CN110261502B - Experimental device and method for simulating greenhouse gas distribution of water-bottom mud system in ditch under sulfur pollution - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for simulating greenhouse gas distribution of water-bottom mud system in ditch under sulfur pollution Download PDFInfo
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- CN110261502B CN110261502B CN201910515587.2A CN201910515587A CN110261502B CN 110261502 B CN110261502 B CN 110261502B CN 201910515587 A CN201910515587 A CN 201910515587A CN 110261502 B CN110261502 B CN 110261502B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental device and a method for simulating greenhouse gas distribution of a water-bottom mud system in a ditch under sulfur pollution, wherein the experimental device comprises an automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device, a cylindrical top cover box, a cylindrical box body, a gas collecting device, a temperature sensor probe, a pressure balance pipe and a micro barometer; the temperature sensor probe, the automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device, the pressure balance pipe and the miniature barometer are arranged in a mounting hole in the cylindrical top cover box, the cylindrical top cover box is connected with the cylindrical box body downwards, the gas sampling device is located on the side face of the cylindrical box body, the sampling pipes are arranged on the side face of the box body at equal intervals, the sampling pipes are inclined upwards, the injector penetrates through and is fastened in a threaded hole in the stainless steel bar, and the tops of the corresponding pistons are fixed on a power drawing plate with rollers. The invention also discloses an experimental method of the device. The invention can quantitatively obtain the distribution characteristics of greenhouse gases at different depths in a water-bottom sediment system under different concentrations of sulfur and spraying frequencies, and has the advantages of simple operation, low cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental device and method for simulating greenhouse gas distribution of a water-sediment system in a ditch under sulfur pollution, and belongs to the field of environmental protection systems.
Background
The greenhouse effect can cause a series of serious consequences such as global temperature rise, sea level rise and frequent extreme climate. The ecological system of the rice field is CO in the atmosphere2、CH4、N2The important emission source of O has a very significant contribution to global warming. At present, a great deal of research is carried out on the direct emission of greenhouse gases in a rice field ecosystem, namely the emission of greenhouse gases in rice field soil, but the research on the indirect emission of greenhouse gases in the rice field ecosystem, such as the emission of greenhouse gases in peripheral ditches, is less; especially, under the background of applying fertilizers such as sulfur fertilizer and the like to paddy fields in large quantities, researches on the release rule of greenhouse gases in a water-bottom mud system on a ditch are rare.
The drainage ditch of the paddy field is an important ecological corridor which is used as an important component of an ecological system of the paddy field and collects and transports irrigation (rainfall runoff) of the paddy field to drain water, drain waterlogging and nutrient substances; it is also an important source of greenhouse gases. It is necessary to further study the release law of the greenhouse gases in the paddy field ditch system under the background of inputting fertilizers such as sulfur fertilizer and the like. At present, the concentration of greenhouse gases under sulfur pollution cannot be quantitatively researched by the conventional devices for measuring the greenhouse gases, and the distribution characteristics of the greenhouse gases in different space depths are difficult to research, so that an experimental device for simulating the distribution of the greenhouse gases in a water-bottom mud system in a ditch under sulfur pollution is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, and provides an experimental device and method for simulating the distribution of greenhouse gases in a water-bottom sediment system in a ditch under sulfur pollution, so as to realize the sampling of greenhouse gases at different depths in an upper water-bottom sediment system under different concentrations and input frequencies of sulfur.
The invention aims to realize the experiment device for simulating the greenhouse gas distribution of the water-bottom mud system in the ditch under the sulfur pollution, which is characterized by comprising a temperature sensor probe, a cylindrical top cover box, a cylindrical box body, a gas sampling device, an automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device, a pressure balance pipe and a miniature barometer;
the cylindrical top cover box is connected with the cylindrical box body in a downward connection mode, the cylindrical top cover box covers the cylindrical box body, and a scale line is arranged on the cylindrical box body; the temperature sensor probe is arranged on the left side of the top of the cylindrical top cover box and penetrates through the cylindrical top cover box to extend into the cylindrical box body; the pressure balance pipe and the miniature barometer are both arranged on the right side of the cylindrical top cover box, both the pressure balance pipe and the miniature barometer penetrate through the cylindrical top cover box and extend into the cylindrical box body, the miniature barometer is positioned on the right side of the pressure balance pipe, and the pressure balance pipe is plugged with a rubber plug cap;
the automatic spraying device for the sulfur pollutants comprises a stainless steel grinding cup, a triangular flask and a control system, wherein the bottom of the stainless steel grinding cup is communicated with the top of the triangular flask, a plurality of pores are formed in the bottom of the triangular flask, and a valve is arranged at the communicated joint of the stainless steel grinding cup and the triangular flask; a motor is arranged in the stainless steel grinding cup, and a pollutant adding port is formed in the side edge of the upper part of the stainless steel grinding cup; the stainless steel blade is arranged on a power output shaft of the motor, the control system is electrically connected with the motor and controls the motor to be started and stopped at regular time, and when the motor is started, the stainless steel blade is driven to rotate by the rotation of the power output shaft of the motor;
the automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device is arranged right above the cylindrical top cover box and penetrates through the cylindrical top cover box, a stainless steel grinding cup of the automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device is positioned outside the cylindrical top cover box, and a triangular flask of the automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device is positioned in the cylindrical top cover box;
pollutants are added into the stainless steel grinding cup through the pollutant adding port, when the motor is started, the rotation of the power output shaft of the motor drives the stainless steel blade to rotate, the rotation of the stainless steel blade grinds the pollutants in the stainless steel grinding cup, the valve is opened, the ground pollutants pass through the valve and fall into the triangular flask, and the pollutants are uniformly sprayed into the cylindrical box body through the plurality of pores at the bottom of the triangular flask;
the gas sampling device is positioned on the side surface of the cylindrical box body and comprises a stainless steel frame, a stainless steel rail, a power drawing plate, a piston, a stainless steel bar, a stainless steel base, a Y-shaped three-way ball valve, a sampling pipe, an injector and a roller;
