CN110298579A - A kind of construction method of new energy passenger car urban operating condition - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of construction methods of new energy passenger car urban operating condition, belong to new-energy automobile driving cycle field.The construction method is mostly the project developments such as the energy consumption of orthodox car, emission test for existing driving cycle, the problems such as less influence in view of the gradient to energy consumption, public bus network is reasonably selected based on different zones difference flow of the people and vehicle flowrate, acquire bus real vehicle data, the short stroke comprising speed and grade information is extracted from floor data, the method for the principal component analysis and clustering synthesis of utilization includes the public transport stereo operating condition of speed and road slope information.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to new-energy automobile driving cycle fields, and in particular to a kind of new energy passenger car urban operating condition
Construction method.
Background technique
To solve energy and environmental problem, new-energy automobile constantly is introduced in field of traffic in recent years, in energy-saving and emission-reduction
Riding comfort is improved simultaneously.At the same time, it is also required to further as the operating condition for measuring electric car energy consumption and economy
Research.Domestic operating condition is such as applied to the Typical Cities in China operation cycle of commercial vehicle, in fact, because of orthodox car and new energy
The drive form and energy source of automobile constitute difference, and the operating condition evaluated new-energy automobile energy consumption, use cost etc. is also answered
It is had differences with orthodox car.In addition, the driving cycle that is constructed based on somewhere or city and specifically for electric car
Operating condition does not also consider the influence in road ramp.
Firstly, electric car is usually driven by motor, can be realized Brake energy recovery is its notable feature, and slope
Road then will have a direct impact on the number to recover energy, to influence vehicle energy consumption.Secondly, electronic vapour different from orthodox car
Vehicle especially hybrid vehicle ignores gradient factor there are multiple kinds of energy source (such as battery, Auxiliary Power Unit, engine)
It will affect driving, the braking requirement power of vehicle, thus change the power distribution relationship between energy source, it can not be in global sense
The lower optimum management for realizing energy.Therefore, the operating condition comprising velocity characteristic is difficult to accurately carry out the optimization distribution of energy merely, from
And can not objective measure vehicle energy consumption, more meet new-energy automobile using the three-dimensional operating condition including speed and gradient feature
Actual conditions.
Summary of the invention
Based on above-mentioned consideration, the present invention is directed to new energy passenger car, proposes a kind of new energy passenger car urban work
The construction method of condition, the construction method include that test course is chosen, data acquisition, short stroke divides and three-dimensional operating condition building.It will
The driving cycle that the method constructs is with other operating condition comparative analyses it is found that of the present invention includes speed and road slope
The three-dimensional operating condition of degree information has the advantage that
(1) it more can truly reflect the actual road traffic condition in city；
(2) theory is perfect, is easily achieved, driving cycle precision height；
(3) the three-dimensional operating condition including speed and gradient feature more meets the actual conditions of electric car.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the invention is achieved in that
A kind of construction method of new energy passenger car urban operating condition, includes the following steps:
(1) road network information basic to city, the flow of the people of different periods and different zones and vehicle flowrate are investigated；Root
The road traffic flow shown according to finding chooses test course and required sample size and times of collection；According to investigation
As a result rush hour, flat peak phase and the low peak period showed determines the time that test carries out.
(2) in test period, passenger car is tested by driver's normal driving, is counted with vehicle installation data acquisition instrument
According to acquisition, the Velocity-time and the gradient-temporal information of vehicle driving are obtained；
(3) Velocity-time of vehicle and the gradient-time are analyzed, divides short stroke, extracted and represented by " dimensionality reduction "
Property characteristic parameter be used as clustering；
(4) comprehensively consider time scale shared by each classification, related coefficient, Euclidean distance, selection can most represent of all categories
Short stroke, synthesis include speed and grade information urban operating condition.
Further, the step (1) specifically comprises the following steps:
City expressway, trunk roads, secondary distributor road, branch are obtained by way of collecting network data information, inspection information
Road network information；Different zones are obtained in the traffic flow of different periods by on-the-spot investigation, the method for reading traffic surveillance videos
Amount.
