CN110276707A - A kind of protection of image data and tampering detection technical solution - Google Patents
A kind of protection of image data and tampering detection technical solution Download PDFInfo
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- CN110276707A CN110276707A CN201810216047.XA CN201810216047A CN110276707A CN 110276707 A CN110276707 A CN 110276707A CN 201810216047 A CN201810216047 A CN 201810216047A CN 110276707 A CN110276707 A CN 110276707A
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- value
- watermark
- technical solution
- image data
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
- G06T1/005—Robust watermarking, e.g. average attack or collusion attack resistant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
- G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
- G06T2201/0061—Embedding of the watermark in each block of the image, e.g. segmented watermarking
Abstract
It is that one kind can be in the new technology of copyright protection of digital product under open network environment and data security maintenance the present invention relates to a kind of protection of image data and tampering detection technical solution.It takes full advantage of the local contrast feature of LBP, using Boolean function f () and watermark wherein one be compared, with realize on the image be embedded in or extract watermark.It obtains distorting prompt by detecting and analyzing the watermark information being embedded in image, to reduce network picture by Tampering attack, such that network safety of image is protected in digital watermarking.The program can be applied to digital copyright protection, distort prompt, communication overlay, using fields such as control and e-commerce.It calculates advantage of lower cost.
Description
Technical field
Invention is related to hiding information, and in particular to a kind of spatial watermark technology.
Background technique
Internet become increasingly popular and the rapid development of information industry profoundly changes our society and daily life,
Capture, transimission and storage numerical data are very simply and conveniently.However, this but produces a big problem: how to protect these
Data simultaneously prevent them from being modified without authorization.There is also as copyright protection, content authentication, information are hidden in other field for this problem
Hiding and communication overlay.Many researchers develop various digital watermarking algorithms to solve this problem, they intend in number
It is middle to be embedded in some secret data (referred to as watermark) contents to mark or seal digital data content.The original of watermark insertion host image
Reason is: distortion caused by insertion is too small and cannot be noted.At the same time, the watermark of insertion must be sufficiently robust normal to resist
The degeneration or deliberate attack seen.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of protection of image data and tampering detection technical solution.The program is fixed
Boolean function operation of the justice based on LBP algorithm, and one or more pixels in neighborhood are adjusted, make the result and insertion of function
The w of watermark is consistent, realizes that watermark is embedded into spatial domain, to protect host image not to be tampered.
To reach said effect, the present invention proposes that a kind of image data is protected and tampering detection technical solution, comprising: single-stage
Digital watermark scheme, double-level watermark technical solution, multilayer watermark technical solution.Specific implementation process is as follows:
Single-layer watermark technical solution:
Watermarking algorithm:
Step 1: original image is divided into (P, R) nonoverlapping regional area block.LBP algorithm is for calculatingWith, and.W represents wherein one of watermark, and β is the intensity factor of watermark.
Step 2: for each (P, R) regional area, ifValue be equal to w value, we are to area pixel
It is without any processing.Otherwise, in order to makeValue and the value of w be consistent, need to modify the pixel value of neighborhood.
Watermark extraction algorithm:
Step 1: judge in watermarking imagesValue；
Step 2: watermark w is extracted.I.e. ifValue be 1, be otherwise 0 then w is also 1.
In an embodiment of the present invention, Boolean function in step 1 described in watermarking algorithm are as follows:
Wherein ⊕ is exclusive or (XOR) operator,.#1() indicateThe pixel number that intermediate value is 1, #0(
) indicateThe pixel number that intermediate value is 0, N is integer, N.If, thenIt returns
Return 1;Otherwise, it will return to 0.
In a kind of embodiment of the invention, make in step 2 described in watermarking algorithmFunctional value it is consistent with w
Method: assuming that,；Or,, then have.Assuming that, then have, otherwise.If there is multiple minimum values, we select minimum value
Any one change pixel value.If the pixel of a block is all 0 or 1, we will modify according to corresponding watermark bit
Center pixel is then embedded in block.
Double-level watermark technical solution: by regionTwo parts: even number and odd number neighborhood are divided into, i.e.,With.To them
It executes, and realize and be embedded in two positions in (P, R) neighborhood.In this way, the capacity of watermark increases one times.
Multilayer watermark technical solution: 5 × 5 neighborhood is divided into 4 parts:、、、, i=0-3, j=0-7, forWith, useTo be embedded in watermark；ForWith, useIt is embedded in watermark on a region wherein, and another
An outer region usesIt is embedded in watermark.Therefore, four watermarks can be individually embedded in the case where not interfering with each other.
This programme has the advantage that compared with existing digital watermarking algorithm
1, picture format is not required；
2, it is easy to extend；
3, algorithm is simple, it is easy to accomplish；
4, distortion caused by insertion is too small, it is not easy to be observed；
5, the watermark being embedded in is sufficiently robust, it is sufficient to resist common degeneration and attack.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that (P, the R) regional area of the embodiment of the present invention defines；
Fig. 2 is the single-layer watermark case of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the double-level watermark scheme of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the double-level watermark case of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the multilayer watermark scheme of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the multilayer watermark case of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is explicitly described, it is clear that described embodiment is the present invention
A part of the embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not having
Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is made, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, (P, the R) regional area of the embodiment of the present invention defines, comprising:
S1、Indicate the grayness of center pixel c；
S2、Indicate the gray value of adjacent pixel p,It is by adjacent pixel p and center pixelBetween difference value generated
Vector, andIt is the symbolic vector from this difference.