the bottom of the stainless steel frame is provided with a stainless steel base, and the upper part and the lower part of the stainless steel frame are provided with stainless steel rails; the upper end and the lower end of the power drawing plate are respectively provided with a roller, the rollers at the upper end and the lower end of the power drawing plate are respectively arranged in the stainless steel track at the upper part and the stainless steel track at the lower part of the stainless steel frame, and the power drawing plate can slide on the stainless steel frame under the action of the rollers;
the stainless steel strip is arranged on a stainless steel frame, a plurality of injectors are fixedly arranged on the stainless steel strip at equal intervals, one end of each injector is communicated with the Y-shaped three-way ball valve, a piston is inserted into the other end of each injector, one end of each piston is inserted into the corresponding injector, and the other end of each piston is fixedly connected with the power drawing plate; one end of the Y-shaped three-way ball valve is communicated with the injector, and the other end of the Y-shaped three-way ball valve is communicated with the sampling pipe;
one end of the sampling pipe is communicated with the Y-shaped three-way ball valve, the other end of the sampling pipe is obliquely arranged on the side surface of the cylindrical box body, and the sampling pipe is communicated with the cylindrical box body; the plurality of sampling pipes are arranged on the side surface of the cylindrical box at equal intervals; and opening the Y-shaped three-way ball valve, moving the power drawing plate to drive the piston to move in the injector, and when the piston moves outwards, drawing air into the cylindrical box body through the injector, the Y-shaped three-way ball valve and the sampling pipe.
The power drawing plate is provided with a pull ring; and a steel wire rope is arranged on the stainless steel frame. The steel wire rope plays a role in stabilizing the stainless steel frame.
The plurality of sampling pipes are arranged on the side surface of the cylindrical box at equal intervals of 10-20 cm; the sampling pipe is arranged on the side surface of the cylindrical box body at an angle of 120 DEG and 170 DEG in the inclined direction;
the injector is connected with the sampling pipe through a Y-shaped three-way ball valve, and the inclination angle beta of the injector is calculated by the following formula:
β＝γ-θ
wherein gamma is the inclination angle of the sampling pipe, and theta is the minimum included angle of the Y-shaped three-way ball valve.
The stainless steel strip is provided with a threaded hole, the outer wall of the injector is provided with an external thread matched with the threaded hole, and the injector is screwed in the threaded hole through the external thread and is screwed and fixed with the stainless steel strip through the thread.
And a filtering gauze is arranged at the position where the sampling pipe is connected with the cylindrical box body.
Scales are arranged on the side wall of the stainless steel grinding cup.
The control system comprises a switch button, a timing button and a control circuit, wherein the switch button and the timing button are electrically connected with the control circuit.
The cylindrical top cover box is made of PVC materials, the height of the cylindrical top cover box is 500mm, the thickness of the cylindrical top cover box is 4-8mm, and the radius of the cylindrical top cover box is 350 mm; the top of the cylindrical top cover box is provided with four mounting holes, namely a temperature sensor probe mounting hole, a sulfur pollutant automatic spraying device mounting hole, a pressure balance pipe mounting hole and a micro barometer mounting hole, and the temperature sensor probe mounting hole, the sulfur pollutant automatic spraying device mounting hole, the pressure balance pipe mounting hole and the micro barometer mounting hole are respectively provided with a temperature sensor probe, a sulfur pollutant automatic spraying device, a pressure balance pipe and a micro barometer; the mounting hole of the automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device is positioned in the middle of the cylindrical top cover box.
The cylinder box chooses the PVC material for use, and the radius and the thickness of cylinder box all are unanimous with cylinder top cap case, and the height of cylinder box is 800 supplyes with drugs 1500mm, and the bottom of cylinder box is equipped with the stainless steel support.
An experimental method for simulating greenhouse gas distribution of a water-bottom mud system in a ditch under sulfur pollution is characterized by comprising the following steps:
uniformly paving quartz sand with the thickness of 30mm at the bottom of a cylindrical box body, paving a layer of gauze on the quartz sand, homogenizing the ditch bottom mud collected in situ, and uniformly paving the ditch bottom mud in the cylindrical box body to form a bottom mud layer, wherein the thickness of the bottom mud layer is 200-500 mm;
secondly, continuously and slowly injecting water into the cylindrical box body to form a water layer, keeping the thickness of the water layer at 400-800mm, and forming an air layer above the water layer in the cylindrical box body;
thirdly, connecting the cylindrical top cover box with the cylindrical box body, covering the cylindrical top cover box on the cylindrical box body, and sealing the cylindrical top cover box by using a sealed rubber belt to prevent gas from leaking;
fourthly, connecting a gas sampling device, connecting an injector with a sampling pipe through a Y-shaped three-way ball valve, and fixing a stainless steel base;
fifthly, quantitatively adding pollutants required by the experiment according to a scale line in the stainless steel grinding cup at a set frequency, adding the pollutants into the stainless steel grinding cup through a pollutant adding port, setting time in a control system, controlling the motor to be started and stopped at fixed time by the control system so as to start the motor at fixed time, driving a stainless steel blade to rotate by the rotation of a power output shaft of the motor when the motor is started, and grinding the pollutants in the stainless steel grinding cup by the rotation of the stainless steel blade; then opening a bottom valve to enable the ground pollutants to enter a triangular flask with a hole at the lower part, and uniformly spraying the pollutants into a cylindrical box body at the lower part through a plurality of pores at the bottom of the triangular flask;
sixthly, monitoring and sampling, namely collecting gas at intervals of 5 minutes within 0.25-5 days after sulfur pollutants are sprayed, adjusting a Y-shaped three-way ball valve to enable a sampling pipe to be communicated with an injector, simultaneously opening a rubber plug cap on a pressure balance pipe to ensure that the internal and external air pressures of the cylindrical box body are balanced, pulling a power drawing plate to drive a piston to move outwards in the injector, and collecting gas samples at different depths in the cylindrical box body through the injector, the Y-shaped three-way ball valve and the sampling pipe; respectively measuring the air temperature and the air pressure in the cylindrical box body through a temperature sensor probe and a micro air pressure meter, and recording the air temperature and the air pressure in the cylindrical box body; after sampling, quickly covering a rubber plug cap of the air pressure balance pipe and sealing air in the cylindrical box body;
and step seven, measuring the gas sample, measuring the collected gas by using a gas chromatograph, and analyzing the concentration of the gas measured at different heights.
