CN110287327A - Path adapted information map automatic generation method based on teaching material catalogue and Directed Hypergraph - Google Patents
Path adapted information map automatic generation method based on teaching material catalogue and Directed Hypergraph Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of path adapted information map automatic generation method based on teaching material catalogue and Directed Hypergraph.This method is divided into four parts: firstly, classifying to teaching material；And application catalogue carries out formalization and graphical description to teaching material, constructs knowledge representation hypergraph and knowledge representation chain figure；The knowledge mapping of certain subject is generated by the knowledge representation chain figure and knowledge representation map of similar teaching material catalogue；The description of knowledge connection degree is carried out according to knowledge representation hypergraph based on path adapted information map, generating not only has the description of path adaptability, but also the knowledge mapping with knowledge correlation description；According to the correlation of teaching material, the splicing of knowledge mapping is carried out, constructs the knowledge mapping of certain subject.This method can automatically generate the path adapted information map of some subject according to existing teaching material catalogue use Directed Hypergraph, and then support automatically extracting and generating for individualized knowledge path and individualized learning process；In addition, the map can be to write text books and teaching plan provides foundation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to information and network technique field, and in particular to a kind of path based on teaching material catalogue and Directed Hypergraph
Adapted information map automatic generation method.
Background technique
With the development of the technologies such as computer, network and becoming increasingly abundant for electronic teaching resource, teaching process is being sent out
Raw great variety.From traditional religion with teacher be leading teaching process turn to it is for student-oriented model, with student
Teaching process based on Active Learning.The effect of instructional technology can be given full play to realization and prevents student from learning
The target got lost in the process, it is necessary to solve: " how according to the concrete condition and its locating resource environment situation of learner,
Learn to formulate personalized, optimization Learning Scheme for it from long-range, development angle " this problem.
Since " knowledge mapping " is a kind of entity, concept and incidence relation between them for describing real world objective reality
Semantic network.Therefore, the generation of learning path and learning process all should be using knowledge mapping as foundation, thus establishes corresponding
Knowledge mapping become and carry out individualized learning path, learning process and automatically generate, and then carry out the creation of individualized learning scheme
Key.
Teaching material refers generally to the didactic works of university.Various teaching materials and are combined according to the system of content of certain subject
What the know-how system of student was write.It has content relatively stable, illustrates that system is complete, clear feature is summarized in expression.
Teaching material catalogue is the refinement to whole textbook content and summary.The catalogue of each chapters and sections is the concentration of each unit
And distillation.Catalogue can be used not only as to search the reference of the textbook content page number, and more important is can substantially understand one by it
The content and structure of book.
Directed Hypergraph is the method for describing polynary subset n-tuple relation, it had not only had the characteristics that graphics was visual in image, but also
Theoretical basis with formalization, is expressed and is solved suitable for computer.The characteristics of just because of Directed Hypergraph and know
The consistency of the characteristics of knowledge field itself, which is determined, can carry out knowledge mapping description using Directed Hypergraph.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of path based on teaching material catalogue and Directed Hypergraph
Adapted information map automatic generation method, this method can automatically generate some according to existing teaching material catalogue use Directed Hypergraph
The path adapted information map of subject, so support individualized knowledge path and individualized learning process automatically extract with
It generates.
Path adapted information map automatic generation method based on teaching material catalogue and Directed Hypergraph of the invention.This method
It is divided into following four part:
Firstly, classifying to teaching material；And application catalogue carries out formalization and graphical description to teaching material, constructs knowledge table
Up to hypergraph and knowledge representation chain figure；Certain subject is generated by the knowledge representation chain figure and knowledge representation map of similar teaching material catalogue
Knowledge mapping；Firstly, constructing knowledge representation topological diagram by the knowledge representation chain figure of more similar teaching materials；Next, based on knowing
Know expression topological diagram, Logic relationship analysis, judgement are carried out according to semanteme, generate knowledge logic relational graph；Knowledge based logic is closed
System's figure carries out branching selection according to corresponding knowledge representation chain figure and node state describes, generates path adapted information figure
Spectrum；The description of knowledge connection degree is carried out according to knowledge representation hypergraph based on path adapted information map, generating both has path
Adaptability description, and the knowledge mapping with knowledge correlation description；According to the correlation of teaching material, the spelling of knowledge mapping is carried out
It connects, constructs the knowledge mapping of certain subject.
Specifically, a kind of path adapted information map automatic generation method based on teaching material catalogue and Directed Hypergraph,
The following steps are included:
Step 1, it provides it is an object of the present invention to construct the knowledge mapping of a certain subject automatically, that is, describes the institute of a certain subject
The relationship between knowledge and knowledge for including；Determine that analysis object is teaching material；And the teaching material of analysis is defined: choosing
Natural Science Class teaching material representational, in Chinese Library library classification system is selected to be analyzed；And provide the basic of analysis
Hypotheses: assuming that the teaching material for creation of knowledge map is reasonable in knowledge layout and expression；
Step 2, analyze textbook content and teaching material catalogue relationship, applied teaching material catalogue to textbook content carry out formalize and
Patterned knowledge description；The knowledge representation chain figure and knowledge representation hypergraph of teaching material are constructed according to teaching material catalogue, wherein knowledge
Expression chain figure mainly provides formalization and patterned teaching material knowledge representation content and order of representation；Knowledge representation hypergraph emphasis
Give the calibration of the degree of association between knowledge；
Step 3, certain course set expression topological diagram is constructed by the knowledge representation chain figure of more similar teaching materials, which uses
In the order of representation for indicating certain subject Knowledge Element for being included and knowledge；Provide the building rule of building knowledge representation topological diagram
Then and building process, and the formalized description of knowledge representation topological diagram is provided；
Step 4, semantic analysis is carried out to knowledge representation topological diagram；Logic judgment and the processing rule of knowledge are provided according to semanteme
Then, comprising: the judgement and processing of unified modules, the judgement and processing of input/output logic " AND " and " OR "；And application is above-mentioned
Rule carries out the judgement and processing of knowledge logic relationship, constructs the knowledge logic relationship for expressing logical relation between Knowledge Element
Figure, and provide the formalized description of knowledge logic relational graph；
Step 5, knowledge based logic relation picture, according to knowledge representation chain feasible in corresponding knowledge topological diagram, using super
Side carry out Path selection and node state calibration, build path adapted information map, and provide corresponding formalized description with
And the detailed process of path adapted information map is generated by knowledge logic relational graph；
Step 6, it is based on path adapted information map, the super side of working knowledge unit carries out knowledge connection description, building
Not only there is the description of path adaptability, but also the knowledge mapping with knowledge correlation description, and provided the association of knowledge based unit
Spend calculation formula；
Step 7, the splicing of knowledge mapping is carried out using the correlation between teaching material according to the dependence between course,
Construct the dynamic knowledge map of certain subject.