According to city road network information, the flows of the people such as selection covering downtown, industrial area, school, scenic spot, passenger station and
A plurality of representative city test course in the different region of vehicle flowrate, occupies most of region within tricyclic, packet
Containing four through street, trunk roads, secondary distributor road, branch category of roads, and density degree is reasonable；Data acquire the period be 7:00~
21:00, including peak period, flat peak phase and low peak period.
The test circuit more for flow of the people and the biggish regional choice of vehicle flowrate；The king-sized shopping centre of flow of the people and
Passenger station region, 2 above data of repeated acquisition.
Further, the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
According to the test course and test period of selection, road data acquisition is carried out using GPS and IMU inertial navigation system
Test, sample frequency 1Hz.
Further, the step (3) specifically comprises the following steps:
Define starting to idling next time initially as a short stroke, by acquisition for vehicle operation Shi Yici idling
Initial data is divided and is handled, and is selected poor average speed, average operating speed, velocity standard, acceleration time ratio, is slowed down
Time scale, dead time ratio, accelerating sections average acceleration, braking section average retardation rate, acceleration standard deviation, slope standard
Difference, uphill way ratio, descending section ratio, uphill way mean inclination, descending section mean inclination totally 14 characteristic parameters
To characterize the feature of each short stroke.Vehicle driving is calculated apart from component s (t) in the horizontal direction using formula (1):
In formula: v (t) changes with time for speed, and h (t) changes with time for height above sea level.
Functional relation of the gradient i about horizontal distance s is further obtained by formula (2):
The mean inclination of data sample is calculated by formula (3):
In formula: sfFor the distance of operating condition.
In 14 kinds of features of definition, many features have certain correlation each other, and intrinsic dimensionality is higher, adopts
" dimensionality reduction " processing is carried out to initial data with principal component analysis, removal cannot effectively reflect the partial parameters of short stroke feature, choosing
The principal component for selecting accumulation contribution rate to 85% or more replaces former feature, the attribute variable new as short stroke.
Three principal components that Principal Component Analysis obtains are analyzed using hierarchical clustering method, firstly, using Euclidean away from
With a distance between calculating each object of principal component matrix, distance matrix is obtained.Euclidean distance d () calculation formula (4) are as follows:
In formula: Sm,SnRespectively m-th and n-th of short stroke；yM, i,yN, iIn respectively m-th and n-th of short stroke
I principal component.
4 classes are partitioned clips into using hierarchical cluster analysis method, analyze the 1st~4 class short stroke speed, acceleration, the gradient
Feature is denoted as C1, C2, C3, C4, respectively represents general driving cycle, congestion driving cycle, heavy congestion operating condition, smooth
Logical driving cycle.Every class uphill way ratio and average speed negative correlation, and descending section ratio and speed are in positive
Pass relationship.
Further, specific step is as follows for the step (4):
The stage is constructed in three-dimensional operating condition, calculates the time accounting that four class short strokes account for whole short strokes respectively first；Secondly,
Correlation coefficient r is calculated with formula (5)mn,
In formula: rmnFor the related coefficient of m-th of short stroke and n-th of short stroke.
Comprehensively consider time scale shared by each classification, related coefficient, Euclidean distance, choose can most represent it is of all categories short
Stroke, synthesis include the urban operating condition of speed and grade information.
Compared with existing operating condition, the present invention is by the investigation to city road network information and to the tune of the different zones magnitude of traffic flow
It grinds, reasonably selects real train test route and statistics is acquired to operation data, obtained effectively by the smooth and denoising to data
Data and the division for carrying out kinematics segment include speed with the building of the mathematical statistics method such as principal component analysis and clustering
With the three-dimensional operating condition of grade information.In conjunction with the characteristics of different brackets road, Gradient is calculated by measured data, from alternative
Optimal segment synthesis city circulation stereo operating condition is selected in short stroke, it is made to be more in line with the practical road of new energy city passenger car
Road operating status, improves the precision of building state of cyclic operation, and the present invention can also realize braking energy of electric automobiles recycling and energy consumption
Accurate calculating, realize global sense under energy optimum management.
