CN110289953A - A kind of quantum secret communication system - Google Patents
A kind of quantum secret communication system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110289953A CN110289953A CN201910553881.2A CN201910553881A CN110289953A CN 110289953 A CN110289953 A CN 110289953A CN 201910553881 A CN201910553881 A CN 201910553881A CN 110289953 A CN110289953 A CN 110289953A
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- quantum
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- random number
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0819—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0861—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0863—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords involving passwords or one-time passwords
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- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of quantum secret communication systems, and the system comprises quantum random number generator, key management and the distribution servers and multiple quantum secure terminals；The multiple quantum secure terminal and key management and the distribution server are bound；The quantum random number generator, for generating quantum key of the quantum true random number as secret communication；Quantum key is sent to key management and the distribution server；The key management and the distribution server, for controlling quantum random number generator, being also used to receive quantum key and safely issuing to multiple quantum secure terminals；The quantum secure terminal receives and stores quantum key for establishing binding connection by built-in authentication key and key management and the distribution server.It in the system of the present invention, is locally that communication terminal distributes quantum key by single quantum random number generator and quantum key management and the distribution server, system is simple, and safety is reliable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to secret communication fields, and in particular to a kind of quantum secret communication system.
Background technique
The basic process of data encryption is handled with certain algorithm original text and encryption key, to obtain one section
Unreadable code, as ciphertext, this is ciphering process.When ciphertext via network transmission to destination, destination can pass through solution
The inverse operation of key and Encryption Algorithm, decipherment algorithm make ciphertext be transformed into the clear content of script, this is decrypting process.Nothing
By being encryption or decrypting process, wherein being directed to largely calculate work.
Currently, cipher system is divided into symmetrical and two class of asymmetric.It is pair if encryption key is identical with decruption key
Claim cipher system.The characteristics of technology be algorithm disclose, encryption efficiency it is high, but safety is low.If encryption key and decruption key
Difference is then asymmetric cryptosystem.In transmission process, encryption key can be disclosed, and decruption key is then by destination's list
Solely hold.
Nowadays, widely used password, which is substantially by mathematic calculation, realizes: using complicated numeric string
Information is encrypted.No matter how Fu Za mathematical key can also find rule, and cracking complicated teaching aid puzzle becomes meter
Calculate the important hidden danger of network security.
Random number can be divided into two classes: pseudo random number and true random number.So-called pseudo random number, which just refers to, seems random essence
Upper and nonrandom random number.The random number usually used on a computer program is all pseudo random number, they are with specific
What algorithm generated, substantially it is expected that being therefore pseudo random number.
In general the algorithm of pseudo random number is all to have periodically, but this period is sometimes very huge,
But by the calculation of supercomputer, the regularity for finding out pseudo random number is not any difficult thing.
Therefore, although pseudo random number is fully able to meet daily life needs, but the application for bank, military affairs etc.
It is not just very safe.In addition, the encryption of information is more if the algorithm for generating pseudo random number has been obtained by enemy if in advance
It is not know where to begin.
True random number refers to that the sample of random number is not reproducible, unpredictable, has real randomness.Because classical
Macrocosm be substantially it is foreseeable, the generation of true random number can only be realized by quantum physics, such as nuclear fission,
Single photon random number etc..
Why quantum physics can generate real random number, be to work as measurement because the additivity of quantum state is utilized in it
When, quantum state can collapse to a determining state at random.This collapse is that one kind is really random, and any theory all can not
Prediction, therefore be true random number by the random number that quantum physics generate.At present, it has been demonstrated that generated by the quantum state of superposition
Random number can never be repeated.
Current quantum secret communication network is mainly based upon the cable network of optical fiber, and application layer is closed wired guarantor
Subnet is protected, ease for use is by larger limitation, and there is presently no the pratical and feasible schemes that quantum key is used on portable terminal.
