CN110361357A - A kind of single array element photoacoustic spectrum signal acquisition system and method for skin detection - Google Patents
A kind of single array element photoacoustic spectrum signal acquisition system and method for skin detection Download PDFInfo
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- A61B5/0093—Detecting, measuring or recording by applying one single type of energy and measuring its conversion into another type of energy
- A61B5/0095—Detecting, measuring or recording by applying one single type of energy and measuring its conversion into another type of energy by applying light and detecting acoustic waves, i.e. photoacoustic measurements
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/44—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the integumentary system, e.g. skin, hair or nails
- A61B5/441—Skin evaluation, e.g. for skin disorder diagnosis
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/1702—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids
- G01N2021/1706—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids in solids
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of single array element photoacoustic spectrum signal acquisition systems and method for skin detection, system body includes: computer, pulse laser, fiber optic bundle, light splitting piece, condenser lens, diaphragm, pin type hydrophone, sink, black matrix, single array element detection energy converter, amplifier and oscillograph, method specifically includes: the pulse laser after line focus lens shaping, spot size is adjusted by diaphragm, vertical irradiation generates photoacoustic signal to sample to be tested tissue；Pulsed laser irradiation after line focus lens shaping utilizes the photoacoustic signal of energy converter acquisition black matrix generation on the black matrix for being dipped in sink；By signal acquisition, signal processing obtains the optoacoustic energy absorption spectrum of sample to be tested；Optoacoustic power sound spectrum under selected characteristic wavelength carries out once linear fitting, provides diversified quantitative information using the linear fit parameter of acquisition for skin detection.Compared with prior art, the present invention has many advantages, such as that high sensitivity, detection depth are deep.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of medical equipment, believe more particularly, to a kind of single array element photoacoustic spectrum for skin detection
Number obtain system and method.
Background technique
Skin is the maximum organ of human body, plays the health of human body body particularly important protective effect.
Noninvasive diagnostic imaging method currently used for skin disease diagnosis includes optical imagery and ultrasonic imaging etc..Optics at
As that can provide relatively high imaging resolution, but since the scattering of light in biological tissues is stronger, penetration depth is limited, leads
It causes imaging depth insufficient, the imaging of superficial can only be carried out, accurate pathology can not be made for different skin thickness layers and examined
It is disconnected.Ultrasonic imaging can provide deeper imaging depth compared to optical imagery, it may be determined that skin lesion thickness, but its imaging is based on life
The acoustic impedance difference of object tissue, therefore often it is difficult to differentiate between the chemical property difference lesion that still physical property is but not much different
Region and normal tissue, cause contrast not high, are especially difficult to carry out the diagnosis of early stage；And ultrasonic imaging lacks to chemical information
Analysis, the effective Pathological Information that can be provided is less, cannot function as the foundation made a definite diagnosis；In addition, these equal nothings of diagnostic imaging mode
Method provides quantitative information.
For single array element optoacoustic spectral method of skin detection, the advantages of combining optics and acoustics, can be realized certain
Imaging depth under, reach enough resolution ratio.Simultaneously this method compensate for current imaging diagnosis mode can only from physics or
The single aspect of chemistry provides information, and can not provide the limitation of quantitative information, chemically can dissect biology in tissue level
Property, content, microstructure change of structural constituent etc. provide more accurate objective quantification information.To institutional framework and function
The ability of information Overall Acquisition also can be the inexorable trend of medical treatment, bioscience development.
Chinese patent CN201510935010 provides a kind of ultrasonic photoacoustic optoacoustic spectrum imaging system and method, this method are adopted
Skin spectrum image checking is carried out with array ultrasonic probe, however this method sensitivity is low, easily lacks high-frequency information；And obtain
Optoacoustic spectrum information be optoacoustic two dimension spectrogram, be only capable of it is qualitative tissue is judged, quantitative information can not be obtained, to tissue carry out visitor
See accurately judgement.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide one kind to be used for skin detection
Single array element photoacoustic spectrum signal acquisition system and method.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of single array element photoacoustic spectrum signal acquisition system for skin detection, the system include:
Computer, for controlling pulse laser transmitting multi-Wavelength Pulses laser.
Pulse laser, for receiving computer instruction emission pulse laser.
Multimode fiber-optic bundle, the pulse laser for the transmitting of pilot pulse laser.
Sink, for impregnating black matrix and coupling acoustical signal.