Further, determine that analyzing object as teaching material includes following several respects in the step 1:
Aspect one provides target of the invention: constructing the knowledge mapping of a certain subject automatically；
Aspect two provides analysis object of the invention: to the Natural Science Class teaching material in Chinese Library of Congress Classification
It is analyzed；
Aspect three classifies to teaching material: according to whether being divided into for the teaching material of certain subject and the correlation of course:
Similar teaching material, related teaching material and unrelated teaching material；
Aspect four, the basic assumption for providing analysis: the knowledge that the teaching material for creation of knowledge map is shown be it is existing,
And layout, the expression of knowledge are reasonable.
Further, in step 2, the knowledge representation chain figure and knowledge representation hypergraph that teaching material is constructed according to teaching material catalogue
The following steps are included:
Firstly, carrying out basic regulations to the catalogue analyzed: the catalogue analyzed is to show the catalogue of all rank titles.
Next, according to the displaying sequential build knowledge representation chain figure of catalogue leaf node, include in teaching material for describing
Knowledge Element and Knowledge Element order of representation；
Third constructs knowledge representation hypergraph according to the relationship between parent directory item and subdirectory item, and provides Knowledge Element pass
The definition of connection degree；It is mainly used for describing the incidence relation between Knowledge Element；
Further, in step 3, the knowledge representation chain figure building knowledge representation topological diagram by similar teaching material is including such as
Lower step:
Step1. select the knowledge representation chain figure of any one catalogue as current knowledge expression figure；
Step2. it selects any other directory chain figure compared with current knowledge expression figure, schemes for being expressed with current knowledge
Identical node and while the node that then retains current knowledge expression figure and while, for being different from the node of current knowledge expression figure
And while then be added on current knowledge expression figure the node and while；
Step3. the new knowledge of generation expression figure is expressed as current knowledge and is schemed；
Step4. step Step2 and Step3 are repeated, until the knowledge representation chain figure of the complete all catalogues of alignment and assembbly.
Further, in step 4, the knowledge based expresses topological diagram, is sentenced according to the semantic logical relation for carrying out knowledge
It is disconnected, building knowledge logic relational graph the following steps are included:
Firstly, providing the formalized description of logic relation picture；
Next, knowledge based expresses topological diagram, unified modules and input, the judgment rule for exporting logical relation are provided；
Third provides the process that knowledge logic relational graph is generated by knowledge representation topological diagram, and detailed process is as follows:
Step1. according to the judgment rule of unified modules, the identification of module in knowledge representation topological diagram is carried out, and this group
Knowledge Element is handled as a Knowledge Element；
Step2. using identical start node as present node；
Step3. input, the output statistics of present node are carried out, and carries out input/output logic judgment, and carry out corresponding
Processing；
Step4. it for present node, draws along its output side, how many output side is created that how many a branches,
And using the destination node of branch's link as present node, repeat the above steps, until terminating.
Further, described on the basis of knowledge logic relational graph in step 5, according to practical intelligence order of representation,
Branching selection and node state setting are carried out, build path adapted information map, detailed process is as follows:
Firstly, giving the formalized description of outbound path adapted information map；
Next, providing the selection rule on control side；
Third provides the process that adapted information map in path is generated by logic relation picture:
Step1. in knowledge logic relational graph, since public Knowledge Element node, corresponding knowledge representation topology is selected
The feasible knowledge chain of any one in figure；
Step2. according to control while selection rule selection corresponding crucial control while；
Step3. with the control while for " from ", and branching selection while or state be arranged while；It, should when " arriving " is side
While for select the control while where path when the multi-branched to be selected in side；When " arriving " is node, which is optional
Node, and indicate when selecting the path where the control side, which does not occur in the path, Knowledge Element at this time
Node is a formal routing node, and when not selecting the path where the control side, which is actual node；
Step4. other feasible knowledge representation chains in corresponding knowledge representation topological diagram are selected, repeat Step2 and Step3, directly
To all feasible knowledge representation chains of traversal；
Further, the building of the step 6 had not only had the description of path adaptability, but also knowing with knowledge correlation description
Know map, essentially consist in the description and calculating of the Knowledge Element degree of association:
On the adapted information map of path, is described, that is, added plus blocks of knowledge according to corresponding knowledge representation hypergraph
The super side description of blocks of knowledge, and provide description agreement；
Surpass side according to blocks of knowledge and carry out Knowledge Element calculation of relationship degree, provides corresponding calculation formula；
Further, in step 7, the knowledge mapping for constructing certain subject is essentially consisted according to the dependence between course
Relationship constructs the knowledge mapping of certain subject using the correlation between teaching material.
Further, the present invention also provides a kind of, and the path adapted information map based on teaching material catalogue automatically generates is
System, comprising:
The knowledge representation chain for automatically extracting tool, this single teaching material of the taxonomic organization of teaching material and management tool, teaching material catalogue
Figure Auto-Generation Tool, the knowledge representation hypergraph Auto-Generation Tool of this single teaching material, the knowledge representation of more similar teaching materials are topological
Figure Auto-Generation Tool, the Auto-Generation Tool of the knowledge logic relational graph of certain subject, certain subject path adaptability know
Know the Auto-Generation Tool of map, the path adaptability of certain subject and relevance knowledge mapping Auto-Generation Tool, some
The path adaptability of subject and Auto-Generation Tool, model database management tool and the relevant data of relevance knowledge mapping
Library.
