CN110361653A - A kind of SOC estimation method and system based on hybrid accumulator - Google Patents
A kind of SOC estimation method and system based on hybrid accumulator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of SOC estimation method and system based on hybrid accumulator, including, obtain the state parameter of battery, and parameter preset is set；Equivalent-circuit model is established, and constructs one group of vector parameter including parameter preset, equivalent-circuit model solves the end voltage of battery according to state parameter and vector parameter；SOC appraising model is established, SOC appraising model solves the state of charge of battery according to end voltage and vector parameter；Least square model is established, the vector parameter after iterative calculation is returned to equivalent-circuit model and SOC appraising model for being iterated calculating to vector parameter by least square model；Repeat step 2-4；This evaluation method, the Closed-cycle correction to SOC estimation process may be implemented, effectively improve the estimation precision of SOC, reduce error, not only more meet actual demand, and it is more suitable for estimation, monitoring etc. to state of charge in hybrid accumulator, it is more advantageous to and online, long-range monitoring is carried out to the state of charge of hybrid accumulator.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to energy storage device technical fields, and in particular to a kind of SOC estimation method based on hybrid accumulator
And system.
Background technique
With the development of new energy technology, hybrid accumulator (or system) use is also more and more；Hybrid accumulator
If being inside usually provided with several super capacitors and dry battery group, if having separately included dry battery in each battery group；
Super capacitor has the characteristics of large capacity, fast charging and discharging compared to battery, makees a kind of new energy storage device cooperation battery
The hybrid accumulator of composition is widely used, and the parameter monitoring of hybrid accumulator also just becomes the weight of industry research
Point.
In the prior art, it usually needs to the state parameter of hybrid accumulator, such as charging/discharging voltage, electric current, device
Internal resistance or state-of-charge (abbreviation SOC, full name are State of Charge) etc., are monitored or estimate, to grasp mixing storage
The operating status of energy device, while being also convenient for controlling and dispatch；In these state parameters, such as charging/discharging voltage, electric current, device
The parameters such as internal resistance usually can directly measure, but the state-of-charge of hybrid accumulator generally can not be measured directly, be needed
It is estimated, state-of-charge is also remaining capacity, and representative is surplus after battery is lain idle using a period of time or for a long time
The ratio of the capacity of covolume amount and its fully charged state, commonly using percentage indicates.Its value range is 0~1, as SOC=0
It indicates that battery discharge is complete, indicates that battery is completely filled with as SOC=1；The state-of-charge of hybrid accumulator is hybrid energy-storing
The important parameter index of device is not only indispensable decision factor, and is also the energy in optimization hybrid accumulator
Management improves battery capacity and capacity usage ratio, prevents battery overcharge and overdischarge, ensures the peace of battery in use
The important parameter of full property and service life.
In the prior art, for the estimation of state-of-charge in conventional battery (SOC), domestic and foreign scholars propose some sides
Method, such as current integration method, Kalman filtering method, adaptive Kalman filter method, however, on the one hand, these methods are usually also
Come with some shortcomings, for example, current integration method have it is simple and easy, but the accumulated error due to caused by the factors such as current sample by
It is cumulative big, cause SOC evaluated error to increase, is unable to satisfy the requirement used for a long time in Practical Project；Kalman filtering method is because of it
Have the characteristics that calculation amount is small, is easily achieved, to be widely used；Adaptive Kalman filter algorithm does not often account for temperature
, which is because, under the ideal conditions in laboratory, the variation of the two factors is little for degree factor and charge-discharge magnification factor, but
It is that in practical engineering applications, such as electric automobile energy regeneration processes, temperature and charge-discharge magnification will estimate the SOC of battery
It calculates precision and causes very big influence.On the other hand, these methods are commonly available to conventional battery (or battery group), are not suitable for
In hybrid accumulator, in addition, the method for estimating state-of-charge in hybrid accumulator (SOC) in the prior art, error
It is larger, during actual use, usually there are problems that precision is low, be unsatisfactory for actual demand.
Summary of the invention
In the presence of improving the prior art, existing SOC estimation method is not suitable for mixing storage
The problem of SOC of energy device is estimated, and SOC estimation precision is low, error is big, is not able to satisfy actual demand；It is of the present invention
Technical solution is:
A kind of SOC estimation method based on hybrid accumulator, includes the following steps:
Step 1, the state parameter of battery in hybrid accumulator is obtained, and parameter preset is set, the state parameter packet
Include by acquisition obtain battery open-circuit voltage, load current, internal resistance, the parameter preset include battery polarization resistance,
Polarization capacity；
Step 2, the equivalent-circuit model of hybrid accumulator is established, and constructs one group of vector including the parameter preset
Parameter, equivalent-circuit model solve the end voltage of battery according to the state parameter and vector parameter；
Step 3, the SOC appraising model of hybrid accumulator is established, the SOC appraising model is according to the end voltage and institute
State the state of charge that vector parameter solves battery；
Step 4, least square model is established, the least square model is according to the complete least square of adaptive forgetting factor
Method is established, and the least square model is used to be iterated calculating to the vector parameter, and by the vector after iterative calculation
Parameter returns to the equivalent-circuit model and SOC appraising model；
Step 5, step 2 is repeated to step 4.