Light splitting piece for the pulse laser after multimode fiber-optic bundle guides to be divided, and exposes to be measured group respectively
It knits on sample and is irradiated to and immerse on the black matrix in sink.
Condenser lens, for being focused to the pulse laser beam after light splitting.
Diaphragm adjusts the light being irradiated on test serum sample for carrying out size adjusting to the pulse laser after focusing
Spot size.
Pin type hydrophone, for acquiring the photoacoustic signal of test serum sample generation.
Energy converter immerses in sink, for acquiring the photoacoustic signal of black matrix generation.
Amplifier is amplified for the photoacoustic signal respectively to pin type hydrophone, energy converter acquisition.
Oscillograph, for the pin type hydrophone and the collected photoacoustic signal of energy converter to be shown and acquired.
A kind of single array element photoacoustic spectrum signal acquiring method for skin detection, this method comprises the following steps:
S1, test serum sample is wrapped up using couplant, black matrix is immersed in sink, multi-Wavelength Pulses ray laser is passed through
Cross light splitting piece light splitting.
S2, the pulsed light laser after light splitting is passed through to condenser lens focusing illumination in test serum sample respectively and immerses water
On black matrix in slot, area to be tested size is determined to adjust diaphragm size, determines the hot spot being irradiated on test serum sample
Size.
S3, it is coupled to receive the photoacoustic signal generated from sample using coupled dose of pin type hydrophone, energy converter is placed in
In sink and it is directed at black matrix, receives the photoacoustic signal that black matrix generates.
The photoacoustic signal that S4, the photoacoustic signal for generating test serum sample generate black matrix carries out energy normalizing, with into
The calibration of row laser energy, while frequency response calibration is carried out to pin type hydrophone.
S5, the signal after the calibration of energy normalizing is handled, obtains the light absorption energy spectrogram of test serum sample.
Preferably, welch processing is carried out to the signal after the calibration of energy normalizing, to obtain the light absorption of test serum sample
Energy spectrogram.
S6, multiple characteristic absorption optical wavelength are chosen according to light absorption energy spectrogram, carries out optoacoustic power sound spectrum once linear
Fitting.Specific steps include:
1) the energy absorption spectrogram of acquisition and the energy absorption spectrogram of known pure structural constituent are compared, is chosen more
A feature light absorption wavelength, such as hemoglobin, collagen, lipid, melanin feature light absorption wavelength；
2) photoacoustic signal under feature light absorption wavelength is extracted, signal processing is carried out, obtains the optoacoustic under corresponding optical wavelength
Power sound spectrum, and carry out once linear fitting.
S7, the once linear fitting parameter including slope, intercept, intermediate value is extracted according to the fitting result of step S6.
S8, the fitting parameter that will acquire are used to provide diversified quantitative information for skin disease detection.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages that
One, it present invention employs the mode of photoacoustic spectrum detection, is carried using photoacoustic signal and is dissected on chemical structural constituent
The information such as property, content and the microstructure change of biological tissue can be realized and utilize its optoacoustic power sound spectrum at a particular wavelength
Linear fit parameter carries out quantitative detection, and penetration depth is deep, high sensitivity, and high-frequency information not easy to lose；
Two, the type of focusing that the present invention takes is the weak focus with certain size, so that entire sample tissue is all by light
Source irradiation generates photoacoustic signal, can obtain the biological information of entire tissue samples, including chemical structural constituent and tissue it is micro-
Structural information etc.；Whole test serum samples in addition to direction of illumination are wrapped up using couplant, ensure that can obtain entire sample
This photoacoustic signal helps to obtain the more fully information such as the molecular chemistry of test serum sample, microstructure, and traditional
Imaging diagnosis mode is compared, and the present invention is capable of providing quantitative information, and can provide physics Microstructure Information and chemistry simultaneously
Component information；
Three, the present invention carries out multi-point signal acquisition using the rotation of pin type hydrophone, can obtain richer information, and can
Two dimensional image is obtained to rebuild, obtains the quantitative information for corresponding to each position, high sensitivity, broader bandwidth；
Four, the present invention immerses black matrix in sink, and photoacoustic signal, the optoacoustic of generation are generated after pulsed laser irradiation excites
