CN110175018A - A kind of multi-wave length parallel Optical Quantum Random Number Generator - Google Patents
A kind of multi-wave length parallel Optical Quantum Random Number Generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN110175018A CN110175018A CN201910241287.XA CN201910241287A CN110175018A CN 110175018 A CN110175018 A CN 110175018A CN 201910241287 A CN201910241287 A CN 201910241287A CN 110175018 A CN110175018 A CN 110175018A
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- G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
- G06F7/58—Random or pseudo-random number generators
- G06F7/588—Random number generators, i.e. based on natural stochastic processes
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of multi-wave length parallel Optical Quantum Random Number Generators.The output light of multi wave length illuminating source is after interferometer, the light beam of different wave length is led to different branch roads via demultiplexer again, the optical signal with random information is converted electric signal by the photodetector of branch road, then converts random number for the electric signal with random information via analog-digital converter.The present invention utilizes the roomy periodic characteristics with interferometer structure frequency spectrum of optical transport band, realize the generation of the random number of multidiameter delay, it can be under the premise of not sacrificing data randomness, the generation rate for doubling up random number realizes the technical effect for not influencing data stochastic behaviour while improving sampling rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to random number generator technical fields more particularly to a kind of multi-wave length parallel light quantum random number to send out
Raw device.
Background technique
As information content blowout increases, information security starts the attention for being increasingly subject to all trades and professions.Random number is in information
There is irreplaceable role in ciphering process.And the quantum random number generator based on source phase noise is intrinsic due to its
Quantum stochastic behaviour, may be implemented the generation of true random number, to ensure that the safety of information transmitting.In addition, true random number exists
Also play an important role in the development of artificial intelligence, especially during the model training of deep learning, need to introduce very with
Machine number with ensure training after model final accuracy.
Since the phase of light cannot be by optical detector direct detection, the quantum based on source phase noise is random
Number generator usually requires that phase change is changed into amplitude variations by means of interferometer structure.Then by photodetector by light
Signal obtains random number after being converted to electric signal, then sampled and analog-to-digital conversion.Wherein, the effect of interferometer structure is that will have
The two-way or multichannel light beam of relative time delay difference are interfered, wherein the delay inequality of different transmission channels determines extraction phase noise
Time window, coherence time, the response time of photodetector and the relative size of sampling time interval of it and light source
Relationship has vital influence to the randomness for generating random number.According to document [Qi, B., et al. " High-speed
quantum random number generation by measuring phase noise of a single-mode
Laser. " (2010) Optics Letters35.3: 312-314.] show ideally meet:
Ts≥Δt≥τc≥Tr (1)
Wherein, TsFor the sampling interval, inverse is sampling rate；Δ t is the delay inequality of interferometer two-arm；τcFor light source
Coherence time；TrFor the response time of photodetector.Above formula (1) shows that sampling rate ideally is that there are one
The upper limit.Although can improve the generation rate of random number by improving sampling rate, actually one-sided improve is adopted
Sample rate can there are two the adverse effects of aspect: first is that improving sampling when sampling time interval is less than the delay inequality of interferometer
Rate (reducing sampling time interval) is actually equivalent to the delay difference for reducing interferometer, makes an uproar so that converting resulting amplitude
The variance (power) of sound reduces, and the entropy for generating data will decline；Second is that with the increase of sampling rate, random numerical example
Short distance correlation increases, and in random number evaluation, related coefficient is closer to zero, then it is assumed that the randomness of produced random number
It is better, it is thus typically necessary to which carrying out post-processing reduces this correlation.
Summary of the invention
The present invention solves one-sided in the prior art by providing a kind of multi-wave length parallel Optical Quantum Random Number Generator
The technical issues of improving the decline of sampling rate bring random number entropy and the increase of short distance correlation realizes and is improving sampling speed
The technical effect of data stochastic behaviour is not influenced while rate.
The present invention provides a kind of multi-wave length parallel Optical Quantum Random Number Generators, comprising: multi wave length illuminating source, interferometer,
Demultiplexer, photodetector and analog-digital converter；The light of the light output end of the multi wave length illuminating source and the interferometer inputs
End connection, the light output end of the interferometer are connect with the light input end of the demultiplexer, the light output of the demultiplexer
End is connect with the light input end of the photodetector, the electrical signal of the photodetector and the analog-digital converter
Electric signal input end connection.
