coupling sheets 2, an antenna radiator 3 and a conductor grounding layer 4 which are sequentially arranged at intervals from top to bottom along a vertical straight line, wherein a dielectric layer is arranged between every two adjacent conductor parasitic patches 1, conductor coupling sheets 2, antenna radiators 3 and conductor grounding layers 4;
the center of the conductor coupling piece 2 is symmetrically provided with a vertical slot 22 and a horizontal slot 21, the vertical slot 22 is orthogonal to the horizontal slot 21, the vertical slot 22 and the horizontal slot 21 are used for widening the frequency bandwidth of the antenna, and the conductor coupling piece 2 is single-layer or multi-layer;
the antenna radiator 3 is provided with a horizontally polarized feed point 31 and a vertically polarized feed point 32, which are orthogonal to each other in the feed direction.
A first isolation groove 33 is formed at a central position between the horizontally polarized feeding point 31 and the vertically polarized feeding point 32, second isolation grooves 34 are formed at both sides of the horizontally polarized feeding point 31 and both sides of the vertically polarized feeding point 32, and the first isolation groove 33 and the second isolation grooves 34 are used for improving the isolation between the horizontally polarized feeding point 31 and the vertically polarized feeding point 32.
The present embodiment will now be described in detail:
specifically, the patch antenna disclosed in this embodiment includes four parts, where the uppermost layer is a circular or polygonal parasitic conductor patch 1, the second layer is a circular or polygonal coupling conductor patch 2, the third layer is a circular or polygonal radiating body 3 of the patch antenna, and has a dual-polarized dual-feed-point mechanism, and the fourth layer is a ground conductor layer 4.
Specifically, the four parts may be directly made of a conductor material or processed by a copper clad layer of a PCB, and the dielectric layer may be a common dielectric material such as an insulating spacer, a gaseous dielectric such as air, or any common dielectric material. Furthermore, the effective height of the microstrip patch antenna is in inverse proportion to the dielectric constant of the substrate, the substrate material of the multilayer conductor coupling sheet is reasonably selected, and the purpose of reducing the antenna section can be achieved by adopting a plate with a higher dielectric constant as much as possible.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the conductor parasitic patch 1, the conductor coupling patch 2, the antenna radiator 3, and the conductor ground layer 4 are circular or polygonal.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3 to 5, the shapes of the horizontal slots 21 and the vertical slots 22 can be various, and the horizontal slots 21 and the vertical slots 22 need to be orthogonal to each other, so that the technical effect of widening the frequency bandwidth can be achieved. In this embodiment, by introducing a multilayer conductor coupling sheet, the method of phase change increases the thickness of the substrate and suppresses surface waves and parasitic radiation of a radiator of the antenna, thereby achieving the purposes of widening bandwidth and improving gain.
Preferably, a first isolation slot 33 is provided at a central position between the horizontally polarized feeding point 31 and the vertically polarized feeding point 32, and the first isolation slot 33 is used for improving the isolation between the horizontally polarized feeding point 31 and the vertically polarized feeding point 32.
Preferably, the two sides of the horizontally polarized feeding point 31 and the two sides of the vertically polarized feeding point 32 are provided with second isolation grooves 34, and the second isolation grooves 34 are used for improving the isolation between the horizontally polarized feeding point 31 and the vertically polarized feeding point 32.
In particular, referring to fig. 6, the third layer antenna radiator 3 has a dual-polarized dual feeding point structure, and the horizontally polarized feeding point 31 is orthogonal to the feeding direction of the vertically polarized feeding point 32, so that the magnetic field direction from which the antenna is radiated is orthogonal to realize the dual-polarized characteristic. In the octagonal patch antenna radiator 3 shown in fig. 6, an isolation slot, i.e., a first isolation slot 33, is provided at a central position between the horizontally polarized feed point 31 and the vertically polarized feed point 32 to improve isolation between the dual polarized feed points, the horizontally polarized feed point 31 and the vertically polarized feed point 32 are symmetrical with respect to the central position, and at the same time, an isolation slot, i.e., a second isolation slot 34, is provided at each of both sides of each feed point to further improve isolation between the dual polarized feed points.
Preferably, the antenna further comprises one or more insulating support members 5, and the insulating support members 5 are fixedly connected with the parasitic conductor patch 1, the conductive coupling patch 2, the antenna radiator 3 and the conductive ground layer 4 respectively so as to fix the interval between adjacent layers. Specifically, referring to fig. 7, the four layers of conductor structures may be fixed by non-conductor plastic pillars, or the parasitic conductor patch 1 and the parasitic conductor coupling patch 2 may be processed by stamping or die casting, and then injection-molded with plastic to form a combined part, so as to achieve the purpose of lower cost.
Specifically, the projection of the vertical slot 22 on the antenna radiator 3 is directed to the vertically polarized feed point 32, and the projection of the horizontal slot 21 on the antenna radiator 3 is directed to the horizontally polarized feed point 31.
Specifically, the geometric centers of the parasitic conductor patch 1, the coupling conductor patch 2, the antenna radiator 3 and the ground conductor layer 4 are on a vertical line, so as to form an antenna structure with better symmetry.
The performance of this embodiment will now be described with reference to fig. 8 to 11:
based on the embodiment, the cross-polarized element antenna with the frequency coverage of 3400-.
The length, width, and height dimensions of the cross-polarized element antenna are 33x33x10mm, in which the horizontal slot 21 and the vertical slot 22 of the conductor coupling piece 2 are set to 13x1.8mm, the first isolation slot 33 of the antenna radiator 3 is set to 6x1.5mm, and the second isolation slots 34 at both ends of the feed point are set to 2x0.5 mm.
Referring to fig. 8, according to the performance index return loss test result of the cross-polarized element antenna designed in this embodiment, it can be known that the port return loss index of the antenna can reach-15 dB performance in a 700MHz bandwidth.
Referring to fig. 9, according to the performance index isolation test result of the cross-polarized element antenna designed in this embodiment, it can be known that the isolation of the antenna at the dual-polarized port is better than-22 dB within a 700MHz bandwidth.
Referring to fig. 10 and fig. 11, the radiation pattern and cross polarization ratio performance of the antenna disclosed in this embodiment are listed, and it can be seen that the cross polarization ratio is >15dB in the range of-60 degrees to +60 degrees of horizontal beam scanning, which reaches the performance index required by the Massive MIMO array antenna.
In summary, based on the technical solution of the present embodiment, the frequency bandwidth of the patch antenna can be widened to 700MHz, and the isolation is improved to be less than-22 dB.
The present embodiment has the following technical advantages:
1) the embodiment is based on the microstrip patch, and solves the technical problem of narrow frequency bandwidth of the microstrip patch by arranging the horizontal slot and the vertical slot on the conductor coupling sheet, wherein the number of the conductor coupling sheets can be single-layer or multi-layer, and the number of the conductor coupling sheets is increased, so that the thickness of the substrate of the microstrip patch antenna is increased, the surface wave and parasitic radiation of the antenna are inhibited, the purposes of widening bandwidth and improving gain are achieved, and the technical effects of high gain and wide frequency bandwidth of a single antenna are achieved;
meanwhile, based on the antenna unit of the invention, the antenna array has multiple array forming modes, the antenna array is very convenient to form a parallel-feed array or a series-feed array, the beam scanning in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction can be realized, the section can be reduced by selecting a plate with high dielectric constant, the product space is saved and the material is saved in the current industrial and future engineering application aspect, the miniaturization characteristic is easy to integrate into the whole system, in addition, the multi-layer wiring of the power distribution network can be realized, the realization difficulty of the power distribution network is simplified to the greatest extent, the isolation among the multi-layer power distribution network is ensured at the same time, the technical effects of wide frequency bandwidth with 18.6 percent of relative bandwidth, low cost, low section with the total height of the antenna lower than 10mm and single antenna gain higher than 7dBi are achieved, and the technical requirements of Massive MIMO antenna units are met;
2) in the embodiment, the first isolation groove is arranged at the center between the horizontal polarization feed point and the vertical polarization feed point of the antenna radiator, and the second isolation grooves are arranged at the two sides of the two feed points, so that the technical problem of poor isolation of the microstrip patch is solved, and the technical effect of high isolation of-20 dB is achieved.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Even if various changes are made to the present invention, it is still within the scope of the present invention if they fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents.