Further, the knowledge mapping automatically generates, and can both complete step by step, each step sees different emphasis
The relevant figure of knowledge mapping；The course that can also include according to a certain subject, relationship between the classification and course of course with
And the relationship between course and teaching material, the relationship of teaching material knowledge content and catalogue automatically generate the knowledge mapping of a certain subject.
Further, the database includes model database, teaching material database and catalog data base.
By above-mentioned technical proposal, the invention has the advantages that and advantageous effects:
The present invention provides a kind of path adapted information map side of automatically generating based on teaching material catalogue and Directed Hypergraph
Method.This method can automatically generate the path adapted information map of some subject according to existing teaching material catalogue use Directed Hypergraph,
And then support automatically extracting and generating for individualized knowledge path and individualized learning process；In addition, the map can be to write religion
Material and teaching plan provide foundation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the broad flow diagram of the method for the invention.
Fig. 2 is this teaching material of list knowledge representation chain figure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is this teaching material of list knowledge representation hypergraph of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is more teaching materials knowledge representation topological diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is certain course set logic relation picture of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is certain course path adapted information map of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is certain subject path adaptability correlation knowledge mapping of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the knowledge representation hypergraph of tri- teaching materials of course i of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 9 is the knowledge representation chain figure of tri- teaching materials of course i of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Figure 10 is three teaching material knowledge representation topological diagrams of the course i of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Figure 11 is the knowledge logic relational graph of the course i of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Figure 12 is the path adapted information map of the course i of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Figure 13 is the path adaptability correlation knowledge mapping of the course i of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Figure 14 is the path adaptability correlation knowledge mapping of certain subject of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification and preferred embodiment is described in further details the present invention, but the present invention and not only
It is limited to embodiment below.
The invention discloses a kind of path adapted information map side of automatically generating based on teaching material catalogue and Directed Hypergraph
Method, comprising steps of
Firstly, classifying to teaching material, and formalization and graphical description are carried out to the catalogue of teaching material, constructs knowing for teaching material
Know expression chain figure and knowledge representation hypergraph；
Second, knowledge representation topological diagram is constructed by the knowledge representation chain figure of more similar teaching materials；
Third, knowledge based express topological diagram, carry out Logic relationship analysis, judgement according to semanteme, generate knowledge logic and close
System's figure；
4th, knowledge based logic relation picture carries out branching selection and node state according to corresponding knowledge representation chain figure
Description generates path adapted information map；
5th, it is based on path adapted information map, according to knowledge representation hypergraph, the description of knowledge connection degree is carried out, generates
Not only there is the description of path adaptability, but also the knowledge mapping with knowledge correlation description；
6th, according to the correlation of teaching material, the splicing of knowledge mapping is carried out, constructs the knowledge mapping of certain subject；This method
The path adapted information map of some subject can be automatically generated according to existing teaching material catalogue, and then supports individualized knowledge road
Diameter and individualized learning process automatically extracting and generating；In addition, the map can for write text books and teaching plan provide according to
According to.
The specific flow chart of this method please refers to shown in Fig. 1, comprising:
Step 1, it determines that analysis object is teaching material, and classifies to teaching material.
It is an object of the present invention to construct the knowledge mapping of a certain subject automatically, that is, knowledge and know that a certain subject includes are described
Knowledge relationship, the knowledge and knowledge that we use Knowledge Element and blocks of knowledge to be included to a certain course or a certain subject here
Between relationship be described.Wherein, Knowledge Element is minimum knowledge unit, cannot be divided again；Between Knowledge Element there are preamble, after
Sequence and "or", the logical relation of "AND", blocks of knowledge indicate one group or the multiple groups Knowledge Element with certain relevance.
Teaching material refers generally to the didactic works of university.Various teaching materials and are combined according to the system of content of certain subject
What the know-how system of student was write.It has content relatively stable, illustrates that system is complete, clear feature is summarized in expression.
The teaching material theoretical property of institution of higher education is strong, may generally serve as scientific monograph study reference.Wherein, a part of comparative maturity stable type,
It is issued as textbook public publication, and major part is printed by school, is used for inside.
Many classes are divided into again for the textbook of public publication distribution, the knowledge that different types of teaching material includes is different, exhibition
Show different with the mode of expression knowledge.For example, the books of history class are different from the knowledge that the books of industrial technology class include, know
The mode for knowing expression is different.Therefore, it is necessary first to which analysis object is bound.Here we select representational books:
Natural Science Class teaching material in Chinese Library library classification system is analyzed.
Teaching material can be divided into respect to Mr. Yu's subject: the course teaching materials, correlated curriculum teaching material and unrelated course teaching materials.For
With the teaching material of a branch of instruction in school, we term it similar teaching materials；The teaching material of correlated curriculum, we term it related teaching materials；Unrelated class
We term it unrelated teaching materials for the teaching material of journey.Here parsing mainly is carried out to similar teaching material, related teaching material and generates relevant knowledge
Map.Before carrying out teaching material analysis, we are made the following assumptions, referred to as basic assumption.
Basic assumption: the knowledge that the teaching material for creation of knowledge map is shown be it is existing, the layout of knowledge, expression are
Reasonably, i.e., meet the logic of knowledge itself in knowledge representation, and there is no the knowledge for repeating expression.
Step 2, formalization and graphical description are carried out to teaching material according to teaching material catalogue, constructs the knowledge representation chain figure of teaching material
And knowledge representation hypergraph.
Since teaching material directory entry corresponds to Document Title, the directory entry of different levels corresponds to the title of different levels；And it is at different levels
Title is refinement and the summary of respective document content again.Therefore, teaching material catalogue, is the refinement to whole textbook content and summary,
The catalogue of each chapters and sections is the concentration and distillation of each unit.Catalogue can be used not only as to search the reference of the textbook content page number,
More important is the content and structures that a book can be substantially understood by it.
Before carrying out the knowledge content of teaching material and knowledge representation analysis by being analyzed teaching material catalogue, Wo Menxian
Make following regulation, and referred to as basic regulations.
Basic regulations: the catalogue that we are analyzed is to show the catalogue of all rank titles, i.e., leaf directory entry is corresponding most
Internal layer title.
