CN110244305A - A kind of emulation mode of Underwater Target Signal scattering - Google Patents
A kind of emulation mode of Underwater Target Signal scattering Download PDFInfo
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- CN110244305A CN110244305A CN201910618549.XA CN201910618549A CN110244305A CN 110244305 A CN110244305 A CN 110244305A CN 201910618549 A CN201910618549 A CN 201910618549A CN 110244305 A CN110244305 A CN 110244305A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/89—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of emulation modes of Underwater Target Signal scattering, include the following steps: 1, establish system physical model, and object is placed in imaging background area by the length and width of setting imaging background area, and entire imaging background area is divided into multiple plate members；Simulation uses face array transducer array, emits sine wave signal；2, it after emitting signal, calculates and obtains echo signal data；3, received different echo-signals are pre-processed；4, after obtaining echo data, displaying target image.Good stability when propagating in water the present invention is based on sound wave obtains the echo data of object using emulation mode；Entire imaging region is divided into several plate members, improves the resolution ratio of imaging.Focus processing echo data is superimposed using delay, enables each array element desired signal in-phase stacking, improves output signal-to-noise ratio.Using log-compressed, enhances image and show intensity, the target image of high-resolution is finally showed by grey scale mapping.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the emulation modes that ultrasonic imaging field more particularly to a kind of Underwater Target Signal scatter.
Background technique
Water area accounts for 70 the percent of the earth gross area, and the great potential of water-bed resource keeps its strategic position increasingly heavier
It wants.Countries in the world are devoted to the research of various water-bed Detection Techniques, wherein Underwater Imaging be undersea detection important prerequisite it
One.At present in many fields, light imaging is more with electromagnetic wave imaging Technology application, technology also relative maturity, but with general land
Environment is compared, and underwater environment is increasingly complex.Decaying is serious when radio wave and light wave are propagated in an aqueous medium, can not pass over long distances
It broadcasts, therefore light imaging is difficult to be applied under water with electromagnetic wave imaging technology.Acoustics imaging can overcome underwater environment is complicated to ask
Topic, stability when being propagated under water due to sound wave is higher, more adaptable, thus acoustics imaging be imaged under water in advantage more
Greatly, and sound wave propagation attenuation is less under water, can satisfy the requirement that is imaged at a distance under water.The demand of Underwater resources exploitation
So that underwater sound imaging technique develops very fast, the imaging effect of current many imaging techniques is not ideal enough, therefore studies water
Lower acoustics imaging is great significant.
Acoustics imaging refers to that by information, by sonic transmissions, the working principle of current various acoustic imaging devices is to utilize master
Dynamic sonar transmission sound wave, sound wave can reflect echo-signal after encountering target object, carry out to the echo-signal received
Relevant treatment obtains image.Acoustic imaging techniques are of wide application, B ultrasound, CT medically；Military Forward-looking Sonar, side
Sweep sonar；Under-water hypostasis detection, industrial flaw detection on civilian etc. are all its concrete applications.
With the development of Underwater Imaging technology, more and more imaging methods are suggested, such as Jiang Jian uses spheric array pair
Echo data after delay process is carried out FFT variation, proposes fundamental frequency wave amplitude by submarine target imaging, is obtained to amplitude recombination
Obtain target image；Liu Dezhu simulates underwater sound signal by establishing the implementation of underwater Beam Scattering model, calculate target object at
As delay time between sonar and delay phase, simulation gained signal is imaged with Imaging sonar；Li Hongsheng etc. utilizes throwing
The sinusoidal light intensity of shadow output two dimension irradiates submarine target, recycles the submarine target under the acquisition illumination of high speed high-definition camera, leads to
Computer software is crossed to image procossing, the three-dimensional imaging and pattern-recognition of underwater static and dynamic object may be implemented.Li De
By ultrasonic transducer module and ultrasonic phase array control module object moral size and distance are measured, according to Doppler
The display of image-forming principle realization virtual image.Echo signal is carried out compressed sensing measurement using digital micro-mirror by Li Xuelong etc., so
Afterwards to signal sampling and the member that disappears, different distance echo-signal is segmented in timing, finally completes image reconstruction, it can be achieved that remote
Range Imaging；Qin Huawei etc. according to echo highlight model theory propose it is a kind of for rigid ball and flexible ball acoustics imaging and
The method of detection；Zeng Wenbing, for the problem that underwater imaging system image taking speed is slow, introduces compressed sensing in its Master's thesis
Technical treatment data devise a kind of compression sensing method of optimization, reduce systematic sampling number and improve image quality；Korea Spro
Put down it is beautiful propose a kind of underwater polarization imaging method of optics in its doctoral thesis, this method is orthogonal using collected polarization state
Correlation between subgraph obtains optimal polarization subgraph, reduces noise with this, improve image quality.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in view of the deficienciess of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high-resolution underwater
Target echo characteristic Simulation method, this method are based on acoustic scattering characteristic, can be reliably and effectively real under water under Near Field
Existing object structure imaging.
