CN110221179B - Grounding short circuit fault positioning method for grounding electrode line of high-voltage direct-current power transmission system - Google Patents

Grounding short circuit fault positioning method for grounding electrode line of high-voltage direct-current power transmission system Download PDF

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CN110221179B
CN110221179B CN201910583162.5A CN201910583162A CN110221179B CN 110221179 B CN110221179 B CN 110221179B CN 201910583162 A CN201910583162 A CN 201910583162A CN 110221179 B CN110221179 B CN 110221179B
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grounding electrode
electrode line
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林圣�
雷雨晴
孙沛瑶
张海强
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/58—Testing of lines, cables or conductors
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    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for positioning a grounding short circuit fault of a grounding electrode line of a high-voltage direct-current power transmission system, which mainly comprises the following steps of: A. data acquisition: when the grounding electrode circuit is judged to be in fault, acquiring a neutral bus voltage signal of the grounding electrode circuit and current signals of two grounding electrode circuits in real time; B. data processing: extracting characteristic harmonic components of a neutral bus voltage signal of the grounding electrode and current signals of two grounding electrode lines by a full-wave Fourier algorithm; C. calculating characteristic harmonic measurement impedance of the two lines; D. judging a fault branch of the grounding short circuit of the grounding electrode circuit: calculating characteristic harmonic wave measured impedance amplitude ratiokAccording tokJudging a fault branch; E. determining the fault distance of the grounding short circuit of the grounding electrode circuit: and carrying out fault location according to a ranging function deduced from the characteristic harmonic measurement impedance expression. The invention has strong and definite transition resistanceHigh bit precision, low implementation cost and easy engineering realization.

Description

Grounding short circuit fault positioning method for grounding electrode line of high-voltage direct-current power transmission system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power system fault positioning, in particular to a method for positioning a grounding short circuit fault of a grounding electrode line of a high-voltage direct-current power transmission system.
Background
The grounding electrode is an important component of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system and plays a role in providing a path for unbalanced current and clamping neutral point voltage. The distance of the grounding electrode line is long, the geographic environment is complex to span, and the troubleshooting work of the line fault is extremely difficult, so that the fault position can be quickly and accurately determined after the grounding electrode line has the fault, and the safe and stable operation of a large power grid can be guaranteed.
The fault location method of the grounding electrode line can be divided into three types at present, namely a pulse injection method, a traveling wave method and a fault analysis method. In the HVDC project currently in operation, a monitoring system based on a pulse injection method, i.e., a PEMO2000 device, is generally installed on an earth electrode line. The method comprises the steps of injecting a sine pulse signal with specific frequency into a grounding electrode circuit, and measuring the time of refraction and reflection of the pulse signal between a measuring end and a fault point so as to calculate the fault distance. However, in practical engineering, because the research on the impedance monitoring mechanism is still insufficient in a high-frequency signal environment, the impedance monitoring system for the grounding electrode line has the problem of low accuracy in the instantaneous fault distance measurement of the grounding electrode line. The traveling wave method is a fault positioning method based on the propagation rule of fault traveling waves on a line, and the fault distance is calculated by detecting the time when a traveling wave head reaches a single end or double ends of the line; the algorithm has