Based on above-mentioned regulation, if the name of teaching material is referred to as top-most node, using directory entries at different levels as different levels
Node, then teaching material catalogue is typical tree structure.In addition, it is not again simple tree structure, mesh is indicated from top to bottom
Record the tandem of item.Since leaf directory entry corresponds to innermost layer title, it cannot divide again, we are according to semantic of directory entry
Leaf directory entry in catalogue is mapped as Knowledge Element, and is described with node.Upper and lower relation is mapped as connecting between leaf directory entry
Connect the side of node, and directory entry is mapped as " from " node above, below directory entry be mapped as " arriving " node.By teaching material knowledge
Known to the characteristics of expression: can only at most have a preamble node, a postorder node for a node.Therefore, it obtains at this time
One is used to describe the node chain of teaching material knowledge representation, as shown in Fig. 2, can formalize and retouch we term it knowledge representation chain figure
It states are as follows:
Knowledge representation chain figure: KECM=(KV, KE), wherein KECM is knowledge representation chain figure, and KV is the node in model,
Indicate that the Knowledge Element for including in teaching material, the leaf directory entry in corresponding catalogue correspond to the innermost layer title in title；KE is mould
Side in type indicates the sequential relationship of the expression sequential relationship and leaf directory entry between Knowledge Element, and KV, KE therein are again
It can be described as:
KV=(ID, Bk, Cnt, Desc, Cpt), wherein ID is the mark of directory entry, and Bk is the affiliated teaching material of directory entry,
Cnt is directory entry content, and Desc is the explanation of directory entry, and Cpt is the corresponding concept of directory entry.
KE=(ID, Bk, UpT, DT, Desc), ID are association identification, and Bk is to be associated with affiliated teaching material, and UpT is leaf above
The corresponding node of directory entry, DT are following leaf directory entry corresponding node, and Desc is association explanation.
For a leaf directory entry node, if face directory entry is sky thereon, that is, a ke ∈ KE is not present, ke's
DT directory entry is identified as the directory entry, then the directory entry is to start directory entry.If directory entry is sky below, that is, it is not present
The UpT directory entry of one ke ∈ KE, ke are identified as the directory entry, then the directory entry is to terminate directory entry.
In the catalogue of teaching material, since the corresponding content of upper directory item includes the corresponding content of lower directory item.Therefore,
Upper directory item is mapped as the blocks of knowledge comprising subdirectory item on the basis of knowledge representation chain figure by us, and with comprising
Leaf node or lower directory item while while describe, it is suitable to obtain the knowledge representation that one had both described teaching material for we at this time
Sequence, and the hypergraph of inclusion relation between knowledge is described, we term it the knowledge representation hypergraph of teaching material, abbreviation knowledge representation is super
Figure, as shown in Figure 3.Above-mentioned two model can formalized description are as follows:
Knowledge representation hypergraph: KEHM=(KV, KE), KE=(UE, IE), wherein KEHM is knowledge representation hypergraph, and KV is mould
Node in type indicates the Knowledge Element for including in teaching material, the leaf directory entry in corresponding directory entry.KE is the side in model, UE
For super side, the blocks of knowledge in teaching material is described, the upper directory item in corresponding catalogue, the node that inside includes is blocks of knowledge
The Knowledge Element for inside including.The super side that inside includes is the blocks of knowledge for including in blocks of knowledge；IE indicate Knowledge Element between according to
The relationship of relying.Wherein,
KV=(ID, Bk, Cnt, Desc, Cpt, FatT), wherein ID, Bk, Cnt, Desc, Cpt with knowledge representation chain figure,
FatT is the parent directory item of the directory entry.
UE=(ID, Bk, Cnt, Desc, Cpt, FatT), wherein the mark of ID directory entry, Bk are religion belonging to directory entry
Material, the content of Cnt directory entry, the explanation of Desc directory entry, the corresponding concept of Cpt, FatT are the parent directory item of the directory entry.
IE=(ID, Bk, UpT, DT, Desc), IE are identical as the KE in knowledge representation chain figure, similarly, ID, Bk, UpT,
DT, Desc are also identical as the KE items in knowledge representation chain figure.
For a directory entry, if its upper layer directory entry is sky, which is top directory entry；If it is not
There is lower directory item again, then the directory entry is bottom directory entry.
Building and semanteme from knowledge representation hypergraph: in knowledge representation hypergraph, for one group of Knowledge Element, if packet
Number of edges containing this group of blocks of knowledge is more, i.e., affiliated blocks of knowledge is more, this group of Knowledge Element correlation degree is higher.Therefore, we
The degree of association is defined in the following way:
The Knowledge Element degree of association: in a knowledge representation hypergraph, for one group of Knowledge Element, if being comprised in k knowledge
In element sides, then the degree of association of this group of blocks of knowledge is k.For example, in knowledge representation hypergraph as shown in Fig. 3, Knowledge Element
The degree of association of A, B are 3, and the degree of association of Knowledge Element B, C are 2, and the degree of association of Knowledge Element C, H are 3, and the degree of association of Knowledge Element H, D are
1。
Structurally and semantically according to catalogue: the knowledge representation chain figure that the mapping of You Yiben teaching material catalogue obtains has following
Feature:
It 1) is sequence, a chain structure；
2) duplicate node is not present in figure.
Corresponding knowledge representation hypergraph also has following features other than These characteristics:
3) the Knowledge Element intersection that the super side of the blocks of knowledge of same level is included is sky.
Step 3, knowledge representation topological diagram is constructed by the knowledge representation chain figure of similar teaching material.
For more close teaching materials of same a branch of instruction in school, not only there is something in common due to textbook content and corresponding catalogue but also
There are difference, therefore not only there is something in common between corresponding knowledge representation chain figure, but also there are differences.The present invention is exactly
Corresponding knowledge mapping is generated using this feature.