Further, the multi wave length illuminating source includes: wide spectrum light source and comb filter；The light output of the wide spectrum light source
End is connected with the light input end of the comb filter, and the light of the light output end of the comb filter and the interferometer inputs
End connection.
Further, the multi wave length illuminating source is multiple single wavelength lasers and photo-coupler；Each Single wavelength laser
The output beam of device injects the photo-coupler, the light input end company of the light output end of the photo-coupler and the interferometer
It connects.
Further, the multi wave length illuminating source is the single laser of multi-wavelength simultaneous lasing；Each laser it is defeated
Light beam is connect with the light input end of the interferometer out.
Further, further includes: trans-impedance amplifier；The electric signal input end of the trans-impedance amplifier and the photodetection
The electrical signal of device connects, and the electric signal of the electrical signal of the trans-impedance amplifier and the analog-digital converter inputs
End connection.
Further, further includes: low-pass filter；The electric signal input end of the low-pass filter amplifies with described across resistance
The electrical signal of device connects, and the electric signal of the electrical signal of the low-pass filter and the analog-digital converter inputs
End connection.
Further, the quantity of the photodetector is at least 2；The quantity of the analog-digital converter is also at least 2；Institute
The light input end for stating each photodetector is connect with each light output end of the demultiplexer respectively correspondingly, each light
The electrical signal of electric explorer is connect with the electric signal input end of each analog-digital converter respectively correspondingly.
Further, further includes: at least two switch blocks；Each switch block is separately positioned on institute correspondingly
State each light output end of demultiplexer.
Further, the interferometer be Mach-Zehnder interferometer, Fabry-Perot interferometer, Michelson steller interferometer or
Annular chamber couples interferometer.
One or more technical solution provided in the present invention, has at least the following technical effects or advantages:
By the output light of multi wave length illuminating source after interferometer, then via demultiplexer the light beam of different wave length is led not
Same branch road, the optical signal with random information is converted electric signal by the photodetector of branch road, then turns via modulus
The electric signal with random information is converted random number by parallel operation.The present invention utilizes optical transport band roomy and interferometer structure frequency spectrum
Periodic characteristics, realize the generation of the random number of multidiameter delay, can be under the premise of not sacrificing data randomness, at double
Ground improves the generation rate of random number, realizes the technology effect for not influencing data stochastic behaviour while improving sampling rate
Fruit.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the simulation result schematic diagram of Fabry-Perot interferometer transmission spectrum；
Fig. 2 is the simulation result schematic diagram of Mach-Zehnder interferometer transmission spectrum；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of multi-wave length parallel Optical Quantum Random Number Generator provided by the invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the parallel quantum random number generator of three wavelength in embodiment I；
Fig. 5 is that the multi-wave length parallel time-division slot of the combination switch block in embodiment II receives quantum random number generator
Structural schematic diagram.
Wherein, PD is photodetector, and ADC is analog-digital converter, and DFB is distributed feedback laser.
Specific embodiment
The present invention solves one-sided in the prior art by providing a kind of multi-wave length parallel Optical Quantum Random Number Generator
The technical issues of improving the decline of sampling rate bring random number entropy and the increase of short distance correlation realizes and is improving sampling speed
The technical effect of data stochastic behaviour is not influenced while rate.
Technical solution in the present invention is to solve the above problems, general thought is as follows:
Multi wave length illuminating source can be made of the laser of multiple and different operation wavelengths, and output beam includes the frequencies such as multiple
The spectral components (output light corresponding to each laser) at interval, when by interferometer module, due to interferometer structure frequency
(transmission spectrum of Fabry-Perot interferometer and Mach-Zehnder interferometer distinguishes as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, mikey to the periodicity of spectrum
Your transmission spectrum of inferior interferometer is similar with Mach-Zehnder interferometer, is not repeated to provide), the phase in each spectral components is made an uproar
Sound is converted into amplitude noise, then different spectral components is directed respectively into different branches via demultiplexer, on branch road
Electric signal is converted optical signal by photodetector, then is generated at random after over-sampling and quantization by modulus (A/D) converter
Number.If the number of wavelengths of multi wave length illuminating source is n, mean that random number generates rate and can obtain n times of promotion.In Fig. 1, chamber
Length is 50 μm, and two cavity mirrors reflectivities are 0.70, and air refraction is 1；In Fig. 2, the physical length difference of two-arm optical fiber is
0.5mm, optical fibre refractivity are 1.5；Solid line and dotted line respectively indicate the transmission spectrum of two output ports of Mach-Zehnder interferometer,
The two is complementary.