high requirements on the reliability of the positioning of the traveling wave head and the accuracy of the wave speed, but the fault signal of the grounding electrode line is not large, and the attenuation is obvious in the refraction and reflection process, which brings great challenges to the reliability of the traveling wave method distance measurement. The fault analysis method is a fault positioning method based on a fault impedance distribution rule, and the method utilizes the electric quantity acquired by a measuring end of a grounding electrode line, a line equivalent circuit and line parameters to analyze fault characteristics, constructs a specific distance measurement algorithm based on the fault characteristics and further obtains a fault position.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for positioning a ground short circuit fault of a ground electrode line of a high voltage dc power transmission system, which is not affected by factors such as a fault location, a transition resistance, and a signal noise, has high ranging accuracy and high anti-noise interference capability, and is easy to implement in practical engineering. The technical scheme is as follows:
a method for positioning grounding short circuit fault of grounding electrode line of high-voltage direct-current transmission system comprises the following steps:
step A: data acquisition
The control protection system of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system detects whether the grounding electrode line has a fault, and if the fault is detected, a grounding electrode neutral bus voltage signal U (t) and a first grounding electrode line l are obtained1Current signal I1(t) and a second ground electrode line l2Current signal I2(t), where t represents a sampling instant;
and B: data processing
Extracting a voltage signal U (t) of a neutral bus of an earth electrode and a first earth electrode line l by utilizing a full-wave Fourier algorithm1Current signal I1(t) and a second ground electrode line l2Current signal I2(t) respectively obtaining the characteristic harmonic voltage value U of the neutral bus of the grounding electrodenThe first grounding electrode line l1Characteristic harmonic current value of1 nAnd a second grounding electrode line2Characteristic harmonic current value of2 n；
And C: calculating characteristic harmonic measured impedance
According to the characteristic harmonic voltage value U of the neutral bus of the grounding electrodenThe first grounding electrode line l1Characteristic harmonic current value ofI1 nAnd a second grounding electrode line2Characteristic harmonic current value of2 nRespectively calculate the first grounding electrode line l1Characteristic harmonic impedance Z of1 n＝Un/I1 nAnd a second grounding electrode line2Characteristic harmonic impedance Z of2 n＝Un/I2 n；
Step D: fault branch for judging grounding short circuit of grounding electrode line
D1: calculating the ratio k of the characteristic harmonic measured impedance amplitudes of the two grounding electrode lines according to the following formula:
k＝|Z1 n|/|Z2 n|
d2: the ratio k of the characteristic harmonic measured impedance amplitude value and the set fault branch judgment threshold ksetComparing; if k is<ksetIf so, it is determined that the ground short fault occurs on the first grounding electrode line1The above step (1); if k is>1/ksetIf the ground short circuit fault occurs on the second grounding electrode line l2The above step (1);
step E: determining the fault distance of a ground short of an earth electrode line
When the grounding short-circuit fault is judged to occur on the first grounding electrode line l1In the upper time, the distance x between the fault point and the neutral bus of the grounding electrode is calculated by the following formulaf1：
Figure BDA0002113575080000021
When the grounding short-circuit fault is judged to occur on the second grounding electrode line l2In the upper time, the distance x between the fault point and the neutral bus of the grounding electrode is calculated by the following formulaf2：
Figure BDA0002113575080000022
In the two formulas, l is the first grounding electrode circuit l1And a second grounding electrode line2Length of (2), ZnTo connect toUnit characteristic harmonic impedance, R, of earth linegIs the electrode address resistance of the grounding electrode.
Further, the threshold k is determined in the step D2setIs 0.95.