Technical solution: a kind of emulation mode of Underwater Target Signal scattering includes the following steps:
Step 1 establishes system physical model, and object is placed in imaging background area by the length and width of setting imaging background area
Entire imaging background area is divided into multiple plate members by domain；Simulation uses face array transducer array, emits sine wave signal；It is excellent
Choosing is using the identical square plate member of size；
After step 2, transmitting signal, calculates and obtain echo signal data；
Step 3 pre-processes received different echo-signals；
Step 4, after obtaining echo data, displaying target image.
Further, it in the step 2, is calculated using kirchhoff scattering law and obtains echo signal data.
Further, in the step 3, echo data is pre-processed in such a way that delay superposition focuses.It is described
The principle that delay superposition focuses is as follows:In formula, s (t) is the echo-signal received, and N is to change
Energy device sum, r/c is signal propagation time, τnTime delay, S are obtained for n-th of energy converterDASIt (t) is echo data by delay superposition
Echo data after Wave beam forming.
Further, in the step 4, imaging data is handled using log-compressed, enhancing image shows intensity,
And the gray level image of the target image is shown using grey scale mapping.
Compared to the prior art, the present invention has following marked improvement: good when 1, propagating in water the present invention is based on sound wave
Good stability obtains the echo data of object using kirchhoff scattering law using emulation mode.2, entire imaging
Region segmentation is at several plate members, to improve the resolution ratio of imaging.3, delay superposition is carried out to the echo data of each plate member
Focus processing enables each array element desired signal in-phase stacking, improves output signal-to-noise ratio.3, using log-compressed, enhance image
It shows intensity, the target image of high-resolution is finally showed by grey scale mapping.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is present system illustraton of model；
Fig. 2 is inventive algorithm flow chart；
Fig. 3 is that delay superposition focuses schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is echo data waveform diagram；
Fig. 5 is experimental result analogous diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to specific embodiments and the drawings, technical solution of the present invention is described in detail.
It is as shown in Figure 1 present system illustraton of model, in the present embodiment, using algorithm of the invention to a long 45cm wide
The cross target imaging of 15cm, steps are as follows:
Step 1: assuming that target cross center is located at coordinate origin, cross target being divided into the pros that side length is 1cm
Shape plate member, R represent the distance vector for receiving array element to plate member, R1Represent the distance vector for emitting array element to plate member.
Step 2: setting r0Represent the position vector for receiving array element to coordinate origin, R0Represent the position vector of transmitting array element.
Step 3: setting r is plate member position vector on target cross, and n is its surface unit exterior normal vector.
Step 4: according to Green function theory, any point r in space0Place's scattering momentum functionIt can be by
Kirchhoff integral representation are as follows:
In formula, s is target surface, G (r0, r) and=exp (jkR)/R is Green's function, j is imaginary number, and k is angular frequency.
Step 5: using the unknown quantity in 4 formula of integral equation method solution procedureWhen target signature dimension is much larger than
When sonar transmission signal wavelength, following approximate condition can be obtained by physical acoustics theory:
That is scattered fieldIt can be by in-fieldIt indicates, wherein V (θ) is target surface reflection coefficient.
Step 6: incidence wave potential functionI is imaginary number, it can thus be appreciated that:
Step 7: when near field, the transmitting signal that point sound source is irradiated in target no longer meets the approximate condition of plane wave, then
At this time:
This formula is the formula for calculating near-field target echo.