Above-mentioned technical proposal in order to better understand, in conjunction with appended figures and specific embodiments to upper
Technical solution is stated to be described in detail.
Referring to Fig. 3, multi-wave length parallel Optical Quantum Random Number Generator provided by the invention, comprising: multi wave length illuminating source, interference
Instrument, demultiplexer, photodetector and analog-digital converter；The light output end of multi wave length illuminating source and the light input end of interferometer connect
It connects, the light input end of the light output end of interferometer and demultiplexer connects, the light output end of demultiplexer and photodetector
Light input end connection, the electrical signal of photodetector and the electric signal input end of analog-digital converter connect.
Specifically, the present invention provides the structures of three kinds of multi wave length illuminating sources:
The first multi wave length illuminating source includes: wide spectrum light source and comb filter；The light output end and pectination of wide spectrum light source are filtered
The light input end of wave device is connected, and the light output end of comb filter and the light input end of interferometer connect.
Second of multi wave length illuminating source is multiple single wavelength lasers and photo-coupler；The output beam of each single wavelength laser
Photo-coupler is injected, the light output end of photo-coupler and the light input end of interferometer connect.
The third multi wave length illuminating source is the single laser of multi-wavelength simultaneous lasing；The output beam of each laser and interference
The light input end of instrument connects.
In order to improve noise power, further includes: trans-impedance amplifier；The electric signal input end of trans-impedance amplifier and photodetection
The electrical signal of device connects, and the electrical signal of trans-impedance amplifier and the electric signal input end of analog-digital converter connect.
In order to filter out out-of-band noise, further includes: low-pass filter；The electric signal input end of low-pass filter amplifies with across resistance
The electrical signal of device connects, and the electrical signal of low-pass filter and the electric signal input end of analog-digital converter connect.
The present invention also provides two kinds of photodetectors and analog-digital converter structures.
Referring to Fig. 3, the first structure is that the quantity of photodetector is at least 2；The quantity of analog-digital converter is also at least
2；The light input end of each photodetector is connect with each light output end of demultiplexer respectively correspondingly, each photodetector
Electrical signal connect respectively with the electric signal input end of each analog-digital converter correspondingly, to form multidiameter delay
Structure.
Second of structure further include: at least two switch block；Each switch block is separately positioned on demultiplexing correspondingly
Each light output end of device.In this case it is necessary to which at least one photodetector and at least one analog-digital converter, pass through control
Any output light all the way of the opening and closing selection demultiplexer of each switch block is received by a photoelectric detector.
In the present invention, interferometer is Mach-Zehnder interferometer, Fabry-Perot interferometer, Michelson steller interferometer or ring
Shape chamber couples interferometer or other interferometers, as long as amplitude noise effectively can be converted by the phase noise of light source.Solution
Multiplexer can be any kind of wave-dividing device, and the output wavelength of the output wavelength of each output end and multi wave length illuminating source is one by one
It is corresponding, such as realized by prism combination lens, or realized by diffraction grating combination lens, or be inteferometer coating optical filtering type channel-splitting filter
Part, or cascaded by multiple melting cone fibers, or be waveguide array grating (Arrayed Waveguide Grating, AWG),
Or it is realized by circulator combination grating.Switch block is photoswitch.
Embodiment IIt is the parallel quantum random number generator of three wavelength.