In the present solution, having carried out circuit analysis to hybrid energy-storing monomer model first establishes equivalent-circuit model,
By the state parameter of the battery of acquisition and the parameter preset of setting, the end voltage data of battery is solved, SOC is then established and estimates
Model is calculated, SOC appraising model estimates the state of charge of battery according to the end voltage data, finally uses adaptive forgetting factor
Total least square is updated vector parameter involved in equivalent-circuit model and SOC appraising model, and SOC is estimated in realization
The Closed-cycle correction of calculation process reduces error, not only more meets actual demand so as to effectively improve the estimation precision of SOC, and
And it is more suitable for estimation, monitoring etc. to state of charge in hybrid accumulator, it is more advantageous to the charge to hybrid accumulator
State carries out online, long-range monitoring.
Preferably, in the step 2, the equivalent-circuit model includes SOC model and single order Dai Weining model, wherein
The single order Dai Weining model are as follows:
Vt=Voc-Vp-IRs
In the SOC model, the relational expression between state-of-charge and open-circuit voltage and load current is respectively as follows:
SOC (t)=η I (t)/Q
Wherein, variable s=2 (q-1)/ts/ (q+1), q are Discrete Operator, tsIt is sampling interval, VqFor intermediate variable, VtFor
The end voltage of battery, VocThe open-circuit voltage of battery, RsFor the internal resistance of battery, RpFor the polarization resistance of battery, CpFor the polarization of battery
Capacitor, the data that subscript k indicates kth time acquisition or calculates.
Preferably, the vector parameter includes first group of vector parameter and second group of vector parameter, first group of vector
Parameter are as follows: θk=[a1,kb0,kb1,k]T, second group of vector parameter beWherein,
Wherein, variable Vp=Vt-Voc, VtTo hold voltage, VocFor open-circuit voltage, a1,k、b0,k、b1,kRespectively three centres
Variable, the data that subscript k indicates kth time acquisition or calculates, the data that subscript k-1 indicates kth -1 time acquisition or calculates.
In the present solution, the vector parameter updated for iteration includes first group of vector parameter and second group of vector ginseng
Number, wherein first group of vector parameter mainly describes the actual physics parameter of battery in hybrid accumulator, second group of vector
Parameter mainly describes in hybrid accumulator, state parameter of the battery in different moments, by every time estimation SOC when,
The vector parameter is updated, the amendment to estimated value is realized, to help to obtain high-precision SOC.
Preferably, in the step 2, the calculating process of the end voltage is obtained are as follows: first draw the formula (1)
Laplace transform obtains
Vq(s)/I (s)=(Rs+Rp+RsCps)/(1+RpCps) (2)
Bilinear transformation is carried out to (2) formula, is obtained
Vq(q-1)/I(q-1)=(b0+b1q-1)/(1+a1q-1) (3)
(3) formula is converted into discrete time domain representation:
Then, the estimated value for holding voltage is
Wherein, variable s=2 (q-1)/ts/ (q+1), q are Discrete Operator, tsIt is sampling interval, VqFor intermediate variable, VtFor
The end voltage of battery, VocThe open-circuit voltage of battery, RsFor the internal resistance of battery, RpFor the polarization resistance of battery, CpFor the polarization of battery
Capacitor, the data that subscript k indicates kth time acquisition or calculates.
Preferably, the relational expression between the state-of-charge and open-circuit voltage passes through fitting open-circuit voltage and state-of-charge
Between relational model obtain.It is easy to operate, effective.
Preferably, in the step 3, the SOC appraising model includes model state matrix and SOC estimation formula, wherein
The model state matrix is
X=[Vp,SOC]T
Wherein, SOC is the state-of-charge to be estimated, VpFor the polarizing voltage to be estimated；According to the model state
The SOC that matrix is established estimates formula are as follows:
Wherein, variableL is feedback oscillator, VtFor the end voltage of t moment；For the estimated value of the end voltage of t moment, F is battery model function (Thevenin's theorem)；
And
Wherein, C is fitting parameter, p1、p2For corrected parameter provided by least square model, η is coulombic efficiency.
Preferably, in the step 4, the iteration renewal equation in the least square model is,
Wherein, μkFor the modifying factor, and,
Wherein,
Wherein, variable
VariableWhereinWherein E is to ask
It is expected that
Variable
Wherein
VariableWhereinFor the variance of collection voltages,To acquire electric current variance
g1,k、g2,k、g3,k, three constructed fuctions when respectively representing kth time iterative calculation.In the present solution, the minimum
Two to multiply model established according to adaptive forgetting factor total least square, can be during calculating, artificial something lost
Forget about specific data, such as interval time farther away data, computational accuracy not only can be improved, but also advantageously reduces required
The data volume of processing improves operation efficiency, is particularly suitable for monitoring the state of charge of hybrid accumulator on-line.
Preferably, the open-circuit voltage is acquired with floating ground measurement method using multichannel analog switch.
A kind of SOC estimating system based on hybrid accumulator, including data acquisition unit, controller, for emitting number
According to data transmission unit, cloud platform, the cloud platform include data receipt unit compatible with the data transmission unit,
Data storage cell, data processing unit and display unit, the data acquisition unit and data transmission unit respectively with institute
State controller be connected, the data receipt unit, data storage cell, display unit respectively with the data processing unit phase
Even, wherein
The data acquisition unit is transferred to the control for acquiring hybrid accumulator voltage, electric current and internal resistance
Device, the controller estimate state of charge according to the voltage, electric current and internal resistance, and will be described by the data transmission unit
Voltage, electric current, internal resistance and state of charge are sent to the data receipt unit, and the data processing unit is from the data receiver
Unit obtains the voltage, electric current, internal resistance and state of charge, and is sent to the data storage cell and is stored, and sends
It is shown to the display unit.This estimating system, structure is simple, compact, is applicable not only to the electricity to hybrid accumulator
Lotus state is compared accurate estimation, and can be to parameters in hybrid accumulator, such as voltage, electric current, internal resistance, electricity
Lotus state etc., is monitored on-line in real time, is conducive to the actual operating state for remotely understanding, grasping each hybrid accumulator.