The experimental device and the method for simulating the greenhouse gas distribution of the water-bottom mud system in the ditch under sulfur pollution provided by the invention have the advantages that the structure is reasonable, the production and the manufacture are easy, and the use is convenient, and the experimental device and the method mainly comprise an automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device, a cylindrical top cover box, a cylindrical box body, a gas sampling device, a temperature sensor probe, a pressure balance pipe and a micro barometer; temperature sensor probe, the automatic sprinkler of sulphur pollutant, pressure balance pipe and miniature barometer are arranged in the left side at cylinder top cap case top, directly over, the right side and rightmost side respectively, and cylinder top cap case connects down the cylinder box, and gaseous sampling device is located the side of cylinder box, and the side and the slope of box are upwards arranged to the sampling pipe that it includes are arranged in respectively equidistant evenly.
Preferably, the automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device comprises a control system, a pollutant adding port, a motor, a stainless steel grinding cup, a stainless steel blade, a valve and a triangular flask with holes; the stainless steel grinding cup is provided with scales, the control system comprises a switch button, a timing button and a control circuit, and the purpose that the motor drives the stainless steel blade to grind the added pollutants quantitatively and regularly is achieved. The bottom of the triangular flask with the hole is distributed with the pores, so that pollutants after grinding can be uniformly sprayed into the cylindrical box body below.
Preferably, the cylindrical top cover box is made of PVC material, the height of the cylindrical top cover box is 500mm, the thickness of the cylindrical top cover box is 4-8mm, and the radius of the cylindrical top cover box is 250mm and 350 mm. Four mounting holes are formed in the top of the cylindrical top cover box, the automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device is mounted in the middle of the top of the cylindrical top cover box, the temperature sensor is mounted on the left side of the cylindrical top cover box, and the pressure balance pipe and the micro barometer are sequentially mounted on the right side of the cylindrical top cover box.
Preferably, the cylindrical box body is also made of PVC materials, the radius and the thickness of the cylindrical box body are consistent with those of the cylindrical top cover box, the height of the cylindrical top cover box is 800-1500mm, the bottom of the cylindrical top cover box is provided with a stainless steel support, and the side face of the cylindrical top cover box is provided with a gas sampling device.
Preferably, the gas sampling device comprises a stainless steel frame, a stainless steel track, a steel wire rope, a power drawing plate, a piston, a pull ring, a stainless steel strip, a stainless steel base, a Y-shaped three-way ball valve, a sampling pipe, an injector, a roller and the like; the sampling pipes are arranged on the side surface of the cylindrical box body at equal intervals of 10-20cm and are obliquely arranged at an angle of 120-170 degrees upwards so as to measure the concentration distribution of the greenhouse gases with different space depths, and in order to prevent soil from blocking the sampling pipes, filtering gauzes are arranged at the joints of the sampling pipes and the side surface of the cylindrical box body.
Preferably, the injector is externally provided with threads, the number and the distribution distance of the injectors are consistent with those of the sampling pipes, the injectors respectively penetrate through uniformly distributed threaded holes in the stainless steel strip and are fastened, and the corresponding pistons are connected with the power drawing plate; the bottom of the power drawing plate is provided with rollers which can slide and be fixed on the stainless steel track; the injector is connected with the sampling pipe through a Y-shaped three-way ball valve. The inclination angle β is calculated by the following formula:
β＝γ-θ
wherein gamma is the inclination angle of the sampling pipe, and theta is the minimum included angle of the Y-shaped three-way ball valve.
When in use, the method comprises the following steps:
step one, customizing a cylindrical top cover box and a cylindrical box body: and (3) customizing a cylindrical top cover box and a box body with the same radius and thickness, and arranging sampling pipes of 120-170 degrees in the inclined direction at equal intervals on the side surface of the box body.
And step two, filling bottom mud required by the experiment: quartz sand with the thickness of 30mm is uniformly paved at the bottom of the cylindrical box body, a layer of gauze is paved on the quartz sand, the ditch bottom mud collected in situ is homogenized and then uniformly paved in the cylindrical box body, and the thickness of the bottom mud layer is 200-500 mm.
Thirdly, injecting the required water body: and slowly injecting the required water into the cylindrical box body, and keeping the thickness of the water layer to be 400-800 mm.