Its structural schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 4.Multi wave length illuminating source in embodiment I is anti-by three different distributions of operation wavelength
It presents DFB semiconductor laser coupling output to constitute, can be made of discrete device or integrated device, three laser output wavelengths
Between interval it is identical, each laser has respective driving circuit to adjust the size of input current, have respective temperature control
Circuit processed is to inhibit the drift of its operation wavelength.Interferometer uses Mach-Zehnder interferometer, by (1 × 2 orientation coupling of coupler 1
Clutch), coupler 2 (2 × 1 directional couplers), optical time delay unit (a single-mode fiber or the free space that amount of delay is τ
Optical time delay unit) and amount of phase shift phi0Adjustable phase-shifter is constituted.Light beam from light source by 1 constant power of coupler arrive by beam splitting
Two branch road with delay inequality, then beam interferometer is closed to coupler 2, the phase noise of light source will be converted into amplitude at this time
Noise.The transmission spectrum of Mach-Zehnder interferometer is as shown in Fig. 2, wherein if the delay inequality for changing Mach-Zehnder interferometer two-arm
Its Free Spectral Range changes, and therefore, the amount of delay of delayer should be with coherence time (determining spectral width) phase of light source
Matching；If changing amount of phase shift phi0, then the opposite position of the output spectrum of adjustable light source and Mach-Zehnder interferometer transmission spectrum
It sets, that is, changes the bias point position of Mach-Zehnder interferometer.Pass through fine tuning delay inequality and phase-shift phase, or each laser of fine tuning
The operating temperature of device can make the output wavelength of three lasers be in identical bias point position.Demultiplexer uses
The demultiplexer of Dielectric thin-film filters type, wavelength interval and single channel bandwidth respectively with the wavelength interval of multi wave length illuminating source and
Spectrum width matching.The signal of three wavelength is received by a PIN photoelectric detector respectively after demultiplexer, is converted optical signal into
Electric signal can increase trans-impedance amplifier after PIN photoelectric detector to improve noise power, and/or increase low-pass filter
To filter out out-of-band noise, but the bandwidth of entire optical detection system (containing PIN photoelectric detector, trans-impedance amplifier, low-pass filter)
The spectrum width of light source be should be greater than to guarantee that conversion process deteriorates the autocorrelation performance of noise later.The output of optical detection system again via
The electric signal with quantum random information is converted random number (not post-treated initial data) by modulus (A/D) converter.
Embodiment I is compared with Single wavelength MZI scheme, in the case where not influencing to generate the randomness of random number, at random
Number, which generates rate, can be promoted to original three times.
Embodiment IIIt is the multi-wave length parallel time-division slot reception quantum random number generator in conjunction with switch block, structure is such as
Shown in Fig. 5.
Consider in embodiment II: if the bandwidth of PD is sufficiently large, the sampling rate of ADC is sufficiently fast, then can use
The received mode of time-division slot, can multiple signals share a photoelectric conversion and data collection system, i.e., several wavelength channels are one
Group (or even all wavelengths access), shares a PD and ADC thereafter, PD in different time slots to this group of wavelength channel into
Row receives respectively.In order to realize the received mode of this time-division slot, each wavelength channel increases a light and opens after demultiplexing
It closes, by the control to photoswitch, successively arbitrarily receiving all the way in this group of wavelength channel is opened in selection, such as Fig. 5 institute
Show.Embodiment II is realized is separated multiple wavelength in the time domain, so that PD and ADC is acquired at each moment
To the quantum random information of single wavelength.The advantages of the present embodiment II: system knot is further simplified on the basis of embodiment I
Structure.
Technical effect
1, by the output light of multi wave length illuminating source after interferometer, then via demultiplexer the light beam of different wave length is led
The optical signal with random information is converted electric signal by different branch roads, the photodetector of branch road, then via modulus
The electric signal with random information is converted random number by converter.The present invention utilizes optical transport band roomy and interferometer structure frequency
The periodic characteristics of spectrum realize the generation of the random number of multidiameter delay, can under the premise of not sacrificing data randomness, at
The generation rate for improving random number again realizes the technology effect for not influencing data stochastic behaviour while improving sampling rate
Fruit.
2, by the use to trans-impedance amplifier, noise power is improved.
3, by the use to low-pass filter, out-of-band noise has been filtered out.
4, the stochastic source of each concurrent working has shared an interferometer and its feedback control loop in the present invention, drops significantly
Low cost of manufacture and operation expense.