Preferably, the controller is using STM32 chip or ARM chip.
Further, the controller is using STM32F103.STM32F103 is moderate, and multichannel input is met
Data acquisition input, high computing capability meet the requirement of real time of SOC estimation.
Preferably, the data acquisition unit includes for the voltage acquisition module of collection voltages, for acquiring electric current
Current acquisition module and internal resistance acquisition module for acquiring internal resistance.
In a kind of preferred scheme, the voltage acquisition module includes n acquisition group, and n is natural number, the acquisition component
Bao Kuo not be parallel to super capacitor both ends or battery group both ends difference channel, operational amplifier, light-coupled isolation switch and
A/D converter, wherein the output end of the difference channel is connected with the input terminal of the operational amplifier, operational amplifier
Output end is connected with the input terminal that the light-coupled isolation switchs, the output end and the A/D converter of the light-coupled isolation switch
It is connected, the output end of the A/D converter is connected with the controller, and the controller is according to each acquisition group data collected
Corresponding voltage value is calculated separately out, and the n voltage values are added, obtains the voltage.
Preferably, the light-coupled isolation switch is using PC817A optical coupled switch.PC817A optical coupled switch has good
Linear performance, while cheap being suitble to a large amount of use.
In a kind of preferred scheme, the current acquisition module include the hall element sensor for being set to battery group,
The output end of current signal converter, A/D converter, hall element sensor is connected with the input terminal of current signal converter,
The output end of current signal converter is connected with the input terminal of A/D converter, the output end of A/D converter and the controller
It is connected, wherein the hall element sensor is used to the current signal in circuit-under-test being converted to analog current signal, and passes
It is defeated by current signal converter, current signal converter, which is used to convert the analog current signal to corresponding analog voltage, to be believed
Number, and it is transferred to the A/D converter, A/D converter is used to convert data-signal for the analog voltage signal, and passes
It is defeated by the controller, controller calculates electric current according to the digital signal.
In a kind of preferred scheme, the internal resistance acquisition module includes analog multiplier, low-pass filter, direct current amplification
Device, A/D converter, the AC differential circuit for being parallel in battery group and being used to acquire battery group both end voltage response signal
And the AC constant-current source for generating sinusoidal signal；The output end and AC constant-current source of AC differential circuit are output end difference
It is connected with the input terminal of the analog multiplier, the output end of analog multiplier is connected with the input terminal of the low-pass filter,
The output end of low-pass filter is connected with the input terminal of the dc amplifier, and the output end of dc amplifier and the A/D turn
The input terminal of parallel operation is connected, and the output end of A/D converter is connected with the controller；Wherein, the analog multiplier is used to incite somebody to action
Voltage responsive signal is multiplied with the sinusoidal signal, and low-pass filter is used to switch to AC signal direct current signal, direct current amplification
For amplifying to the direct current signal, A/D converter is used to amplified direct current signal being converted into digital signal device, and
It is transferred to controller, controller calculates internal resistance according to the digital signal.
Preferably, the data processing unit is PC machine or server.
Preferably, the data storage cell is hard disk.
Preferably, the display unit is display.
Preferably, the data transmission unit be WiFi transmit wirelessly chip, the data receipt unit be with it is described
WiFi transmits wirelessly the compatible Ethernet card of chip.
Optionally, the WiFi wireless transmission chip is ESP8266, and the Ethernet card is TP-LINK network interface card.
It further include the DC-DC mould for 12V voltage to be converted into 3.3V and/or 5V voltage in further embodiment
Block, the input terminal of the DC-DC module are connected with the output end of the hybrid accumulator, and output end is sent out with the data respectively
Unit and controller is sent to be connected.
Compared with prior art, using a kind of SOC estimation method based on hybrid accumulator provided by the invention and it is
System, has carried out circuit analysis to hybrid energy-storing monomer model first and has established equivalent-circuit model, and customized vector parameter,
Further according to voltage data is held provided by equivalent-circuit model, SOC appraising model is established, thus effectively estimation hybrid energy-storing dress
State of charge SOC in setting；The open circuit that finally SOC appraising model is exported using adaptive forgetting factor total least square
Voltage carries out data analysis, and is iterated update to the vector parameter, then returns to equivalent-circuit model and SOC estimation
Model, equivalent-circuit model and SOC appraising model carry out the meter of a next state of charge SOC according to updated vector parameter
It calculates, to realize the Closed-cycle correction to SOC estimation process, so as to effectively improve the estimation precision of SOC, reduces error, no
Only more meet actual demand, and be more suitable for estimation, monitoring etc. to state of charge in hybrid accumulator, is more advantageous to pair
The state of charge of hybrid accumulator carries out online, long-range monitoring.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be to needed in the embodiment attached
Figure is briefly described, it should be understood that the following drawings illustrates only certain embodiments of the present invention, therefore is not construed as pair
The restriction of range for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also be according to this
A little attached drawings obtain other relevant attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of the SOC estimation method based on hybrid accumulator provided in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is a kind of model framework of the SOC estimation method based on hybrid accumulator provided in the embodiment of the present invention 1
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is a kind of structural representation of the SOC estimating system based on hybrid accumulator provided in the embodiment of the present invention 2
Figure.