Fourthly, installing an automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device, a temperature sensor probe, a pressure balance pipe and a miniature barometer: the automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device, the temperature sensor, the pressure balance pipe and the miniature barometer sequentially penetrate through the left mounting opening, the middle mounting opening, the right mounting opening and the rightmost mounting opening in the upper portion of the cylindrical top cover box respectively to be fixedly mounted.
And fifthly, connecting the box cover and the box body: and the cylindrical top cover box is covered on the cylindrical box body and is sealed by a sealed rubber belt, so that gas is prevented from leaking.
And a sixth step of connecting a gas sampling device: the injector is connected with the sampling pipe through a Y-shaped three-way ball valve, and a stainless steel base is fixed well.
Seventhly, automatically spraying sulfur pollutants: the pollutants required by the experiment are quantitatively added according to a scale line in the stainless steel grinding cup at a certain frequency, the time is set, a motor in the pollutant spraying device is started to grind the pollutants, then a bottom valve is opened to enable the ground pollutants to enter a triangular flask with holes at the lower part, and the pollutants are uniformly sprayed into a cylindrical box body at the lower part.
Step eight, monitoring and sampling: collecting gas every 5 minutes within 0.25-5 days after sulfur and other pollutants are sprayed, adjusting a Y-shaped three-way ball valve to enable a sampling pipe to be communicated with an injector, simultaneously opening a rubber plug cap on a pressure balance pipe to ensure balance of air pressure inside and outside a cylindrical box body, pulling a power drawing plate to realize collection of gas samples at different depths of the cylindrical box body, and recording the air pressure and the air pressure inside the box body; after sampling, the rubber plug cap of the air pressure balance tube is quickly covered tightly and the air in the cylindrical box body is sealed.
The ninth step: and (3) measuring a gas sample: the collected gas is measured by a gas chromatograph, and the concentration of the gas measured at different depths is analyzed.
Has the advantages that: the invention aims at an experimental device and a method for simulating the distribution of greenhouse gases in a water-bottom mud system in a ditch under sulfur pollution, which can realize the sampling of greenhouse gases at different depths in an overlying water-bottom mud system under different concentrations and input frequencies of sulfur pollutants, are not interfered by field environment, and can accurately and quantitatively determine the concentration distribution of the greenhouse gases at different spatial depths; the experimental simulation device and the simulation method are provided for researching the concentration distribution of the greenhouse gases in the upper water-bottom mud system in the ditch system under the condition of sulfur pollution, the operation is simple, the cost is low, and theoretical basis and technical support are provided for accurately determining and better improving the indirect emission of the greenhouse gases in the rice field ecological system.
The method is simple to operate, low in cost and free from field environment interference, and can accurately and quantitatively determine the concentration distribution of the greenhouse gas in the sediment at different depths; provides an experimental method for researching the distribution characteristics of greenhouse gases in an upper water-bottom mud system in a ditch system under the condition of sulfur pollution, and has important theoretical and practical significance for further accurately determining the indirect emission of the greenhouse gases in the rice field ecosystem.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a gas sampling assembly of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of an automatic sulfur contaminant spraying apparatus of the present invention.
In the figure: 1 temperature sensor probe, 2 cylindrical top cover box, 3 cylindrical box body, 4 gas sampling device, 4-1 stainless steel frame, 4-2 stainless steel track, 4-3 steel wire rope, 4-4 power drawplate, 4-5 piston, 4-6 pull ring, 4-7 stainless steel strip, 4-8 stainless steel base, 4-9Y type three-way ball valve, 4-10 sampling tube, 4-11 injector, 4-12 roller, 5 filter screen, 6 sulfur pollutant automatic spraying device, 6-1 switch button, 6-2 control system, 6-3 stainless steel grinding cup, 6-4 valve, 6-5 triangular flask, 6-6 timing button, 6-7 pollutant adding port, 6-8 motor, 6-9 stainless steel blade, 6-10 pore, 7 pressure balance tube, 8 micro barometer, 9 air layer, 10 water layer, 11 scale lines, 12 bottom mud layer, 13 gauze, 14 quartz sand, 15 stainless steel support.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the description thereof.
As shown in figures 1-3, the experimental device for simulating the distribution of greenhouse gases in a water-bottom mud system in a ditch under sulfur pollution comprises a temperature sensor probe 1, a cylindrical top cover box 2, a cylindrical box body 3, a gas sampling device 4, an automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device 6, a pressure balance pipe 7 and a micro barometer 8.
The cylindrical top cover box 2 is connected with the cylindrical box body 3 in a downward connection mode, the cylindrical top cover box 2 covers the cylindrical box body 3, and the cylindrical box body 3 is provided with a scale line 11; the temperature sensor probe 1 is arranged on the left side of the top of the cylindrical top cover box 2 and penetrates through the cylindrical top cover box 2 to extend into the cylindrical box body 3; pressure balance pipe 7, miniature barometer 8 all install in the right side of cylinder top cap case 2, and pressure balance pipe 7, miniature barometer 8 all pass cylinder top cap case 2 and stretch in cylinder box 3, and miniature barometer 8 is located the right side of pressure balance pipe 7, and pressure balance pipe 7 stopper has the rubber stopper cap.
The automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device 6 comprises a control system 6-2, a stainless steel grinding cup 6-3 and a triangular flask 6-5, wherein the bottom of the stainless steel grinding cup 6-3 is communicated with the top of the triangular flask 6-5, a plurality of pores 6-10 are arranged at the bottom of the triangular flask 6-5, and a valve 6-4 is arranged at the communicated joint of the stainless steel grinding cup 6-3 and the triangular flask 6-5; a motor 6-8 is arranged in the stainless steel grinding cup 6-3, and a pollutant adding port 6-7 is arranged on the side edge of the upper part of the stainless steel grinding cup 6-3; the power output shaft of the motor 6-8 is provided with a stainless steel blade 6-9, the control system 6-2 is electrically connected with the motor 6-8, the control system 6-2 controls the motor 6-8 to be started and stopped at regular time, and when the motor 6-8 is started, the power output shaft of the motor 6-8 rotates to drive the stainless steel blade 6-9 to rotate.
The automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device 6 is installed right above the cylindrical top cover box 2, the automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device 6 penetrates through the cylindrical top cover box 2, a stainless steel grinding cup 6-3 of the automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device 6 is located outside the cylindrical top cover box 2, and a triangular flask 6-5 of the automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device 6 is located inside the cylindrical top cover box 2.
Pollutants are added into the stainless steel grinding cup 6-3 through the pollutant adding port 6-7, when the motor 6-8 is started, the rotation of the power output shaft of the motor 6-8 drives the stainless steel blade 6-9 to rotate, the rotation of the stainless steel blade 6-9 grinds the pollutants in the stainless steel grinding cup 6-3, the valve 6-4 is opened, the ground pollutants pass through the valve 6-4 and fall into the triangular flask 6-5, and are uniformly sprayed into the cylindrical box body 3 through the plurality of pores 6-10 at the bottom of the triangular flask 6-5.
The gas sampling device 4 is positioned on the side surface of the cylindrical box body 2, and the gas sampling device 4 comprises a stainless steel frame 4-1, a stainless steel track 4-2, a power drawing plate 4-4, a piston 4-5, a stainless steel strip 4-7, a stainless steel base 4-8, a Y-shaped three-way ball valve 4-9, a sampling pipe 4-10, an injector 4-11 and a roller 4-12.
The bottom of the stainless steel frame 4-1 is provided with a stainless steel base 4-8, and the upper part and the lower part of the stainless steel frame 4-1 are provided with stainless steel rails 4-2; the upper end and the lower end of the power drawing plate 4-4 are respectively provided with a roller 4-12, the rollers 4-12 at the upper end and the lower end of the power drawing plate 4-4 are respectively arranged in a stainless steel track 4-2 at the upper part and a stainless steel track 4-2 at the lower part of the stainless steel frame 4-1, and the power drawing plate 4-4 can slide on the stainless steel frame 4-1 under the action of the rollers 4-12.
The stainless steel strips 4-7 are arranged on a stainless steel frame 4-1, a plurality of injectors 4-11 are fixedly arranged on the stainless steel strips 4-7 at equal intervals, one ends of the injectors 4-11 are communicated with a Y-shaped three-way ball valve 4-9, pistons 4-5 are inserted into the other ends of the injectors 4-11, one ends of the pistons 4-5 are inserted into the injectors 4-11, and the other ends of the pistons 4-5 are fixedly connected with a power drawing plate 4-4; one end of the Y-shaped three-way ball valve 4-9 is communicated with the injector 4-11, and the other end is communicated with the sampling tube 4-10;
one end of the sampling pipe 4-10 is communicated with the Y-shaped three-way ball valve 4-9, the other end of the sampling pipe is obliquely arranged on the side surface of the cylindrical box body 3, and the sampling pipe 4-10 is communicated with the cylindrical box body 3; a plurality of sampling pipes 4-10 are arranged on the side surface of the cylindrical box body 3 at equal intervals; and opening the Y-shaped three-way ball valve 4-9, moving the power drawing plate 4-4 to drive the piston 4-5 to move in the injector 4-11, and when the piston 4-5 moves outwards, drawing air into the cylindrical box body 3 through the injector 4-11, the Y-shaped three-way ball valve 4-9 and the sampling tube 4-10.
Furthermore, a pull ring 4-6 which is convenient for moving the power drawing plate 4-4 is arranged on the power drawing plate 4-4; the stainless steel frame 4-1 is provided with a steel wire rope 4-3. The plurality of sampling pipes 4-10 are arranged on the side surface of the cylindrical box body 3 at equal intervals of 10-20cm (preferably 10 cm); and the sampling tube 4-10 is obliquely upwards arranged at 120-170 degrees (preferably 135 degrees) on the side surface of the cylindrical box body 3; the injector 4-11 is connected with the sampling pipe 4-10 through a Y-shaped three-way ball valve 4-9, and the inclination angle beta of the injector 4-11 is calculated by the following formula:
β＝γ-θ
wherein gamma is the inclination angle of the sampling pipe, and theta is the minimum included angle of the Y-shaped three-way ball valve.
The stainless steel strips 4-7 are provided with threaded holes, the outer walls of the injectors 4-11 are provided with external threads matched with the threaded holes, and the injectors 4-11 are screwed in the threaded holes through the external threads and are screwed and fixed with the stainless steel strips 4-7 through the threads. The connection parts of the sampling pipes 4-10 and the cylindrical box body 3 are all provided with the filter gauze 5 and are stuck and fixed by waterproof glue, so that the sampling pipes 4-10 are effectively prevented from being blocked by soil. Scales are arranged on the side wall of the stainless steel grinding cup 6-3. The control system 6-2 comprises a switch button 6-1, a timing button 6-6 and a control circuit, wherein the switch button 6-1 and the timing button 6-6 are electrically connected with the control circuit.