5, the present invention has the advantages that upgrading is simple, as long as the increase number of wavelengths of multi wave length illuminating source, demultiplexer and later
The promotion that random number generates rate can be realized in the circuitry number of photodetector and analog-digital converter, without to interferometer and its work
Make point feedback control loop and carries out additional upgrading.
6, the present invention also has compatibility well, and wherein interferometer part can be any with the dry of periodical spectrum
Interferometer；Demultiplexer part is also possible to any device for being able to achieve point function of wavelength, thus the present invention can be according to practical need
The corresponding module of selection is sought, since the diversity of modules makes implementation of the invention also have diversity.
Quantum random number generator calculates in numerical value, artificial intelligence and in terms of all have and very important answer
With.The quantum phase noise that light source is converted and extracted based on interferometer structure is one of the important method for generating true random number, this
Invention, can be in the premise for not sacrificing data randomness using the roomy periodic characteristics with interferometer structure frequency spectrum of optical transport band
Under, double up the generation rate of random number.Therefore, the present invention will be one with competitive advantage in this following field
A technical solution.In addition, the present invention also has many advantages, such as upgrading simple, good compatibility, practical.
Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, it is created once a person skilled in the art knows basic
Property concept, then additional changes and modifications may be made to these embodiments.So it includes excellent that the following claims are intended to be interpreted as
It selects embodiment and falls into all change and modification of the scope of the invention.
Obviously, various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from essence of the invention by those skilled in the art
Mind and range.In this way, if these modifications and changes of the present invention belongs to the range of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies
Within, then the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of multi-wave length parallel Optical Quantum Random Number Generator characterized by comprising multi wave length illuminating source, demultiplexes interferometer
With device, photodetector and analog-digital converter；The light input end of the light output end of the multi wave length illuminating source and the interferometer connects
Connect, the light output end of the interferometer is connect with the light input end of the demultiplexer, the light output end of the demultiplexer with
The light input end of the photodetector connects, the electricity of the electrical signal of the photodetector and the analog-digital converter
Signal input part connection.
2. multi-wave length parallel Optical Quantum Random Number Generator as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the multi wave length illuminating source
It include: wide spectrum light source and comb filter；The light input end phase of the light output end of the wide spectrum light source and the comb filter
Even, the light output end of the comb filter is connect with the light input end of the interferometer.
3. multi-wave length parallel Optical Quantum Random Number Generator as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the multi wave length illuminating source
For multiple single wavelength lasers and photo-coupler；The output beam of each single wavelength laser injects the photo-coupler, institute
The light output end for stating photo-coupler is connect with the light input end of the interferometer.
4. multi-wave length parallel Optical Quantum Random Number Generator as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the multi wave length illuminating source
For the single laser of multi-wavelength simultaneous lasing；The output beam of each laser and the light input end of the interferometer connect
It connects.
5. multi-wave length parallel Optical Quantum Random Number Generator as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include: it is put across resistance
Big device；The electric signal input end of the trans-impedance amplifier is connect with the electrical signal of the photodetector, described across resistance
The electrical signal of amplifier is connect with the electric signal input end of the analog-digital converter.
6. multi-wave length parallel Optical Quantum Random Number Generator as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that further include: low pass filtered
Wave device；The electric signal input end of the low-pass filter is connect with the electrical signal of the trans-impedance amplifier, the low pass
The electrical signal of filter is connect with the electric signal input end of the analog-digital converter.
7. such as multi-wave length parallel Optical Quantum Random Number Generator of any of claims 1-6, which is characterized in that described
The quantity of photodetector is at least 2；The quantity of the analog-digital converter is also at least 2；The light of each photodetector is defeated
Enter end to connect with each light output end of the demultiplexer respectively correspondingly, the electric signal output of each photodetector
End is connect with the electric signal input end of each analog-digital converter respectively correspondingly.
8. such as multi-wave length parallel Optical Quantum Random Number Generator of any of claims 1-6, which is characterized in that also wrap
It includes: at least two switch blocks；Each switch block is separately positioned on each light output of the demultiplexer correspondingly
End.
9. such as multi-wave length parallel Optical Quantum Random Number Generator of any of claims 1-6, which is characterized in that described
Interferometer is Mach-Zehnder interferometer, Fabry-Perot interferometer, Michelson steller interferometer or annular chamber coupling interferometer.
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