As shown in Fig. 2, the single-layer watermark case of the embodiment of the present invention, comprising:
Watermarking algorithm:
S1, original image are divided into (P, R) nonoverlapping regional area block.LBP algorithm is for calculatingWith, and.If w represents wherein one of watermark, β is the intensity factor of watermark；
S2, for each (P, R) regional area, ifValue be equal to w value, we do not do area pixel any
Processing.Otherwise, in order to makeValue be consistent with corresponding w, we can modify neighborhood territory pixel.
Watermark extraction algorithm: we judge in watermarking imagesValue, to extract watermark w.
As shown in figure 3, the double-level watermark scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, comprising:
S1, by neighborhoodTwo parts: even number and odd number neighborhood are divided into, i.e.,With；
S2, they are executed, and realize and be embedded in two bits in (P, R) neighborhood.In this way, the capacity of watermark increases
One times, this is effectively equivalent to two (4,1) neighborhoods.
As shown in figure 4, the double-level watermark case of the embodiment of the present invention, comprising:
S1, watermark W1, W2 are embedded into original image Lena, and carry out extraction operation；
S2, spatial watermark algorithm performance is verified.
As shown in figure 5, the multilayer watermark scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, comprising:
S1,5 × 5 neighborhood is divided into 4 parts:、、、, i=0-3, j=0-7, forWith, useCome
It is embedded in watermark；ForWith, useWatermark is embedded on a region wherein, and is used in an other regionIt is embedding
Enter watermark.Therefore, four watermarks can be individually embedded in the case where not interfering with each other.
S2、, i=0-3 is 4 watermarks.It is embedded in firstWith, one of insertion is by modifying center pixel
It is worth (watermark coefficient=0.02), another is embedded in by changing a non-central pixel (watermark coefficient=0.08).Then, it then presses
According to the scheme insertion of Fig. 3 descriptionWith。
As shown in fig. 6, the multilayer watermark case of the embodiment of the present invention, comprising:
S1, watermark e, f, g, h are embedded into original image a, b, c, d；
S2, accurately watermark is extracted, because the telescopiny of this four watermarks will not influence each other.
Although the embodiments of the invention are described in conjunction with the attached drawings, but those skilled in the art can not depart from this hair
Various modifications and variations are made in the case where bright spirit and scope, such modifications and variations are each fallen within by appended claims
Within limited range.
Claims (14)
1. a kind of image data protection and tampering detection technical solution, it is characterised in that:
Watermarking algorithm:
Step 1: original image is divided into (P, R) nonoverlapping regional area block.
2.LBP mode for calculate and, and。
3.w represents wherein one of watermark, and β is the intensity factor of watermark.
4. step 2: for each (P, R) local neighborhood, ifValue be equal to w value, neighborhood territory pixel is not appointed
Where reason.
5. otherwise, in order to makeValue and the value of w be consistent, need to modify the pixel value of neighborhood.
6. watermark extraction algorithm:
Step 1: judge in watermarking imagesValue；
Step 2: watermark w is extracted.
7. if i.e.Value be 1, be otherwise 0 then w is also 1.
8. being based on a kind of image data protection described in claim 1 and tampering detection technical solution, it is characterised in that: by changing
Become regional area f () value be embedded in watermark, and the value of f () is to pass through changePosition change, these variations are anti-
Reflect be exactly in the regional area of space pixel change.
9. different Boolean functions corresponds to different algorithms.
10. being based on a kind of image data protection described in claim 1 and tampering detection technical solution, it is characterised in that: watermark
Extraction process be direct, it is only necessary to discriminant functionValue can extract watermark.
11. being based on a kind of image data protection described in claim 1 and tampering detection technical solution, it is characterised in that: work as letter
When numerical value and a wherein difference for watermark, pass through intensity factor β and minimum valueTo change the pixel value of neighborhood.
12. being based on a kind of image data protection described in claim 1 and tampering detection technical solution, it is characterised in that: any
?On rotation bit clockwise or counterclockwise will not all change functional value.
13. still, any one from 0 to 1 or from 1 to 0 changes inverted functions value.
14. being based on a kind of image data protection described in claim 1 and tampering detection technical solution, it is characterised in that: N's takes
Value is determined according to picture quality, ifThe difference for the pixel number that the pixel number and value that intermediate value is 1 are 0 is greater than N, functionIt takes
1,0 is otherwise taken, soIt would not be influenced by shifting and rotating.
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| CN201810216047.XA CN110276707B (en) | 2018-03-16 | 2018-03-16 | Technical scheme for protecting and tamper detecting image data |
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| CN111882525A (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2020-11-03 | 上海品览数据科技有限公司 | Image reproduction detection method based on LBP watermark characteristics and fine-grained identification |
| CN113191953A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-07-30 | 山东财经大学 | Transformer-based face image super-resolution method |
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| CN113191953A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-07-30 | 山东财经大学 | Transformer-based face image super-resolution method |
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| CN110276707B (en) | 2023-06-23 |
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