Step 8: since the position of different energy converters and target imaging point has differences, therefore needing to received different echoes
Signal carries out different delay, is pre-processed herein using delay superposition Wave beam forming to the echo data of acquisition, treated
Echo data can obtain same Xiang Zengqiang in desired orientation.Delay superposition focusing principle is as follows:
In formula, s (t) is the echo-signal received, and N is energy converter sum, and r/c is signal propagation time, τnIt is n-th
Energy converter obtains time delay.
Step 9: log-compressed processing being carried out to each imaging data using s=clog (1+r) formula, to reach last image
More there is the effect of contrast, wherein c is constant, and in the present embodiment, it is the value of imaging element that c, which takes 10, r,.Finally reflected according to gray scale
Penetrate the gray level image for showing object.
Be illustrated in figure 2 algorithm flow of the invention: transmitting array element transmitting sine wave signal, target are divided into several plates
Block member, signal can reflect echo-signal when reaching some plate member of target, be emulated and connect using the principle of reflection of acoustics
The echo-signal that array element receives is received, is focused by carrying out delay superposition to echo-signal so that respectively receiving the desired signal of array element
Same Xiang Xiangjia, using the emulating image of the method displaying target object of grey scale mapping.
As shown in figure 3, the length of linear array is 2L, the coordinate for receiving array element is indicated with (0, v), and c indicates the velocity of sound, original
After rectangular co-ordinate is changed to polar coordinate representation by transmitting signal,θ=arctan (y/x), due to the amplitude of signal
It does not play a key effect in imaging, does not consider the decaying of signal herein, therefore the signal received at postulated point (x, y) is complete
Full transmitting is then superimposed the echo-signal after focusing by delay are as follows:
According to conditionAbbreviation above formula obtains:
As shown in figure 4, in the case where using 4 transmitting array elements, 9 reception array element bistatics, according near field in step 7
The echo data that the scattering function of sound emulates.
As shown in figure 5, having carried out related experiment emulation to verify the feasibility of the above method, working frequency is
100KHZ, figure (a) are the bistatic of array element 9 reception array element of 4 transmittings, and imaging depth is 1.5 meters, and array element spacing is 4 times
The analogous diagram of half-wavelength, figure (b) are the analogous diagram that array element spacing is 5 times of half-wavelengths under the conditions of；(c) is schemed for 20 × 20 array elements receipts
Hair is closed and is set, and imaging depth is 5 meters, and array element spacing is the imaging simulation figure of 5 times of half-wavelengths, and figure (d) is 6 times of half-wavelengths under the conditions of
Imaging；Figure (e) is that the transmitting-receiving conjunction of 10 × 10 array elements is set, and imaging depth is 1.5 meters, and array element spacing is that the imaging of 5 times of half-wavelengths is imitative
True figure, figure (f) are under the conditions of, and array element spacing is the imaging simulation figure of 6 times of half-wavelengths.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of emulation mode of Underwater Target Signal scattering, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1 establishes system physical model, and object is placed in imaging background area by the length and width of setting imaging background area,
Entire imaging background area is divided into multiple plate members；Simulation uses face array transducer array, emits sine wave signal；
After step 2, transmitting signal, calculates and obtain echo signal data；
Step 3 pre-processes received different echo-signals；
Step 4, after obtaining echo data, displaying target image.
2. the emulation mode of Underwater Target Signal scattering according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step 2, benefit
It is calculated with kirchhoff scattering law and obtains echo signal data.
3. the emulation mode of Underwater Target Signal scattering according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step 3, adopt
Echo data is pre-processed with the mode that delay superposition focuses.
4. the emulation mode of Underwater Target Signal scattering according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the delay superposition is poly-
Burnt principle is as follows:
In formula, s (t) is the echo-signal received, and N is energy converter sum, and r/c is signal propagation time, τnFor n-th of transducing
Device obtains time delay.
5. the emulation mode of Underwater Target Signal scattering according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 4, benefit
Imaging data is handled with log-compressed.
6. the emulation mode of Underwater Target Signal scattering according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 4, adopt
The gray level image of the target image is shown with grey scale mapping.
7. the emulation mode of Underwater Target Signal scattering according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 1, adopt
With square plate member.
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| CN111580112A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-08-25 | 南京信息工程大学 | Underwater sonar sensor array imaging method based on plane waves |
| CN113705035A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-11-26 | 江苏科技大学 | Echo signal intensity simulation optimization method for moving surface ship |
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