But with the development of science and technology, portable terminal demand is growing, therefore it provides a kind of can carry the mobile quantum secure used
Data-link communication terminal and communication system be very it is necessary to.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned technological deficiency, a kind of quantum secret communication system is provided, which can
To provide the traffic demands for the Secure Terminal Unit for being enough to support more extensive quantity, and delay can be reduced, ensure communication
The real-time of business.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of quantum secret communication system, it is random that the system comprises quantum
Number generator, key management and the distribution server and multiple quantum secure terminals；The multiple quantum secure terminal and key pipe
Reason is bound with the distribution server；
The quantum random number generator, for generating quantum key of the quantum true random number as secret communication；It will amount
Sub-key is sent to key management and the distribution server；
The key management and the distribution server are also used to receive quantum key for controlling quantum random number generator
And it safely issues to multiple quantum secure terminals；
The quantum secure terminal is bound for being established by built-in authentication key and key management and the distribution server
Connection, receives and stores quantum key.
As a kind of improvement of above system, quantum key management module is set in the key management and the distribution server
With quantum key distribution module；
The quantum key management module, the key of starting, stopping and generation for controlling quantum random number generator
Amount；It is also used to carry out random number inspection to the quantum key from quantum random number generator received；
Then the quantum key distribution module is issued to for being encrypted by built-in authentication key to quantum key
Multiple quantum secure terminals of binding.
As a kind of improvement of above system, the quantum key distribution module includes: quantum secure terminal binding unit
With quantum key transmission unit；
The quantum secure terminal binding unit, for carrying out authentication to the quantum secure terminal of access, if recognized
Card passes through, then binds the quantum secure terminal；The process of the authentication verification are as follows: judge the mirror built in quantum secret communication terminal
It weighs key and key management and whether the authentication key built in the distribution server is consistent；
The quantum key transmission unit, for sending pre-assigned quantum key for the quantum secure terminal of binding.
As a kind of improvement of above system, the key management have with the authentication key built in the distribution server it is multiple,
One authentication key is for connecting a quantum secure terminal.
As a kind of improvement of above system, authentication key management mould is also set up in the key management and the distribution server
Block receives the authentication key replacement request that the quantum secure terminal of binding is sent, from amount for storing old authentication key KOld
New authentication key KNew is extracted in the authentication key that sub- real random number generator generates；Using old authentication key KOld to new
Authentication key KNew encrypted, obtain ciphertext KNewKOld and be sent to the quantum secure terminal of binding.
As a kind of improvement of above system, the quantum secure terminal includes: quantum key management module, quantum key
Setup module and authentication key management module；
The quantum key management module, for carrying out storage and management to received quantum key；
The quantum key setup module: for key strength and key freshness time to be arranged；
The authentication key management module is also used to the key management to binding for storing old authentication key KOld
Authentication key replacement request is sent with the distribution server, as the ciphertext KNew for receiving key management and the distribution server transmission
KOld is decrypted the ciphertext KNewKOld received by the old authentication key KOld prestored, obtains new authentication
Key KNew, and old authentication key KOld is replaced with new authentication key KNew.
Present invention has an advantage that
1, the present invention provides a kind of quantum secret communication systems is encrypted using quantum true random number using one-time pad
Technology and multi-enciphering measure, it is ensured that the safety and real-time of data encryption communication, while the connection of terminal and server is adopted
It is authenticated with key authentication, it is abnormal to report an error automatically, ensure can not cracking for key distribution procedure；
2, the distribution server sheet in the system of the present invention, is managed by single quantum random number generator and quantum key
Ground is that communication terminal distributes quantum key, and system is simple, and safety is reliable；System encryption mode uses the password of " one-time pad "
System encrypts information that is, by the way of information and the isometric exclusive or of key, and encryption is transmitted using different encrypted messages every time
Process unconditional security；
3, the present invention provides a kind of quantum secure terminals, are securely communicated using the mode that quantum key encrypts；
4, system of the invention has high security, high independence, disposes convenient, fast, simple advantage.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of quantum cryptographic system of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the service communication of simplification of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the communication network schematic diagram that multiple quantum secure terminals of the invention form.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of quantum secret communication system, business demand key used in secret communication is random by quantum
Number generator generates, and is issued to multiple quantum secure terminals by authentication via key management and the distribution server,
Complete after key distribution communication terminal can portable mobile use, any business device can be connected and carry out data encryption communication.
The quantum random number generator is for generating quantum key of the quantum true random number as secret communication.
The key management connect quantum random number generator by cable with the distribution server, receives quantum random number hair
Quantum key caused by raw device, and it is distributed to the quantum secure terminal of multiple connections.