Other advantages, target and feature of the invention will be illustrated in the following description to a certain extent, and
And to a certain extent, based on will be apparent to those skilled in the art to investigating hereafter, Huo Zheke
To be instructed from the practice of the present invention.Target of the invention and other advantages can be realized by following specification and
It obtains.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the frequency disribution of sample car speed of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the normal-moveout spectrum for the new energy passenger car urban operating condition that the present invention constructs；
Fig. 4 is the gradient spectrum for the new energy passenger car urban operating condition that the present invention constructs.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate embodiments of the present invention below by way of specific specific example, those skilled in the art can be by this specification
Other advantages and efficacy of the present invention can be easily understood for disclosed content.The present invention can also pass through in addition different specific realities
The mode of applying is embodied or practiced, the various details in this specification can also based on different viewpoints and application, without departing from
Various modifications or alterations are carried out under spirit of the invention.It should be noted that diagram provided in following embodiment is only to show
Meaning mode illustrates basic conception of the invention, and in the absence of conflict, the feature in following embodiment and embodiment can phase
Mutually combination.
Wherein, the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are merely schematic diagrams, rather than pictorial diagram, should not be understood as to this
The limitation of invention；Embodiment in order to better illustrate the present invention, the certain components of attached drawing have omission, zoom in or out, not
Represent the size of actual product；It will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain known features and its explanation may be omitted and be in attached drawing
It is understood that.
The same or similar label correspond to the same or similar components in the attached drawing of the embodiment of the present invention；It is retouched in of the invention
In stating, it is to be understood that if there is the orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as term " on ", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear"
To be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, be merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, rather than indicate or
It implies that signified device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore is described in attached drawing
The term of positional relationship only for illustration, is not considered as limiting the invention, for the ordinary skill of this field
For personnel, the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term can be understood as the case may be.
As Figure 1-Figure 4, by taking certain domestic typical large size city as an example, new energy passenger car urban operating condition is constructed.
One, data are investigated
By collecting network data information, consulting literatures obtain the route density degree and covering surface of city bus；Pass through
On-the-spot investigation reads traffic surveillance videos acquisition different zones in the magnitude of traffic flow of different periods.
Two, test planning
According to city road network information, the flows of the people such as selection covering downtown, industrial area, school, scenic spot, passenger station and
39 routes of vehicle flowrate different zones.The all types of city's passenger car travel route are contained in this 39 routes: quickly
Road, major trunk roads, subsidiary road, branch, and contain the rural road of a ring, the downtown roads in two rings and tricyclic, Neng Gouzhen
Reflect the overall driving condition of city's passenger car in fact.
Data acquire the period as 7:00~21:00, including peak period, flat peak phase and low peak period.
Three, real train test data acquire
According to the test course and test period of selection, road data acquisition is carried out using GPS and IMU inertial navigation system
Test, sample frequency 1Hz.The route more for flow of the people and the biggish regional choice of vehicle flowrate, flow of the people are king-sized
Shopping centre and passenger station region, 2 above data of repeated acquisition.234088 valid data, the frequency of sample car is finally obtained
Distribution as shown in Fig. 2, the sample data covers the vehicle speed range of 0~56km/h, and in low speed (speed is less than or equal to
Frequency 35km/h) is more than 0.5 × 104。
Four, short stroke divides
Starting to idling next time initially as a short stroke for vehicle operation Shi Yici idling is defined, includes speed
And road slope information, and include at least one section of idling, one section of acceleration and one section of moderating process.Collected floor data is mentioned
The characteristics of 1867 effective short strokes are obtained after unreasonable ingredient out, meet large sample.
Five, characteristic parameter definition and calculating
When selecting poor average speed, average operating speed, velocity standard, acceleration time ratio, deceleration time ratio, idling
Between ratio, accelerating sections average acceleration, braking section average retardation rate, acceleration standard deviation, slope standard be poor, uphill way ratio
Totally 14 characteristic parameters characterize each short row for example, descending section ratio, uphill way mean inclination, descending section mean inclination
The feature of journey, as shown in table 1.
1 short stroke characteristic parameter of table
Speed refers to speed of the vehicle along gradient direction, standard deviation calculation formula (1) are as follows:
In formula: v (t) is car speed, tfThe time is terminated for operating condition, t is the time.
Vehicle driving is calculated apart from component s (t) in the horizontal direction using formula (2):
In formula: h (t) changes with time for height above sea level.