Fig. 4 is in a kind of SOC estimating system based on hybrid accumulator provided in the embodiment of the present invention 2, and voltage is adopted
Collect the circuit diagram of module.
Fig. 5 is in a kind of SOC estimating system based on hybrid accumulator provided in the embodiment of the present invention 2, and electric current is adopted
Collect the block diagram of module.
Fig. 6 is in a kind of SOC estimating system based on hybrid accumulator provided in the embodiment of the present invention 2, and internal resistance is adopted
Collect the block diagram of module.
Fig. 7 is data hair in a kind of SOC estimating system based on hybrid accumulator provided in the embodiment of the present invention 2
Send the circuit diagram of unit.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Ground description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Usually exist
The component of the embodiment of the present invention described and illustrated in attached drawing can be arranged and be designed with a variety of different configurations herein.Cause
This, is not intended to limit claimed invention to the detailed description of the embodiment of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings below
Range, but it is merely representative of selected embodiment of the invention.Based on the embodiment of the present invention, those skilled in the art are not doing
Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work out, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is please referred to, a kind of SOC estimation method based on hybrid accumulator is provided in the present embodiment, including
Following steps:
Step 1, the state parameter of battery in hybrid accumulator is obtained, and parameter preset is set, the state parameter packet
Include the open-circuit voltage V of the battery obtained by acquisitionoc, load current I, internal resistance Rs, the parameter preset includes the polarization of battery
Resistance Rp, polarization capacity Cp, coulombic efficiency η, charge capacity Q etc., so as to the foundation and calculating of following model；
As an example, in the present embodiment, it can preferentially be switched using multichannel analog and be combined with floating ground measurement method
Acquire the open-circuit voltage Voc。
Step 2, the equivalent-circuit model of hybrid accumulator is established, and constructs one group of vector including the parameter preset
Parameter, equivalent-circuit model solve the end voltage V of battery according to the state parameter and vector parametert；
As an example, the equivalent-circuit model, the equivalent electricity can establish according to equivalent circuit diagram as shown in the figure
Road model includes SOC model and single order Dai Weining model, wherein the single order Dai Weining model are as follows:
Vt=Voc-Vp-IRs (2)
In the SOC model, the relational expression between state-of-charge and open-circuit voltage and load current is respectively as follows:
SOC (t)=η I (t)/Q (4)
Wherein, VocFor open-circuit voltage, VpFor polarizing voltage, VtTo hold voltage, RsFor the internal resistance of acquisition, RpFor polarization resistance,
CpFor polarization capacity, I is the load current of acquisition, and c is fitting coefficient, and n is equal to the nominal charge that 4, Q is hybrid accumulator
Amount, η is coulombic efficiency, and SOC is state of charge；
In the preferred embodiment provided by the present embodiment, the vector parameter include first group of vector parameter and second group to
Measure parameter, wherein first group of vector parameter are as follows: θk=[a1,kb0,kb1,k]T, second group of vector parameter beWherein,
Wherein, variable Vp=Vt-Voc, VtTo hold voltage, VocFor open-circuit voltage, a1,k、b0,k、b1,kRespectively three centres
Variable, the data that subscript k indicates kth time acquisition or calculates, the data that subscript k-1 indicates kth -1 time acquisition or calculates, hereinafter not
It repeats again.
The calculating process of the end voltage is obtained by this step are as follows: the formula (1) is first subjected to Laplace transform,
?
Vq(s)/I (s)=- (Rs+Rp+RsRpCps)/(1+RpCps) (6)
Bilinear transformation is carried out to (6) formula, is obtained
Vq(q-1)/I(q-1)=(b0+b1q-1)/(1+a1q-1) (7)
(7) formula is converted into discrete time domain representation:
Then, the estimated value of voltage is heldSo as to calculate the estimated value of outlet voltage；
Wherein, variable s=2 (q-1)/ts/ (q+1), q are Discrete Operator, tsIt is sampling interval, VqFor intermediate variable, VtFor
The end voltage of battery, VocThe open-circuit voltage of battery, RsFor the internal resistance of battery, RpFor the polarization resistance of battery, CpFor the polarization of battery
Capacitor, the data that subscript k indicates kth time acquisition or calculates.
In the preferred scheme, in the step (2), the state-of-charge SOC and open-circuit voltage VocBetween relational expression,
By being fitted open-circuit voltage VocRelational model between state-of-charge SOC obtains, and is fitted open-circuit voltage VocWith state-of-charge
Relational model between SOC is the highly developed prior art, passes through a charge and discharge process of hybrid accumulator
It realizes, which is not described herein again.
Step 3, the SOC appraising model of hybrid accumulator is established, the SOC appraising model is according to the end voltage and institute
State the state of charge that vector parameter solves battery；
As an example, the SOC appraising model includes model state matrix and SOC estimation formula, wherein the model shape
State matrix is
X=[Vp,SOC]T (9)
Wherein, SOC is the state-of-charge to be estimated, and Vp is the polarizing voltage to be estimated；According to the model state
The SOC that matrix is established estimates formula are as follows:
Wherein, variableL is feedback oscillator, VtFor the end voltage of t moment；For the estimated value of the end voltage of t moment, F is battery model function (Thevenin's theorem), and,
Wherein, C is fitting parameter, p1、p2For corrected parameter provided by least square model, η is coulombic efficiency.