According to the basic assumption of teaching material: the Knowledge Element node for including in corresponding knowledge representation chain figure is all correct
, the order of representation of Knowledge Element is all logical.The total knowledge representation figure of certain corresponding subject should be comprising each knowing
Know chain, i.e., total knowledge representation figure is the union of above-mentioned knowledge representation chain.Therefore, in the more close religions described by step 2
When the knowledge representation chain figure of material constructs knowledge mapping, the side between identical Knowledge Element node and node is used respectively same
Node and Bian Lai description.For the relationship between different Knowledge Element node and first node respectively with different nodes and side come
Description.Therefore, total building process can be described as:
Step1: select the knowledge representation chain figure of any one catalogue as current knowledge expression figure；
Step2: selecting any other directory chain figure compared with current knowledge expression figure, schemes for expressing with current knowledge
Identical node and while the node that then retains current knowledge expression figure and while, for being different from the node of current knowledge expression figure
And while then be added on current knowledge expression figure the node and while；
Step3: the new knowledge of generation expression figure is expressed as current knowledge and is schemed；
Step4: step Step2 and Step3 are repeated, until the knowledge representation chain figure of the complete all catalogues of alignment and assembbly.
Because the figure that the above process generates mainly describes Knowledge Element and Knowledge Element that certain subject correlation teaching material is included
Between order of representation, therefore we term it knowledge representation topological diagrams.If Fig. 4 is by the knowledge representation chain building in Fig. 2
Corresponding knowledge representation topological diagram, can formalized description are as follows:
Knowledge representation topological diagram: KETM=(KV, KE), wherein KETM is knowledge representation topological diagram, and KV is the section in model
Point indicates the Knowledge Element in model；KE is the side in model, indicates the expression sequential relationship between Knowledge Element, wherein KV, KE
Description with knowledge representation chain figure.
According to the construction process of knowledge representation topological diagram, it has following features:
1) Knowledge Element that the subject is included is indicated；
2) there may be multiple preambles, postorder node for a Knowledge Element node；
3) there is no ring structure (because duplicate node are not present on each knowledge chain figure).
Step 4, knowledge based expresses topological diagram, is judged according to the semantic logical relation for carrying out knowledge, constructs knowledge logic
Relational graph.
Since teaching material can only be expressed knowledge by tandem, it is suitable that above-mentioned topological diagram can only describe the possible expression of Knowledge Element
Sequence cannot indicate actual logical relation between Knowledge Element.But between Knowledge Element in addition in expression preamble, other than rear order relation；Also
There is preamble/rear order relation actual, in logic and coordinations and the logical "and" of input/output, "or" to close
System.In order to describe this true logical relation between Knowledge Element node, we carry out knowledge logic relationship using Directed Hypergraph
Description, describes Knowledge Element with node, describes general input and output with common side, is inputted with super side description " AND " logic, I
Be referred to as knowledge logic relational graph, can formalized description are as follows:
Knowledge logic relational graph: KLM=(KV, KE), wherein KLM is knowledge logic relational graph, and KV is the section in model
Point indicates the Knowledge Element in model.KE is the side in model, indicates the logical relation between course external knowledge member, common side
Indicate general input, output, super side indicates logic " AND ", the different input of same node, output side description logic " OR "
Relationship.For a node, section when multiple input sides of the node are all passed by is indicated when input logic is " AND "
Point is feasible.When input logic is " OR ", it is feasible to indicate that the out-of-date node is walked on one, multiple input sides of the node；At this time
It exports side and there was only " OR " logic, because knowing according to the semanteme of knowledge representation, the knowledge there is no subsequent knowledge relative to front
It is necessary.
Although knowledge representation topological diagram cannot describe the logical relation between Knowledge Element, it has contained between Knowledge Element
Logical relation can generate knowledge logic relational graph by the model.By knowledge representation topological diagram generate knowledge logic figure it
Before, first carry out the definition and judgement of having structure:
The judgement and processing of unified modules: for one group of Knowledge Element node knowledge representation topological diagram different knowledge representations
Always occur in chain with similarly sequence, then this group of Knowledge Element is considered as a unified modules, and this module as one
A node is handled.
Export the judgement and processing of logic " OR ": for any one Knowledge Element node in knowledge representation topological diagram, such as
Fruit has multiple output sides, then the branch that each side can be handled as the node, and output relation is logic " OR ".
The judgement and processing of input logic " OR ": for any one Knowledge Element node in knowledge representation topological diagram,
If there is multiple input sides, as long as and have a side reachable, this node is feasible, then input logic is " OR ".
The judgement and processing of input logic " AND ": for two groups of Knowledge Element nodes, if every group node appears at often
In a knowledge representation chain figure, but the sequence occurred is different, i.e., in knowledge representation topological diagram, shows as this two groups of Knowledge Element sections
Point input and output each other, then this two groups of Knowledge Element nodes are coordination, and are relative to postorder node input logic
“AND”。
Rule is handled according to above-mentioned judgement, the process for generating knowledge logic relational graph by knowledge representation topological diagram is as follows:
Step1. according to unified modules judgement processing rule carry out knowledge representation topological diagram in unified modules identification and
Processing；
Step2. using identical start node as present node；
Step3. input, the output statistics of present node are carried out, and utilizes above-mentioned input, output logic judgment processing rule
Input/output logic judgment is then carried out, and carries out respective handling；
Step4. along present node output side map, how many export when being created that how many a branches, and with
The destination node of branch's connection is present node as present node, is repeated the above steps, until end node；
Fig. 5 is the knowledge logic relational graph that Fig. 4 application above process generates.
Step 5 knowledge based logic relation picture carries out branching selection and node state is set according to practical intelligence order of representation
It is fixed, build path adapted information map.
Knowledge logic relational graph covers the logical relation between all Knowledge Elements and Knowledge Element of certain subject, contains
All possible Knowledge route.But knowledge mapping is different from General maps, is not each reachable in knowledge logic relational graph
Path is all feasible, for example, path A- > J- > C- > H- > D- > G- > B- > E- > F is reachable, but infeasible in Fig. 5.Feasible
In path, some Knowledge Elements are not necessary, if the Knowledge Element is needed to depend on the selection of preamble Knowledge route.
Equally, the selection of branch also relies on the selection of preamble Knowledge route, such as in path A- > B- > J- > C- > H- > D- > G- > E
In, J is extra Knowledge Element.In order to support the knowledge-chosen of this dynamic adaptable, this method to knowledge logic relational graph into
It has gone extended below:
1) state setting option is added in the Knowledge Element node of knowledge logic relational graph, is selected on multiple branches side plus branch
Select item；
2) control while it is upper add branching selection while and node state control side, be respectively coupled to the branch side to be selected and want
The node of setting state.