Furthermore, the sampling frequency in the step A is more than or equal to 1.2 kHz.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention has higher precision. The method judges the fault branch circuit by utilizing the characteristic of the impedance ratio measured by the characteristic harmonics of the two grounding electrode lines, carries out fault positioning based on the specific distance measurement function of the characteristic harmonic measured impedance, eliminates the influence of transition resistance in principle by the distance measurement function, has small maximum relative positioning error in the whole line range of the grounding electrode lines and has higher precision;
2) the invention has strong reliability. The method can reliably judge the fault branch circuit and accurately position the fault in the full-line range of the grounding electrode circuit, overcomes the problem of misjudgment caused by small current difference of two circuits when the high-resistance grounding fault occurs in the conventional method, has strong reliability because the positioning result is not influenced by factors such as fault position, transition resistance, signal noise and the like;
3) the method is simple to operate and convenient for practical engineering application. According to the method, the fault branch circuit distinguishing and fault positioning processes can be realized only by extracting the characteristic harmonic component of each electric signal from the recording data of the measuring end of the grounding electrode circuit and then correspondingly calculating the characteristic harmonic measurement impedance of the two grounding electrode circuits, and the operation is simple; meanwhile, the operation result of the ranging equation is a unique value, complex searching and iteration processes are not needed, and the algorithm is simple; the method only utilizes the existing single-ended measurable electrical measuring device and protective device in the system, does not need to increase hardware equipment, and is convenient for engineering application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a second grounding electrode line l in the simulation experiment of the present invention2Schematic diagram of the occurrence of a ground fault.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
A method for positioning grounding short circuit fault of grounding electrode line of high voltage direct current transmission system includes the following steps:
A. data acquisition
The control protection system of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system detects whether the grounding electrode line has a fault, and if the fault is detected, a grounding electrode neutral bus voltage signal U (t) and a first grounding electrode line l are obtained1Current signal I1(t) and a second ground electrode line l2Current signal I2(t), where t represents a sampling instant;
B. data processing
The earth electrode line fault positioning device carries out the following processing on the data sent by the electrical measuring device:
extracting voltage signal U (t) and current signal I by full-wave Fourier algorithm1(t) and a current signal I2(t) respectively obtaining the characteristic harmonic voltage value U of the neutral bus of the grounding electrodenThe first grounding electrode line l1Characteristic harmonic current value of1 nAnd a second grounding electrode line2Characteristic harmonic current value of2 nWherein the characteristic harmonic frequency is 600 Hz;
C. calculation of characteristic harmonic measured impedance
The earth electrode line fault positioning device is based on the characteristic harmonic voltage value U of the neutral bus of the earth electrodenFirst grounding electrode line1Characteristic harmonic current value of1 nAnd a second grounding electrode line2Characteristic harmonic current value of2 nRespectively calculate the first grounding electrode line l1Characteristic harmonic impedance Z of1 n＝Un/I1 nAnd a second grounding electrode line2Characteristic harmonic impedance Z of2 n＝Un/I2 n；
D. Judgment of grounding short circuit fault branch of grounding electrode line
D1, the earth electrode line fault positioning device calculates the ratio k of the characteristic harmonic measured impedance amplitudes of the two earth electrode lines according to the following formula:
k＝|Z1 n|/|Z2 n|
d2, the fault positioning device compares the ratio k of the characteristic harmonic measurement impedance amplitude with the set fault branch judgment threshold ksetComparing; if k is<ksetIf so, it is determined that the ground short fault occurs on the first grounding electrode line1The above step (1); if k is>1/ksetIf the ground short circuit fault occurs on the second grounding electrode line l2The above. In this embodiment, the judgment threshold ksetTake 0.95, then 1/ksetIs 1.053.
E. Determination of earth short fault distance of earth electrode line
When the grounding electrode line fault positioning device judges that the grounding short-circuit fault occurs on the first grounding electrode line l1When the above is finished; the earth electrode line fault positioning device calculates the distance x between a fault point and an earth electrode neutral bus through the following formulaf1：
Figure BDA0002113575080000041
When the grounding electrode line fault positioning device judges that the grounding short-circuit fault occurs on the second grounding electrode line l2When the above is finished; the earth electrode line fault positioning device calculates the distance x between a fault point and an earth electrode neutral bus through the following formulaf2：
Figure BDA0002113575080000042
In the two formulas, l is the first grounding electrode circuit l1And a second grounding electrode line2Length of (Z)nUnit characteristic harmonic impedance, R, for earth electrode linesgIs the electrode address resistance of the grounding electrode.
The principle of the fault locating method of the invention is as follows:
the grounding polar line consists of double-circuit parallel overhead lines, the characteristic harmonic wave measurement impedance is generally inductive, and the characteristic of the grounding polar line is mainly determined by a line equivalent circuit and impedance parameters. When the grounding electrode lines normally operate, the equivalent homodromous of the characteristic harmonic current flowing through the two grounding electrode lines connected in parallel is equal, and the measured impedance of the characteristic harmonic is the same; when one grounding electrode line has a grounding fault, the equivalent circuit of the grounding electrode line is changed, the characteristic harmonic current of the line is increased sharply, the characteristic harmonic measurement impedance is decreased sharply, and the characteristic harmonic measurement impedance of the other grounding electrode line without the fault is kept unchanged basically. Then, the ratio of the measured impedances using the characteristic harmonics of the two earth lines can be used to determine the faulty branch.