By SOC appraising model, not only it is estimated that state of charge SOC, but also polarizing voltage V can be obtainedpEstimated value,
By aforementioned formula, open-circuit voltage V can be calculatedocEstimated value and intermediate variable Vq, battery end voltage VtEstimation
Value etc., to update the relevant parameter in equivalent-circuit model when calculating next time.
Step 4, least square model is established, the least square model is according to the complete least square of adaptive forgetting factor
Method is established, and the least square model is used to be iterated calculating to the vector parameter, and by the vector after iterative calculation
Parameter returns to the equivalent-circuit model and SOC appraising model；
As an example, in the present embodiment, the iteration renewal equation in described is,
Wherein, μkFor the modifying factor, and,
Wherein,
Wherein, variable
VariableWhereinWherein E is to ask
It is expected that
Variable
Wherein
VariableWhereinFor the variance of collection voltages,To acquire electric current variance
g1,k、g2,k、g3,k, three constructed fuctions when respectively representing kth time iterative calculation.
Using least square model to first group of vector parameter θk=[a1,kb0,kb1,k]TIt is iterated update, so as to next time
When calculating, the computational accuracy of state of charge SOC is improved.
Step 5, step 2, step 3 and step 4 are repeated；It is calculated by successive ignition, obtains high-precision SOC.
SOC estimation method provided by the present embodiment has carried out circuit analysis foundation to hybrid energy-storing monomer model first
Equivalent-circuit model is played, and customized vector parameter is established further according to voltage data is held provided by equivalent-circuit model
SOC appraising model can effectively estimate the state of charge SOC in hybrid accumulator；It is finally complete using adaptive forgetting factor
Total least squares carry out data analysis to the open-circuit voltage Voc that SOC appraising model exports, and change to the vector parameter
In generation, updates, and then returns to equivalent-circuit model and SOC appraising model, equivalent-circuit model and SOC appraising model are according to update
Vector parameter afterwards carries out the calculating of a next state of charge SOC, thus realize the Closed-cycle correction to SOC estimation process, thus
It can effectively improve the estimation precision of SOC, reduce error, not only more meet actual demand, but also be more suitable for hybrid energy-storing
The estimation, monitoring etc. of state of charge in device are more advantageous to and carry out online, long-range prison to the state of charge of hybrid accumulator
Control；As an example, it is the precision for verifying this evaluation method, evaluation method and the prior art provided by the present embodiment is respectively adopted
In common current integration method, the SOC in same hybrid accumulator discharge process is estimated, and in different moments pair
The SOC of the hybrid accumulator has carried out actual measurement, and experimental data is as shown in table 1,
1 comparative experimental data of table
As shown in Table 1, first estimated than integrating estimation algorithm in traditional ampere-hour using evaluation method provided by the present embodiment
The SOC of calculating is closer to true value, and relative error is usually within 5%, estimation precision with higher.
Embodiment 2
According to evaluation method provided in embodiment 1, the present embodiment 2 provides a kind of based on hybrid accumulator
SOC estimating system, including data acquisition unit, controller, the data transmission unit for emitting data, cloud platform, the cloud
Platform include data receipt unit compatible with the data transmission unit, data storage cell, data processing unit and
Display unit, the data acquisition unit and data transmission unit are connected with the controller respectively, the data receipt unit,
Data storage cell, display unit are connected with the data processing unit respectively, as shown in Figure 3, wherein
The data acquisition unit is for acquiring hybrid accumulator voltage (i.e. open-circuit voltage), electric current (i.e. load current)
And internal resistance, and it is transferred to the controller, the controller estimates state of charge according to the voltage, electric current and internal resistance, and
The voltage, electric current, internal resistance and state of charge are sent to the data receipt unit by the data transmission unit, it is described
Data processing unit obtains the voltage, electric current, internal resistance and state of charge from the data receipt unit, and is sent to the number
It is stored according to storage unit, and is sent to the display unit and is shown.This estimating system, structure is simple, compact, not only
It is compared accurate estimation suitable for the state of charge to hybrid accumulator, and can be to every in hybrid accumulator
Parameter, such as voltage, electric current, internal resistance, state of charge, are monitored on-line in real time, are conducive to remotely understand, are grasped each mixing
The actual operating state of energy storage device.
It is appreciated that wired connection, such as net can be used between the data transmission unit and the data receipt unit
Line connection, can also be using wireless connection, such as wifi connection, wireless network connection.
In the preferred scheme, the controller can use STM32 chip or ARM chip, as an example, in this implementation
In example, the controller is using STM32F103.STM32F103 is moderate, and it is defeated that multichannel input meets data acquisition
Enter, high computing capability meets the requirement of real time of SOC estimation.It is appreciated that those skilled in the art can also use
The controller of remaining type, such as single-chip microcontroller.
It is appreciated that be preset with algorithm provided in embodiment 1 in the controller, so as to voltage collected,
The data such as electric current, internal resistance are handled, to estimate the state of charge of hybrid accumulator.
Preferably, the data acquisition unit includes for the voltage acquisition module of collection voltages, for acquiring electric current
Current acquisition module and internal resistance acquisition module for acquiring internal resistance.