The cylindrical top cover box 2 is made of PVC materials, the height of the cylindrical top cover box 2 is 500mm, the thickness is 4-8mm, the radius is 250mm and 350mm, and preferably the height is 300mm, the thickness is 4mm and the radius is 250 mm; the top of the cylindrical top cover box 2 is provided with four mounting holes, namely a temperature sensor probe mounting hole, a sulfur pollutant automatic spraying device mounting hole, a pressure balance pipe mounting hole and a micro barometer mounting hole, wherein the temperature sensor probe mounting hole, the sulfur pollutant automatic spraying device mounting hole, the pressure balance pipe mounting hole and the micro barometer mounting hole are respectively provided with a temperature sensor probe 1, a sulfur pollutant automatic spraying device 6, a pressure balance pipe 7 and a micro barometer 8; the mounting hole of the automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device is positioned in the middle of the cylindrical top cover box 2.
The cylinder box 3 chooses the PVC material for use, and the radius and the thickness of cylinder box 3 all are unanimous with cylinder top cap case 2, and the height of cylinder box 3 is 800 and supplyes 1500mm (preferred height is 800mm), and the bottom of cylinder box 3 is equipped with stainless steel support 15.
The experimental method comprises the following steps:
firstly, uniformly paving 30 mm-thick quartz sand 14 at the bottom of a cylindrical box body 3, paving a layer of gauze 13 on the quartz sand, homogenizing the ditch bottom mud collected in situ, and uniformly paving the ditch bottom mud in the cylindrical box body 3 to form a bottom mud layer 12, wherein the thickness of the bottom mud layer 12 is 200-500mm, and the optimal thickness is 200 mm;
secondly, continuously and slowly injecting water into the cylindrical box body 3 to form a water layer 10, keeping the thickness of the water layer 10 at 400-800mm, preferably 400mm, and arranging an air layer 9 above the water layer 10 in the cylindrical box body 3;
thirdly, connecting the cylindrical top cover box 2 and the cylindrical box body 3, covering the cylindrical top cover box 2 on the cylindrical box body 3, and sealing by using a sealed rubber belt to prevent gas from leaking;
fourthly, connecting a gas sampling device 4, connecting an injector 4-11 with a sampling pipe 4-10 through a Y-shaped three-way ball valve 4-9, and fixing a stainless steel base 4-8;
fifthly, quantitatively adding pollutants required by the experiment according to a set frequency according to a scale line 11 in the stainless steel grinding cup 6-3, adding the pollutants into the stainless steel grinding cup 6-3 through a pollutant adding port 6-7, setting time in a control system 6-2, controlling the motor 6-8 to be started and stopped at regular time by the control system 6-2, and accordingly starting the motor 6-8 at regular time, driving a stainless steel blade 6-9 to rotate by rotation of a power output shaft of the motor 6-8 when the motor 6-8 is started, and grinding the pollutants in the stainless steel grinding cup 6-3 by rotation of the stainless steel blade 6-9; then opening a bottom valve 6-4 to enable the ground pollutants to enter a triangular flask 6-5 with a hole at the lower part, and uniformly spraying the pollutants into a cylindrical box body 3 at the lower part through a plurality of fine holes 6-10 at the bottom of the triangular flask 6-5;
sixthly, monitoring and sampling, namely collecting gas at intervals of 5 minutes within 0.25-5 days after sulfur pollutants are sprayed, adjusting a Y-shaped three-way ball valve 4-9 to enable a sampling pipe 4-10 to be communicated with an injector 4-11, simultaneously opening a rubber plug cap on a pressure balance pipe 7 to ensure that the internal and external air pressures of the cylindrical box body 3 are balanced, pulling a power drawing plate 4-4 to drive a piston 4-5 to move outwards in the injector 4-11, and simultaneously collecting gas samples at different depths in the cylindrical box body 3 through the injector 4-11, the Y-shaped three-way ball valve 4-9 and the sampling pipe 4-10; respectively measuring the air temperature and the air pressure in the cylindrical box body 3 through the temperature sensor probe 1 and the micro barometer 8, and recording the air temperature and the air pressure in the cylindrical box body 3; after sampling, quickly covering a rubber plug cap of the air pressure balance pipe 7 and sealing the air in the cylindrical box body 3;
and step seven, measuring the gas sample, measuring the collected gas by using a gas chromatograph, and analyzing the concentration of the gas measured at different heights.
The invention can realize the sampling of greenhouse gases with different depths in the overlying water-bottom mud system under different concentrations and input frequencies of sulfur, is not interfered by the field environment, and can accurately and quantitatively measure the concentration distribution of the greenhouse gases with different spatial depths; the distribution characteristics of greenhouse gases in an overlying water-bottom mud system in a trench system under sulfur pollution were studied.