When the first grounding electrode line l1Characteristic harmonic impedance amplitude and second grounding electrode line l2Has a ratio of the characteristic harmonic impedance amplitudes of less than ksetThen, the first grounding electrode line l is judged1A ground fault occurs; when the first grounding electrode line l1Characteristic harmonic impedance amplitude and second grounding electrode line l2Has a ratio of the characteristic harmonic impedance amplitude of more than 1/ksetThen, the second grounding electrode line l is judged2A ground fault occurs.
After the fault branch is determined, if the grounding short-circuit fault occurs in the second grounding electrode line l2In the upper process, the distance between a fault point and a neutral bus of the grounding electrode is set as xf2The circuit equivalent diagram is subjected to equivalent transformation by △ -Y connection, and the first grounding electrode circuit l is obtained after simplification1Characteristic harmonic impedance Z of1 nAnd a second grounding electrode line2Characteristic harmonic impedance Z of2 nComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002113575080000051
the above formula is combined to eliminate the transition resistance RdThen the second grounding electrode circuit l is obtained2Characteristic harmonic impedance Z of2 nComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002113575080000052
from the above formula, the second grounding electrode circuit2Distance x between fault point and neutral bus of grounding electrodef2：
Figure BDA0002113575080000053
Similarly, when the first grounding electrode line l1When a ground fault occurs, a first grounding electrode line l can be obtained1Distance x between fault point and neutral bus of grounding electrodef1：
Figure BDA0002113575080000054
X is abovef1And xf2In the expression, l is the first grounding electrode line l1l1And a second grounding electrode line2Length of (Z)nUnit characteristic harmonic impedance, R, for earth electrode linesgIs the electrode address resistance of the grounding electrode.
Therefore, after judging the grounding short-circuit fault branch of the grounding electrode line, the X can be used for judgingf1And xf2Further determines the distance of the fault point to the neutral bus. And in xf1And xf2Does not contain the transition resistance RdNamely, the fault positioning method of the grounding electrode circuit provided by the invention is not influenced by the transition resistance. The fault position of the fault branch is accurately determined according to the ranging function, so that the invention can carry out accurate fault positioning.
Simulation experiment:
in order to verify the effectiveness and reliability of the method, a +/-800 kV/5kA bipolar high-voltage direct-current transmission system simulation model containing a grounding electrode system is built on the basis of PSCAD/EMTDC software according to actual engineering parameters. In the model, the rated transmission capacity of the direct current transmission system is 8000MW, and the length of the transmission line is 1652 km. In the grounding electrode system, the electrode address resistance is 0.2 omega, the line length is 101.4km, and the line adopts a Bergeron model.