As shown in figure 4, in a preferred solution, the voltage acquisition module includes n acquisition group, n is nature
Number, the acquisition group respectively include the difference channel, operational amplifier, the light that are parallel to super capacitor both ends or battery group both ends
Coupling disconnecting switch and A/D converter, wherein the input terminal phase of the output end of the difference channel and the operational amplifier
Even, the output end of operational amplifier is connected with the input terminal that the light-coupled isolation switchs, the output end of the light-coupled isolation switch
It is connected with the A/D converter, the output end of the A/D converter is connected with the controller, and the controller is according to respectively adopting
Collection group data collected calculate separately out corresponding voltage value, and the n voltage values are added, and obtain the voltage.Make
For citing, when being provided with a super capacitor and two battery groups in hybrid accumulator, the voltage acquisition module packet
Three acquisition groups are included, the voltage value of acquisition super capacitor and two battery groups is respectively used to；As shown, in the present embodiment
In, in voltage acquisition module, by the way that multichannel analog switching technique is combined with floating ground measurement technology, and for measuring mixing
The voltage (charging/discharging voltage, open-circuit voltage) of energy storage device, firstly, multichannel analog switching technique can be by hybrid accumulator
Monomer is grouped, and a certain moment is only handled voltage signal all the way, whole so as to effectively solve hybrid accumulator
The excessively high problem of body common-mode voltage；Secondly, making measuring circuit and chip interior using light-coupled isolation switch in floating ground measurement technology
Circuit is not for ground, so that measuring circuit is not powered by energy storage device, reduces measuring circuit and discharges energy storage device, improve precision；
Finally, the analog signal of acquisition is converted into digital signal by A/D, because super capacitor usually requires pressure module and carried out
Pressure protection, thus voltage signal also can simultaneous transmission power to pressure module, and by controller to measuring circuit, survey can be improved
Accuracy of measurement.
In the present embodiment, the light-coupled isolation switch is using PC817A optical coupled switch.PC817A optical coupled switch tool
There are good linear performance, while cheap suitable a large amount of uses.
Since battery to be ensured can work normally, the charging current of battery and discharge current must must just be allowed to maintain
In a specific range, usual battery group is connected in series by several batteries, so each battery group must
Must be furnished with a current acquisition module, in a preferred solution, the current acquisition module includes being set to battery group
Hall element sensor, current signal converter, A/D converter, as shown in figure 5, the output end of hall element sensor with
The input terminal of current signal converter is connected, and the output end of current signal converter is connected with the input terminal of A/D converter, A/D
The output end of converter is connected with the controller, wherein the hall element sensor is used for the electric current in circuit-under-test
Signal is converted to analog current signal, and is transferred to current signal converter, and current signal converter is used for the simulation electricity
Stream signal is converted into corresponding analog voltage signal, and is transferred to the A/D converter, and A/D converter is used for the simulation
Voltage signal is converted into data-signal, and is transferred to the controller, and controller calculates electric current according to the digital signal, from
And obtain the real-time current data (load current) in hybrid accumulator.
Hybrid accumulator can generate internal resistance polarization after multiple charge and discharge, to influence service life；And it is connecting
During also relate to series connection caused by internal resistance, so to monomer energy storage device carry out internal resistance monitoring it is also necessary；Cause
Almost the same with storage battery pack model for super capacitor group, most widely used at present is exchange injection method, a kind of preferred
It, can be by additional ac-excited power supply, again by the way that after locking phase amplifying circuit, frequency-doubled signal is amplified, and is led to again at this time in scheme
It crosses low-pass filter and realizes high precision collecting, have between driving voltage and the internal resistance to be acquired at this time as follows:
U0=C | Z | cos θ=CR
Wherein, U0For excitation voltage source, Z is impedance, and R is internal resistance, and cos θ is power-factor angle, and C is exciting current；As
Citing, as shown in fig. 6, in the present embodiment, the internal resistance acquisition module includes that analog multiplier, low-pass filter, direct current are put
Big device, A/D converter, the AC differential electricity for being parallel in battery group and being used to acquire battery group both end voltage response signal
Road and AC constant-current source for generating sinusoidal signal；The output end and AC constant-current source of AC differential circuit are output ends point
It is not connected with the input terminal of the analog multiplier, the input terminal phase of the output end of analog multiplier and the low-pass filter
Even, the output end of low-pass filter is connected with the input terminal of the dc amplifier, the output end of dc amplifier and the A/D
The input terminal of converter is connected, and the output end of A/D converter is connected with the controller；Wherein, the analog multiplier is used for
Voltage responsive signal is multiplied with the sinusoidal signal, low-pass filter is used to AC signal switching to direct current signal, and direct current is put
For amplifying to the direct current signal, A/D converter is used to amplified direct current signal being converted into digital signal big device,
And it is transferred to controller, controller calculates internal resistance according to the digital signal.
In the preferred scheme, the data processing unit can be PC machine or server etc..As an example, in this implementation
In example, the data processing unit is server.
In the preferred scheme, the data storage cell is the equipment with store function such as hard disk, disk.
In the preferred scheme, the display unit can preferentially use display, and those skilled in the art can manage
Solution, the display unit includes display, but is not limited to display, for example, display unit can also be mobile phone, plate etc., this
In will not enumerate.
In the preferred scheme, the data transmission unit is that WiFi transmits wirelessly chip, and the data receipt unit is
Ethernet card compatible with WiFi wireless transmission chip；As an example, in the present embodiment, the WiFi wireless transmission
Chip is ESP2866, and ESP has powerful chip processing and storage capacity, includes duplexer and power management converter,
There is self-service troubleshooting, low-power sleep mode simultaneously.Only need to be connected by SPI interface, it is limited to place environment and
It is very useful for relatively complicated environment, it is based on ICP/IP protocol editor SOCKET in the present invention, and to setting out
Data are sent to carry out hash algorithm encryption, it is ensured that the reliability of data；The Ethernet card is TP-LINK network interface card, it is ensured that a large amount of numbers
It transmits and saves according to stablizing for cloud is imported.