Since the map after extension supports the selection for carrying out Knowledge Element according to path, we term it: path adaptability is known
Know map.The model can formalized description are as follows:
Path adapted information map: PSKM=(KV, KE), KE=(VVE, EEE, EVE).Wherein, PSKM is suitable for path
Sex knowledge map is answered, KV is the node in model, indicates the Knowledge Element for including in course；KE is the side in hypergraph model, and is wrapped
VVE is included, EEE, EVE these three types side, wherein VVE indicates the dependence between course external knowledge member, in logic chart
KE；EEE indicates Path selection side, connects two super sides, indicates super when selecting super where " to " branch according to " from "；EVE
Side, connecting hyper-edge and node is arranged in expression state, for indicating that the state according to " from " super Bian Jinhang " to " node controls, together
When indicate " arriving " node be it is selectable, and when path pass through from control side when, which becomes routing node.For such as
Knowledge logic relational graph shown in fig. 5, path adapted information map relative to Fig. 4, as shown in Figure 6.
During by knowledge logic relational graph build path adapted information map, it is important to the selection on side is controlled,
We carry out the selection on control side using following rule:
It controls the selection on side: in knowledge logic relational graph, referring to knowledge representation topological diagram, being opened from public start node
Begin, select on any knowledge chain first can be used to distinguish the knowledge chain and other knowledge chains while to control；
Total path adapted information map construction process can be described as:
Step1, in knowledge logic relational graph, since public Knowledge Element node, select corresponding knowledge representation topology
The feasible knowledge chain of any one in figure；
Step2, according to control while selection rule selection corresponding control while；
Step3, with the control while for " from ", set according to corresponding knowledge representation chain figure plus branching selection side or state
Set side；
Other feasible knowledge representation chain figures in Step4, the corresponding knowledge representation topological diagram of selection, repeat Step2 and Step3,
Until traversing all feasible knowledge representation chains.
Step 6 is based on path adapted information map, carries out the description of knowledge connection degree, and building both there is path adaptability to retouch
It states, and the knowledge mapping with knowledge correlation description.
For a knowledge mapping, the logical relation of the Knowledge Element is not only described, the pass between Knowledge Element is further described
Connection degree, so that formulation of subsequent Learning Scheme etc. be supported to operate.Identical as the knowledge representation hypergraph in step 2, we are same
Surpass number of edges with blocks of knowledge carry out the degree of association of Knowledge Element description, i.e., on the basis of the adapted information map of path, in addition
The description on the super side of blocks of knowledge, concrete operations are as follows:
On the adapted information map of path, we carry out according to the corresponding knowledge representation hypergraph for constructing the knowledge mapping
Blocks of knowledge description, describes identical blocks of knowledge using the super side of identical blocks of knowledge, utilizes the different super sides of blocks of knowledge
To describe different blocks of knowledge；It indicates to know included in more teaching materials since one group of Knowledge Element is included in a teaching material neutralization
The correlation degree known between member is different, therefore, what the identical blocks of knowledge for belonging to different teaching materials was described with same super side
When, to mark the affiliated teaching material in super side.
New knowledge mapping is obtained using the above process, because the map had not only had the description of path adaptability, but also is had and is known
Know correlation description, we term it path adaptability correlation knowledge mappings, since it is typical Directed Hypergraph, we
It, can formalized description also referred to as based on the knowledge mapping of Directed Hypergraph are as follows:
Path adaptability correlation knowledge mapping: PSRKM=(KV, KE), wherein KE=(VVE, EEE, EVE, UE),
Middle PSRKM is path adaptability correlation knowledge mapping, and KV is Knowledge Element node；KE is the side in model, and is divided into VVE,
EEE, EVE and UE these fourth types side.Wherein, the meaning that VVE, EEE, EVE are indicated is the same as the VVE in PSKM, EEE, EVE；UE is knowledge
Element sides, definition and description are the same as the UE in knowledge representation hypergraph；The side that inside includes is the knowledge list for including in blocks of knowledge
Member.
Further, since statisticalling analyze, close teaching material is more, and the super number of edges comprising identical Knowledge Element is more, but cannot illustrate
The degree of association of this group of Knowledge Element is big.For example, the teaching material of one group of Knowledge Element in front is likely to be at n-th layer, but in teaching material below
In (n-1)th layer.Therefore, in the adaptability relevance knowledge mapping of path, we in averagely every teaching material include the group know
The super number of edges for knowing first node is defined as the degree of association of this group of Knowledge Element, i.e. the degree of association is calculated with following formula:
The Knowledge Element degree of association: assuming that having the similar teaching material of n sheet and one group of Knowledge Element, if there are this books of Mr. Yu for this group of Knowledge Element
In i, and there are k layers of blocks of knowledge side in outside, then value is k, if being 0 not in this book, it may be assumed that
The then total degree of association of this group of Knowledge Element are as follows:
R value this group of Knowledge Element of bigger explanation is more on the average blocks of knowledge side that every teaching material China and foreign countries bread contains.Therefore,
The interior Knowledge Element degree of association is higher.For example, in knowledge representation hypergraph as shown in Fig. 7, the degree of association of Knowledge Element A, B are
(3+1)/2=2, the degree of association of Knowledge Element B, C are as follows: (2+2)/2=2, the degree of association of Knowledge Element C, H are as follows: (3+3)/2=3 knows
Know member H, the degree of association of D are as follows: (1+1)/2=1 illustrates C, and the degree of association of H is maximum, and relationship is most close.
Step 7, according to the correlation of teaching material, the splicing of knowledge mapping is carried out, constructs the knowledge mapping of certain subject.
Knowledge that different courses include is different, and the corresponding teaching material of different courses is different, since the knowledge that course is lectured is deposited
In front and back logical relation, so that the logical relation of course is its included knowledge logic there are front and back logical relation between course
The embodiment of relationship.Therefore, we can be the study of other certain courses according to prerequisite, course of certain subject
Basis, to determine the logical relation of relevant knowledge.