Claims (5)

1. A low-cost low-profile wideband Massive MIMO antenna unit, comprising:
the antenna comprises a conductor parasitic patch, a conductor coupling sheet, an antenna radiator and a conductor grounding layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom at intervals along a vertical straight line, wherein a dielectric layer is arranged between the adjacent conductor parasitic patch, the conductor coupling sheet, the antenna radiator and the conductor grounding layer, and the geometric centers of the conductor parasitic patch, the conductor coupling sheet, the antenna radiator and the conductor grounding layer are on the vertical straight line to form a symmetrical antenna structure;
the center of the conductor coupling piece is symmetrically provided with a vertical slot and a horizontal slot, the vertical slot is orthogonal to the horizontal slot, the vertical slot and the horizontal slot are used for widening the frequency bandwidth of the antenna, and the conductor coupling piece is single-layer or multi-layer;
the antenna radiator is provided with a horizontal polarization feed point and a vertical polarization feed point which are orthogonal to the feed direction.
2. The low-cost low-profile broadband Massive MIMO antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein a first isolation slot is disposed at a central position between the horizontally polarized feed point and the vertically polarized feed point, and the first isolation slot is configured to improve isolation between the horizontally polarized feed point and the vertically polarized feed point.
3. The low-cost low-profile broadband Massive MIMO antenna unit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein second isolation grooves are disposed on two sides of the horizontally polarized feeding point and two sides of the vertically polarized feeding point, and the second isolation grooves are used for improving the isolation between the horizontally polarized feeding point and the vertically polarized feeding point.
4. The low-cost low-profile broadband Massive MIMO antenna unit according to claim 3, further comprising one or more insulation support members, wherein the insulation support members are fixedly connected to the conductive parasitic patch, the conductive coupling patch, the antenna radiator and the conductive ground layer, respectively, to fix a gap between adjacent ones.
5. The low-cost low-profile broadband Massive MIMO antenna unit of claim 3, wherein the parasitic conductor patch, the conductive coupling patch, the antenna radiator, and the conductive ground plane are circular or polygonal.
CN201910603706.XA 2019-07-05 2019-07-05 Low-cost low-profile broadband Massive MIMO antenna unit Active CN110380202B (en)

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