Signal is used to carry out the calibration of light energy normalizing to multi-Wavelength Pulses laser, and stability is high, eliminates laser itself in different light
The different inherent limitation of energy under wavelength；
Five, the present invention avoids system shadow caused by data itself by carrying out frequency response calibration using pin type hydrophone
It rings, system noise can be effectively removed.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of present system；
Fig. 2 is the flow diagram of the method for the present invention；
In Fig. 1 shown in label:
1, computer, 2, pulse laser, 3, multimode fiber-optic bundle, 4, light splitting piece, 5, condenser lens, 6, diaphragm, 7, pin type water
Listen device, 8, black matrix, 9, sink, 10, energy converter, 11, amplifier, 12, oscillograph, 13, test serum sample.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Obviously, described embodiment is this
A part of the embodiment of invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art exist
Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, all should belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention relates to a kind of single array element photoacoustic spectrum signal acquisition system for skin detection, the system
Including computer 1, pulse laser 2, multimode fiber-optic bundle 3, light splitting piece 4, condenser lens 5, diaphragm 6, pin type hydrophone 7, sink 9,
Energy converter 10, amplifier 11 and oscillograph 12.Computer 1 is connect with pulse laser 2,2 emission pulse laser of pulse laser by
Multimode fiber-optic bundle 3 guides, and the pulse laser after the guidance of multimode fiber-optic bundle 3 is divided by light splitting piece 4, and passes through focusing respectively
Lens 5 are irradiated on test serum sample 13 after focusing and are irradiated on black matrix 8.Black matrix 8 immerses in the sink 9 for filling water, warp
Photoacoustic signal is generated after pulsed laser irradiation excitation, the photoacoustic signal of generation is used to return multi-Wavelength Pulses laser progress light energy
One.
Diaphragm 6 is used to carry out the pulse laser after focusing size adjusting, and is irradiated to test serum sample for adjusting
Spot size on 13.The photoacoustic signal that the detection acquisition test serum sample 13 of pin type hydrophone 7 generates, and utilize amplifier 11
It shows and acquires in oscillograph 12 after being amplified to the signal of acquisition.The photoacoustic signal that the detection acquisition black matrix 8 of energy converter 10 generates,
And it shows and acquires in oscillograph 12 after being amplified using the signal of 11 pairs of amplifier acquisitions.
Laser pulse is subjected to weak focus using condenser lens, optical energy density can be improved, and then improve optoacoustic noise
Than, and be able to achieve light and irradiate test serum sample completely, so that entire sample tissue can generate photoacoustic signal；Light therein
Door screen, adjustment spot size that can be in due course according to the size of sample tissue increase the flexibility of system；Multi-Wavelength Pulses laser
Scanning range is 690-950nm and 1200-1800nm, covers the characteristic absorption wavelength of Various Tissues ingredient, can be more complete
Reflect to face the optical characteristics of sample to be tested.
Preferably, the selection of pin type hydrophone 7 high sensitivity, the pin type hydrophone of bandwidth (can preferentially select 1-20MHz),
Ground photoacoustic signal is generated from sample for preferably receiving.
The invention further relates to a kind of single array element photoacoustic spectrum signal acquiring method for skin detection, this method is based on above-mentioned
System, including the following steps:
Step 1 builds experiment optical path, using multi-Wavelength Pulses laser irradiation area to be tested, is wrapped up with coupling agent for medical use
Test serum sample, black matrix is immersed in sink, and multi-Wavelength Pulses ray laser is divided by light splitting piece.
Pulsed light laser after light splitting is passed through condenser lens focusing illumination in test serum sample and leaching by step 2 respectively
Enter on the black matrix in sink, determines area to be tested size to adjust diaphragm size, determination is irradiated on test serum sample
Spot size.
Step 3 makes pulse laser line focus lens weak focus, and is irradiated to be measured group after diaphragm adjusts spot size
It knits on sample, is coupled to receive the photoacoustic signal generated from sample using coupled dose of pin type hydrophone；Energy converter is placed in water
In slot and it is directed at black matrix, receives the photoacoustic signal that black matrix generates.
The photoacoustic signal that tissue samples generate is carried out energy normalizing to the photoacoustic signal that black matrix generates by step 4, to carry out
Laser energy calibration, while frequency response calibration is carried out to pin type hydrophone, remove systematic influence.
Step 5 carries out welch processing to the photoacoustic signal after normalizing calibration, obtains the light absorption energy of test serum sample
Measure spectrogram.