Functional relation of the gradient i about horizontal distance s is further obtained by formula (3):
I (s)=dh/ds (3)
The mean inclination of data sample is calculated by formula (4):
In formula: sfFor the distance of operating condition.
Six, principal component analysis
In 14 kinds of features of definition, many features have certain correlation each other, and intrinsic dimensionality is higher, adopts
" dimensionality reduction " is carried out to segment characterizations with principal component analysis, former feature is replaced using the higher principal component of contribution degree.Principal component analysis
The results are shown in Table 2, first three principal component accumulates contribution rate to 99.76%, can preferably reflect the feature of each short stroke.
First three the principal component analysis result of table 2
Seven, clustering
Three principal components that Principal Component Analysis obtains are analyzed using hierarchical clustering method, firstly, using Euclidean away from
With a distance between calculating each object of principal component matrix, distance matrix is obtained.Euclidean distance d () calculation formula (5) are as follows:
In formula: Sm,SnRespectively m-th and n-th of short stroke；yM, i,yN, iIn respectively m-th and n-th of short stroke
I principal component.
4 classes are partitioned clips into using hierarchical cluster analysis method, analyze the 1st~4 class short stroke speed, acceleration, the gradient
Feature is denoted as C1, C2, C3, C4, respectively represents general driving cycle, congestion driving cycle, heavy congestion operating condition, smooth
Logical driving cycle.Every class uphill way ratio and average speed negative correlation, and descending section ratio and speed are in positive
Pass relationship.
Eight, short-movie section selects
The time accounting that every class short stroke accounts for whole short strokes is calculated, as shown in table 3.
All kinds of short stroke time accountings of table 3
It is found and the highest preceding 6 short stroke conducts of such short stroke comprehensive characteristics similarity from 4 class short strokes respectively
Alternative short stroke.Related coefficient is calculated as similarity measurement using formula (6).
Nine, operating condition synthesizes
The short stroke of synthesis operating condition is selected from alternative short stroke, with reference to short stroke time accountings all kinds of in table 3, and
Appropriate adjustment makes to synthesize operating mode feature parameter and conceptual data characteristic parameter deviation is smaller.The city's urban work finally synthesized
Condition is as shown in figs. 34.The operating condition is transient condition, includes speed and grade information, and time span 1205s is formed as
5.03km, the max speed 38.08kmh-1, maximum acceleration, deceleration degree is respectively 1.27, -1.31ms-2, maximum uphill, downhill
Degree is respectively 4.02%, -4.11%, and mean inclination is -0.044%.
Ten, operating condition is examined
The 14 characteristic parameters comparison for synthesizing operating condition and population sample is as shown in table 4.Comparison synthesis operating condition and conceptual data
The difference of characteristic value is it is found that the former with respect to the characteristic parameter worst error of the latter is 9.44%, mean error 4.63%, i.e. institute
The three-dimensional operating condition of synthesis can preferably reflect passenger car overall operation situation.
Table 4 synthesizes operating condition and the characteristic parameter of population sample compares
Finally, it is stated that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, although referring to compared with
Good embodiment describes the invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to skill of the invention
Art scheme is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from the objective and range of the technical program, should all be covered in the present invention
Scope of the claims in.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of construction method of new energy passenger car urban operating condition, it is characterised in that: method includes the following steps:
(1) road network information basic to city, the flow of the people of different periods and different zones and vehicle flowrate are investigated；According to tune
Road traffic flow as the result is shown is ground, test course and required sample size and times of collection are chosen；According to finding
Rush hour, flat peak phase and the low peak period showed determines the time that test carries out；
(2) in test period, passenger car is tested by driver's normal driving, data is carried out with vehicle installation data acquisition instrument and adopts
Collection, obtains the Velocity-time and the gradient-temporal information of vehicle driving；
(3) Velocity-time of vehicle and the gradient-time are analyzed, divides short stroke, extracted by " dimensionality reduction " representative special
It levies parameter and is used as clustering；
(4) comprehensively consider time scale shared by each classification, related coefficient, Euclidean distance, choose can most represent it is of all categories short
Stroke, synthesis include the urban operating condition of speed and grade information.