We generate the knowledge mapping of certain subject by applying step 6, and the subject is regarded as blocks of knowledge, use outermost layer
Super side (including all Knowledge Elements of the course and Knowledge Element relationship) describe.Then prerequisite and postorder course can be used
The sequential relationship on the super side of blocks of knowledge describes, it may be assumed that if certain subject is the necessary prerequisite of current course, shows
In hypergraph model, the corresponding super super side of preamble while super for current course of the course.If certain subject is with current course
Based on, then it shows in hypergraph model, the corresponding super super side of postorder while super for current course of that course.
Under default situations, we are the beginning Knowledge Element in current course the Knowledge Element processing that terminates in preamble course
Preamble Knowledge Element.If having the background knowledge for explicitly pointing out certain knowledge in current course in current course is preamble class
Certain Knowledge Elements in journey, then those of in preamble course Knowledge Element be the Knowledge Element in current course direct preamble knowledge
Member.
Similarly, include when we are super by postorder course the super end Knowledge Element node processing for including in of current course
Knowledge Element preamble node.If there is the background knowledge for explicitly pointing out certain Knowledge Elements in the course in postorder course
Member is certain Knowledge Elements in preamble course, then Knowledge Element is these Knowledge Elements in its postorder course those of in current course
Direct preamble Knowledge Element.
Embodiment one
The automatic life that the knowledge mapping based on Directed Hypergraph is carried out using context of methods is illustrated how below by case
At.In order to improve case versatility, teaching material is described in the directory entry that use is representational, abstract, general.
Assuming that there is nine teaching materials: EBR1, EBR2, EBR3 are the teaching material of course i, and EBR4, EBR5 and EBR6 are course j's
Teaching material, EBR7, EBR8 and EBR9 are the teaching material of course k.Wherein, the study of course j needs prerequisite i, and course i is class
The basis that journey k is carried out.
Corresponding catalogue is as shown in table 1 below:
The learning content of 1 nine teaching materials of table
Here mainly to being analyzed for three teaching materials of course i.
Firstly, knowledge representation chain figure and knowledge representation hypergraph are constructed according to given teaching material catalogue, three teaching materials of course i
Knowledge representation chain figure difference is as shown in Figure 8；Corresponding knowledge representation hypergraph is as shown in Figure 9.
Secondly, constructing the knowledge representation topological diagram of the course according to the knowledge representation chain figure of course i, as shown in Figure 10.
Third constructs corresponding knowledge logic relational graph, the knowledge logic relationship of course i according to knowledge representation topological diagram
Figure, as shown in figure 11.
4th, according to knowledge logic figure and knowledge representation chain figure build path adapted information map, the path of course i is suitable
Sex knowledge map is answered, as shown in figure 12.
4th, the label for carrying out knowledge connection degree in knowledge mapping repeats the above steps as shown in figure 13, finds out respectively
The path adaptability relevance knowledge mapping of course j and course k.
5th, according to preamble course and postorder course, relevant knowledge map is generated, as shown in figure 14.
According to above-mentioned example we it follows that
1) this method can according to the knowledge mapping of the course is automatically generated to course teaching materials；
2) knowledge mapping of generation formization description, the map support according to the learning objective and knowledge background of learner from
It is dynamic to extract Knowledge route, it prepares for the optimization of further learning process；
3) knowledge mapping in some field is generated according to the relationship between course, is mentioned to formulate the study plan in some field
For foundation.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention in any form, therefore
Without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, to the above embodiments any simple according to the technical essence of the invention
Modification, equivalent variations and modification, all of which are still within the scope of the technical scheme of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of path adapted information map automatic generation method based on teaching material catalogue and Directed Hypergraph, it is characterised in that:
Method includes the following steps:
Step 1, it provides it is an object of the present invention to construct the knowledge mapping of a certain subject automatically, that is, describe a certain subject is included
Knowledge and knowledge between relationship；Determine that analysis object is teaching material；And be defined to the teaching material of analysis: selection has generation
Table, the Natural Science Class teaching material in Chinese Library library classification system analyzed；And the basic premise for providing analysis is false
If: assuming that the teaching material for creation of knowledge map is reasonable in knowledge layout and expression；
Step 2, the relationship of textbook content and teaching material catalogue is analyzed, applied teaching material catalogue carries out formalization and figure to textbook content
The knowledge description of change；The knowledge representation chain figure and knowledge representation hypergraph of teaching material are constructed according to teaching material catalogue, wherein knowledge representation chain
Figure mainly provides formalization and patterned teaching material knowledge representation content and order of representation；Knowledge representation hypergraph emphasis, which gives, to be known
The calibration of the degree of association between knowledge；
Step 3, certain course set expression topological diagram is constructed by the knowledge representation chain figure of more similar teaching materials, which is used for table
Show the order of representation of the Knowledge Element that certain subject is included and knowledge；Provide the building rule and structure of building knowledge representation topological diagram
Process is built, and provides the formalized description of knowledge representation topological diagram；
Step 4, semantic analysis is carried out to knowledge representation topological diagram；The logic judgment and processing rule of knowledge are provided according to semanteme,
It include: the judgement and processing, the judgement and processing of input/output logic " AND " and " OR " of unified modules；And apply above-mentioned rule
The judgement and processing of knowledge logic relationship are carried out, the knowledge logic relational graph for expressing logical relation between Knowledge Element is constructed, and
Provide the formalized description of knowledge logic relational graph；
Step 5, knowledge based logic relation picture, according to knowledge representation chain feasible in corresponding knowledge topological diagram, using super side into
Row Path selection and node state calibration, build path adapted information map, and provide corresponding formalized description and by
The detailed process of knowledge logic relational graph generation path adapted information map；
Step 6, it is based on path adapted information map, the super side of working knowledge unit carries out knowledge connection description, and building both had
There are the description of path adaptability, and the knowledge mapping with knowledge correlation description, and provides the degree of association meter of knowledge based unit
Calculate formula；
Step 7, the splicing of knowledge mapping is carried out using the correlation between teaching material according to the dependence between course, constructed
The dynamic knowledge map of certain subject.