It further include the DC-DC mould for 12V voltage to be converted into 3.3V and/or 5V voltage in further embodiment
Block, the input terminal of the DC-DC module are connected with the output end of the hybrid accumulator, and output end is sent out with the data respectively
Unit and controller is sent to be connected.In the present embodiment, the setting of DC-DC module can use hybrid accumulator sheet as originally estimating
Electrical component in calculation system is powered, and is more advantageous to data acquisition unit, controller, the data hair in this estimating system
Unit etc. is sent to be integrated into existing hybrid accumulator；DC-DC module can use DC-DC mould commonly used in the prior art
Block, as an example, in the present embodiment, DC-DC module includes with BUCK translation circuit for basic topology design, including two
Circuit of synchronous rectification, a Schottky diode, an inductance composition for NMOS tube composition, for exporting hybrid accumulator
12V voltage be converted into 3.3V, to provide 2.5-3.3V voltage signal, NMOS needed for ESP2866 chip in data transmission unit
Driving signal is provided by controller, so that required voltage signal can pass through when replacing or using other external equipments
Change driving signal to obtain the voltage signal of target, to realize that height is multiplexed.
As an example, as shown in fig. 7, DC-DC circuit is respectively connected to the port VSS and the port GND of ESP2866 chip, by
The incoming data of controller connect the port TXD and the port RXD of ESP2866 chip respectively, are then closed GPIO (18) switch and carry out
Hardware program write-in, realization are write and are encrypted to the agreement of data；End write-in is finally turned on the switch, wherein to data
Encryption has used hash algorithm MD5 to sign, to ensure that data are complete from monitoring client to cloud platform data, safe.For
Md5 encryption is carried out to data packet, it is necessary first to differentiate to data packet length, not enough then need to be filled, and by data
The data block for being 1 group for 128 positions occurs module according to the initial 4 groups of 32 wheels encryption given, the wheel defined is cooperated to add
Close function carries out 32 wheel iterative cryptographics；Finally by 4 groups of 32 result datas splicing 128 Hash values of output, it is finally added to agreement
Data packet end constitutes data packet format.
In this embodiment, cloud platform is used as service system using Windows Server 2012, using MySQL conduct
Database receives processing language as Front-end Design and Back end data using JSP.By by distributed director monitoring collection
Hybrid energy-storing data analyze and estimation on line SOC.Finally uniformly it is presented to other users and maintenance personnel.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
Those familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can easily think of the change or the replacement, and should all contain
Lid is within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of SOC estimation method based on hybrid accumulator, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1, the state parameter of battery in hybrid accumulator is obtained, and parameter preset is set, the state parameter includes logical
Open-circuit voltage, the load current, internal resistance of the battery that acquisition obtains are crossed, the parameter preset includes the polarization resistance of battery, polarization
Capacitor；
Step 2, the equivalent-circuit model of hybrid accumulator is established, and constructs one group of vector including the parameter preset and joins
Number, equivalent-circuit model solve the end voltage of battery according to the state parameter and vector parameter；
Step 3, establish the SOC appraising model of hybrid accumulator, the SOC appraising model according to the end voltage and it is described to
Measure the state of charge of parametric solution battery；
Step 4, least square model is established, the least square model is according to adaptive forgetting factor total least square institute
It establishes, the least square model is used to be iterated calculating to the vector parameter, and by the vector parameter after iterative calculation
Return to the equivalent-circuit model and SOC appraising model；
Step 5, step 2 is repeated to step 4.
2. the SOC estimation method according to claim 1 based on hybrid accumulator, which is characterized in that the step 2
In, the equivalent-circuit model includes SOC model and single order Dai Weining model, wherein the single order Dai Weining model are as follows:
Vt=Voc-Vp-IRs
In the SOC model, the relational expression between state-of-charge and open-circuit voltage and load current is respectively as follows:
SOC (t)=η I (t)/Q
Wherein, VocFor open-circuit voltage, VpFor polarizing voltage, VtTo hold voltage, RsFor the internal resistance of acquisition, RpFor polarization resistance, CpFor
Polarization capacity, I are the load current of acquisition, and c is fitting coefficient, and n is equal to the nominal charge amount that 4, Q is hybrid accumulator, and η is
Coulombic efficiency, SOC are state of charge.
3. the SOC estimation method according to claim 2 based on hybrid accumulator, which is characterized in that the vector ginseng
Number includes first group of vector parameter and second group of vector parameter, first group of vector parameter are as follows: θk=[a1,k b0,k b1,k]T,
Second group of vector parameter beWherein,
Wherein, variable Vp=Vt-Voc, VtTo hold voltage, VocFor open-circuit voltage, a1,k、b0,k、b1,kRespectively three intermediate variables,
The data that subscript k indicates kth time acquisition or calculates, the data that subscript k-1 indicates kth -1 time acquisition or calculates.
4. the SOC estimation method according to claim 3 based on hybrid accumulator, which is characterized in that shown step 2
In, obtain the calculating process of the end voltage are as follows: the formula (1) is first subjected to Laplace transform, is obtained
Vq(s)/I (s)=(Rs+Rp+RsCps)/(1+RpCps) (2)
Bilinear transformation is carried out to (2) formula, is obtained
Vq(q-1)/I(q-1)=(b0+b1q-1)/(1+a1q-1) (3)
(3) formula is converted into discrete time domain representation:
Then, the estimated value for holding voltage is
Wherein, variable s=2 (q-1)/ts/ (q+1), q are Discrete Operator, tsIt is sampling interval, VqFor intermediate variable, VtFor battery
End voltage, VocThe open-circuit voltage of battery, RsFor the internal resistance of battery, RpFor the polarization resistance of battery, CpFor the polarization electricity of battery
Hold, the data that subscript k indicates kth time acquisition or calculates.