2. a kind of construction method of new energy passenger car urban operating condition according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
State in step (1), collecting network data information, city expressway being obtained by way of inspection information, trunk roads, secondary distributor road,
The road network information of branch；Different zones are obtained in the friendship of different periods by on-the-spot investigation, the method for reading traffic surveillance videos
Through-current capacity；
According to city road network information, selection covering downtown, industrial area, school, scenic spot, passenger station flow of the people and vehicle flowrate
A plurality of representative city test course, occupies most of region within tricyclic in different regions, comprising quick
Four road, trunk roads, secondary distributor road, branch category of roads, and density degree is reasonable；Data acquire the period as 7:00~21:00, wrap
Include peak period, flat peak phase and low peak period；
The test circuit more for flow of the people and the biggish regional choice of vehicle flowrate；The king-sized shopping centre of flow of the people and passenger traffic
It stands region, 2 above data of repeated acquisition.
3. a kind of construction method of new energy passenger car urban operating condition according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
It states in step (2), according to the test course and test period of selection, carries out road data using GPS and IMU inertial navigation system
Acquisition test, sample frequency 1Hz.
4. a kind of construction method of new energy passenger car urban operating condition according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
State in step (3), by vehicle operation Shi Yici idling start start to be defined as a short stroke to idling next time, will adopt
The initial data of collection is divided and is handled, and average speed, average operating speed (being free of down time), velocity standard are selected
Difference, acceleration time ratio, deceleration time ratio, dead time ratio, accelerating sections average acceleration, braking section average retardation rate,
Acceleration standard deviation, slope standard be poor, uphill way ratio, descending section ratio, uphill way mean inclination, descending section are flat
Totally 14 characteristic parameters characterize the feature of each short stroke to the equal gradient；Vehicle driving distance is calculated in level using formula (1)
The component s (t) in direction:
In formula: v (t) changes with time for speed, and h (t) changes with time for height above sea level；
Functional relation of the gradient i about horizontal distance s is further obtained by formula (2):
The mean inclination of data sample is calculated by formula (3):
In formula: sfFor the distance of operating condition；
In 14 kinds of features of definition, many features have certain correlation each other, and intrinsic dimensionality is higher, using master
Constituent analysis carries out " dimensionality reduction " processing to initial data, and removal cannot effectively reflect the partial parameters of short stroke feature, and selection is tired
Product contribution rate to 85% or more principal component replaces former feature, the attribute variable new as short stroke；
Three principal components that Principal Component Analysis obtains are analyzed using hierarchical clustering method, firstly, using Euclidean distance meter
The distance between each object of principal component matrix is calculated, distance matrix is obtained；Euclidean distance d () calculation formula (4) are as follows:
In formula: Sm,SnRespectively m-th and n-th of short stroke；yM, i,yN, iI-th in respectively m-th and n-th of short stroke
Principal component；
4 classes are partitioned clips into using hierarchical cluster analysis method, analyze the 1st~4 class short stroke speed, acceleration, gradient feature,
It is denoted as C1, C2, C3, C4, respectively represents general driving cycle, congestion driving cycle, heavy congestion operating condition, unimpeded traveling
Operating condition.
5. a kind of construction method of new energy passenger car urban operating condition according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
It states in step (4), constructs the stage in three-dimensional operating condition, calculate the time accounting that four class short strokes account for whole short strokes respectively first；
Secondly, calculating correlation coefficient r with formula (5)mn,
In formula: rmnFor the related coefficient of m-th of short stroke and n-th of short stroke；
Comprehensively consider time scale shared by each classification, related coefficient, Euclidean distance, selection can most represent short row of all categories
Journey, synthesis include the urban operating condition of speed and grade information.
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Cited By (8)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110807552A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-02-18 | 合肥工业大学 | Urban electric bus running condition construction method based on improved K-means |
| CN111008505A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-04-14 | 西华大学 | Urban ramp driving condition construction method and application |
| CN111222542A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-06-02 | 宁波工程学院 | Based on L1Regularized effective characteristic selection method for working condition of hybrid bus |
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| CN117669998A (en) * | 2024-02-01 | 2024-03-08 | 聊城大学 | Bus working condition construction method considering passenger load change |
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