2. the path adapted information map side of automatically generating based on teaching material catalogue and Directed Hypergraph as described in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that:
It is described to provide target of the invention and determine analysis object, including following several respects in step 1:
Aspect one provides target of the invention: constructing the knowledge mapping of a certain subject automatically；
Aspect two provides analysis object of the invention: carrying out to the Natural Science Class teaching material in Chinese Library of Congress Classification
Analysis；
Aspect three classifies to teaching material: according to whether being divided into: similar for the teaching material of certain subject and the correlation of course
Teaching material, related teaching material and unrelated teaching material；
Aspect four, the basic assumption for providing analysis: the knowledge that the teaching material for creation of knowledge map is shown is existing, and
Layout, the expression of knowledge are reasonable.
3. the path adapted information map side of automatically generating based on teaching material catalogue and Directed Hypergraph as described in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that:
In step 2, it is described according to teaching material catalogue construct teaching material knowledge representation chain figure and knowledge representation hypergraph the following steps are included:
Firstly, the relationship between analysis textbook content and building materials catalogue, and basic regulations have been carried out to the catalogue analyzed: divide
The catalogue of analysis is to show the catalogue of all rank titles；
Next, according to the displaying sequential build knowledge representation chain figure of catalogue leaf node；Be mainly used for describe teaching material in include
Knowledge Element and Knowledge Element order of representation；
Third constructs knowledge representation hypergraph according to the relationship between parent directory item and subdirectory item, and provides the Knowledge Element degree of association
Definition；It is mainly used for describing the incidence relation between Knowledge Element.
4. the path adapted information map side of automatically generating based on teaching material catalogue and Directed Hypergraph as described in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that:
It is described to be included the following steps: by the knowledge representation chain figure building knowledge representation topological diagram of similar teaching material in step 3
Step1. select the knowledge representation chain figure of any one catalogue in similar teaching material as current knowledge expression figure；
Step2. select any other directory chain figure in similar teaching material current for being present in compared with current knowledge expression figure
Node in knowledge representation figure and while then retain the node in current knowledge expression figure and while；For being not present in current knowledge
The node of expression figure and while then be added on current knowledge expression figure the node and while；
Step3. the new knowledge of generation expression figure is expressed as current knowledge and is schemed；
Step4. step Step2 and Step3 are repeated, until the knowledge representation chain figure of the complete all similar teaching material catalogues of alignment and assembbly.
5. the path adapted information map side of automatically generating based on teaching material catalogue and Directed Hypergraph as described in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that:
In step 4, the knowledge representation topological diagram by certain subject construct knowledge logic relational graph the following steps are included:
Firstly, providing the formalized description of logic relation picture；
Next, knowledge based expresses topological diagram, unified modules and input, the judgment rule for exporting logical relation are provided；
Third provides the process that knowledge logic relational graph is generated by knowledge representation topological diagram, and detailed process is as follows:
Step1. rule is handled according to the judgement of unified modules, carries out the identification of module in knowledge representation topological diagram, and this group
Knowledge Element is handled as a Knowledge Element；
Step2. using identical start node as present node；
Step3. the input of progress present node, output statistics, and it is defeated according to the judgment rule progress of input, output logical relation
Enter/export logic judgment and carries out respective handling；
Step4. it maps along the output side of present node, how many output side is created that how many a branches, and with branched chain
The destination node connect is present node, is repeated the above steps, until terminating.
6. the path adapted information map side of automatically generating based on teaching material catalogue and Directed Hypergraph as described in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that:
In step 5, described by knowledge logic relational graph build path adapted information map, detailed process is as follows:
Firstly, giving the formalized description of outbound path adapted information map；
Next, providing the selection rule on control side；
Third provides the process that adapted information map in path is generated by knowledge logic relational graph, comprising steps of
Step1. it in knowledge logic relational graph, since public Knowledge Element node, selects in corresponding knowledge representation topological diagram
Any one feasible knowledge representation chain；
Step2. according to control while selection rule selection corresponding control while；
Step3. with the control while for " from ", it is arranged according to corresponding knowledge representation chain plus branching selection side and node state
Side；When " arriving " be side when, this while for selection the control while where path when the multi-branched to be selected in side；When " arriving " is section
When point, which is optional node, and is indicated when selecting the path where the control side, which does not go out in the path
Existing, Knowledge Element node at this time is a formal routing node, when not selecting the path where the control side, the node
For actual node；
Step4. select other feasible knowledge representation chains in corresponding knowledge representation topological diagram, repeat Step2 and Step3, until time
Go through all feasible knowledge representation chains.
7. the path adapted information map side of automatically generating based on teaching material catalogue and Directed Hypergraph as described in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that:
In step 6, the knowledge mapping by path adapted information map construction with knowledge correlation description is essentially consisted in
The description and calculating of the Knowledge Element degree of association:
Firstly, being described on the adapted information map of path, that is, being added plus blocks of knowledge according to corresponding knowledge representation hypergraph
The super side description of blocks of knowledge, and provide description agreement；
Next, surpassing side according to blocks of knowledge carries out Knowledge Element calculation of relationship degree, corresponding calculation formula is provided.
8. a kind of path adapted information map automatic creation system based on teaching material catalogue, it is characterised in that:
Include:
The taxonomic organization of teaching material and management tool, teaching material catalogue automatically extract tool, this single teaching material knowledge representation chain figure from
Dynamic Core Generator, the knowledge representation hypergraph Auto-Generation Tool of this single teaching material, more similar teaching materials knowledge representation topological diagram from
Move the path adapted information figure of Core Generator, the Auto-Generation Tool of the knowledge logic relational graph of certain subject, certain subject
The Auto-Generation Tool of spectrum, the Auto-Generation Tool of the path adaptability of certain subject and relevance knowledge mapping, some subject
Path adaptability and relevance knowledge mapping Auto-Generation Tool, model database management tool and relevant database.
9. the path adapted information map automatic creation system based on teaching material catalogue, feature exist as claimed in claim 8
In:
The knowledge mapping automatically generates, and can both complete step by step, and each step sees the knowledge mapping phase of different emphasis
The figure of pass；The course that can also include according to a certain subject, relationship and course and teaching material between the classification and course of course
Between relationship, the relationship of teaching material knowledge content and catalogue automatically generates the knowledge mapping of a certain subject.
10. the path adapted information map automatic creation system based on teaching material catalogue, feature exist as claimed in claim 8
In:
The database includes model database, teaching material database and catalog data base.
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