5. the SOC estimation method according to claim 4 based on hybrid accumulator, which is characterized in that the step 3
In, the SOC appraising model includes model state matrix and SOC estimation formula, wherein the model state matrix is
X=[Vp,SOC]T
Wherein, SOC is the state-of-charge to be estimated, VpFor the polarizing voltage to be estimated；It is built according to the model state matrix
The vertical SOC estimates formula are as follows:
Wherein, variableL is feedback oscillator, VtFor the end voltage of t moment；For
The estimated value of the end voltage of t moment, F is battery model function；
And
Wherein, C is fitting parameter, p1、p2For corrected parameter provided by least square model, η is coulombic efficiency.
6. the SOC estimation method according to claim 5 based on hybrid accumulator, which is characterized in that the step 4
In, the iteration renewal equation in the least square model is,
Wherein, μkFor the modifying factor, and,
Wherein,
Wherein, variable
VariableWhereinWherein E is to ask expectation
Variable
Wherein
VariableWhereinFor the variance of collection voltages,To acquire electric current variance
g1,k、g2,k、g3,k, three constructed fuctions when respectively representing kth time iterative calculation.
7. a kind of SOC estimating system based on hybrid accumulator, which is characterized in that including data acquisition unit, controller, use
In data transmission unit, the cloud platform of transmitting data, the cloud platform includes data compatible with the data transmission unit
Receiving unit, data storage cell, data processing unit and display unit, the data acquisition unit and data transmission unit
Be connected respectively with the controller, the data receipt unit, data storage cell, display unit respectively with the data processing
Unit is connected, wherein
The data acquisition unit is transferred to the controller for acquiring hybrid accumulator voltage, electric current and internal resistance, institute
State controller according to the voltage, electric current and internal resistance estimate state of charge, and by the data transmission unit by the voltage,
Electric current, internal resistance and state of charge are sent to the data receipt unit, and the data processing unit is from the data receipt unit
The voltage, electric current, internal resistance and state of charge are obtained, and is sent to the data storage cell and is stored, and be sent to institute
Display unit is stated to be shown.
8. the SOC estimating system according to claim 7 based on hybrid accumulator, which is characterized in that the data are adopted
Collection unit includes for the voltage acquisition module of collection voltages, the current acquisition module for acquiring electric current and in acquiring
The internal resistance acquisition module of resistance；The voltage acquisition module includes n acquisition group, and n is natural number, and the acquisition group respectively includes simultaneously
It is coupled to difference channel, operational amplifier, light-coupled isolation switch and the A/D conversion at super capacitor both ends or battery group both ends
Device, wherein the output end of the difference channel is connected with the input terminal of the operational amplifier, the output end of operational amplifier with
The input terminal of the light-coupled isolation switch is connected, and the output end of the light-coupled isolation switch is connected with the A/D converter, described
The output end of A/D converter is connected with the controller, and the controller is calculated separately according to each acquisition group data collected
Corresponding voltage value out, and the n voltage values are added, obtain the voltage.
9. the SOC estimating system according to claim 8 based on hybrid accumulator, which is characterized in that the electric current is adopted
Collection module includes the hall element sensor for being set to battery group, current signal converter, A/D converter, and Hall element passes
The output end of sensor is connected with the input terminal of current signal converter, the output end of current signal converter and A/D converter
Input terminal is connected, and the output end of A/D converter is connected with the controller, wherein the hall element sensor is used for will be by
Current signal in slowdown monitoring circuit is converted to analog current signal, and is transferred to current signal converter, and current signal converter is used
In converting corresponding analog voltage signal for the analog current signal, and it is transferred to the A/D converter, A/D converter
For converting data-signal for the analog voltage signal, and it is transferred to the controller, controller is believed according to the number
Number calculate electric current.
10. the SOC estimating system according to claim 8 based on hybrid accumulator, which is characterized in that the internal resistance is adopted
Collection module includes analog multiplier, low-pass filter, dc amplifier, A/D converter, is parallel in battery group and for adopting
Harvest the AC differential circuit of battery pack both end voltage response signal and the AC constant-current source for generating sinusoidal signal；Exchange
The output end of difference channel is that output end is connected with the input terminal of the analog multiplier respectively with AC constant-current source, analogue multiplication
The output end of device is connected with the input terminal of the low-pass filter, and the output end of low-pass filter is defeated with the dc amplifier
Enter end to be connected, the output end of dc amplifier is connected with the input terminal of the A/D converter, the output end of A/D converter and institute
Controller is stated to be connected；Wherein, the analog multiplier is for voltage responsive signal to be multiplied with the sinusoidal signal, low-pass filtering
Device is used to switch to AC signal direct current signal, and dc amplifier for amplifying to the direct current signal, use by A/D converter
In amplified direct current signal is converted into digital signal, and it is transferred to controller, controller calculates according to the digital signal
Internal resistance out.
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| CN112505566A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-03-16 | 河南克能新能源科技有限公司 | Dynamic impedance judgment system and method in battery charging and discharging process |
| CN112965001A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-06-15 | 重庆大学 | Power battery pack fault diagnosis method based on real vehicle data |
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