Step 6 obtains optoacoustic power sound spectrum linear fit parameter under feature light absorption wavelength:
The light absorption energy spectrogram of acquisition and the energy absorption spectrogram of known pure structural constituent are compared, chosen more
A feature light absorption wavelength, such as hemoglobin, collagen, lipid, melanin feature light absorption wavelength.
The photoacoustic signal under character pair light absorption wavelength is extracted, signal processing is carried out, obtains the light under corresponding optical wavelength
Several power spectrum, and carry out once linear fitting；Once linear fitting parameter, including slope, intercept, intermediate value etc. are extracted, is carried out
Quantitative assessment.
Step 7 provides diversified quantitative information using the fitting parameter of acquisition for skin disease detection.
For optoacoustic effect, the type of focusing that the present invention takes is the weak focus with certain size, so that entirely
Sample tissue all generates photoacoustic signal by light irradiation, can obtain the biological information of entire tissue samples, including chemical group
It is made into point and tissue microstructure information etc..
Optoacoustic, is the detection technique that light goes out into sound, and optoacoustic effect describes a kind of utilization pulse laser or modulated electromagnetic
Wave irradiates organizationally as sound wave excitaton source, and intracorporal macromolecular chromophores is organized to generate radiation sound energy due to thermoelastic effect
Process.Optoacoustic is that optical advantage is combined on the platform of ultrasound, and investigation depth deeper retains high sensitivity simultaneously.Together
When based on tissue in absorb group characteristic spectrum absorb and morphosis, photoacoustic signal can carry simultaneously detection sample object
The information such as reason, chemistry, microstructure, compare edge detection technology in current many arts, more precisely define boundary, following formula is
Optoacoustic equation, showing will outside radiative acoustic wave when tissue is heated (illumination) by time-varying:
Wherein, β is thermal expansion coefficient,For heat content, ηthFor thermal conversion efficiency,It is biological tissue's quilt
The ratio optical power of irradiation zone deposits,For luminous flux, CpHold for constant pressure specific heat,For t moment, the acoustic pressure generated at r,For Laplace operator, c is the velocity of sound, and V is volume.
In step 1, using couplant package except direction of illumination in addition to whole test serum samples, ensure that can obtain it is whole
The photoacoustic signal of a sample, help obtain the more fully information such as the molecular chemistry of test serum sample, microstructure；Use needle
Formula hydrophone, high sensitivity, broader bandwidth (1-20MHz)；Meanwhile pin type hydrophone being rotated and carries out multi-point signal acquisition, it can
To obtain richer information, it might even be possible to which reconstruction obtains two dimensional image, obtains the quantitative information for corresponding to each position.
In step 3 and step 4, the photoacoustic signal generated using black matrix carries out the normalizing of light energy to tissue samples to be measured
Calibration, stability is high, eliminates laser different inherent limitation of energy in the case where Different lightwave is long itself；Pin type water is carried out to listen
The frequency response of device is calibrated, and system influence caused by data itself is avoided, to remove system noise.
In step 5, using pWelch function in Matlab software, (smoothly for 30000, signal overlap rate is averagely window
90%) time-frequency convert is carried out, the power spectrum of signal is calculated, the light absorption energy spectrogram of test serum sample is obtained, wherein horizontal seat
Be designated as light absorption wavelength (690-950nm, 1200-1800nm), ordinate be absorb laser generate photoacoustic signal normalizing after
Energy amplitude (using the characteristic absorption peak wavelength 1450nm of water as normalizing point)；By the light absorption energy spectrogram of acquisition with it is known pure
The energy absorption spectrogram of structural constituent (aerobic hemoglobin, anaerobic hemoglobin, collagen, lipid, melanin, water etc.) carries out
Comparison, choose multiple feature light absorption wavelengths (absorption peak, or the light absorption wavelength much higher than other substances), as hemoglobin,
The features light absorption wavelength such as collagen, lipid, melanin, with content, the micro-structure to these structural constituents in tissue samples to be measured
Equal variations are analyzed.