The method has low cost and simple operation, and has important significance for accurately determining and further improving the indirect emission of the greenhouse gases in the rice field ecosystem.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. An experimental device for simulating greenhouse gas distribution of a water-bottom mud system in a ditch under sulfur pollution is characterized by comprising a temperature sensor probe (1), a cylindrical top cover box (2), a cylindrical box body (3), a gas sampling device (4), an automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device (6), a pressure balance pipe (7) and a miniature barometer (8);
the cylindrical top cover box (2) is connected with the cylindrical box body (3) in a downward connection mode, the cylindrical top cover box (2) covers the cylindrical box body (3), and the cylindrical box body (3) is provided with a scale line (11); the temperature sensor probe (1) is arranged on the left side of the top of the cylindrical top cover box (2) and penetrates through the cylindrical top cover box (2) to extend into the cylindrical box body (3); the pressure balance pipe (7) and the miniature barometer (8) are both arranged on the right side of the cylindrical top cover box (2), the pressure balance pipe (7) and the miniature barometer (8) both penetrate through the cylindrical top cover box (2) and extend into the cylindrical box body (3), the miniature barometer (8) is positioned on the right side of the pressure balance pipe (7), and the pressure balance pipe (7) is plugged with a rubber plug cap;
the automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device (6) comprises a control system (6-2), a stainless steel grinding cup (6-3) and a triangular flask (6-5), wherein the bottom of the stainless steel grinding cup (6-3) is communicated with the top of the triangular flask (6-5), a plurality of pores (6-10) are formed in the bottom of the triangular flask (6-5), and a valve (6-4) is arranged at the communicated joint of the stainless steel grinding cup (6-3) and the triangular flask (6-5); a motor (6-8) is arranged in the stainless steel grinding cup (6-3), and a pollutant adding port (6-7) is arranged on the side edge of the upper part of the stainless steel grinding cup (6-3); a power output shaft of the motor (6-8) is provided with a stainless steel blade (6-9), the control system (6-2) is electrically connected with the motor (6-8), the control system (6-2) controls the motor (6-8) to be started and stopped at regular time, and when the motor (6-8) is started, the rotation of the power output shaft of the motor (6-8) drives the stainless steel blade (6-9) to rotate;
the automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device (6) is arranged right above the cylindrical top cover box (2), the automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device (6) penetrates through the cylindrical top cover box (2), a stainless steel grinding cup (6-3) of the automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device (6) is positioned outside the cylindrical top cover box (2), and a triangular flask (6-5) of the automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device (6) is positioned in the cylindrical top cover box (2);
pollutants are added into the stainless steel grinding cup (6-3) through the pollutant adding port (6-7), when the motor (6-8) is started, the rotation of the power output shaft of the motor (6-8) drives the stainless steel blade (6-9) to rotate, the rotation of the stainless steel blade (6-9) grinds the pollutants in the stainless steel grinding cup (6-3), the valve (6-4) is opened, the ground pollutants pass through the valve (6-4) and fall into the triangular flask (6-5), and the pollutants are uniformly sprayed into the cylindrical box body (3) through the plurality of pores (6-10) at the bottom of the triangular flask (6-5);
the gas sampling device (4) is positioned on the side face of the cylindrical box body (3), and the gas sampling device (4) comprises a stainless steel frame (4-1), a stainless steel track (4-2), a power drawing plate (4-4), a piston (4-5), a stainless steel strip (4-7), a stainless steel base (4-8), a Y-shaped three-way ball valve (4-9), a sampling pipe (4-10), an injector (4-11) and a roller (4-12);
a stainless steel base (4-8) is arranged at the bottom of the stainless steel frame (4-1), and stainless steel rails (4-2) are arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the stainless steel frame (4-1); the upper end and the lower end of the power drawing plate (4-4) are respectively provided with a roller (4-12), the rollers (4-12) at the upper end and the lower end of the power drawing plate (4-4) are respectively arranged in a stainless steel track (4-2) at the upper part and a stainless steel track (4-2) at the lower part of the stainless steel frame (4-1), and the power drawing plate (4-4) can slide on the stainless steel frame (4-1) under the action of the rollers (4-12);
the stainless steel strips (4-7) are arranged on a stainless steel frame (4-1), a plurality of injectors (4-11) are fixedly arranged on the stainless steel strips (4-7) at equal intervals, one ends of the injectors (4-11) are communicated with Y-shaped three-way ball valves (4-9), pistons (4-5) are inserted into the other ends of the injectors (4-11), one ends of the pistons (4-5) are inserted into the injectors (4-11), and the other ends of the pistons are fixedly connected with a power drawing plate (4-4); one end of the Y-shaped three-way ball valve (4-9) is communicated with the injector (4-11), and the other end of the Y-shaped three-way ball valve is communicated with the sampling pipe (4-10);
one end of the sampling pipe (4-10) is communicated with the Y-shaped three-way ball valve (4-9), the other end of the sampling pipe is obliquely arranged on the side surface of the cylindrical box body (3), and the sampling pipe (4-10) is communicated with the cylindrical box body (3); a plurality of sampling pipes (4-10) are arranged on the side surface of the cylindrical box body (3) at equal intervals; opening the Y-shaped three-way ball valve (4-9), moving the power drawing plate (4-4) to drive the piston (4-5) to move in the injector (4-11), and when the piston (4-5) moves outwards, drawing air into the cylindrical box body (3) through the injector (4-11), the Y-shaped three-way ball valve (4-9) and the sampling pipe (4-10);
the cylindrical top cover box (2) is made of PVC materials, the height of the cylindrical top cover box (2) is 500mm, the thickness is 4-8mm, and the radius is 250mm and 350 mm; the top of the cylindrical top cover box (2) is provided with four mounting holes, namely a temperature sensor probe mounting hole, a sulfur pollutant automatic spraying device mounting hole, a pressure balance pipe mounting hole and a micro barometer mounting hole, wherein the temperature sensor probe mounting hole, the sulfur pollutant automatic spraying device mounting hole, the pressure balance pipe mounting hole and the micro barometer mounting hole are respectively provided with a temperature sensor probe (1), a sulfur pollutant automatic spraying device (6), a pressure balance pipe (7) and a micro barometer (8); the mounting hole of the automatic sulfur pollutant spraying device is positioned in the middle of the cylindrical top cover box (2);
the cylindrical box body (3) is made of PVC materials, the radius and the thickness of the cylindrical box body (3) are consistent with those of the cylindrical top cover box (2), the height of the cylindrical box body (3) is 800-1500mm, and the bottom of the cylindrical box body (3) is provided with a stainless steel support (15);
scales are arranged on the side wall of the stainless steel grinding cup (6-3).
2. The experimental facility for simulating greenhouse gas distribution of a water-bottom mud system in a ditch under sulfur pollution according to claim 1, wherein the power drawing plate (4-4) is provided with a pull ring (4-6); and a steel wire rope (4-3) is arranged on the stainless steel frame (4-1).