The key management and the distribution server can control the key of starting, stopping and the generation of quantum random number generator
Amount.
The key management and the distribution server are for the quantum key meeting from quantum random number generator that receives
Random number inspection is carried out, examines abnormal data to abandon processing and show and reports an error.
The key management and the distribution server reflect to the quantum secure terminal of access by built-in authentication key
Power certification, whether confirmation connected device is legal, and key distribution is begun preparing if legal, if not conforming to rule refusal business
It requests and shows error message.
Quantum key can be passed through the company of being issued to after built-in authentication key encryption by the key management and the distribution server
The multiple quantum secure terminals connect, the quantum secure terminal receive and store encrypted quantum key, logical carrying out secrecy
It is read in real time when letter and quantum true random number key is decrypted by built-in authentication key, for being encrypted to business datum
Transmission.
Multiple quantum secure terminals are carried out by unique authentication key with quantum key management with the distribution server respectively
Binding.The quantum secure terminal is only bound with a quantum key management and the distribution server in the same time, and is bound and used
Authentication key can be with synchronized update.Authentication key in server has multiple, but authentication key in each server is corresponding
One secret communication end.That is the authentication key (only one) of quantum secret communication terminal built-in and key management with point
The authentication key built in server is sent out to correspond.
The authentication key of binding answers the terminal between quantum secure terminal and quantum key management and the distribution server
The request of equipment updates, the method updated are as follows:
1) quantum secure terminal is close to the quantum key management and the distribution server initiation authentication for establishing binding relationship therewith
Key replacement request, quantum key management and the distribution server are extracted newly in the authentication key that quantum real random number generator generates
Authentication key Knew；
2) quantum key management and the distribution server carry out new authentication key KNew using old authentication key KOld
Encryption obtains ciphertext KNewKOld, and sends ciphertext KNewKOld to quantum secure terminal；
3) after quantum secure terminal authentication message end is legal, by old authentication key KOld to the ciphertext received
KNewKOld is decrypted, and obtains new authentication key KNew, and close to replace old authentication with new authentication key KNew
Key KOld.
The quantum secure terminal has two kinds of network interface, optical fiber port communication interfaces, connects key management by cable and divides
Send out the i.e. configurable sub- true random number key of amount to obtain of server；The communication of quantum secure data-link is disconnected eventually after the completion of key distribution
The connection at end and key management and the distribution server, quantum secure terminal can carry to any need and carry out secret communication place.
Every quantum secure terminal can connect more business devices, more quantum secure ends by network interface and the network switch
Pass through network interface or intelligent acess local area network or wide area network between end, needs to carry out secret communication between the business device of two heterodoxies
When, source quantum secure terminal obtains the business datum of business device, is calculated using quantum key and a variety of encryptions and is carried out to data
After encryption, it is transmitted through the network to destination quantum secure terminal, destination quantum secure terminal uses symmetrical quantum key
Encryption data is decrypted, finally by being handled to destination business device reception.
The business device includes but is not limited to computer, video camera, server etc., and the business datum includes but is not limited to
Voice, text, picture, video, file etc..
One simplified service communication is as shown in Figure 2:
Business device A is connected with quantum secure terminal A, and business device B is connected with quantum secure terminal B, and quantum is protected
Data communication is carried out by cable LAN or public network between close terminal A and B.Communication process following steps:
1) prepare: business device connects quantum secure terminal, is ready to that the data of secrecy transmission need to be carried out；
2) secret communication tunnel is established: source quantum secure terminal initiates synchronizing information and gives destination quantum secure terminal,
Authentication is completed, and quantum true random number cipher key sections, Encryption Algorithm selection, verification mode that protocol synchronization uses select, mesh
End receive and handle synchronizing information after, reply source, complete the foundation of secret communication tunnel, both sides enter secret communication state；
3) the secret communication stage: communicating pair foundation common communication fidonetFido, while uplink and downlink data or Dan Shanghang or list
Downlink data transmits encrypted business datum, if communicating pair any end is hung up, secret communication terminates.
Further, the business datum encryption during secret communication combines the data ciphering method of " one-time pad ", or
Person uses fixed length key block encryption technology, and shared symmetric key both sides can be made to transmit being kept absolutely secret for information.