In the simulation model herein, a second grounding electrode line l is provided2Single line ground fault occurs at 1s, fault distance xf230km, transition resistance RdRespectively 0 omega, 100 omega and 200 omega, setting the sampling frequency of voltage and current to 10kHz, and taking a threshold value kset＝0.95，1/kset＝1.053。
Extracting a voltage signal U (t) and a current signal I by adopting a full-wave Fourier algorithm1(t) and a current signal I2(t) respectively obtaining the characteristic harmonic voltage value U of the neutral bus of the grounding electrodenThe first grounding electrode line l1Characteristic harmonic current value of1 nAnd a second grounding electrode line2Characteristic harmonic current value of2 nAnd calculating characteristic harmonic measurement impedance values of the two lines, judging a fault branch circuit by using the ratio of the two impedance measurement impedance values, and solving a fault distance by using a ranging equation, wherein the specific simulation calculation result is shown in the following table. Wherein the relative positioning error defines:
Figure BDA0002113575080000061
results of fault location
Figure BDA0002113575080000062
As can be seen from the table, in the simulation case of the present invention, the first grounding electrode line l1Characteristic harmonic measurement impedance Z of1 nSlightly changed after failure. Second grounding electrode line2Characteristic harmonic measurement impedance Z of2 nThe amplitude of the voltage is obviously reduced, and the smaller the transition resistance is, the larger the amplitude variation is; z2 nThe phase angle of (a) is significantly reduced, as opposed to the impedance magnitude, the larger the transition resistance, the larger the amount of phase angle change. Although the line characteristic harmonic measurement impedance is influenced by the transition resistance, the positioning method provided by the invention can eliminate the transition resistance from the principle when calculating the fault distance. As can be seen from the positioning result of the simulation case, the positioning scheme adopted by the invention can correctly judge the fault branch, and the positioning result has small error and higher precision.

Claims (3)

1. A method for positioning a grounding short circuit fault of a grounding electrode line of a high-voltage direct-current power transmission system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A: data acquisition
The control protection system of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system detects whether the grounding electrode line has a fault, and if the fault is detected, a grounding electrode neutral bus voltage signal U (t) and a first grounding electrode line l are obtained1Current signal I1(t) and a second ground electrode line l2Current signal I2(t), where t represents a sampling instant;
and B: data processing
Extracting a voltage signal U (t) of a neutral bus of an earth electrode and a first earth electrode line l by utilizing a full-wave Fourier algorithm1Current signal I1(t) and a second ground electrode line l2Current signal I2(t) respectively obtaining the characteristic harmonic voltage value U of the neutral bus of the grounding electrodenThe first grounding electrode line l1Characteristic harmonic current value of1 nAnd a second grounding electrode line2Characteristic harmonic current value of2 n；
And C: calculating characteristic harmonic measured impedance
According to the characteristic harmonic voltage value U of the neutral bus of the grounding electrodenThe first grounding electrode line l1Characteristic harmonic current value of1 nAnd a second grounding electrode line2Characteristic harmonic current value of2 nRespectively calculate the first grounding electrode line l1Characteristic harmonic impedance Z of1 n＝Un/I1 nAnd a second grounding electrode line2Characteristic harmonic impedance Z of2 n＝Un/I2 n；
Step D: fault branch for judging grounding short circuit of grounding electrode line
D1: calculating the ratio k of the characteristic harmonic measured impedance amplitudes of the two grounding electrode lines according to the following formula:
k＝|Z1 n|/|Z2 n|
wherein | x | represents an absolute value for use in solving for amplitude;
d2: the ratio k of the characteristic harmonic measured impedance amplitude value and the set fault branch judgment threshold ksetComparing; if k is<ksetIf so, it is determined that the ground short fault occurs on the first grounding electrode line1The above step (1); if k is>1/ksetIf the ground short circuit fault occurs on the second grounding electrode line l2The above step (1);
step E: determining the fault distance of a ground short of an earth electrode line
When the grounding short-circuit fault is judged to occur on the first grounding electrode line l1In the upper time, the distance x between the fault point and the neutral bus of the grounding electrode is calculated by the following formulaf1：
Figure FDA0002403922760000011
When the grounding short-circuit fault is judged to occur on the second grounding electrode line l2In the upper time, the distance x between the fault point and the neutral bus of the grounding electrode is calculated by the following formulaf2：
Figure FDA0002403922760000012
In the two formulas, l is the first grounding electrode circuit l1And a second grounding electrode line2Length of (2), ZnIs the unit characteristic harmonic impedance, R, of the earth electrode linegIs the electrode address resistance of the grounding electrode.
2. The HVDC transmission system grounding electrode line grounding short-circuit fault location method of claim 1, wherein the determination threshold k in step D2 issetIs 0.95.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sampling frequency in step a is 1.2kHz or higher.
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