3. The experimental device for simulating the greenhouse gas distribution of the water-sediment system in the ditch under the pollution of sulfur according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of sampling pipes (4-10) are arranged on the side surface of the cylindrical box body (3) at equal intervals of 10-20 cm; the sampling pipe (4-10) is obliquely arranged on the side surface of the cylindrical box body (3) at an angle of 120 DEG and 170 DEG upwards;
the injector (4-11) is connected with the sampling pipe (4-10) through a Y-shaped three-way ball valve (4-9), and the inclination angle beta of the injector (4-11) is calculated by the following formula:
β＝γ-θ
wherein gamma is the inclination angle of the sampling pipe, and theta is the minimum included angle of the Y-shaped three-way ball valve.
4. The experimental device for simulating the distribution of greenhouse gases in the water-sediment system in a ditch under sulfur pollution according to claim 1, wherein the stainless steel bars (4-7) are provided with threaded holes, the outer walls of the injectors (4-11) are provided with external threads matched with the threaded holes, and the injectors (4-11) are screwed in the threaded holes through the external threads and are screwed and fixed with the stainless steel bars (4-7).
5. The experimental device for simulating the greenhouse gas distribution of the water-sediment system in the ditch under the pollution of sulfur as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filtering gauze (5) is arranged at the junction of the sampling pipes (4-10) and the cylindrical box body (3).
6. The experimental device for simulating the greenhouse gas distribution of the water-sediment system in the ditch polluted by the sulfur as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control system (6-2) comprises a switch button (6-1), a timing button (6-6) and a control circuit, and the switch button (6-1) and the timing button (6-6) are electrically connected with the control circuit.
7. The method for simulating greenhouse gas distribution of a water-sediment system in a ditch under sulfur pollution according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the experimental method comprises the following steps:
firstly, uniformly paving quartz sand (14) with the thickness of 30mm at the bottom of a cylindrical box body (3), paving a layer of gauze (13) on the quartz sand, homogenizing ditch bottom mud collected in situ, and uniformly paving the ditch bottom mud in the cylindrical box body (3) to form a bottom mud layer (12), wherein the thickness of the bottom mud layer (12) is 200-500 mm;
secondly, continuously and slowly injecting water into the cylindrical box body (3) to form a water layer (10), keeping the thickness of the water layer (10) at 400-800mm, and arranging an air layer (9) above the water layer (10) in the cylindrical box body (3);
thirdly, connecting the cylindrical top cover box (2) with the cylindrical box body (3), covering the cylindrical top cover box (2) on the cylindrical box body (3), and sealing by using a sealed rubber belt to prevent gas from leaking;
fourthly, connecting a gas sampling device (4), connecting an injector (4-11) with a sampling pipe (4-10) through a Y-shaped three-way ball valve (4-9), and fixing a stainless steel base (4-8);
fifthly, quantitatively adding pollutants required by an experiment according to a scale line (11) in the stainless steel grinding cup (6-3) at a set frequency, adding the pollutants into the stainless steel grinding cup (6-3) through a pollutant adding port (6-7), setting time in a control system (6-2), controlling a motor (6-8) to be started and stopped at a fixed time by the control system (6-2), so that the motor (6-8) is started at a fixed time, driving a stainless steel blade (6-9) to rotate by the rotation of a power output shaft of the motor (6-8) when the motor (6-8) is started, and grinding the pollutants in the stainless steel grinding cup (6-3) by the rotation of the stainless steel blade (6-9); then opening a bottom valve (6-4) to enable the ground pollutants to enter a triangular flask (6-5) with a hole at the lower part, and uniformly spraying the pollutants into a cylindrical box body (3) at the lower part through a plurality of pores (6-10) at the bottom of the triangular flask (6-5);
sixthly, monitoring and sampling, wherein in 0.25-5 days after sulfur pollutants are sprayed, gas is collected every 5 minutes, a Y-shaped three-way ball valve (4-9) is adjusted to enable a sampling pipe (4-10) to be communicated with an injector (4-11), a rubber plug cap on a pressure balance pipe (7) is opened at the same time to ensure that the internal and external air pressures of the cylindrical box body (3) are balanced, a power drawing plate (4-4) is pulled to drive a piston (4-5) to move outwards in the injector (4-11), and gas samples at different depths in the cylindrical box body (3) are collected through the injector (4-11), the Y-shaped three-way ball valve (4-9) and the sampling pipe (4-10); respectively measuring the air temperature and the air pressure in the cylindrical box body (3) through the temperature sensor probe (1) and the micro barometer (8), and recording the air temperature and the air pressure in the cylindrical box body (3); after sampling, quickly covering a rubber plug cap of the pressure balance pipe (7) tightly and sealing the gas in the cylindrical box body (3);
and step seven, measuring the gas sample, measuring the collected gas by using a gas chromatograph, and analyzing the concentration of the gas measured at different heights.
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| CN101591131B (en) * | 2009-05-21 | 2011-11-30 | 东莞圣源环保科技有限公司 | Method for treating bottom sediment in lake |
| CN102749228B (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2014-04-09 | 河海大学 | Shallow lake greenhouse gas in-situ collection device |
| CN202903552U (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2013-04-24 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Device for collecting release gas of bottom mud of water body |
| CN104133005B (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2016-01-20 | 浙江省农业科学院 | A kind of simulation laboratory test method measuring rice field greenhouse gas emission |
| CN104326558B (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2016-05-25 | 南京大学 | Simulation original position river bottom mud anaerobic ammonium oxidation process device and using method and application |
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