In step 6, the photoacoustic signal under corresponding structural constituent feature light absorption wavelength is extracted, signal processing is carried out, is obtained
Optoacoustic power sound spectrum under corresponding optical wavelength, and carry out once linear fitting；Acquisition once linear fitting parameter, including slope,
Intercept, intermediate value etc..Wherein intercept and intermediate value are the assessments to structural constituent content, and intercept reflection is low frequency in corresponding in tissue
The assessment of the tissue content of size；Intermediate value is also referred to as intermediate frequency intensity, is the reflection to the intensity of tissue average signal；Slope reflection
Be the Relative distribution that the tissue size of low-and high-frequency is corresponded in tissue, be to the uniformity coefficient of tissue, heterogeneous assessment.Such as exist
Often along with the paraplasm of blood vessel in tumor tissues, then content of hemoglobin will increase relative to normal tissue, it is corresponding
Hemoglobin feature light absorption optical wavelength under once linear fitting parameter, intercept and intermediate value would generally become larger, and slope can become
It is small.Therefore, it can use optoacoustic power sound spectrum fitting parameter and carry out quantitative assessment, to provide multiplicity for skin disease detection
The quantitative information of change.
Present invention employs the modes of photoacoustic spectrum detection, are carried using photoacoustic signal and dissect biology on chemical structural constituent
The information such as property, content and the microstructure change of tissue can be realized linear using its optoacoustic power sound spectrum at a particular wavelength
Fitting parameter carries out quantitative detection, and penetration depth is deep, high sensitivity, and will not lose information.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
The staff for being familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can readily occur in various equivalent modifications or replace
It changes, these modifications or substitutions should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with right
It is required that protection scope subject to.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of single array element photoacoustic spectrum signal acquisition system for skin detection characterized by comprising
Computer, for controlling pulse laser transmitting multi-Wavelength Pulses laser；
Pulse laser, for receiving computer instruction emission pulse laser；
Multimode fiber-optic bundle, the pulse laser for the transmitting of pilot pulse laser；
Sink, for impregnating black matrix and coupling acoustical signal；
Light splitting piece for the pulse laser after multimode fiber-optic bundle guides to be divided, and exposes to test serum sample respectively
In sheet and be irradiated to immerse sink in black matrix on；
Condenser lens, for being focused to the pulse laser beam after light splitting；
It is big to adjust the hot spot being irradiated on test serum sample for carrying out size adjusting to the pulse laser after focusing for diaphragm
It is small；
Pin type hydrophone, for acquiring the photoacoustic signal of test serum sample generation；
Energy converter immerses in sink, for acquiring the photoacoustic signal of black matrix generation；
Amplifier is amplified for the photoacoustic signal respectively to pin type hydrophone, energy converter acquisition；
Oscillograph, for the pin type hydrophone and the collected photoacoustic signal of energy converter to be shown and acquired.
2. a kind of signal acquisition using single array element photoacoustic spectrum signal acquisition system described in claim 1 for skin detection
Method, which is characterized in that this method includes the following steps:
1) test serum sample is wrapped up using couplant, black matrix is immersed in sink, by multi-Wavelength Pulses ray laser through excessive
Mating plate light splitting；
2) pulsed light laser after light splitting is passed through into condenser lens focusing illumination in test serum sample respectively and is immersed in sink
Black matrix on, determine area to be tested size to adjust diaphragm size, determine the spot size being irradiated on test serum sample；
3) it is coupled to receive the photoacoustic signal generated from sample using coupled dose of pin type hydrophone, energy converter is placed in sink
And it is directed at black matrix, receive the photoacoustic signal that black matrix generates；
4) photoacoustic signal for generating test serum sample carries out energy normalizing to the photoacoustic signal that black matrix generates, to carry out laser
Energy calibration, while frequency response calibration is carried out to pin type hydrophone；
5) signal after the calibration of energy normalizing is handled, obtains the light absorption energy spectrogram of test serum sample；
6) multiple characteristic absorption optical wavelength are chosen according to light absorption energy spectrogram, carries out the fitting of optoacoustic power sound spectrum once linear；
7) the once linear fitting parameter including slope, intercept, intermediate value is extracted.
3. a kind of single array element photoacoustic spectrum signal acquiring method for skin detection according to claim 2, feature exist
In in step 5), to the signal progress welch processing after the calibration of energy normalizing, the light absorption energy of acquisition test serum sample
Spectrogram.
4. a kind of single array element photoacoustic spectrum signal acquiring method for skin detection according to claim 3, feature exist
In, step 6) specifically includes the following steps:
61) the energy absorption spectrogram of acquisition and the energy absorption spectrogram of known pure structural constituent are compared, is chosen multiple
Feature light absorption wavelength；
62) photoacoustic signal under feature light absorption wavelength is extracted, signal processing is carried out, obtains the optoacoustic sound function under corresponding optical wavelength
Rate spectrum, and carry out once linear fitting.
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