Further, the quantum secure terminal can be by configuring using multiple encryption algorithms, and can configure periodically to institute
The quantum key of storage carries out operation update.
Further, quantum secure data-link communication terminal has AccessPort interface, can access PC machine, on proprietary
Position machine software carries out debugging and easy configuration, open configuration feature are as follows:
1) IP is configured
Configurable terminal traffic mouth and terminal tunnel face IP address.
2) network interface configures
Configurable network interface is service port or data port.
3) pattern configurations
Configurable communication mode is the encrypted transmission mode of switch mode or the encryption of quantum random number key without encryption.
4) node automatic synchronization
Addition communication node need to be only arranged in connected terminal at one end, can automatic synchronization node listing.
5) key management
It can carry out the Android key mirror image that key state is checked, key imports, production encrypts.
6) equipment state is checked
It can check CPU operating status, functional area and tunnel face linear speed and data traffic, automatic refreshing a device filling.
7) key is arranged
Settable key strength and key freshness time.
8) data encryption algorithm
Configurable selection uses the different Encryption Algorithm of quantum key.
Embodiment 3
In practical application, multiple quantum secure terminals constitute communication network, and the communication of each quantum secure data-link is eventually
End can connect multiple business devices by the network switch, as shown in Figure 3.
Quantum cryptographic system framework of the invention is simple, light weight, installation and deployment are convenient.
One quantum random number generator and a key management and the distribution server can connect multiple as cipher key center
The request of quantum secure terminal, server response quantum secure terminal allocates identical quantum key in advance for it, in order to institute
Quantum key need not be obtained from service terminal in real time by stating quantum secure terminal, save call duration time.
When at least two quantum secure terminals are correspondingly connected with from different servers, in the quantum secret communication network
One server, the operation for responding user send identical quantum key to the server being correspondingly connected with quantum secure terminal,
In order to being capable of real-time perfoming secret communication between quantum secure terminal.By the technical program realize quantum secure terminal it
Between using quantum key cipher mode carry out in real time, safety secret communication.
Quantum secure terminal of the invention passes through quantum secrecy technology, the safety of General Promotion data communication, it is ensured that number
It is not cracked according in transmission process.It can simply and quickly realize the seamless interfacing with classic network.It is special with following performance
Point:
1) small in size, it sets up simple
Its equipment is small and exquisite, and interface is succinct, when in use, need to only occupy the remaining space of existing rack or computer room, lead to
Crossing simple connection can be completed the erection of equipment, without significantly adjusting existing computer room framework.
2) easy to operate, seamless access
Its operation interface is simple, it is only necessary to and legacy network can be added by carrying out simple network configuration for legacy network,
It supports automatic, manual two kinds of configuration modes, the secure data link between point-to-point, multiple spot can be established according to demand.
3) compatibility is strong
It supports conventional transport protocol, such as http, https, tcp, udp, can be assisted with the network security of compatible conventional
View further reduced user suitable for most of network structure such as local area network, wide area network, ad hoc network and access threshold.Maintenance
User at low cost is during O&M, it is only necessary to guarantee its normal operation, it will not be to the security protocol in legacy network structure, net
Network control impacts, and maintenance cost is low.
4) one-time pad
Support " one-time pad " encryption technology, user's key in data transmission procedure is only used once, effectively increased
The safety reliability of data transmission.
It should be noted last that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting.Although ginseng
It is described the invention in detail according to embodiment, those skilled in the art should understand that, to technical side of the invention
Case is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departure from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered in the present invention
Scope of the claims in.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of quantum secret communication system, which is characterized in that the system comprises quantum random number generator, key management with
The distribution server and multiple quantum secure terminals；The multiple quantum secure terminal and key management and the distribution server are bound；
The quantum random number generator, for generating quantum key of the quantum true random number as secret communication；Quantum is close
Key is sent to key management and the distribution server；
The key management and the distribution server, for controlling quantum random number generator, being also used to receive quantum key and pacifying
It is issued to multiple quantum secure terminals entirely；
The quantum secure terminal connects for establishing binding by built-in authentication key and key management and the distribution server
It connects, receives and stores quantum key.
2. quantum secret communication system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the key management and the distribution server
Upper setting quantum key management module and quantum key distribution module；
The quantum key management module, the size of key of starting, stopping and generation for controlling quantum random number generator；Also
For carrying out random number inspection to the quantum key from quantum random number generator received；
Then the quantum key distribution module is issued to binding for encrypting by built-in authentication key to quantum key
Multiple quantum secure terminals.
3. quantum secret communication system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the quantum key distribution module packet
It includes: quantum secure terminal binding unit and quantum key transmission unit；
The quantum secure terminal binding unit, for carrying out authentication to the quantum secure terminal of access, if certification is logical
It crosses, then binds the quantum secure terminal；The process of the authentication verification are as follows: judge that the authentication built in quantum secret communication terminal is close
Whether key and key management and the authentication key built in the distribution server are consistent；
The quantum key transmission unit, for sending pre-assigned quantum key for the quantum secure terminal of binding.
4. quantum secret communication system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the key management and the distribution server
Built-in authentication key has multiple, and authentication key is for connecting a quantum secure terminal.
5. quantum secret communication system according to claim 3 or 4, which is characterized in that the key management and distribution take
Authentication key management module is also set up on business device, for storing old authentication key KOld, receives the quantum secure terminal of binding
The authentication key replacement request of transmission extracts new authentication key out of quantum real random number generator generates authentication key
KNew；New authentication key KNew is encrypted using old authentication key KOld, obtain ciphertext KNewKOld and is sent
To the quantum secure terminal of binding.
6. quantum secret communication system according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the quantum secure terminal amount of including:
Sub-key management module, quantum key setup module and authentication key management module；
The quantum key management module, for carrying out storage and management to received quantum key；
The quantum key setup module: for key strength and key freshness time to be arranged；
The authentication key management module, for storing old authentication key KOld, being also used to the key management to binding and dividing
It sends out server and sends authentication key replacement request, as the ciphertext KNewKOld for receiving key management and the distribution server and sending,
The ciphertext KNewKOld received is decrypted by the old authentication key KOld prestored, obtains new authentication key
KNew, and old authentication key KOld is replaced with new authentication key KNew.
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| CN111093060A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-01 | 安徽问天量子科技股份有限公司 | Protection device and protection method for video data acquisition and transmission safety |
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| CN111865590A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-10-30 | 国科量子通信网络有限公司 | Quantum secret communication technology-based work key distribution system in financial field and application method thereof |
| CN113810187A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2021-12-17 | 国科量子通信网络有限公司 | High-speed quantum key distribution system and method |
| CN113890729A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2022-01-04 | 国科量子通信网络有限公司 | Generation method and system of hybrid quantum key |
| CN114124370A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-03-01 | 阿里云计算有限公司 | Key generation method and device |
| CN114285573A (en) * | 2022-03-06 | 2022-04-05 | 浙江九州量子信息技术股份有限公司 | Symmetric key distribution method for resisting quantum attack |
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| CN111093060A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-01 | 安徽问天量子科技股份有限公司 | Protection device and protection method for video data acquisition and transmission safety |
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| CN111865585B (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2022-10-04 | 江苏亨通问天量子信息研究院有限公司 | Quantum mobile terminal communication system, key distribution method and communication method |
| CN111865590A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-10-30 | 国科量子通信网络有限公司 | Quantum secret communication technology-based work key distribution system in financial field and application method thereof |
| CN113890729A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2022-01-04 | 国科量子通信网络有限公司 | Generation method and system of hybrid quantum key |
| CN113890729B (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2023-08-29 | 国科量子通信网络有限公司 | Method and system for generating mixed quantum key |
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| CN113810187B (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2023-12-01 | 国科量子通信网络有限公司 | High-speed quantum key distribution system and method |
| CN114124370A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-03-01 | 阿里云计算有限公司 | Key generation method and device |
| CN114285573A (en) * | 2022-03-06 | 2022-04-05 | 浙江九州量子信息技术股份有限公司 | Symmetric key distribution method for resisting quantum attack |
| CN114285573B (en) * | 2022-03-06 | 2022-05-27 | 浙江九州量子信息技术股份有限公司 | Symmetric key distribution method for resisting quantum attack |
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